WTS database

Title	Pub Year	Author	SearchLink Sort descending
Increased self-efficacy to quit and perceived control over withdrawal symptoms predict smoking cessation following nicotine dependence treatment	2011	Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA. schnoll@mail.med.upenn.edu	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Addictive Behaviors Periodical, Abbrev. Addict.Behav. Pub Date Free Form Jan-Feb Volume 36 Issue 2-Jan Start Page 144 Other Pages 147 Notes LR: 20150224; CI: Copyright (c) 2010; GR: P50 CA143187/CA/NCI NIH HHS/United States; GR: P50 CA143187/CA/NCI NIH HHS/United States; GR: P50 CA143187-01/CA/NCI NIH HHS/United States; GR: R01 CA126969/CA/NCI NIH HHS/United States; GR: R01 CA126969/CA/NCI NI Place of Publication England ISSN/ISBN 1873-6327; 0306-4603 Accession Number PMID: 20869812 Language eng SubFile Clinical Trial, Phase IV; Journal Article; Multicenter Study; Randomized Controlled Trial; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; IM DOI 10.1016/j.addbeh.2010.08.024 [doi] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 20869812 Abstract AIM: To examine changes in nicotine withdrawal, nicotine craving, self-efficacy to quit smoking, and perceived control over withdrawal symptoms as predictors of smoking cessation following behavioral counseling and nicotine replacement therapy in a sample of smokers. DESIGN AND SETTING: The data were ascertained from a randomized effectiveness trial comparing nicotine patch to nicotine lozenge. Predictors of smoking cessation were assessed at baseline and 5 weeks post-baseline, and 24-hour point prevalence abstinence, biochemically confirmed, was assessed at the end-of-treatment (week 15) and 6 months after a target quit date (week 27). PARTICIPANTS: 642 treatment-seeking smokers randomized to 12 weeks of nicotine patch or nicotine lozenge. FINDINGS: Participants who showed a greater increase in self-efficacy to quit smoking (OR=1.09, 95% CI: 1.02-1.16, p=.01) and perceived control over withdrawal symptoms (OR=1.02, 95% CI: 1.00-1.04, p=.05) were significantly more likely to have quit smoking at week 15. Participants who showed a greater increase in self-efficacy to quit smoking (OR=1.04, 95% CI: 1.01-1.06, p=.01) were significantly more likely to have quit smoking at week 27. Changes in withdrawal symptoms and craving were not related to week 15 or week 27 abstinence rates. CONCLUSIONS: The results highlight two relatively under-studied potential psychological predictors of abstinence following treatment for nicotine dependence. Behavioral counseling interventions to promote smoking cessation should help smokers develop confidence in their ability to quit smoking and increase their sense of control over withdrawal symptoms to increase their chances for cessation. Descriptors Links Book Title Database Publisher Elsevier Ltd Data Source Authors Schnoll,R.A., Martinez,E., Tatum,K.L., Glass,M., Bernath,A., Ferris,D., Reynolds,P. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic 20100924 PMCID PMC2981675 Editors
Impact of self-initiated pre-quit smoking reduction on cessation rates: results of a clinical trial of smoking cessation among female prisoners	2011	University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35209, United States. kcropsey@be.apsyl.his.uab.edu	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Addictive Behaviors Periodical, Abbrev. Addict.Behav. Pub Date Free Form Jan-Feb Volume 36 Issue 2-Jan Start Page 73 Other Pages 78 Notes LR: 20141202; CI: Copyright (c) 2010; GR: K23 DA015774/DA/NIDA NIH HHS/United States; GR: K23 DA015774-01/DA/NIDA NIH HHS/United States; GR: K23DA15774/DA/NIDA NIH HHS/United States; JID: 7603486; 0 (Nicotinic Agonists); 7U1EE4V452 (Carbon Monoxide); NIHM Place of Publication England ISSN/ISBN 1873-6327; 0306-4603 Accession Number PMID: 20888129 Language eng SubFile Journal Article; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural; IM DOI 10.1016/j.addbeh.2010.08.026 [doi] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 20888129 Abstract OBJECTIVES: This study examined differences in cessation success based on smokers' self-initiated pre-quit reductions in cigarettes per day (cpd). METHODS: The study utilized data from a nicotine replacement+behavioral therapy smoking cessation intervention conducted in a female prison facility with 179 participants who were wait-listed for 6 months prior to intervention. We compared two groups of smokers based on whether they self-selected to reduce smoking prior to their cessation attempt (n=77) or whether they increased smoking or did not reduce (n=102). General Estimating Equations (GEE) were used to model smoking cessation through 12-month follow-up. RESULTS: Examination of pre-cessation cpd showed that those who reduced were heavier smokers at baseline, relative to those who did not reduce (p Descriptors Links Book Title Database Publisher Elsevier Ltd Data Source Authors Cropsey,K.L., Jackson,D.O., Hale,G.J., Carpenter,M.J., Stitzer,M.L. