WTS database

Title	Pub Year	Author	SearchLink Sort descending
Sensitization of Candida albicans biofilms to various antifungal drugs by cyclosporine A	2012	DST-FIST Sponsored School of Life Sciences, SRTM University, Nanded, India.	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Annals of clinical microbiology and antimicrobials Periodical, Abbrev. Ann.Clin.Microbiol.Antimicrob. Pub Date Free Form 4-Oct Volume 11 Issue Start Page 27 Other Pages 0711-11-27 Notes LR: 20150222; JID: 101152152; 0 (Antifungal Agents); 0 (Echinocandins); 0 (Pyrimidines); 0 (Triazoles); 1400-61-9 (Nystatin); 7XU7A7DROE (Amphotericin B); 83HN0GTJ6D (Cyclosporine); 8VZV102JFY (Fluconazole); F0XDI6ZL63 (caspofungin); JFU09I87TR (Voriconaz Place of Publication England ISSN/ISBN 1476-0711; 1476-0711 Accession Number PMID: 23035934 Language eng SubFile Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; IM DOI 10.1186/1476-0711-11-27 [doi] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 23035934 Abstract BACKGROUND: Biofilms formed by Candida albicans are resistant towards most of the available antifungal drugs. Therefore, infections associated with Candida biofilms are considered as a threat to immunocompromised patients. Combinatorial drug therapy may be a good strategy to combat C. albicans biofilms. METHODS: Combinations of five antifungal drugs- fluconazole (FLC), voriconazole (VOR), caspofungin (CSP), amphotericin B (AmB) and nystatin (NYT) with cyclosporine A (CSA) were tested in vitro against planktonic and biofilm growth of C. albicans. Standard broth micro dilution method was used to study planktonic growth, while biofilms were studied in an in vitro biofilm model. A chequerboard format was used to determine fractional inhibitory concentration indices (FICI) of combination effects. Biofilm growth was analyzed using XTT-metabolic assay. RESULTS: MICs of various antifungal drugs for planktonic growth of C. albicans were lowered in combination with CSA by 2 to 16 fold. Activity against biofilm development with FIC indices of 0.26, 0.28, 0.31 and 0.25 indicated synergistic interactions between FLC-CSA, VOR-CSA, CSP-CSA and AmB-CSA, respectively. Increase in efficacy of the drugs FLC, VOR and CSP against mature biofilms after addition of 62.5 mug/ml of CSA was evident with FIC indices 0.06, 0.14 and 0.37, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: The combinations with CSA resulted in increased susceptibility of biofilms to antifungal drugs. Combination of antifungal drugs with CSA would be an effective prophylactic and therapeutic strategy against biofilm associated C. albicans infections. Descriptors Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Shinde,R.B., Chauhan,N.M., Raut,J.S., Karuppayil,S.M. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic 20121004 PMCID PMC3508915 Editors
A review of demineralized bone matrices for spinal fusion: the evidence for efficacy	2013	Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA. baghdasi@ucla.edu	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full The surgeon : journal of the Royal Colleges of Surgeons of Edinburgh and Ireland Periodical, Abbrev. Surgeon Pub Date Free Form Feb Volume 11 Issue 1 Start Page 39 Other Pages 48 Notes CI: Copyright (c) 2012 Royal College of Surgeons of Edinburgh (Scottish charity number SC005317; JID: 101168329; 2012/03/20 [received]; 2012/06/11 [revised]; 2012/08/24 [accepted]; 2012/10/04 [aheadofprint]; ppublish Place of Publication Scotland ISSN/ISBN 1479-666X; 1479-666X Accession Number PMID: 23040457 Language eng SubFile Journal Article; Review; IM DOI 10.1016/j.surge.2012.08.001 [doi] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 23040457 Abstract BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Autologous Iliac Crest Bone Grafting (ICBG) is considered the gold-standard graft choice for spinal arthrodesis; however, it is associated with donor site morbidity and a limited graft supply. Bone graft alternatives to replace autograft and augment arthrodesis are a topic of ongoing research. This article will review properties of Demineralized Bone Matrix (DBM) and review the evidence for its use, including animal models and human clinical trials. METHODS: A systematic and critical review of the English-language literature was conducted on Pubmed, Cochrane, CINAHL, and Google Scholar using search key terms such as 'Demineralized Bone Matrix', 'Spine' and 'Fusion'. Papers that were included were original research articles in peer-reviewed journals that investigated fusion outcomes. Scientific validity of articles was appraised using the PRISMA methodology. Articles were critically examined and compared according to study design, DBM type, outcomes, and results. Primary outcome of interest was fusion rate. Secondary outcomes included Oswestry Disability Index; Short Form-36 survey; Odom's criteria; Visual Analog Scale