WTS database

Title	Pub Year	Author	SearchLink Sort descending
Risk indicators for increased periodontal probing depth in subjects attending a public dental school in Brazil	2011	Department of Dental Clinics, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. carinabogho@hotmail.com	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Oral health & preventive dentistry Periodical, Abbrev. Oral Health.Prev.Dent. Pub Date Free Form Volume 9 Issue 3 Start Page 289 Other Pages 299 Notes JID: 101167768; ppublish Place of Publication England ISSN/ISBN 1602-1622; 1602-1622 Accession Number PMID: 22068186 Language eng SubFile Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; D; IM DOI 22338 [pii] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 22068186 Abstract PURPOSE: To assess the prevalence, extent and severity of periodontal probing depth (PD) and their association with sociodemographic and behavioural parameters in subjects attending a public dental school in Brazil. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Five hundred and fifty-nine consenting participants (18 to 77 years of age) were submitted to full-mouth periodontal clinical examination and anamnesis questionnaires. The data were analysed by multivariable models using logistic regression analyses. The dependent variables were moderate (>/= 5 mm in >/= 10% of sites) and deep (>/= 7 mm in at least one site) PD. RESULTS: The prevalence of individuals with at least one site with PD >/= 5 mm or >/= 7 mm was 69% and 54%, respectively. Mean PD ranged from 2.86 to 3.08 mm, and the mean frequency of sites with moderate and deep PD ranged from 10.74% to 14.99%, and from 4.60% to 5.36%, respectively, according to age. Multivariate analyses identified a higher risk for having PD >/= 5 in >/= 10% of sites and 7 mm in at least one site in smokers (odds ratio [OR] = 10.56 and 9.10, respectively), and the presence of >10% of sites with bleeding on probing (BOP) (OR = 6.37 to 20.91, and 6.94 to 26.19, respectively). Age 36 to 50 years (OR = 1.95) and >50 years (OR = 3.15), presence of >30% of sites with supragingival biofilm (SB) (OR = 2.80), and >/= 4 missing teeth (OR = 2.26) were risk indicators for PD >/= 7 mm in at least one site. CONCLUSION: This particular Brazilian population presented high prevalence and extent of increased periodontal probing depth. Age, smoking, BOP, SB, and tooth loss were risk indicators associated with probing depth in these individuals. Descriptors Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Silva-Boghossian,C.M., Luiz,R., Colombo,A.P. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic PMCID Editors
Identification of lactobacilli residing in chicken ceca with antagonism against Campylobacter	2011	LUNAM University, Oniris, UMR1014 Secalim, Nantes, France.	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full International microbiology : the official journal of the Spanish Society for Microbiology Periodical, Abbrev. Int.Microbiol. Pub Date Free Form Jun Volume 14 Issue 2 Start Page 103 Other Pages 110 Notes JID: 9816585; 0 (Bacteriocins); 0 (DNA, Bacterial); 0 (DNA, Ribosomal); 0 (RNA, Ribosomal, 16S); 0 (RNA, Ribosomal, 23S); ppublish Place of Publication Spain ISSN/ISBN 1618-1905; 1139-6709 Accession Number PMID: 22069154 Language eng SubFile Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; IM DOI im2306180 [pii] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 22069154 Abstract Bacteriocins produced by Lactobacillus salivarius have been recently recognized as a natural means to control Campylobacter and Salmonella in live poultry. This finding is of relevance since Campylobacter jejuni and Campylobacter coli are the predominant species isolated from poultry that are associated with human campylobacteriosis. In the present work, lactic acid bacteria (LAB) isolated from the cecum of twenty Tunisian chickens were identified and those isolates with antagonism against Campylobacter were further characterized. Following their preliminary confirmation as LAB, 150 strains were identified by combining morphological criteria, biochemical tests, and molecular methods, the latter inluding intergenic 16S- 23S PCR, specific lactobacilli PCR, and a biphasic approach. Most of the LAB isolated belonged to the genus Lactobacillus, among them Lb. sakei (33.3%), Lb. salivarius (19.4%), Lb. reuteri (8.6%), and Lb. curvatus (8.6%). The other LAB strains included those of the genus Weissella (16.7%), Enterococcus faecalis (5.3%), Leuconostoc mesenteroides (2.7%), Lactococcus graviae (2.7%), and Streptococcus sp. (2.7%). The Lactobacilli strains were tested for their antagonism against C. jejuni and C. coli. The activity of three of them, Lb. salivarius SMXD51, Lb. salivarius MMS122, and Lb. salivarius MMS151, against the aforementioned target strains could be ascribed to the production of bacteriocins. Descriptors Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Messaoudi,S., Kergourlay,G., Rossero,A., Ferchichi,M., Prevost,H., Drider,D., Manai,M., Dousset,X. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic PMCID Editors
