WTS database

Title	Pub Year	Author	SearchLink Sort descending
Additive antifungal activity of anidulafungin and human neutrophils against Candida parapsilosis biofilms	2011	Laboratory of Infectious Diseases, 3rd Department of Pediatrics, Aristotle University, Hippokration Hospital, 54642 Thessaloniki, Greece.	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full The Journal of antimicrobial chemotherapy Periodical, Abbrev. J.Antimicrob.Chemother. Pub Date Free Form Mar Volume 66 Issue 3 Start Page 588 Other Pages 591 Notes LR: 20130527; JID: 7513617; 0 (Antifungal Agents); 0 (Echinocandins); 0 (Tetrazolium Salts); 0 (Triazoles); 117038-70-7 (2,3-bis(2-methoxy-4-nitro-5-sulfophenyl)-5-((phenylamino)carbonyl)-2H-tetrazoliu m hydroxide); 9HLM53094I (anidulafungin); 2010/12/07 Place of Publication England ISSN/ISBN 1460-2091; 0305-7453 Accession Number PMID: 21138910 Language eng SubFile Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; IM DOI 10.1093/jac/dkq466 [doi] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 21138910 Abstract OBJECTIVES: To investigate the activities of two newer triazoles and two echinocandins combined with human phagocytes against Candida parapsilosis biofilms. METHODS: An in vitro model of C. parapsilosis biofilms was used. Biofilms were grown on silicone elastomer discs in 96-well plates at 37 degrees C for 72 h. Biofilms or planktonic cells were incubated with voriconazole, posaconazole, caspofungin or anidulafungin, at clinically relevant concentrations, and human phagocytes (neutrophils or monocytes) alone or in combination with each of the antifungal agents for a further 22 h. Fungal damage induced by antifungal agents and/or phagocytes was determined by XTT [2,3-bis(2-methoxy-4-nitro-5-sulfophenyl)2H-tetrazolium-5-carboxanilide] metabolic assay. RESULTS: Each of the antifungal agents alone and in combination with human phagocytes induced less damage against C. parapsilosis biofilms compared with planktonic cells. No antagonistic interactions between antifungal agents and phagocytes were found. Furthermore, anidulafungin, but not caspofungin, and neutrophils exerted additive activity against C. parapsilosis biofilms. CONCLUSIONS: Besides a lack of antagonistic interactions between newer antifungal agents and phagocytes, anidulafungin exerts additive immunopharmacological activity against C. parapsilosis biofilms. Descriptors Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Katragkou,A., Chatzimoschou,A., Simitsopoulou,M., Georgiadou,E., Roilides,E. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic 20101207 PMCID Editors
Transitions between the stages of smoking in Iranian adolescents	2011	National Public Health Management Center (NPMC), Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran. poorasl@yahoo.com	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Preventive medicine Periodical, Abbrev. Prev.Med. Pub Date Free Form Feb Volume 52 Issue 2 Start Page 136 Other Pages 138 Notes LR: 20120508; CI: Copyright (c) 2010; JID: 0322116; 2010/06/09 [received]; 2010/11/24 [revised]; 2010/11/25 [accepted]; 2010/12/09 [aheadofprint]; ppublish Place of Publication United States ISSN/ISBN 1096-0260; 0091-7435 Accession Number PMID: 21145915 Language eng SubFile Comparative Study; Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; IM DOI 10.1016/j.ypmed.2010.11.024 [doi] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 21145915 Abstract OBJECTIVE: This study examined the prevalence of smoking, the rates of transitions, and predictors of transition through the three stages of smoking. METHODS: A total of 1785 high school students in Tabriz (northwest of Iran) were assessed at 2 time points with a 12-month interval in 2005 and 2006, regarding changes in smoking stages. The predictor variables were measured when the students were in the 10th grade. Logistic regression was employed to predict the different smoking stages at grade 11. RESULTS: The results showed that 14.3% (95% confidence interval, 12.3%-16.4%) and 2.8% (2.0%-4.0%) of the never smokers became experimenters and regular smokers, respectively, whereas 16.5% (12.4%-21.7%) of the experimenters became regular smokers. Among never smokers, participation in groups with at least one smoker (odds ratio, 1.24 (95% confidence interval, 1.05-1.47)), having smoker friends (1.85 (1.21-2.83)), and a positive attitude toward smoking (1.22 (1.02-1.46)) predicted smoking experience. Among the experimenters, those who had general risk behaviors (2.56 (1.12-5.87)) and participated in groups with at least one smoker (2.58 (1.26-5.31)) significantly progressed to becoming a regular smoker at the follow-up. CONCLUSION: Prevention of smoking in adolescence should begin by focusing on the predictors of transition through smoking stages, especially participating in smoker groups. Descriptors Links Book Title Database Publisher Elsevier Inc Data Source Authors Mohammadpoorasl,A., Fakhari,A., Shamsipour,M., Rostami,F., Rashidian,H. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic 20101209 PMCID Editors