neurologic pain score; Japanese Orthopedic Association myelopathy score; Neck Disability and Ishihara Curvature Indices; and pseudarthrosis and surgical failure rates. RESULTS: Demineralized Bone Matrix has been evaluated in animal models and human clinical trials of spine fusion. Results of animal studies indicate variation in performance within and among DBM products. The majority of human clinical trials report high fusion rates when DBM is employed as a graft extender or a graft enhancer. Few prospective randomized controlled trials have been performed comparing DBM to autologous iliac crest bone graft in spine fusion. CONCLUSIONS: Although many animal and human studies demonstrate comparable efficacy of DBM when combined with autograft or compared to autograft alone, additional high level of evidence studies are required to clearly define the indications for its use in spine fusion surgeries and the appropriate patient population that will benefit from DBM. Descriptors Links Book Title Database Publisher ) and Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland. Published by Elsevier Ltd Data Source Authors Aghdasi,B., Montgomery,S.R., Daubs,M.D., Wang,J.C. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic 20121004 PMCID Editors
Ground-level ozone differentially affects nitrogen acquisition and allocation in mature European beech (Fagus sylvatica) and Norway spruce (Picea abies) trees	2012	Ecophysiology of Plants, Department of Ecology and Ecosystem Management, Technische Universitat Munchen, 85354 Freising, Germany. weigt@wzw.tum.de	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Tree physiology Periodical, Abbrev. Tree Physiol. Pub Date Free Form Oct Volume 32 Issue 10 Start Page 1259 Other Pages 1273 Notes LR: 20131121; JID: 100955338; 0 (Nitrogen Isotopes); 0 (Soil); 059QF0KO0R (Water); 66H7ZZK23N (Ozone); N762921K75 (Nitrogen); 2012/10/05 [aheadofprint]; ppublish Place of Publication Canada ISSN/ISBN 1758-4469; 0829-318X Accession Number PMID: 23042769 Language eng SubFile Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; IM DOI 10.1093/treephys/tps087 [doi] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 23042769 Abstract Impacts of elevated ground-level ozone (O(3)) on nitrogen (N) uptake and allocation were studied on mature European beech (Fagus sylvatica L.) and Norway spruce (Picea abies [L.] Karst.) in a forest stand, hypothesizing that: (i) chronically elevated O(3) limits nutrient uptake, and (ii) beech responds more sensitively to elevated O(3) than spruce, as previously found for juvenile trees. Tree canopies were exposed to twice-ambient O(3) concentrations (2 x O(3)) by a free-air fumigation system, with trees under ambient O(3) serving as control. After 5 years of O(3) fumigation, (15)NH(4)(15)NO(3) was applied to soil, and concentrations of newly acquired N (N(labelled)) and total N (N(total)) in plant compartments and soil measured. Under 2 x O(3), N(labelled) and N(total) were increased in the bulk soil and tended to be lower in fine and coarse roots of both species across the soil horizons, supporting hypothesis (i). N(labelled) was reduced in beech foliage by up to 60%, and by up to 50% in buds under 2 x O(3). Similarly, N(labelled) in stem bark and phloem was reduced. No such reduction was observed in spruce, reflecting a stronger effect on N acquisition in beech in accordance with hypothesis (ii). In spruce, 2 x O(3) tended to favour allocation of new N to foliage. N(labelled) in beech foliage correlated with cumulative seasonal transpiration, indicating impaired N acquisition was probably caused by reduced stomatal conductance and, hence, water transport under elevated O(3). Stimulated fine root growth under 2 x O(3) with a possible increase of below-ground N sink strength may also have accounted for lowered N allocation to above-ground organs. Reduced N uptake and altered allocation may enhance the use of stored N for growth, possibly affecting long-term stand nutrition. Descriptors Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Weigt,R.B., Haberle,K.H., Millard,P., Metzger,U., Ritter,W., Blaschke,H., Gottlein,A., Matyssek,R. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic 20121005 PMCID Editors