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic PMCID PMC3005277 Editors
The global epidemic of waterpipe smoking	2011	School of Public Health, University of Memphis, Syrian Center for Tobacco Studies, Browning Hall 112, 3820 DeSoto Avenue, Memphis, TN 38152-3340, United States. wmaziak@memphis.edu	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Addictive Behaviors Periodical, Abbrev. Addict.Behav. Pub Date Free Form Jan-Feb Volume 36 Issue 2-Jan Start Page 1 Other Pages 5 Notes LR: 20141202; CI: Copyright (c) 2010; GR: R01 DA024876/DA/NIDA NIH HHS/United States; GR: R01 DA024876/DA/NIDA NIH HHS/United States; JID: 7603486; 7U1EE4V452 (Carbon Monoxide); NIHMS234502; OID: NLM: NIHMS234502; OID: NLM: PMC4135081; 2010/07/15 [receive Place of Publication England ISSN/ISBN 1873-6327; 0306-4603 Accession Number PMID: 20888700 Language eng SubFile Journal Article; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural; Review; IM DOI 10.1016/j.addbeh.2010.08.030 [doi] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 20888700 Abstract In the past decade waterpipe (WP) smoking (a.k.a. hookah, shisha, and narghile) has been steadily spreading among the youth around the world. The allure of this tobacco use method for the youth can stem from its pleasant smooth smoke, social ambience and the perception of reduced harm. The material in this review is based on detailed Medline search for articles appearing especially in the past two years that are of relevance to WP epidemiology, health and addictive effects, and WP-related tobacco control policies. It shows that WP smoking is continuing to spread among the youth worldwide, and perhaps represents the second global tobacco epidemic since the cigarette. Available evidence suggests that the prevalence of current (past month) WP smoking range from 6 to 34% among Middle Eastern adolescents, 5%-17% among American adolescents, and that WP use is increasing globally. Studies on the health effects of WP smoking are limited by methodological quality, as well as by the novelty of WP epidemic relative to the long latency of important smoking-related health outcomes. Still, research indicates substantial WP harmful effects similar to those of cigarettes, as well as to the potential of providing a bridge to cigarette smoking or relapse. Developing effective interventions to curb WP use among the youth requires a detailed understanding of how dependence develops in WP users, and how it is shaped by WP's unique features such as the following; the predominantly intermittent use with prolonged sessions, preparation time, accessibility, potent sensory cues, and convivial experience of group use. It also requires assessing effective policy options such as factual and visible health warnings on all its parts, as well as youth access and indoor smoking restrictions. WP smoking is currently showing all signs of a burgeoning global epidemic with serious implications for public health and tobacco control worldwide. Investment in research and policy initiatives to understand and curb WP use needs to become a public health priority. Descriptors Links Book Title Database Publisher Elsevier Ltd Data Source Authors Maziak,W. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic 20101008 PMCID PMC4135081 Editors