Quitting smoking among adults--United States, 2001-2010	2011		Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full MMWR.Morbidity and mortality weekly report Periodical, Abbrev. MMWR Morb.Mortal.Wkly.Rep. Pub Date Free Form 11-Nov Volume 60 Issue 44 Start Page 1513 Other Pages 1519 Notes LR: 20120330; JID: 7802429; ppublish Place of Publication United States ISSN/ISBN 1545-861X; 0149-2195 Accession Number PMID: 22071589 Language eng SubFile Journal Article; IM DOI mm6044a2 [pii] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 22071589 Abstract Quitting smoking is beneficial to health at any age, and cigarette smokers who quit before age 35 years have mortality rates similar to those who never smoked. From 1965 to 2010, the prevalence of cigarette smoking among adults in the United States decreased from 42.4% to 19.3%, in part because of an increase in the number who quit smoking. Since 2002, the number of former U.S. smokers has exceeded the number of current smokers. Mass media campaigns, increases in the prices of tobacco products, and smoke-free policies have been shown to increase smoking cessation. In addition, brief cessation advice by health-care providers; individual, group, and telephone counseling; and cessation medications are effective cessation treatments. To determine the prevalence of 1) current interest in quitting smoking, 2) successful recent smoking cessation, 3) recent use of cessation treatments, and 4) trends in quit attempts over a 10-year period, CDC analyzed data from the 2001--2010 National Health Interview Surveys (NHIS). This report summarizes the results of that analysis, which found that, in 2010, 68.8% of adult smokers wanted to stop smoking, 52.4% had made a quit attempt in the past year, 6.2% had recently quit, 48.3% had been advised by a health professional to quit, and 31.7% had used counseling and/or medications when they tried to quit. The prevalence of quit attempts increased during 2001--2010 among smokers aged 25--64 years, but not among other age groups. Health-care providers should identify smokers and offer them brief cessation advice at each visit; counseling and medication should be offered to patients willing to make a quit attempt. Descriptors Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic PMCID Editors
Quit attempt correlates among smokers by race/ethnicity	2011	Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, Office on Smoking and Health, 4770 Buford Highway, Atlanta, GA 30341, USA. jkahende@cdc.gov	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full International journal of environmental research and public health Periodical, Abbrev. Int.J.Environ.Res.Public.Health. Pub Date Free Form Oct Volume 8 Issue 10 Start Page 3871 Other Pages 3888 Notes LR: 20151119; JID: 101238455; OID: NLM: PMC3210587; OTO: NOTNLM; 2011/08/31 [received]; 2011/09/23 [accepted]; 2011/09/28 [epublish]; ppublish Place of Publication Switzerland ISSN/ISBN 1660-4601; 1660-4601 Accession Number PMID: 22073018 Language eng SubFile Journal Article; IM DOI 10.3390/ijerph8103871 [doi] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 22073018 Abstract INTRODUCTION: Cigarette smoking is the leading preventable cause of premature deaths in the U.S., accounting for approximately 443,000 deaths annually. Although smoking prevalence in recent decades has declined substantially among all racial/ethnic groups, disparities in smoking-related behaviors among racial/ethnic groups continue to exist. Two of the goals of Healthy People 2020 are to reduce smoking prevalence among adults to 12% or less and to increase smoking cessation attempts by adult smokers from 41% to 80%. Our study assesses whether correlates of quit attempts vary by race/ethnicity among adult (>/= 18 years) smokers in the U.S. Understanding racial/ethnic differences in how both internal and external factors affect quit attempts is important for targeting smoking-cessation interventions to decrease tobacco-use disparities. METHODS: We used 2003 Tobacco Use Supplement to the Current Population Survey (CPS) data from 16,213 adults to examine whether the relationship between demographic characteristics, smoking behaviors, smoking policies and having made a quit attempt in the past year varied by race/ethnicity. RESULTS: Hispanics and persons of multiple races were more likely to have made a quit attempt than whites. Overall, younger individuals and those with >high school education, who smoked fewer cigarettes per day and had smoked for fewer years were more likely to have made a quit attempt. Having a smoke-free home, receiving a doctor's advice to quit, smoking menthol cigarettes and having a greater time to when you smoked