Effect of disinfectant, water age, and pipe material on occurrence and persistence of Legionella, mycobacteria, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and two amoebas	2012	Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061, USA.	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Environmental science & technology Periodical, Abbrev. Environ.Sci.Technol. Pub Date Free Form 6-Nov Volume 46 Issue 21 Start Page 11566 Other Pages 11574 Notes LR: 20131121; JID: 0213155; 0 (Chloramines); 0 (Disinfectants); 0 (Drinking Water); 0 (RNA, Bacterial); 0 (RNA, Ribosomal, 16S); 0 (Water Pollutants); 10599-90-3 (chloramine); 4R7X1O2820 (Chlorine); 9002-86-2 (Polyvinyl Chloride); E1UOL152H7 (Iron); 2012/ Place of Publication United States ISSN/ISBN 1520-5851; 0013-936X Accession Number PMID: 23046164 Language eng SubFile Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.; IM DOI 10.1021/es303212a [doi] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 23046164 Abstract Opportunistic pathogens represent a unique challenge because they establish and grow within drinking water systems, yet the factors stimulating their proliferation are largely unknown. The purpose of this study was to examine the influence of pipe materials, disinfectant type, and water age on occurrence and persistence of three opportunistic pathogens (Legionella pneumophila, Mycobacterium avium, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa), broader genera (Legionella and mycobacteria), and two amoeba hosts (Acanthamoeba spp. and Hartmanella vermiformis). Triplicate simulated distribution systems (SDSs) compared iron, cement, and PVC pipe materials fed either chlorinated or chloraminated tap water and were sampled at water ages ranging from 1 day to 5.7 days. Quantitative polymerase chain reaction quantified gene copies of target microorganisms in both biofilm and bulk water. Legionella, mycobacteria, P. aeruginosa, and both amoebas naturally colonized the six SDSs, but L. pneumophila and M. avium were not detected. Disinfectant type and dose was observed to have the strongest influence on the microbiota. Disinfectant decay was noted with water age, particularly in chloraminated SDSs (due to nitrification), generally resulting in increased microbial detection frequencies and densities with water age. The influence of pipe material became apparent at water ages corresponding to low disinfectant residual. Each target microbe appeared to display a distinct response to disinfectant type, pipe materials, water age, and their interactions. Differences between the first and the second samplings (e.g., appearance of Legionella, reduction in P. aeruginosa and Acanthamoeba) suggest a temporally dynamic drinking water microbial community. Descriptors Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Wang,H., Masters,S., Hong,Y., Stallings,J., Falkinham,J.O.,3rd, Edwards,M.A., Pruden,A. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic 20121025 PMCID Editors
Effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of computer and other electronic aids for smoking cessation: a systematic review and network meta-analysis	2012	School of Health and Population Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK.	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Health technology assessment (Winchester, England) Periodical, Abbrev. Health Technol.Assess. Pub Date Free Form Volume 16 Issue 38 Start Page 1 Other Pages 205, iii-v Notes LR: 20150203; GR: 08/60/01/Department of Health/United Kingdom; GR: G0800800/Medical Research Council/United Kingdom; GR: G0802413/Medical Research Council/United Kingdom; GR: HTA/08/60/01/Department of Health/United Kingdom; JID: 9706284; ppublish Place of Publication England ISSN/ISBN 2046-4924; 1366-5278 Accession Number PMID: 23046909 Language eng SubFile Journal Article; Meta-Analysis; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; Review; IM DOI 10.3310/hta16380 [doi] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 23046909 Abstract BACKGROUND: Smoking is harmful to health. On average, lifelong smokers lose 10 years of life, and about half of all lifelong smokers have their lives shortened by smoking. Stopping smoking reverses or prevents many of these harms. However, cessation services in the NHS achieve variable success rates with smokers who want to quit. Approaches to behaviour change can be supplemented with electronic aids, and this may significantly increase quit rates and prevent a proportion of cases that relapse. OBJECTIVE: The primary research question we sought to answer was: What is the effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of internet, pc and other electronic aids to help people stop smoking? We addressed the following three questions: (1) What is the effectiveness of internet sites, computer programs, mobile telephone text messages and other electronic aids for smoking cessation and/or reducing relapse? (2) What is the cost-effectiveness of incorporating internet sites, computer programs, mobile telephone text messages and other electronic aids into current nhs smoking cessation programmes? and (3) What are the current gaps in research into the effectiveness of internet sites, computer programs, mobile telephone text messages and other electronic aids to help people stop smoking? DATA SOURCES: For the effectiveness review, relevant primary studies were sought from The Cochrane Library [Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL)] 2009, Issue 4, and MEDLINE (Ovid), EMBASE (Ovid), PsycINFO (Ovid), Health