Socioeconomic disparities in quit intentions, quit attempts, and smoking abstinence among smokers in four western countries: findings from the International Tobacco Control Four Country Survey	2010	Department of Health Studies and Gerontology, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada. jl3reid@uwaterloo.ca	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Nicotine & tobacco research : official journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco Periodical, Abbrev. Nicotine Tob.Res. Pub Date Free Form Oct Volume 12 Suppl Issue Start Page S20 Other Pages 33 Notes LR: 20141202; GR: 57897/Canadian Institutes of Health Research/Canada; GR: 79551/Canadian Institutes of Health Research/Canada; GR: C312/A3726/Cancer Research UK/United Kingdom; GR: P50 CA111236/CA/NCI NIH HHS/United States; GR: R01 CA 100362/CA/NCI NIH H Place of Publication England ISSN/ISBN 1469-994X; 1462-2203 Accession Number PMID: 20889477 Language eng SubFile Comparative Study; Journal Article; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; IM DOI 10.1093/ntr/ntq051 [doi] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 20889477 Abstract INTRODUCTION: Lower socioeconomic status (SES) groups have higher rates of tobacco use, are less likely to successfully quit, and may also be less likely to intend or attempt to quit. However, results are inconsistent for some outcomes, and little is known about how socioeconomic disparities vary across countries and over time. METHODS: This study examined the associations between SES and quitting-related behaviors among representative samples of smokers in Canada, the United States, the United Kingdom, and Australia, using data from the first five waves (2002-2006/2007) of the International Tobacco Control Four Country Survey (35,532 observations from 16,458 respondents). Generalized estimating equations modeling was used to examine whether education and income were related to intentions to quit, incidence of quit attempts, and smoking abstinence. Potential differences in the associations over time and across countries were also considered. RESULTS: Smokers with higher education were more likely to intend to quit, to make a quit attempt, and to be abstinent for at least 1 and 6 months; smokers with higher income were more likely to intend to quit and to be abstinent for at least 1 month. Some between-country differences were observed: U.K. and U.S. smokers were less likely to intend to quit than Australians and Canadians; and, although U.K. respondents were least likely to attempt to quit, those that did were more likely to be abstinent. DISCUSSION: The results suggest that socioeconomic disparities exist at multiple stages in the path to smoking cessation. Potential effects on socioeconomic disparities should be considered when implementing cessation interventions. Descriptors Adult, Attitude to Health, Australia/epidemiology, Canada/epidemiology, Female, Great Britain/epidemiology, Humans, International Cooperation, Male, Middle Aged, Motivation, Multivariate Analysis, Population Surveillance, Poverty/statistics & numerical data, Secondary Prevention, Self Efficacy, Smoking/economics/epidemiology/psychology, Smoking Cessation/economics/psychology/statistics & numerical data, Socioeconomic Factors, Tobacco Use Disorder/economics/epidemiology/psychology, United States/epidemiology, Young Adult Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Reid,J. L., Hammond,D., Boudreau,C., Fong,G. T., Siahpush,M., ITC Collaboration Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic PMCID PMC2948137 Editors
The impact of the United Kingdom's national smoking cessation strategy on quit attempts and use of cessation services: findings from the International Tobacco Control Four Country Survey	2010	United Kingdom Centre for Tobacco Control Studies, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK. jack.gibson@nottingham.ac.uk	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Nicotine & tobacco research : official journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco Periodical, Abbrev. Nicotine Tob.Res. Pub Date Free Form Oct Volume 12 Suppl Issue Start Page S64 Other Pages 71 Notes LR: 20141202; GR: 312/A3726/Cancer Research UK/United Kingdom; GR: 57897/Canadian Institutes of Health Research/Canada; GR: P50 CA111236/CA/NCI NIH HHS/United States; GR: R01 CA 100362/CA/NCI NIH HHS/United States; GR: R01 CA100362/CA/NCI NIH HHS/United S Place of Publication England ISSN/ISBN 1469-994X; 1462-2203 Accession Number PMID: 20889483 Language eng SubFile Comparative Study; Journal Article; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; IM DOI 10.1093/ntr/ntq119 [doi] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 20889483 Abstract INTRODUCTION: The World Health Organization Framework Convention on Tobacco