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People with multiple disabilities learn to engage in occupation and work activities with the support of technology-aided programs 2014 University of Bari, Italy. Electronic address: g.lancioni@psico.uniba.it.; Medical College of Georgia, Georgia Regents University, Augusta, USA.; University of Texas at Austin, USA.; Victoria University of Wellington, New Zealand.; Lega F. D'Oro Research
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Print(0)
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Journal Article
Periodical, Full
Research in developmental disabilities
Periodical, Abbrev.
Res.Dev.Disabil.
Pub Date Free Form
Jun
Volume
35
Issue
6
Start Page
1264
Other Pages
1271
Notes
CI: Copyright (c) 2014; JID: 8709782; OTO: NOTNLM; 2014/03/09 [received]; 2014/03/09 [accepted]; 2014/03/29 [aheadofprint]; ppublish
Place of Publication
United States
ISSN/ISBN
1873-3379; 0891-4222
Accession Number
PMID: 24685943
Language
eng
SubFile
Journal Article; IM
DOI
10.1016/j.ridd.2014.03.026 [doi]
Output Language
Unknown(0)
PMID
24685943
Abstract
These two studies were aimed at assessing technology-aided programs to help persons with multiple disabilities engage in basic occupation or work activities. Specifically, Study I focused on teaching two participants (an adolescent and an adult) with low vision or total blindness, severe/profound intellectual disabilities, and minimal object interaction to engage in constructive object-manipulation responses. The technology monitored their responses and followed them with brief stimulation periods automatically. Study II focused on teaching three adults with deafness, severe visual impairment, and profound intellectual disabilities to perform a complex activity, that is, to assemble a five-component water pipe. The technology regulated (a) light cues to guide the participants through the workstations containing single pipe components and the carton for completed pipes and (b) stimulation events. The results of both studies were positive. The participants of Study I showed consistent and independent engagement in object-manipulation responses. The participants of Study II showed consistent and independent pipe assembling performance. General implications of the two programs and the related technology packages for intervention with persons with multiple disabilities are discussed.
Descriptors
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Book Title
Database
Publisher
Elsevier Ltd
Data Source
Authors
Lancioni,G.E., Singh,N.N., O'Reilly,M.F., Sigafoos,J., Alberti,G., Perilli,V., Laporta,D., Campodonico,F., Oliva,D., Groeneweg,J.
Original/Translated Title
URL
Date of Electronic
20140329
PMCID
Editors
Shisha: is this addressed within smoking cessation in general practice? 2014 The Hawthorns Surgery, 331 Birmingham Road, Sutton Coldfield. E-mail: farazm@doctors.org.uk.
Source Type
Print(0)
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Journal Article
Periodical, Full
The British journal of general practice : the journal of the Royal College of General Practitioners
Periodical, Abbrev.
Br.J.Gen.Pract.
Pub Date Free Form
Apr
Volume
64
Issue
621
Start Page
173
Other Pages
Notes
LR: 20150401; JID: 9005323; OID: NLM: PMC3964465; ppublish
Place of Publication
England
ISSN/ISBN
1478-5242; 0960-1643
Accession Number
PMID: 24686869
Language
eng
SubFile
Letter; IM
DOI
10.3399/bjgp14X677789 [doi]
Output Language
Unknown(0)
PMID
24686869
Abstract
Descriptors
Links
Book Title
Database
Publisher
Data Source
Authors
Mughal,F., Meki,A., Kassamali,R.H.
Original/Translated Title
URL
Date of Electronic
PMCID
PMC3964465
Editors
Ultrasound detection of vascular decompression bubbles: the influence of new technology and considerations on bubble load 2014 SLB Consulting, C/O The Barn, Manor House Wynd, Winton, Cumbria, CA17 4HL, UK, Phone: +44-(0)771-442-2042, E-mail: lesley@chapelclose20.fsnet.co.uk.; Department of Environmental Physiology, School of Technology and Health, Royal Institute of Technology, S
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Print(0)
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Journal Article
Periodical, Full
Diving and hyperbaric medicine
Periodical, Abbrev.
Diving.Hyperb.Med.