Fishing effort and catch composition of urban market and rural villages in Brazilian Amazon	2011	Departmento de Ecologia, UFRGS, CP 15007, Porto Alegre, 91501-970, Brazil.	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Environmental management Periodical, Abbrev. Environ.Manage. Pub Date Free Form Feb Volume 47 Issue 2 Start Page 188 Other Pages 200 Notes JID: 7703893; 2009/03/18 [received]; 2010/11/03 [accepted]; 2010/12/12 [aheadofprint]; ppublish Place of Publication United States ISSN/ISBN 1432-1009; 0364-152X Accession Number PMID: 21153639 Language eng SubFile Comparative Study; Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; IM DOI 10.1007/s00267-010-9584-1 [doi] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 21153639 Abstract The management of small-scale freshwater fisheries in Amazon has been based usually on surveys of urban markets, while fisheries of rural villages have gone unnoticed. We compared the fishing characteristics (catch, effort and selectivity) between an urban market and five small villages in the Lower Tocantins River (Brazilian Amazon), downstream from a large reservoir. We recorded 86 and 601 fish landings in the urban market and villages, respectively, using the same methodology. The urban fishers showed higher catch per unit of effort, higher amount of ice (related to a higher fishing effort, as ice is used to store fish catches) and larger crew size per fishing trip, but village fishers had a higher estimated annual fish production. Conversely, urban and village fishers used similar fishing gear (gillnets) and the main fish species caught were the same. However, village fishers showed more diverse strategies regarding gear, habitats and fish caught. Therefore, although it underestimated the total amount of fish caught in the Lower Tocantins River region, the data from the urban market could be a reliable indicator of main fish species exploited and fishing gear used by village fishers. Monitoring and management should consider the differences and similarities between urban and rural fisheries, in Amazon and in other tropical regions. Descriptors Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Hallwass,G., Lopes,P.F., Juras,A.A., Silvano,R.A. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic 20101212 PMCID Editors
Nicotine receptor partial agonists for smoking cessation	2010	Department of Primary Health Care, University of Oxford, Rosemary Rue Building, Old Road Campus, Oxford, UK, OX3 7LF.	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full The Cochrane database of systematic reviews Periodical, Abbrev. Cochrane Database Syst.Rev. Pub Date Free Form 8-Dec Volume (12):CD006103. doi Issue 12 Start Page CD006103 Other Pages Notes LR: 20151119; JID: 100909747; 0 (Alkaloids); 0 (Azocines); 0 (Benzazepines); 0 (Nicotinic Agonists); 0 (Quinolizines); 0 (Quinoxalines); 01ZG3TPX31 (Bupropion); 53S5U404NU (cytisine); 6M3C89ZY6R (Nicotine); W6HS99O8ZO (Varenicline); CIN: Evid Based Med. 2 Place of Publication England ISSN/ISBN 1469-493X; 1361-6137 Accession Number PMID: 21154363 Language eng SubFile Journal Article; Meta-Analysis; Review; IM DOI 10.1002/14651858.CD006103.pub4 [doi] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 21154363 Abstract BACKGROUND: Nicotine receptor partial agonists may help people to stop smoking by a combination of maintaining moderate levels of dopamine to counteract withdrawal symptoms (acting as an agonist) and reducing smoking satisfaction (acting as an antagonist). Varenicline was developed as a nicotine receptor partial agonist from cytisine, a drug widely used in central and eastern Europe for smoking cessation. The first trial reports of varenicline were released in 2006, and further trials have now been published or are currently underway. OBJECTIVES: The primary objective of this review is to assess the efficacy and tolerability of nicotine receptor partial agonists, including varenicline and cytisine, for smoking cessation. SEARCH STRATEGY: We searched the Cochrane Tobacco Addiction Group's specialised register for trials, using the terms ('varenicline' or 'cytisine' or 'Tabex' or 'nicotine receptor partial agonist') and 'smoking' in the title or abstract, or as keywords. We also searched MEDLINE, EMBASE, PsycINFO and CINAHL using MeSH terms and free text, and we contacted authors of trial reports for additional information where necessary. The latest search was in September 2010. SELECTION CRITERIA: We included randomized controlled trials which compared the treatment drug with placebo. We also included comparisons with bupropion and nicotine patches where available. We excluded trials which did not report a minimum follow-up period of six months from start of treatment. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS: We extracted data on the type of participants, the dose and duration of treatment, the outcome measures, the randomization procedure, concealment of allocation, and completeness of follow up.The main outcome measured was abstinence from smoking after at least six months from the beginning of treatment. We used the most rigorous definition of abstinence, and preferred biochemically validated rates where they were reported. Where appropriate we performed meta-analysis to produce a risk ratio, using the Mantel-Haenszel fixed-effect model. MAIN RESULTS: We found 11 trials of varenicline compared with placebo for smoking cessation; three of these included a bupropion experimental arm. We also found one relapse prevention trial, comparing varenicline with placebo, and two open-label trials comparing varenicline with nicotine replacement therapy (NRT). We also include one trial in which all the participants were given varenicline, but received behavioural support either online or by phone calls, or by both methods. This trial is not included in the analyses, but contributes to the data on safety and tolerability. The included studies covered >10,300 participants, 6892 of whom used varenicline. We identified one trial of cytisine (Tabex) for inclusion.The pooled risk ratio (RR) (10 trials, 4443 people, excluding one trial evaluating long term safety) for continuous abstinence at six months or longer for varenicline at standard dosage versus placebo was 2.31 (95% confidence interval [CI] 2.01 to 2.66). Varenicline at lower or variable doses was also shown to be effective, with an RR of 2.09 (95% CI 1.56 to 2.78; 4 trials, 1272 people). The pooled RR for varenicline versus bupropion at one year was 1.52 (95% CI 1.22 to 1.88; 3 trials, 1622 people). The RR for varenicline versus NRT for point prevalence abstinence at 24 weeks was 1.13 (95% CI 0.94 to 1.35; 2 trials, 778 people). The two trials which tested the use of varenicline beyond the 12-week standard regimen found the drug to be well-tolerated during long-term use. The main adverse effect of varenicline was nausea, which was mostly at mild to moderate levels and usually subsided over time. Post-marketing safety data raised questions about a possible association between varenicline and depressed mood, agitation, and suicidal behaviour or ideation. The labelling of varenicline was amended in 2008, and the manufacturers produced a Medication Gu Descriptors Alkaloids/therapeutic use, Azocines/therapeutic use, Benzazepines/adverse effects/therapeutic use, Bupropion/therapeutic use, Humans, Nicotine/adverse effects/antagonists & inhibitors, Nicotinic Agonists/adverse effects/therapeutic use, Quinolizines/therapeutic use, Quinoxalines/adverse effects/therapeutic use, Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic, Smoking/drug therapy, Smoking Cessation/methods, Substance Withdrawal Syndrome/prevention & control, Varenicline Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Cahill,K., Stead,L. F., Lancaster,T. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic 20101208 PMCID Editors
Current status of Barrett's esophagus research in Asia	2011	Department of Internal Medicine, E-Da Hospital and I-Shou University, Kaohsiung County, Taiwan.	