your first cigarette of the day were also associated with having made a quit attempt. The relationship between these four variables and quit attempts varied by race/ethnicity; most notably receiving a doctor's advice was not related to quit attempts among Asian American/Pacific Islanders and menthol use among whites was associated with a lower prevalence of quit attempts while black menthol users were more likely to have made a quit attempt than white non-menthol users. CONCLUSIONS: Most correlates of quit attempts were similar across all racial/ethnic groups. Therefore population-based comprehensive tobacco control programs that increase quit attempts and successful cessation among all racial/ethnic groups should be continued and expanded. Additional strategies may be needed to encourage quit attempts among less educated, older, and more addicted smokers. Descriptors Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Kahende,J.W., Malarcher,A.M., Teplinskaya,A., Asman,K.J. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic 20110928 PMCID PMC3210587 Editors
In vitro biofilm formation and relationship with antifungal resistance of Candida spp. isolated from vaginal and intrauterine device string samples of women with vaginal complaints	2011	Kocaeli University Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Microbiology, Kocaeli, Turkey.	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Mikrobiyoloji bulteni Periodical, Abbrev. Mikrobiyol.Bul. Pub Date Free Form Oct Volume 45 Issue 4 Start Page 697 Other Pages 706 Notes LR: 20131121; JID: 7503830; 0 (Antifungal Agents); 304NUG5GF4 (Itraconazole); 7XU7A7DROE (Amphotericin B); 8VZV102JFY (Fluconazole); ppublish Place of Publication Turkey ISSN/ISBN 0374-9096; 0374-9096 Accession Number PMID: 22090300 Language tur SubFile English Abstract; Journal Article; IM DOI Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 22090300 Abstract Intrauterin device (IUD) application is a widely used effective, safe and economic method for family planning. However IUD use may cause certain changes in vaginal ecosystem and may disturb microflora leading to increased colonization of various opportunistic pathogen microorganisms. The aims of this study were (i) to detect the biofilm production characteristics of Candida spp. isolated from vaginal and IUD string samples of women with IUDs, and (ii) to investigate the relationship between biofilm production and antifungal resistance. A total of 250 women (mean age: 34.4 +/- 7.6 years) admitted to gynecology outpatient clinics with vaginal symptoms (discharge and itching) were included in the study. The patients have been implanted CuT380a type IUDs for a mean duration of 59.8 +/- 42.4 months. Without removing IUD, string samples were obtained by cutting and simultaneous vaginal swab samples were also collected. Isolated Candida spp. were identified by conventional methods and API 20C AUX (BioMerieux, Fransa) system. Minimal inhibitory concentrations (MIC) of fluconazole, itraconazole and amphotericin B were determined by broth microdilution method according to the CLSI guidelines. Biofilm formation was evaluated by crystal violet staining and XTT-reduction assays, and the isolates which yielded positive results in both of the methods were accepted as biofilm-producers. In the study, Candida spp. were isolated from 33.2% (83/250) of the vaginal and 34% (85/250) of the IUD string samples, C.albicans being the most frequently detected species (54 and 66 strains for the samples, respectively). The total in vitro biofilm formation rate was 25% (21/83) for vaginal isolates and 44.7% (38/85) for IUD string isolates. Biofilm formation rate of vaginal C.albicans isolates was significantly lower than vaginal non-albicans Candida spp. (14.8% and 44.8%, respectively; p= 0.003). Biofilm formation rate of C.albicans strains isolated from vaginal and IUD string samples were found as 14.8% (8/54) and 45.5% (30/66), with a statistically significant importance (p 0.05]. Fluconazole resistance was significantly higher in biofilm-producing vaginal Candida spp. than those of nonproducers (52.4% vs. 16.1%; p= 0.001), however, itraconazole resistance was found similar in biofilmproducer and non-producer isolates (47.6% vs. 32.3%; p> 0.05). Resistance rates for both fluconazole and itraconazole were higher in biofilm-producers (39.5% and 52.6%, respectively), than those of non-producers (10.6% and 29.8%, respectively), representing a statistical significance (p= 0.002 and p= 0.03, respectively) for Candida spp. strains isolated from IUD string samples. The overall resistance rates of C.albicans and non-albicans Candida spp. against fluconazole, were determined as 15% and 54.2%, respectively, while those rates were 24.2% and 68.7%, respectively, against itraconazole. MIC value of amphotericin B for all of the Candida spp. isolates was = 1.5 microg/ml. In conclusion, the data obtained from this study revealed that Candida spp. May lead to vaginal infections by inducing biofilm formation in IUD strings and these biofilms may be related to resistance to antifungal agents. Thus, women using IUDs should be followed-up periodically for the development of biofilms in their IUD strings. Descriptors Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Caliskan,S., Keceli Ozcan,S., Cinar,S., Corakci,A., Caliskan,E. Original/Translated Title Vajinal Yakinmasi Olan Kadinlarin Vajen ve Rahim Ici Arac Ipi Orneklerinden Izole Edilen Candida Turlerinin In Vitro Biyofilm Olusturma Ozellikleri ve Antifungal Direnc ile Iliskisi URL Date of Electronic PMCID Editors