Pub Date Free Form
Mar
Volume
44
Issue
1
Start Page
35
Other Pages
44
Notes
LR: 20141212; JID: 101282742; OTO: NOTNLM; 2013/08/02 [received]; 2014/01/26 [accepted]; ppublish
Place of Publication
Australia
ISSN/ISBN
1833-3516; 1833-3516
Accession Number
PMID: 24687484
Language
eng
SubFile
Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; Review; IM
DOI
Output Language
Unknown(0)
PMID
24687484
Abstract
INTRODUCTION: Diving often causes the formation of 'silent' bubbles upon decompression. If the bubble load is high, then the risk of decompression sickness (DCS) and the number of bubbles that could cross to the arterial circulation via a pulmonary shunt or patent foramen ovale increase. Bubbles can be monitored aurally, with Doppler ultrasound, or visually, with two dimensional (2D) ultrasound imaging. Doppler grades and imaging grades can be compared with good agreement. Early 2D imaging units did not provide such comprehensive observations as Doppler, but advances in technology have allowed development of improved, portable, relatively inexpensive units. Most now employ harmonic technology; it was suggested that this could allow previously undetectable bubbles to be observed. METHODS: This paper provides a review of current methods of bubble measurement and how new technology may be changing our perceptions of the potential relationship of these measurements to decompression illness. Secondly, 69 paired ultrasound images were made using conventional 2D ultrasound imaging and harmonic imaging. Images were graded on the Eftedal-Brubakk (EB) scale and the percentage agreement of the images calculated. The distribution of mismatched grades was analysed. RESULTS: Fifty-four of the 69 paired images had matching grades. There was no significant difference in the distribution of high or low EB grades for the mismatched pairs. CONCLUSIONS: Given the good level of agreement between pairs observed, it seems unlikely that harmonic technology is responsible for any perceived increase in observed bubble loads, but it is probable that our increasing use of 2D ultrasound to assess dive profiles is changing our perception of 'normal' venous and arterial bubble loads. Methods to accurately investigate the load and size of bubbles developed will be helpful in the future in determining DCS risk.
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Database
Publisher
Data Source
Authors
Blogg,S.L., Gennser,M., Mollerlokken,A., Brubakk,A.O.
Original/Translated Title
URL
Date of Electronic
PMCID
Editors
Prevalence and characteristics of dyspepsia among college students in Zhejiang Province 2014 Meng Li, Bin Lu, Li Chu, Hong Zhou, Ming-Yan Chen, Department of Gastroenterology, First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310006, Zhejiang Province, China.; Meng Li, Bin Lu, Li Chu, Hong Zhou, Ming-Yan Chen, Department
Source Type
Print(0)
Ref Type
Journal Article
Periodical, Full
World journal of gastroenterology
Periodical, Abbrev.
World J.Gastroenterol.
Pub Date Free Form
7-Apr
Volume
20
Issue
13
Start Page
3649
Other Pages
3654
Notes
LR: 20151119; JID: 100883448; OID: NLM: PMC3974534; OTO: NOTNLM; 2013/07/17 [received]; 2013/11/19 [revised]; 2014/01/02 [accepted]; ppublish
Place of Publication
China
ISSN/ISBN
2219-2840; 1007-9327
Accession Number
PMID: 24707150
Language
eng
SubFile
Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; IM
DOI
10.3748/wjg.v20.i13.3649 [doi]
Output Language
Unknown(0)
PMID
24707150
Abstract
AIM: To investigate the prevalence and characteristics of uninvestigated dyspepsia among college students in Zhejiang Province. METHODS: Young adult students attending undergraduate (within the 4-year program) and graduate (only first-year students) colleges in Zhejiang Province were recruited between November 2010 and March 2011 to participate in the self-report survey study. The questionnaire was designed to collect data regarding demographics (sex and age), general health [weight and height, to calculate body mass index (BMI)], and physical episodes related to gastrointestinal disorders. Diagnosis of dyspepsia and irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) was made according to the Rome III criteria. Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) was defined by episodes of heartburn and/or acid reflux that occurred at least once a week, according to the Montreal definition. RESULTS: Of 2520 students recruited for survey participation, only 1870 (males: 967; age range: 17-32 years, mean age: 21.3 years) returned a completed questionnaire. One hundred and eight (5.67%) of the student participants fit the criteria for dyspepsia diagnosis. Stratification analysis of dyspepsia and non-dyspepsia cases showed no statistically significant differences in age or BMI; however, the prevalence of dyspepsia was significantly higher in women than in men (7.53% vs 4.14%, P
Descriptors
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Book Title
Database
Publisher
Data Source
Authors
Li,M., Lu,B., Chu,L., Zhou,H., Chen,M.Y.