Control recommends that provision of cessation support should be included in national tobacco control strategies. This study examines the impact of the United Kingdom's national smoking cessation strategy on quit attempts, use of treatment and short-term abstinence, relative to the United States, Canada, and Australia where less support is provided. METHODS: Data on quitting behavior and use of support were obtained for all smokers enrolled in the International Tobacco Control 4 Country Survey between 2002 and 2005. Generalized estimating equations were used to calculate the relative odds (adjusted by age, sex, and Heaviness of Smoking Index) that smokers in each country made quit attempts, used behavioral or pharmacological support, and to compare rates of short-term (28 days) abstinence between countries and users of different forms of support. RESULTS: U.K. smokers were less likely to have attempted to quit smoking than those in Australia (odds ratio [OR] = 1.25, 95% CI: 1.12-1.40), Canada (OR = 1.50, 95% CI: 1.34-1.67), and the United States (OR = 1.25, 95% CI: 1.11-1.40) but were more likely to use pharmacotherapy and/or support from a clinic, helpline, or health professional when attempting to quit than smokers in the other countries. U.K. smokers making quit attempts were significantly more likely to achieve 28-day abstinence than those in Australia (OR = 0.59, 95% CI: 0.49-0.71), Canada (OR = 0.72, 95% CI: 0.61-0.87), and the United States (OR = 0.51, 95% CI: 0.42-0.62). CONCLUSIONS: U.K. smokers report fewer quit attempts but are more likely to use support when quitting and to achieve short-term abstinence. Descriptors Attitude to Health, Australia/epidemiology, Canada/epidemiology, Female, Great Britain/epidemiology, Health Services Accessibility/organization & administration/statistics & numerical data, Humans, International Cooperation, Male, Middle Aged, Multivariate Analysis, Reproducibility of Results, Risk Reduction Behavior, Secondary Prevention, Self Efficacy, Smoking/epidemiology/prevention & control/psychology, Smoking Cessation/psychology/statistics & numerical data, Social Support, Socioeconomic Factors, State Medicine/organization & administration, Tobacco Use Disorder/epidemiology/prevention & control/psychology, United States/epidemiology, World Health Organization, Young Adult Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Gibson,J. E., Murray,R. L., Borland,R., Cummings,K. M., Fong,G. T., Hammond,D., McNeill,A. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic PMCID PMC2948139 Editors
Maternal exposure to ambient levels of benzene and neural tube defects among offspring: Texas, 1999-2004	2011	Division of Epidemiology, Human Genetics and Environmental Sciences, University of Texas School of Public Health, Houston 77030, USA.	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Environmental health perspectives Periodical, Abbrev. Environ.Health Perspect. Pub Date Free Form Mar Volume 119 Issue 3 Start Page 397 Other Pages 402 Notes LR: 20141202; GR: T42OH008421/OH/NIOSH CDC HHS/United States; GR: U50/CCU613232/PHS HHS/United States; JID: 0330411; 0 (Air Pollutants); 0 (Benzene Derivatives); 0 (Xylenes); 3FPU23BG52 (Toluene); J64922108F (Benzene); L5I45M5G0O (ethylbenzene); CIN: Envi Place of Publication United States ISSN/ISBN 1552-9924; 0091-6765 Accession Number PMID: 20923742 Language eng SubFile Journal Article; Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.; IM DOI 10.1289/ehp.1002212 [doi] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 20923742 Abstract BACKGROUND: Previous studies have reported positive associations between maternal exposure to air pollutants and several adverse birth outcomes. However, there have been no studies assessing the association between environmental levels of hazardous air pollutants, such as benzene, and neural tube defects (NTDs), a common and serious group of congenital malformations. OBJECTIVE: Our goal was to conduct a case-control study assessing the association between ambient air levels of benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, and xylene (BTEX) and the prevalence of NTDs among offspring. METHODS: The Texas Birth Defects Registry provided data on NTD cases (spina bifida and anencephaly) delivered between 1999 and 2004. The control group was a random sample of unaffected live births, frequency