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Journal of gastroenterology and hepatology Periodical, Abbrev. J.Gastroenterol.Hepatol. Pub Date Free Form Feb Volume 26 Issue 2 Start Page 240 Other Pages 246 Notes LR: 20150325; CI: (c) 2011; GR: CZB/4/709/Chief Scientist Office/United Kingdom; GR: ZIA CP010136-15/Intramural NIH HHS/United States; JID: 8607909; NIHMS256182; OID: NLM: NIHMS256182; OID: NLM: PMC3026914; ppublish Place of Publication Australia ISSN/ISBN 1440-1746; 0815-9319 Accession Number PMID: 21155883 Language eng SubFile Journal Article; Review; IM DOI 10.1111/j.1440-1746.2010.06529.x [doi] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 21155883 Abstract In Western countries, the epidemiology of esophageal cancer has changed considerably over the past decades with a rise in the ratio of adenocarcinoma to squamous cell carcinoma. Although the prevalence of gastroesophageal reflux is increasing in Asia, the prevalences of Barrett's esophagus (BE) and esophageal adenocarcinoma (EAC) have remained low in most Asian countries. The Asian Barrett's Consortium recently conducted a review of published studies on BE from Asia to assess the current status of BE research in Asia, and to recommend potential areas for future BE research in the region. Differences in study design, enrolled population, and endoscopic biopsy protocols used have led to substantial variability in the reported BE prevalence (0.06% to 19.9%) across Asia. In particular, some Japanese studies used diagnostic criteria that differed considerably from what was used in most Asian studies. As in Western countries, increased age, male sex, tobacco smoking, reflux symptoms, and erosive esophagitis have been found to be risk factors for BE in several case-control studies from Asia. The Prague C and M criteria, developed to provide better interobserver reliability in diagnosis and grading of BE, are currently under extensive evaluation in the Asian population. There is a need for standardized protocols for endoscopic and histopathologic diagnosis before initiating collaborative projects to identify etiologic determinants of BE and its ensuing malignant transformation. At present, data regarding the management and long-term outcome of BE are extremely limited in Asia. More studies of BE in this geographic area are warranted. Descriptors Links Book Title Database Publisher Journal of Gastroenterology and Hepatology Foundation and Blackwell Publishing Asia Pty Ltd Data Source Authors Chang,C.Y., Cook,M.B., Lee,Y.C., Lin,J.T., Ando,T., Bhatia,S., Chow,W.H., El-Omar,E.M., Goto,H., Li,Y.Q., McColl,K., Reddy,N., Rhee,P.L., Sharma,P., Sung,J.J., Ghoshal,U., Wong,J.Y., Wu,J.C., Zhang,J., Ho,K.Y., Asian Barrett's Consortium Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic PMCID PMC3026914 Editors
In vitro evaluation of antibiotic lock technique for the treatment of Candida albicans, C. glabrata, and C. tropicalis biofilms	2010	Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Suwon, Korea.	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Journal of Korean medical science Periodical, Abbrev. J.Korean Med.Sci. Pub Date Free Form Dec Volume 25 Issue 12 Start Page 1722 Other Pages 1726 Notes LR: 20150205; JID: 8703518; 0 (Antifungal Agents); 0 (Echinocandins); 0 (Pyrimidines); 0 (Triazoles); 304NUG5GF4 (Itraconazole); 7XU7A7DROE (Amphotericin B); 8VZV102JFY (Fluconazole); F0XDI6ZL63 (caspofungin); JFU09I87TR (Voriconazole); OID: NLM: PMC29952 Place of Publication Korea (South) ISSN/ISBN 1598-6357; 1011-8934 Accession Number PMID: 21165285 Language eng SubFile Evaluation Studies; Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; IM DOI 10.3346/jkms.2010.25.12.1722 [doi] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 21165285 Abstract Candidaemia associated with intravascular catheter-associated infections is of great concern due to the resulting high morbidity and mortality. The antibiotic lock technique (ALT) was previously introduced to treat catheter-associated bacterial infections without removal of catheter. So far, the efficacy of ALT against Candida infections has not been rigorously evaluated. We investigated in vitro activity of ALT against Candida biofilms formed by C. albicans, C. glabrata, and C. tropicalis using five antifungal agents (caspofungin, amphotericin B, itraconazole, fluconazole, and voriconazole). The effectiveness of antifungal treatment was assayed by monitoring viable cell counts after exposure to 1 mg/mL solutions of each antibiotic. Fluconazole, itraconazole, and voriconazole eliminated detectable viability in the biofilms of all Candida species within 7, 10, and 14 days, respectively, while caspofungin and amphotericin B did not completely kill fungi in C. albicans and C. glabrata biofilms within 14 days. For C. tropicalis biofilm, caspofungin lock achieved eradication more rapidly than amphotericin B and three azoles. Our study suggests that azoles may be useful ALT agents in the treatment of catheter-related candidemia. Descriptors Amphotericin B/administration & dosage/pharmacology, Antifungal Agents/administration & dosage/pharmacology/therapeutic use, Biofilms/drug effects, Candida albicans/drug effects/physiology, Candida glabrata/drug effects/physiology, Candida tropicalis/drug effects/physiology, Candidiasis/drug therapy, Catheter-Related Infections/drug therapy, Catheterization, Central Venous, Drug Administration Routes, Echinocandins/administration & dosage/pharmacology, Fluconazole/administration & dosage/pharmacology, Humans, Itraconazole/administration & dosage/pharmacology, Microbial Sensitivity Tests, Pyrimidines/administration & dosage/pharmacology, Triazoles/administration & dosage/pharmacology, Voriconazole, Antibiotic Lock Technique, Biofilms, Candida Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Ko,K. S., Lee,J. Y., Song,J. H., Peck,K. R. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic 20101124 PMCID PMC2995224 Editors
Effectiveness of a web-based brief alcohol intervention and added value of normative feedback in reducing underage drinking: a randomized controlled trial	2010	Department of Developmental Psychopathology, Behavioural Science Institute, Radboud University, Nijmegen, Netherlands. r.spijkerman@pwo.ru.nl	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Journal of medical Internet research Periodical, Abbrev. J.Med.Internet Res. Pub Date Free Form 19-Dec Volume 12 Issue 5 Start Page e65 Other Pages Notes LR: 20150205; JID: 100959882; OID: NLM: PMC3057308; 2010/01/08 [received]; 2010/11/04 [accepted]; 2010/11/04 [revised]; epublish Place of Publication United States ISSN/ISBN 1438-8871; 1438-8871 Accession Number PMID: 21169172 Language eng SubFile Journal Article; Randomized Controlled Trial; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; IM DOI 10.2196/jmir.1465 [doi] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 21169172 Abstract BACKGROUND: Current insights indicate that Web-based delivery may enhance the implementation of brief alcohol interventions. Previous research showed that electronically delivered brief alcohol interventions decreased alcohol use in college students and adult problem drinkers. To date, no study has investigated the effectiveness of Web-based brief alcohol interventions in reducing alcohol use in younger populations. OBJECTIVE: The present study tested 2 main hypotheses, that is, whether an online multicomponent brief alcohol intervention was effective in reducing alcohol use among 15- to 20-year-old binge drinkers and whether inclusion of normative feedback would increase the effectiveness of this intervention. In additional analyses, we examined possible moderation effects of participant's sex, which we had not a priori hypothesized. METHOD: A total of 575 online panel members (aged 15 to 20 years) who were screened as binge drinkers were randomly assigned to (1) a Web-based brief alcohol intervention without normative feedback, (2) a Web-based brief alcohol intervention with normative feedback, or (3) a control group (no intervention). Alcohol use and moderate drinking were assessed at baseline, 1 month, and 3 months after the intervention. Separate analyses were conducted for participants in the original sample (n = 575) and those who completed both posttests (n = 278). Missing values in the original sample were imputed by using the multiple imputation procedure of PASW Statistics 18. RESULTS: Main effects of the intervention were found only in the multiple imputed dataset for the original sample suggesting that the intervention without normative feedback reduced weekly drinking in the total group both 1 and 3 months after the intervention (n =575, at the 1-month follow-up, beta = -.24, P = .05; at the 3-month follow-up, beta = -.25, P = .04). Furthermore, the intervention with normative feedback reduced weekly drinking only at 1 month after the intervention (n=575, beta = -.24, P = .008). There was also a marginally significant trend of the intervention without normative feedback on responsible drinking at the 3-month follow-up (n =575, beta = .40, P =.07) implying a small increase in moderate drinking at the 3-month follow-up. Additional analyses on both datasets testing our post hoc hypothesis about a possible differential intervention effect for males and females revealed that this was the case for the impact of the intervention without normative feedback on weekly drinking and moderate drinking at the 1-month follow-up (weekly drinking for n = 278, beta = -.80, P = .01, and for n = 575, beta = -.69, P = .009; moderate drinking for n = 278, odds ratio [OR] = 3.76, confidence interval [CI] 1.05 - 13.49, P = .04, and for n = 575, OR = 3.00, CI = 0.89 - 10.12, P = .08) and at the 3-month follow-up (weekly drinking for n = 278, beta = -.58, P = .05, and for n = 