Original/Translated Title
URL
Date of Electronic
PMCID
PMC3974534
Editors
Hookah smoking and harm perception among asthmatic adolescents: findings from the Florida youth tobacco survey 2014 Public Health, Department of Health Sciences and Human Performance, The University of Tampa, 401 W. Kennedy Boulevard, Box 30F, Tampa, FL 33606.
Source Type
Print(0)
Ref Type
Journal Article
Periodical, Full
The Journal of school health
Periodical, Abbrev.
J.Sch.Health
Pub Date Free Form
May
Volume
84
Issue
5
Start Page
334
Other Pages
341
Notes
CI: (c) 2014; JID: 0376370; OTO: NOTNLM; 2013/05/31 [received]; 2013/08/07 [revised]; 2013/11/09 [accepted]; ppublish
Place of Publication
United States
ISSN/ISBN
1746-1561; 0022-4391
Accession Number
PMID: 24707928
Language
eng
SubFile
Journal Article; IM; N
DOI
10.1111/josh.12153 [doi]
Output Language
Unknown(0)
PMID
24707928
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Hookah tobacco smoking has increased in prevalence among Florida adolescents and is often viewed as a safer alternative to cigarette smoking by young adults. Asthmatic adolescents are at increased risk of the negative health effects of hookah smoking. The purpose of this study is to examine if hookah use and harm perception vary by asthma status. METHODS: The Florida Youth Tobacco Survey was conducted in 2012 among 36,578 high school students. Secondary data analysis was conducted to compare the rates of hookah use among asthmatic youth to their nonasthmatic counterparts. Risk perception of hookah use compared to cigarette smoking was also assessed among asthmatic and nonasthmatic adolescents. RESULTS: One in 5 high school students reported lifetime asthma. These asthmatic students have a significantly higher prevalence of hookah smoking and greater perception of hookah use as being less harmful than cigarette smoking, than their nonasthmatic counterparts. Among asthmatics, 12th graders and Hispanic students had the highest prevalence of hookah smoking. CONCLUSION: Common misperceptions of hookah smoking as being less harmful than cigarette smoking are prominent among high school students in Florida and are greater among students with asthma than those students who do not have asthma. Efforts to increase education to dispel the myths surrounding hookah smoking as a safer alternative to cigarette smoking needs to exist at the high school level for both students with and without asthma.
Descriptors
Links
Book Title
Database
Publisher
American School Health Association
Data Source
Authors
Martinasek,M.P., Gibson-Young,L., Forrest,J.
Original/Translated Title
URL
Date of Electronic
PMCID
Editors
Prevalence of the tobacco product dokha among high school students in Dubai 2014 1School of Life Sciences, Heriot Watt University , Dubai , United Arab Emirates.
Source Type
Print(0)
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Journal Article
Periodical, Full
Substance use & misuse
Periodical, Abbrev.
Subst.Use Misuse
Pub Date Free Form
Aug
Volume
49
Issue
10
Start Page
1349
Other Pages
1352
Notes
LR: 20151119; JID: 9602153; OTO: NOTNLM; 2014/04/07 [aheadofprint]; ppublish
Place of Publication
England
ISSN/ISBN
1532-2491; 1082-6084
Accession Number
PMID: 24708427
Language
eng
SubFile
Journal Article; IM
DOI
10.3109/10826084.2014.901388 [doi]
Output Language
Unknown(0)
PMID
24708427
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Dokha is a mixed tobacco product, smoked through a pipe, traditional in Arabic culture and popular in the UAE. User forums suggest this product may contain higher levels of nicotine and potentially psychoactive properties. However, there have been few published studies on dokha prevalence and health effects. The present study provides initial data on prevalence of use among high school students resident in Dubai, UAE. METHODS: 416 students were recruited from five English curriculum schools. Respondents completed a questionnaire measuring current and lifetime use of tobacco in the form of cigarettes, water-pipes and dokha. Current tobacco users completed the 'Hooked on Nicotine Checklist for signs of dependency. RESULTS: Data from 394 subjects were analyzed with mean age 16.9 years. Regular use (weekly or daily) of tobacco had relatively high prevalence (23.4%) compared to international data and was driven by use of the local tobacco, dokha. CONCLUSION: Dokha forms a commonly used tobacco product among young people in the UAE from both Arab and Western national groups. Little is currently known about the health and dependence risks of this product. The paper adds to the few studies calling for timely research into this and other emerging tobacco products.