Management Information Consortium (HMIC) (Ovid) and Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL) (EBSCOhost) from 1980 to December 2009. In addition, NHS Economic Evaluation Database (NHS EED) and Database of Abstracts of Reviews of Effects (DARE) were searched for information on cost-effectiveness and modelling for the same period. Reference lists of included studies and of relevant systematic reviews were examined to identify further potentially relevant studies. Research registries of ongoing studies including National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Clinical Research Network Portfolio Database, Current Controlled Trials and ClinicalTrials.gov were also searched, and further information was sought from contacts with experts. REVIEW METHODS: Randomised controlled trials (RCTs) and quasi-RCTs evaluating smoking cessation programmes that utilise computer, internet, mobile telephone or other electronic aids in adult smokers were included in the effectiveness review. Relevant studies of other design were included in the cost-effectiveness review and supplementary review. Pair-wise meta-analyses using both random- and fixed-effects models were carried out. Bayesian mixed-treatment comparisons (MTCs) were also performed. A de novo decision-analytical model was constructed for estimating the cost-effectiveness of interventions. Expected value of perfect information (EVPI) was calculated. Narrative synthesis of key themes and issues that may influence the acceptability and usability of electronic aids was provided in the supplementary review. RESULTS: This effectiveness review included 60 RCTs/quasi-RCTs reported in 77 publications. Pooled estimate for prolonged abstinence [relative risk (RR) = 1.32, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.21 to 1.45] and point prevalence abstinence (RR = 1.14, 95% CI 1.07 to 1.22) suggested that computer and other electronic aids increase the likelihood of cessation compared with no intervention or generic self-help materials. There was no significant difference in effect sizes between aid to cessation studies (which provide support to smokers who are ready to quit) and cessation induction studies (which attempt to encourage a cessation attempt in smokers who are not yet ready to quit). Results from MTC also showed small but significant intervention effect (time to relapse, mean hazard ratio 0.87, 95% credible interval 0.83 to 0.92). Cost-threshold analyses indicated some form of elect Descriptors Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Chen,Y.F., Madan,J., Welton,N., Yahaya,I., Aveyard,P., Bauld,L., Wang,D., Fry-Smith,A., Munafo,M.R. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic PMCID Editors
Analysing compliance of cigarette packaging with the FCTC and national legislation in eight former Soviet countries	2013	European Centre on Health of Societies in Transition, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, 15-17 Tavistock Place, London, UK.	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Tobacco control Periodical, Abbrev. Tob.Control Pub Date Free Form Jul Volume 22 Issue 4 Start Page 231 Other Pages 234 Notes JID: 9209612; OTO: NOTNLM; 2012/10/09 [aheadofprint]; ppublish Place of Publication England ISSN/ISBN 1468-3318; 0964-4563 Accession Number PMID: 23047889 Language eng SubFile Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; IM DOI 10.1136/tobaccocontrol-2012-050567 [doi] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 23047889 Abstract AIM: To analyse compliance of cigarette packets with the Framework Convention on Tobacco Control (FCTC) and national legislation and the policy actions that are required in eight former Soviet Union countries. METHODS: We obtained cigarette packets of each of the 10 most smoked cigarette brands in Armenia, Azerbaijan, Belarus, Georgia, Kazakhstan, Moldova, Russia and Ukraine. The packets were then analysed using a standardised data collection instrument. The analysis included the placing, size and content of health warning labels and deceptive labels (eg, 'Lights'). Findings were assessed for compliance with the FCTC and national legislation. RESULTS: Health warnings were on all packets from all countries and met the FCTC minimum recommendations on size and position except Azerbaijan and Georgia. All countries used a variety of warnings except Azerbaijan. No country had pictorial health warnings, despite them being mandatory in Georgia and Moldova. All of the countries had deceptive labels despite being banned in all countries except Russia and Azerbaijan where still no such legislation exists. CONCLUSIONS: Despite progress in the use of health warning messages, gaps still remain-particularly with the use of deceptive labels. Stronger surveillance and enforcement mechanisms are required to improve compliance with the FCTC and national legislation. Descriptors Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Mir,H., Roberts,B., Richardson,E., Chow,C., McKee,M. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic 20121009 PMCID Editors