matched to cases on year of birth. Census tract-level estimates of annual BTEX levels were obtained from the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency 1999 Assessment System for Population Exposure Nationwide. Restricted cubic splines were used in mixed-effects logistic regression models to determine associations between each pollutant and NTD phenotype. RESULTS: Mothers living in census tracts with the highest benzene levels were more likely to have offspring with spina bifida than were women living in census tracts with the lowest levels (odds ratio = 2.30; 95% confidence interval, 1.22-4.33). No significant associations were observed between anencephaly and benzene or between any of the NTD phenotypes and toluene, ethylbenzene, or xylene. CONCLUSION: In the first study to assess the relationship between environmental levels of BTEX and NTDs, we found an association between benzene and spina bifida. Our results contribute to the growing body of evidence regarding air pollutant exposure and adverse birth outcomes. Descriptors Adult, Air Pollutants/analysis/toxicity, Air Pollution/statistics & numerical data, Benzene/analysis/toxicity, Benzene Derivatives/analysis/toxicity, Female, Humans, Infant, Newborn, Male, Maternal Exposure/adverse effects/statistics & numerical data, Neural Tube Defects/epidemiology, Spinal Dysraphism/epidemiology, Texas, Toluene/analysis/toxicity, Xylenes/analysis/toxicity, Young Adult Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Lupo,P. J., Symanski,E., Waller,D. K., Chan,W., Langlois,P. H., Canfield,M. A., Mitchell,L. E. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic 20101005 PMCID PMC3060005 Editors
Secondhand tobacco smoke exposure in selected public places (PM2.5 and air nicotine) and non-smoking employees (hair nicotine) in Ghana	2011	Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA.	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Tobacco control Periodical, Abbrev. Tob.Control Pub Date Free Form Mar Volume 20 Issue 2 Start Page 107 Other Pages 111 Notes LR: 20151119; JID: 9209612; 0 (Tobacco Smoke Pollution); 6M3C89ZY6R (Nicotine); OID: NLM: PMC3045526; 2010/10/07 [aheadofprint]; ppublish Place of Publication England ISSN/ISBN 1468-3318; 0964-4563 Accession Number PMID: 20930057 Language eng SubFile Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; IM DOI 10.1136/tc.2010.036012 [doi] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 20930057 Abstract BACKGROUND: Secondhand tobacco smoke (SHS) exposure is a global public health problem. Ghana currently has no legislation to prevent smoking in public places. To provide data on SHS levels in hospitality venues in Ghana the authors measured (1) airborne particulate matter Descriptors Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Agbenyikey,W., Wellington,E., Gyapong,J., Travers,M.J., Breysse,P.N., McCarty,K.M., Navas-Acien,A. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic 20101007 PMCID PMC3045526 Editors
Trends in smoking and quitting in China from 1993 to 2003: National Health Service Survey data	2010	Center for Health Statistics and Information, Ministry of Health, Beijing, China.	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Bulletin of the World Health Organization Periodical, Abbrev. Bull.World Health Organ. Pub Date Free Form 1-Oct Volume 88 Issue 10 Start Page 769 Other Pages 776 Notes LR: 20141202; JID: 7507052; OID: NLM: PMC2947036; 2009/03/27 [received]; 2010/03/09 [revised]; 2010/03/10 [accepted]; 2010/04/16 [epublish]; ppublish Place of Publication Switzerland ISSN/ISBN 1564-0604; 0042-9686 Accession Number PMID: 20931062 Language eng SubFile Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; IM DOI 10.2471/BLT.09.064709 [doi] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 20931062 Abstract OBJECTIVE: China has about 350 million smokers, more commonly men. Using data from National Health Service Surveys conducted in 1993, 1998 and 2003, we (i) estimated trends in smoking prevalence and cessation according to sociodemographic variables and (ii) analysed cessation rates, quitting intentions, reasons for quitting and reasons for relapsing. METHODS: Data were collected from approximately 57 000 households and 200 000 individuals in each survey year. Household members > 15 years of age were interviewed about their smoking habits, quitting intentions