Descriptors
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Book Title
Database
Publisher
Data Source
Authors
Crookes,A., Wolff,K.
Original/Translated Title
URL
Date of Electronic
20140407
PMCID
Editors
Harmful effects of shisha: literature review 2014 Dow Medical College, Dow University of Health Sciences, Karachi, Pakistan.; Dow Medical College, Dow University of Health Sciences, Karachi, Pakistan.; Dow Medical College, Dow University of Health Sciences, Karachi, Pakistan.; Dow Medical College, Dow Un
Source Type
Print(0)
Ref Type
Journal Article
Periodical, Full
International archives of medicine
Periodical, Abbrev.
Int.Arch.Med.
Pub Date Free Form
4-Apr
Volume
7
Issue
Start Page
16
Other Pages
7682-7-16. eCollection 2014
Notes
LR: 20140624; JID: 101317943; OID: NLM: PMC4003490; 2014 [ecollection]; 2013/12/05 [received]; 2014/03/26 [accepted]; 2014/04/04 [epublish]; epublish
Place of Publication
England
ISSN/ISBN
1755-7682; 1755-7682
Accession Number
PMID: 24708750
Language
eng
SubFile
Journal Article; Review
DOI
10.1186/1755-7682-7-16 [doi]
Output Language
Unknown(0)
PMID
24708750
Abstract
Tobacco is a preventable cause of morbidity and mortality across the world. A recently infamous way of smoking tobacco is shisha. Shisha smoking is also known as water pipe, hookah and Narghile smoking. The percentage of shisha smokers is on the rise rapidly spanning the globe. A literature review was conducted to identify all evidence on the epidemiological variations and health effects of shisha smoking. "Pub med" is used as a searching tool to identify all relevant empirical studies conducted worldwide. A qualitative overview of evidence is presented. Exposure to Shisha smoking is significantly associated with low infant weight, heart rate variations, hyperglycemia and hypertriglyceridemia. Increased risk of carcinoma is also leagued with it including carcinomas of the pancreas and lung being at the forefront. In conclusion, this review identifies grounds of several adverse conditions being associated with the habit of shisha smoking. It also evaluates the relevant epidemiological variations around the globe. The review culminates in the importance of enlightening shisha smokers regarding its deleterious effects.
Descriptors
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Book Title
Database
Publisher
Data Source
Authors
Aslam,H.M., Saleem,S., German,S., Qureshi,W.A.
Original/Translated Title
URL
Date of Electronic
20140404
PMCID
PMC4003490
Editors
Time trends of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon exposure in New York City from 2001 to 2012: assessed by repeat air and urine samples 2014 Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care of Medicine, Department of Medicine, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, PH8E-101, 630W. 168 Street, New York, NY 10032, United States.; Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care
Source Type
Print(0)
Ref Type
Journal Article
Periodical, Full
Environmental research
Periodical, Abbrev.
Environ.Res.