Development of liquid phase microextraction based on manual shaking and ultrasound-assisted emulsification method for analysis of organochlorine pesticides in aqueous samples	2011	Department of Chemistry, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan.	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Journal of chromatography.A Periodical, Abbrev. J.Chromatogr.A Pub Date Free Form 23-Dec Volume 1218 Issue 51 Start Page 9142 Other Pages 9148 Notes LR: 20151119; CI: Copyright (c) 2011; JID: 9318488; 0 (Emulsions); 0 (Fatty Alcohols); 0 (Hydrocarbons, Chlorinated); 0 (Pesticides); 0 (Water Pollutants, Chemical); 451W47IQ8X (Sodium Chloride); 89V4LX791F (n-decyl alcohol); 2011/09/28 [received]; 2011/1 Place of Publication Netherlands ISSN/ISBN 1873-3778; 0021-9673 Accession Number PMID: 22099225 Language eng SubFile Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; IM DOI 10.1016/j.chroma.2011.10.084 [doi] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 22099225 Abstract A novel method using sample preparation method, "ultrasound-assisted emulsification microextraction" (USAEME) with manual shaking, coupled with gas chromatography using and an electron capture detector (GC-ECD) was developed for the analysis of organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) in aqueous samples. The apparatus is simple and easy to operate. After manual shaking for 10s, ultrasound was used to accelerate emulsification of the organic solvent (1-decanol) in aqueous solution. Only 10 muL of the low-toxicity extraction solvent is used in this method; no dispersive solvent is required and the total extraction time is approximately 4 min. Manual shaking before ultrasound-assisted emulsification enhances the extraction efficiency by >100%. The effects of horizontal and vertical orientation as well as the location of the sample within the ultrasonic bath were studied. After centrifugation, we used an improved solvent collection system (ISCS) to reduce the amount of extraction solvent required. A 1 muL sample of the extract was injected into the GC column. Under optimum conditions, the linear range of the method is 5-2500 ngL(-1) for most of the OCPs, and the limit of detection of the method ranged from 0.6 to 2.9 ngL(-1).The relative recoveries ranged from 75 to 107% for sea water and from 70 to 99% for field fresh water. The method, which provides good enrichment factors, low LODs and minimization of the consumption of organic solvent, provides a rapid, simple and environment-friendly procedure for determining OCPs in aqueous samples. Descriptors Links Book Title Database Publisher Elsevier B.V Data Source Authors Wei,S.Y., Leong,M.I., Li,Y., Huang,S.D. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic 20111103 PMCID Editors
Development of multiwalled carbon nanotubes based micro-solid-phase extraction for the determination of trace levels of sixteen polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in environmental water samples	2011	Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 3, Singapore 117543, Singapore.	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Journal of chromatography.A Periodical, Abbrev. J.Chromatogr.A Pub Date Free Form 30-Dec Volume 1218 Issue 52 Start Page 9321 Other Pages 9327 Notes CI: Copyright (c) 2011; JID: 9318488; 0 (Nanotubes, Carbon); 0 (Polycyclic Hydrocarbons, Aromatic); 0 (Water Pollutants, Chemical); 2011/06/15 [received]; 2011/10/11 [revised]; 2011/10/28 [accepted]; 2011/11/03 [aheadofprint]; ppublish Place of Publication Netherlands ISSN/ISBN 1873-3778; 0021-9673 Accession Number PMID: 22099227 Language eng SubFile Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; IM DOI 10.1016/j.chroma.2011.10.066 [doi] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 22099227 Abstract Micro-solid-phase extraction (mu-SPE) was developed for the determination of trace level of 16 United States Environmental Protection Agency priority polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in river water samples with gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). In the mu-SPE device, multiwalled carbon nanotubes was employed as sorbent and was packed inside an porous polypropylene membrane "envelope" whose edges were heat-sealed to secure the contents. The mu-SPE device was placed in a stirred sample solution to extract the analytes. The porous polypropylene membrane envelope in mu-SPE device acts as a filter to exclude potential interferences, such as eliminating or reducing the influence of particles that are bigger than the pore size. After extraction, analyte desorption was carried out with a suitable organic solvent under ultrasonication. Important extraction parameters were optimized in detail, including the selection and amount of sorbent materials, the extraction temperature and extraction time, desorption solvent and desorption time, amount of organic modifier, agitation speed and sample ionic strength. Under the developed extraction conditions, the proposed method provided good linearity in the range of 0.1-50 mug/L, low limits of detection (4.2-46.5 ng/L), and good repeatability of the extractions (relative standard deviations, Descriptors Links Book Title Database Publisher Elsevier B.V Data Source Authors Guo,L., Lee,H.K. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic 20111103 PMCID Editors
Association of six-minute walk distance (6MWD) with resting pulmonary function in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)	2011	Department of Respiratory Medicine, Osaka City University, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan. pattypoti@hotmail.com	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Osaka city medical journal Periodical, Abbrev. Osaka City Med.J. Pub Date Free Form Jun Volume 57 Issue 1 Start Page 21 Other Pages 29 Notes JID: 0376413; ppublish Place of Publication Japan ISSN/ISBN 0030-6096; 0030-6096 Accession Number PMID: 22106764 Language eng SubFile Journal Article; IM DOI Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 22106764 Abstract BACKGROUND: The six-minute walk test (6MWT) is widely used for integrated assessment of patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). However, little is known concerning which resting pulmonary function test measurements relate to six-minute walk distance (6MWD). METHODS: We retrospectively analyzed consecutive data of spirometry, lung volume analysis, and measurements of diffusing capacity of the lung for carbon monoxide (DLCO) and 6MWT from total of one-hundred and thirty patients with COPD. Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed to examine the relationships between 6MWD and variables. RESULTS: By linear regression analysis, 6MWD was significantly associated with age, weight, BMI, FEV1.0, FEV1.0 (% predicted), IC, TLC, IC/TLC, FEF25-75, DLCO (% predicted), and DLCO/VA. Stepwise multiple regression analysis revealed that age (r2 = 0.173; p Descriptors Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Fujimoto,H., Asai,K., Watanabe,T., Kanazawa,H., Hirata,K. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic PMCID Editors
Detailed esophageal function and morphological analysis shows high prevalence of gastroesophageal reflux disease and Barrett's esophagus in patients with cervical inlet patch	2012	First Department of Medicine, Albert Szent-Gyorgyi Medical Centre, University of Szeged, Szeged State Health Centre, Budapest, Hungary. air@in1st.szote.u-szeged.hu	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Diseases of the esophagus : official journal of the International Society for Diseases of the Esophagus / I.S.D.E Periodical, Abbrev. Dis.Esophagus Pub Date Free Form Aug Volume 25 Issue 6 Start Page 498 Other Pages 504 Notes CI: (c) 2011 Copyright the Authors. Journal compilation (c) 2011; JID: 8809160; 2011/11/22 [aheadofprint]; ppublish Place of Publication Australia ISSN/ISBN 1442-2050; 1120-8694 Accession Number PMID: 22107367 Language eng SubFile Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; IM DOI 10.1111/j.1442-2050.2011.01281.x [doi] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 22107367 Abstract Although the pathogenesis of cervical inlet patch (CIP) is not fully understood, most authors consider it as a congenital abnormality, whereas others surmise it to be related to gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD). We aimed to evaluate esophageal function and the prevalence of GERD and Barrett's esophagus in patients with CIP. GERD is defined by the presence of erosive esophagitis or an abnormal pH monitoring. Seventy-one consecutive patients with endoscopic and histological evidence of CIP were prospectively evaluated. Esophageal symptom analysis, 24-hour simultaneous biliary reflux and double-channel pH-monitoring, and esophageal manometry were carried out in 65/71 (92%) patients and in 25 matched controls. Six patients were not suitable for testing and were, therefore, excluded. The histological evaluation of the heterotopic islands showed cardia and/or oxyntic mucosa in 64/65 (98%) patients and specialized intestinal metaplasia (SIM) in