Distribution of Legionella pneumophila bacteria and Naegleria and Hartmannella amoebae in thermal saline baths used in balneotherapy	2013	Department of Invertebrate Zoology, Faculty of Biology and Earth Sciences, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Torun, Poland. ezbikow@biol.uni.torun.pl	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Parasitology research Periodical, Abbrev. Parasitol.Res. Pub Date Free Form Jan Volume 112 Issue 1 Start Page 77 Other Pages 83 Notes LR: 20150222; JID: 8703571; 059QF0KO0R (Water); OID: NLM: PMC3536949; 2012/06/13 [received]; 2012/08/24 [accepted]; 2012/09/30 [aheadofprint]; ppublish Place of Publication Germany ISSN/ISBN 1432-1955; 0932-0113 Accession Number PMID: 23052757 Language eng SubFile Journal Article; IM DOI 10.1007/s00436-012-3106-4 [doi] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 23052757 Abstract The present study was aimed at investigating the coexistence and interactions between free living amoebae of Naegleria and Hartmannella genera and pathogenic Legionella pneumophila bacteria in thermal saline baths used in balneotherapy in central Poland. Water samples were collected from November 2010 to May 2011 at intervals longer than 1 month. The microorganisms were detected with the use of a very sensitive fluorescence in situ hybridisation method. In addition, the morphology of the amoebae was studied. Despite relatively high salinity level, ranging from 1.5 to 5.0 %, L. pneumophila were found in all investigated baths, although their number never exceeded 10(6) cells dm(-3). Hartmannella were not detected, while Naegleria fowleri were found in one bath. The observation that N. fowleri and L. pneumophila may coexist in thermal saline baths is the first observation emphasising potential threat from these microorganisms in balneotherapy. Descriptors Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Zbikowska,E., Walczak,M., Krawiec,A. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic 20120930 PMCID PMC3536949 Editors
Acute toxicant exposure and cardiac autonomic dysfunction from smoking a single narghile waterpipe with tobacco and with a "healthy" tobacco-free alternative	2012	Department of Psychology and Institute for Drug and Alcohol Studies, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA.	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Toxicology letters Periodical, Abbrev. Toxicol.Lett. Pub Date Free Form 23-Nov Volume 215 Issue 1 Start Page 70 Other Pages 75 Notes LR: 20151119; CI: Copyright (c) 2012; GR: F31DA028102/DA/NIDA NIH HHS/United States; GR: R01 CA120142/CA/NCI NIH HHS/United States; GR: R01 DA025659/DA/NIDA NIH HHS/United States; GR: R01CA120142/CA/NCI NIH HHS/United States; GR: R01DA025659/DA/NIDA NIH H Place of Publication Netherlands ISSN/ISBN 1879-3169; 0378-4274 Accession Number PMID: 23059956 Language eng SubFile Journal Article; Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.; IM DOI 10.1016/j.toxlet.2012.09.026 [doi] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 23059956 Abstract Tobacco smoking using a waterpipe (narghile, hookah, shisha) has become a global epidemic. Unlike cigarette smoking, little is known about the health effects of waterpipe use. One acute effect of cigarette smoke inhalation is dysfunction in autonomic regulation of the cardiac cycle, as indicated by reduction in heart rate variability (HRV). Reduced HRV is implicated in adverse cardiovascular health outcomes, and is associated with inhalation exposure-induced oxidative stress. Using a 32 participant cross-over study design, we investigated toxicant exposure and effects of waterpipe smoking on heart rate variability when, under controlled conditions, participants smoked a tobacco-based and a tobacco-free waterpipe product promoted as an alternative for "health-conscious" users. Outcome measures included HRV, exhaled breath carbon monoxide (CO), plasma nicotine, and puff topography, which were measured at times prior to, during, and after smoking. We found that waterpipe use acutely decreased HRV (p Descriptors Links Book Title Database Publisher Elsevier Ireland Ltd Data Source Authors Cobb,C.O., Sahmarani,K., Eissenberg,T., Shihadeh,A. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic 20121008 PMCID PMC3641895 Editors