Pub Date Free Form
May
Volume
131
Issue
Start Page
95
Other Pages
103
Notes
LR: 20150806; CI: Copyright (c) 2014; GR: P01 ES009600/ES/NIEHS NIH HHS/United States; GR: P01ES09600/ES/NIEHS NIH HHS/United States; GR: P30 ES009089/ES/NIEHS NIH HHS/United States; GR: P30ES09089/ES/NIEHS NIH HHS/United States; GR: P50 ES015905/ES/NIEHS
Place of Publication
United States
ISSN/ISBN
1096-0953; 0013-9351
Accession Number
PMID: 24709094
Language
eng
SubFile
Journal Article; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.; IM
DOI
10.1016/j.envres.2014.02.017 [doi]
Output Language
Unknown(0)
PMID
24709094
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Exposure to air pollutants including polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH), and specifically pyrene from combustion of fuel oil, coal, traffic and indoor sources, has been associated with adverse respiratory health outcomes. However, time trends of airborne PAH and metabolite levels detected via repeat measures over time have not yet been characterized. We hypothesized that PAH levels, measured repeatedly from residential indoor and outdoor monitors, and childrens urinary concentrations of PAH metabolites, would decrease following policy interventions to reduce traffic-related air pollution. METHODS: Indoor PAH (particle- and gas-phase) were collected for two weeks prenatally (n=98), at age 5/6 years (n=397) and age 9/10 years (n=198) since 2001 and at all three age-points (n=27). Other traffic-related air pollutants (black carbon and PM2.5) were monitored indoors simultaneous with PAH monitoring at ages 5/6 (n=403) and 9/10 (n=257) between 2005 and 2012. One third of the homes were selected across seasons for outdoor PAH, BC and PM2.5 sampling. Using the same sampling method, ambient PAH, BC and PM2.5 also were monitored every two weeks at a central site between 2007 and 2012. PAH were analyzed as semivolatile PAH (e.g., pyrene; MW 178-206) ( summation operator8PAH(semivolatile): Including pyrene (PYR), phenanthrene (PHEN), 1-methylphenanthrene (1-MEPH), 2-methylphenanthrene (2-MEPH), 3-methylphenanthrene (3-MEPH), 9-methylphenanthrene (9-MEPH), 1,7-dimethylphenanthrene (1,7-DMEPH), and 3,6-dimethylphenanthrene (3,6-DMEPH)) and the sum of eight nonvolatile PAH ( summation operator8PAH(nonvolatile): Including benzo[a]anthracene (BaA), chrysene/iso-chrysene (Chry), benzo[b]fluoranthene (BbFA), benzo[k]fluoranthene (BkFA), benzo[a]pyrene (BaP), indeno[1,2,3-c,d]pyrene (IP), dibenzo[a,h]anthracene (DahA), and benzo[g,h,i]perylene (BghiP); MW 228-278). A spot urine sample was collected from children at child ages 3, 5, 7 and 9 between 2001 and 2012 and analyzed for 10 PAH metabolites. RESULTS: Modest declines were detected in indoor BC and PM2.5 levels between 2005 and 2012 (Annual percent change [APC]=-2.08% [p=0.010] and -2.18% [p=0.059] for BC and PM2.5, respectively), while a trend of increasing pyrene levels was observed in indoor and outdoor samples, and at the central site during the comparable time periods (APC=4.81%, 3.77% and 7.90%, respectively; p
Descriptors
Links
Book Title
Database
Publisher
Elsevier Inc
Data Source
Authors
Jung,K.H., Liu,B., Lovinsky-Desir,S., Yan,B., Camann,D., Sjodin,A., Li,Z., Perera,F., Kinney,P., Chillrud,S., Miller,R.L.
Original/Translated Title
URL
Date of Electronic
20140405
PMCID
PMC4031101
Editors
The frequency of shisha (waterpipe) smoking in students of different age groups 2014 Department of Medicine, Ziauddin University, Karachi.; Department of Medicine, Ziauddin University, Karachi.; Department of Medicine, Ziauddin University, Karachi.; Department of Medicine, Ziauddin University, Karachi.; Department of Medicine, Ziauddin Un
Source Type
Print(0)
Ref Type
Journal Article
Periodical, Full
Journal of the College of Physicians and Surgeons--Pakistan : JCPSP
Periodical, Abbrev.
J.Coll.Physicians Surg.Pak.
Pub Date Free Form
Apr
Volume
24
Issue
4
Start Page
265
Other Pages
268
Notes
LR: 20151119; JID: 9606447; 059QF0KO0R (Water); 2013/02/19 [received]; 2014/01/28 [accepted]; ppublish
Place of Publication
Pakistan
ISSN/ISBN
1681-7168; 1022-386X
Accession Number
PMID: 24709241
Language
eng
SubFile
Journal Article; IM
DOI
04.2014/JCPSP.265268 [doi]
Output Language
Unknown(0)
PMID
24709241
Abstract
OBJECTIVE: To determine the frequency of waterpipe smoking in students of different age groups. STUDY DESIGN: Cross-sectional survey. PLACE AND DURATION OF STUDY: Karachi, Pakistan, from February 2012 to February 2013. METHODOLOGY: The subjects were divided into two age groups. Group-I comprised of 13 - 17 years old randomly selected students from O' Level schools in Karachi and group-2 included 23 - 27 years old undergraduate and postgraduate students again randomly selected from various institutions in Karachi. A questionnaire was filled with prior consent, basic education on waterpipe smoking was given, and all the questions of the survey form were explained to the subjects according to context. RESULTS: In group-1, 39% students smoked waterpipe. Most students had been smoking waterpipe for the last 2 years. In group-2, 48% individuals smoked waterpipe, majority of smokers indulged in the last 5 years and among them, most were falling within the last 2 years. CONCLUSION: The frequency of waterpipe smoking in teenage students was 39% and older students for 48%. Social and recreational use of waterpipes is widespread among both groups despite being acknowledged by majority as a health hazard.