one patient (2%). The cardia and/or oxyntic mucosa was accompanied by focally appearing pancreatic acinar metaplasia and pancreatic ductal metaplasia in 7/64 (11%) and in 1/64 (2%), superficial mucous glands in 6/64 (9%), and SIM in 2/64 (3%) cases. In total, SIM was present in three patients (5%), and one of them had low-grade dysplasia. At the gastroesophageal junction, 28 (43%) patients had columnar metaplasia, including nine (14%) patients with SIM. Erosive esophagitis was present in 37 (57%) cases. Thirty-two patients (49%) had abnormal acid reflux in the distal and 25 (38%) in the proximal esophagus. Abnormal biliary reflux was present in 25 (38%) cases. On the basis of endoscopic and pH studies, GERD was established in 44/65 (68%) patients. Typical reflux symptoms were common (33/65, 51%). The combined 24-hour biliary and double-channel pH-monitoring detected significantly more significant acidic reflux at both measurement points and significantly longer bile exposure time in the distal esophagus in patients with CIP. Acid secretion in the CIP was detected in three (5%) cases. Esophageal manometry revealed decreased LES pressure and prolonged relaxation with decreased peristaltic wave amplitude, and an increased number of simultaneous contractions in the esophageal body. The detailed evaluation of the esophageal morphology and function in subjects with CIP showed a high prevalence of GERD and Barrett's esophagus. Further studies are needed to evaluate whether combined acidic and biliary reflux is able to promote similar histomorphological changes in the CIP, as it is shown distally in patients with Barrett's esophagus. Descriptors Links Book Title Database Publisher Wiley Periodicals, Inc. and the International Society for Diseases of the Esophagus Data Source Authors Rosztoczy,A., Izbeki,F., Nemeth,I.B., Dulic,S., Vadaszi,K., Roka,R., Gecse,K., Gyokeres,T., Lazar,G., Tiszlavicz,L., Wittmann,T. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic 20111122 PMCID Editors
Young adults' perceptions about established and emerging tobacco products: results from eight focus groups	2012	Division of Behavior Science & Health Education, Saint Louis University School of Public Health, 3545 Lafayette Avenue, Saint Louis, MO 63104, USA. wray@slu.edu	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Nicotine & tobacco research : official journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco Periodical, Abbrev. Nicotine Tob.Res. Pub Date Free Form Feb Volume 14 Issue 2 Start Page 184 Other Pages 190 Notes GR: USPHS 5U48DP0000605/DP/NCCDPHP CDC HHS/United States; JID: 9815751; 2011/11/22 [aheadofprint]; ppublish Place of Publication England ISSN/ISBN 1469-994X; 1462-2203 Accession Number PMID: 22110049 Language eng SubFile Journal Article; Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.; IM DOI 10.1093/ntr/ntr168 [doi] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 22110049 Abstract INTRODUCTION: In order to sustain their market, tobacco producers target young adults through novel product design and marketing strategies. Public health professionals need to understand young adults' risks perceptions about and use of new tobacco products to best inform tobacco control interventions. METHODS: In 2009, researchers conducted 8 focus groups with 67 young adults stratified by self-reported tobacco use and nonuse, residence in rural and urban areas, and living in a state with or without a statewide smoking restriction policy. Participants provided feedback about their knowledge and risk perceptions about and use of tobacco products and marketing. RESULTS: Participants reported a high level of familiarity with a wide range of novel tobacco products. A great deal of confusion and disagreement appeared with regard to absolute and relative risk of different tobacco products. Participants readily discussed using smokeless tobacco products as alternatives to smoking when smoking is prohibited. Fewer differences in tobacco-related knowledge risk perceptions and use were found between urban and rural participants and those in smoke-free policy and nonpolicy states than between user and nonuser groups. Both users and nonusers were familiar with and skeptical about tobacco marketing and prevention efforts. CONCLUSIONS: Young adults are familiar with many tobacco products, but they convey little understanding of relative risks of new or trendy tobacco products, such as snus or hookah. Mindful of industry innovation, tobacco control advocates must continuously update prevention efforts, seeking new strategies to limit promotion, marketing, and use of new and conventional products. Descriptors Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Wray,R.J., Jupka,K., Berman,S., Zellin,S., Vijaykumar,S. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic 20111122 PMCID Editors

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