575, beta = -.75, P = .004; moderate drinking for n = 278, OR = 4.34, CI = 1.18 - 15.95, P = .04, and for n = 575, OR = 3.65, CI = 1.44 - 9.25, P = .006). Furthermore, both datasets showed an interaction effect between the intervention with normative feedback and participant's sex on weekly alcohol use at the 1-month follow-up (for n = 278, beta = -.74, P =.02, and for n = 575, beta = -.64, P =.01) and for moderate drinking at the 3-month follow-up (for n = 278, OR = 3.10, CI = 0.81 - 11.85, P = .07, and for n = 575, OR = 3.00, CI = 1.23 - 7.27, P = .01). Post hoc probing indicated that males who received the intervention showed less weekly drinking and were more likely to drink moderately at 1 month and at 3 months following the intervention. For females, the interventions yielded no effects: the intervention without normative feedback even showed a small unfavorable effect at the 1-month follow-up. CONCLUSION: The present study demonstrated that exposure to a Web-based brief alcohol intervention generated a decrease in weekly drinking among 15- to 20-year-o Descriptors Adolescent, Adolescent Behavior/psychology, Alcohol Drinking/epidemiology/therapy, Alcohol-Related Disorders/prevention & control/therapy, Computer-Assisted Instruction/statistics & numerical data, Counseling, Female, Health Behavior, Health Education/methods/statistics & numerical data, Humans, Internet/utilization, Male, Patient Compliance/statistics & numerical data, Program Evaluation, Self-Help Groups, Students/psychology/statistics & numerical data, Therapy, Computer-Assisted/methods/statistics & numerical data, Treatment Outcome Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Spijkerman,R., Roek,M. A., Vermulst,A., Lemmers,L., Huiberts,A., Engels,R. C. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic 20101219 PMCID PMC3057308 Editors
Smokers who are also using smokeless tobacco products in the US: a national assessment of characteristics, behaviours and beliefs of 'dual users'	2011	Office on Smoking and Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 4770 Buford Highway, Mailstop K-50, Atlanta, Georgia 30341, USA. amcclave@cdc.gov	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Tobacco control Periodical, Abbrev. Tob.Control Pub Date Free Form May Volume 20 Issue 3 Start Page 239 Other Pages 242 Notes JID: 9209612; 2010/12/19 [aheadofprint]; ppublish Place of Publication England ISSN/ISBN 1468-3318; 0964-4563 Accession Number PMID: 21172853 Language eng SubFile Journal Article; IM DOI 10.1136/tc.2010.039115 [doi] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 21172853 Abstract BACKGROUND: Marketing and advertising of smokeless tobacco products towards cigarette smokers has increased recently. Because the use of multiple tobacco products is a growing public health concern, the present work assesses the use of smokeless tobacco among cigarette smokers, a behaviour termed as 'dual use', as well as attitudes and beliefs on their 'dual use' of tobacco. METHODS: Data were used from the 2008 Consumer Styles survey, a nationally representative, mail-in survey of consumers in the USA (n=10,108). RESULTS: 'Dual use' was more common among cigarette smokers who were young, white men living in the Midwest or South. The majority of 'dual users' reported using smokeless tobacco in places where they could not smoke (67.7%) and did not believe smokeless tobacco would help in quitting smoking (75.1%). 'Dual users' reported planning to quit within the next 6 months less often than adults who smoke cigarettes exclusively and close to half (42.3%) never plan to quit smoking. CONCLUSIONS: Tobacco use is attributed to a number of diseases and deaths worldwide, and cessation of tobacco use can reduce these health risks. The prevalent use of smokeless tobacco in places with smoking restrictions and lack of planning to quit by 'dual users' suggest the need to promote cessation among these users. Descriptors Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors McClave-Regan,A.K., Berkowitz,J. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic 20101219 PMCID Editors