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Database
Publisher
Data Source
Authors
Basir,F., Khan,M.S., Ahmed,B., Farooq,W., Virji,R.N.
Original/Translated Title
URL
Date of Electronic
PMCID
Editors
Proactive tobacco treatment for low income smokers: study protocol of a randomized controlled trial 2014 VA HSR&D Center for Chronic Disease Outcomes Research, Minneapolis VA Health Care System, 1 Veterans Drive (152), Minneapolis, MN 55417, USA. Steven.Fu@va.gov.
Source Type
Print(0)
Ref Type
Journal Article
Periodical, Full
BMC public health
Periodical, Abbrev.
BMC Public Health
Pub Date Free Form
9-Apr
Volume
14
Issue
Start Page
337
Other Pages
2458-14-337
Notes
LR: 20150806; ClinicalTrials.gov/NCT01123967; GR: 1R01CA141527-01/CA/NCI NIH HHS/United States; GR: R01 CA141527/CA/NCI NIH HHS/United States; JID: 100968562; OID: NLM: PMC3995758; 2014/03/27 [received]; 2014/04/02 [accepted]; 2014/04/09 [aheadofprint]; e
Place of Publication
England
ISSN/ISBN
1471-2458; 1471-2458
Accession Number
PMID: 24716466
Language
eng
SubFile
Journal Article; Randomized Controlled Trial; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural; IM
DOI
10.1186/1471-2458-14-337 [doi]
Output Language
Unknown(0)
PMID
24716466
Abstract
BACKGROUND: There is a high prevalence of smoking and high burden of tobacco-related diseases among low-income populations. Effective, evidenced-based smoking cessation treatments are available, but low-income smokers are less likely than higher-income smokers to use these treatments, especially the most comprehensive forms that include a combination of pharmacotherapy and intensive behavioral counseling. METHODS/DESIGN: The primary objectives of this randomized controlled trial are to compare the effects of a proactive tobacco treatment intervention compared to usual care on population-level smoking abstinence rates and tobacco treatment utilization rates among a diverse population of low-income smokers, and to determine the cost-effectiveness of proactive tobacco treatment intervention. The proactive care intervention systematically offers low-income smokers free and easy access to evidence-based treatments and has two primary components: (1) proactive outreach to current smokers in the form of mailed invitation materials and telephone calls containing targeted health messages, and (2) facilitated access to free, comprehensive, evidence-based tobacco cessation treatments in the form of NRT and intensive, telephone-based behavioral counseling. The study aims to include a population-based sample (N = 2500) of adult smokers enrolled in the Minnesota Health Care Programs (MHCP), a state-funded health insurance plan for low-income persons. Baseline data is obtained from MHCP administrative databases and a participant survey that is conducted prior to randomization. Outcome data is collected from a follow-up survey conducted 12 months after randomization and MHCP administrative data. The primary outcome is six-month prolonged smoking abstinence at one year and is assessed at the population level. All randomized individuals are asked to complete the follow-up survey, regardless of whether they participated in tobacco treatment. Data analysis of the primary aims will follow intent-to-treat methodology. DISCUSSION: There is a critical need to increase access to effective tobacco dependence treatments. This randomized trial evaluates the effects of proactive outreach coupled with free NRT and telephone counseling on the population impact of tobacco dependence treatment. If proven to be effective and cost-effective, national dissemination of proactive treatment approaches would reduce tobacco-related morbidity, mortality, and health care costs for low income Americans. CLINICAL TRIALS REGISTRATION: ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT01123967.
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Book Title
Database
Publisher
Data Source
Authors
Fu,S.S., van Ryn,M., Burgess,D.J., Nelson,D., Clothier,B., Thomas,J.L., Nyman,J.A., Joseph,A.M.
Original/Translated Title
URL
Date of Electronic
20140409
PMCID
PMC3995758
Editors