Doppler bubble grades after diving and relevance of body fat	2012	Biomedical Engineering and Physics, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, The Netherlands. n.a.schellart@amc.uva.nl	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Aviation, Space, and Environmental Medicine Periodical, Abbrev. Aviat.Space Environ.Med. Pub Date Free Form Oct Volume 83 Issue 10 Start Page 951 Other Pages 957 Notes LR: 20140131; JID: 7501714; CIN: Aviat Space Environ Med. 2014 Jan;85(1):84-5. PMID: 24479268; CIN: Aviat Space Environ Med. 2014 Jan;85(1):84. PMID: 24479267; ppublish Place of Publication United States ISSN/ISBN 0095-6562; 0095-6562 Accession Number PMID: 23066616 Language eng SubFile Journal Article; IM; S DOI Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 23066616 Abstract BACKGROUND: From the literature on venous gas embolism (VGE) and decompression sickness (DCS), it remains unclear whether body fat is a predisposing factor for VGE and DCS. Therefore, this study analyses body fat (range 16-44%) in relation to precordial VGE measured by Doppler bubble grades. Also examined is the effect of age (range 34-68 yr), body mass index (BMI; range 17-34 kg x m(-2)), and a model estimate of VO2(max) (maximal oxygen uptake; range 24-54 ml x kg(-1) x min(-1)). METHODS: Bubble grades were determined in 43 recreational divers after an open sea air dive of 40 min to 20 m. Doppler bubble grade scores were transformed to the logarithm of the number of bubbles/cm2, logB, and the logarithm of the Kissman Integrated Severity Score (KISS) to allow numerical analysis. Statistical analyses were performed with Pearson's regular and partial correlations, and uni- and multivariate linear regressions. RESULTS: For divers in their midlife (and older), the analyses indicate that neither body fat nor BMI stimulate bubble formation, since correlations were nonsignificant. In contrast, age and especially VO2(max) appeared to determine VGE. For these types of dives it was found that logB = -1.1 + 0.02 age - 0.04Vo2(max). CONCLUSION: Based on these data we conclude that body fat and BMI seem less relevant for diving. We recommend that medical examinations pay more attention to VO2(max) and age, and that international dive institutions come to a consensus regarding VO2(max) criteria. Descriptors Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Schellart,N.A., Vellinga,T.P., van Dijk,F.J., Sterk,W. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic PMCID Editors
Protecting the world from secondhand tobacco smoke exposure: where do we stand and where do we go from here?	2013	Division of Public Health Sciences, Department of Surgery, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA. barnoyaj@wudosis.wustl.edu	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Nicotine & tobacco research : official journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco Periodical, Abbrev. Nicotine Tob.Res. Pub Date Free Form Apr Volume 15 Issue 4 Start Page 789 Other Pages 804 Notes LR: 20150222; GR: HHSN261201100185P/PHS HHS/United States; GR: R03CA153959/CA/NCI NIH HHS/United States; JID: 9815751; 0 (Tobacco Smoke Pollution); OID: NLM: PMC3601911; 2012/10/15 [aheadofprint]; ppublish Place of Publication England ISSN/ISBN 1469-994X; 1462-2203 Accession Number PMID: 23072872 Language eng SubFile Journal Article; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; Review; IM DOI 10.1093/ntr/nts200 [doi] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 23072872 Abstract INTRODUCTION: Article 8 of the Framework Convention on Tobacco Control mandates all signatory countries to "protect citizens from exposure to tobacco smoke in workplaces, public transport and indoor public places." Even though there has been great progress in the implementation of Article 8, still most of the world population remains exposed to secondhand smoke (SHS). In this article, we sought to summarize the research that supports Article 8, where do we stand, and current research gaps and future directions. DISCUSSION: Secondhand smoke is an established cause of heart disease and several types of cancer. Additional research is needed to reach final conclusions for diseases where evidence is only suggestive of causality. The only solution to SHS exposure in public places is banning smoking indoors. Research on the gaming industry and nightclubs, particularly in developing countries, needs to be disseminated to support their inclusion in smoke-free laws. Aside from indoor bans, additional research is needed for outdoor and multiunit housing bans and in support of measures that protect children and other vulnerable populations. The impact of smoke-free laws on other health outcomes, besides heart disease and respiratory outcomes, is another area where further research is needed. Thirdhand smoke assessment and health effects are also likely to be a topic of further research. As new tobacco products emerge, evaluating SHS exposure and effects will be vital. CONCLUSIONS: Furthering research in support of Article 8 can contribute to reach the final goal of protecting everyone from SHS exposure. Descriptors Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Barnoya,J., Navas-Acien,A. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic 20121015 PMCID PMC3601911 Editors

E-mail