Not just 'a few wisps': real-time measurement of tobacco smoke at entrances to office buildings	2011	Ontario Tobacco Research Unit, 33 Russell Street, Toronto, Ontario M5S 2S1, Canada. pam_kaufman@camh.net	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Tobacco control Periodical, Abbrev. Tob.Control Pub Date Free Form May Volume 20 Issue 3 Start Page 212 Other Pages 218 Notes JID: 9209612; 0 (Air Pollutants); 0 (Tobacco Smoke Pollution); 2010/12/21 [aheadofprint]; ppublish Place of Publication England ISSN/ISBN 1468-3318; 0964-4563 Accession Number PMID: 21177666 Language eng SubFile Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; IM DOI 10.1136/tc.2010.041277 [doi] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 21177666 Abstract INTRODUCTION: An unintended consequence of indoor smoking restrictions is the relocation of smoking to building entrances, where non-smokers may be exposed to secondhand smoke, and smoke from outdoor areas may drift through entrances, exposing people inside. Tobacco smoke has been linked to numerous health effects in non-smokers and there is no safe level of secondhand smoke (SHS) exposure. This paper presents data on levels of tobacco smoke inside and outside entrances to office buildings. METHODS: Real-time air quality monitors were used to simultaneously measure respirable particulate matter (PM(2.5); air pollutant particles with a diameter of 2.5 mug or less) as a marker for tobacco smoke, outside and inside 28 entrances to office buildings in downtown Toronto, Ontario, in May and June 2008. Measurements were taken when smoking was and was not present within 9 m of entrances. Background levels of PM(2.5) were also measured for each session. A mixed model analysis was used to estimate levels of PM(2.5), taking into account repeated measurement errors. RESULTS: Peak levels (10 s averages) of PM(2.5) were as high as 496 mug/m(3) when smoking was present. Mixed model analysis shows that the average outdoor PM(2.5) with smoking was significantly higher than the background level (p/= 5 lit cigarettes was 2.5 times greater than the average background level. CONCLUSIONS: These findings support smoke-free policies at entrances to buildings to protect non-smokers from exposure to tobacco smoke. Descriptors Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Kaufman,P., Zhang,B., Bondy,S.J., Klepeis,N., Ferrence,R. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic 20101221 PMCID Editors
Nicotine exposure in daily waterpipe smokers and its relation to puff topography	2011	School of Public Health, University of Memphis, Memphis, TN, USA. wmaziak@memphis.edu	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Addictive Behaviors Periodical, Abbrev. Addict.Behav. Pub Date Free Form Apr Volume 36 Issue 4 Start Page 397 Other Pages 399 Notes LR: 20151119; CI: Copyright (c) 2010; GR: CA120142/CA/NCI NIH HHS/United States; GR: DA024876/DA/NIDA NIH HHS/United States; GR: R01 DA024876/DA/NIDA NIH HHS/United States; GR: R01 DA024876-04/DA/NIDA NIH HHS/United States; JID: 7603486; 0 (Tobacco Smoke Place of Publication England ISSN/ISBN 1873-6327; 0306-4603 Accession Number PMID: 21185126 Language eng SubFile Journal Article; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural; IM DOI 10.1016/j.addbeh.2010.11.013 [doi] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 21185126 Abstract Waterpipe tobacco smoking is increasing in popularity worldwide and available evidence point to its addictive and harmful potential. This study is conducted to assess nicotine exposure in daily waterpipe smokers, and its correlation with puff topography parameters. Sixty-one waterpipe tobacco smokers (56 males; mean age+/-SD, 30.9+/-9.5years; mean number of weekly waterpipe smoking episodes 7.8+/-5.7) abstained from smoking for at least 24h, and then smoked tobacco from a waterpipe ad libitum in a laboratory setting. During the session puff topography parameters were monitored continuously, and pre- and post-smoking expired-air CO was measured. Before and after smoking, venous blood was sampled for the assessment of plasma nicotine using Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry. The average pre- and post-smoking expired-air CO was 4+/-1.7 and 35.5+/-32.7ppm, respectively (i.e., a CO boost of 31.5ppm, p<.001 mean="" plasma="" nicotine="" concentration="" increased="" from="" pre-smoking="" to="" post-smoking="" boost="" was="" correlated="" with="" total="" session="" time="" correlation="" coefficient="" r=".31," p=".04)," cumulative="" puff="" duration="" and="" smoke="" inhaled="" in="" the="" these="" data="" show="" considerable="" exposure="" daily="" waterpipe="" smokers="" that="" is="" a="" function="" of="" smoking="" patterns.=""> Descriptors Links Book Title Database Publisher Elsevier Ltd Data Source Authors Maziak,W., Rastam,S., Shihadeh,A.L., Bazzi,A., Ibrahim,I., Zaatari,G.S., Ward,K.D., Eissenberg,T. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic 20101202 PMCID PMC3040439 Editors

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