and attitudes towards smoking. We present descriptive data stratified by age, sex, income level and rural versus urban residence. FINDINGS: In China, current smoking in those > 15 years old declined 60-49% in men and 5-3.2% in women over 1993-2003. The decline was more marked in urban areas. However, heavy smoking (>/= 20 cigarettes daily) increased substantially overall and doubled in men. The average age of uptake also dropped by about 3 years. In 2003, 7.9% of smokers reported intending to quit, and 6% of people who had ever smoked reported having quit. Of former smokers, 40.6% quit because of illness, 26.9% to prevent disease and 10.9% for financial reasons. CONCLUSION: Smoking prevalence declined in China over the study period, perhaps due to the combined effect of smoking cessation, reduced uptake in women and selective mortality among men over 40 years of age. However, heavy smoking increased. People in China rarely quit or intend to quit smoking, except at older ages. Further tobacco control efforts are urgently needed, especially in rural areas. Descriptors Adolescent, Adult, Aged, China/epidemiology, Female, Health Policy, Health Surveys, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Prevalence, Risk Assessment, Smoking/epidemiology, Smoking Cessation/statistics & numerical data, Young Adult Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Qian,J., Cai,M., Gao,J., Tang,S., Xu,L., Critchley,J. A. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic 20100416 PMCID PMC2947036 Editors
Second-hand smoke in hospitals in Catalonia (2009): a cross-sectional study measuring PM2.5 and vapor-phase nicotine	2010	Institut Catala d'Oncologia-IDIBELL, L'Hospitalet, Barcelona, Spain.	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Environmental research Periodical, Abbrev. Environ.Res. Pub Date Free Form Nov Volume 110 Issue 8 Start Page 750 Other Pages 755 Notes LR: 20151119; CI: Copyright (c) 2010; JID: 0147621; 0 (Air Pollutants); 0 (Tobacco Smoke Pollution); 6M3C89ZY6R (Nicotine); 2010/02/18 [received]; 2010/09/15 [revised]; 2010/09/17 [accepted]; 2010/10/08 [aheadofprint]; ppublish Place of Publication United States ISSN/ISBN 1096-0953; 0013-9351 Accession Number PMID: 20933229 Language eng SubFile Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; IM DOI 10.1016/j.envres.2010.09.008 [doi] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 20933229 Abstract OBJECTIVES: To describe second-hand smoke in the hospitals of the Catalan Network for Smoke-free Hospitals using Particulate Matter (PM(2.5)) and to assess the association between second-hand smoke exposure in main entrances (outdoors) and halls and between PM(2.5) and airborne nicotine concentrations. METHODS: Cross-sectional study carried out in 2009 in the 53 hospitals affiliated with the network. We measured PM(2.5) (mug/m(3)) in all hospitals and measured airborne nicotine concentrations (mug/m(3)) in a subsample of 11 hospitals. For each assessment, we measured nine locations within the hospitals, computing medians, means, geometric means, interquartile ranges (IQRs), and 95% confidence intervals (CI) of the means and the geometric means. Further, we used Spearman's linear correlation coefficient r(sp)) to explore the association between PM(2.5) concentrations in halls and main entrances and between PM(2.5) and nicotine concentrations. RESULTS: The overall median of the 429 PM(2.5) measurements was 12.48 mug/m(3) (IQR: 8.84-19.76 mug/m(3)). The most exposed locations were outdoor smoking points (16.64 mug/m(3)), cafeterias (14.82 mug/m(3)), and main entrances (14.04 mug/m(3)); dressing rooms were the least exposed (6.76 mug/m(3)). PM(2.5) concentrations in halls were positively correlated with those in main entrances (r(sp)=0.591, 95% CI: 0.377-0.745), as were PM(2.5) values and nicotine concentrations (r(sp)=0.644, 95% CI: 0.357-0.820). CONCLUSIONS: Second-hand smoke levels in hospitals were low in most locations, with the highest levels observed in outdoor locations where smoking is allowed (smoking points and entrances). Smoking in main entrances was associated with increased second-hand smoke levels in halls. Use of PM(2.5) to evaluate second-hand smoke is feasible and shows a good correlation with airborne nicotine values. Descriptors Air Pollutants/analysis, Air Pollution, Indoor/analysis/statistics & numerical data, Cross-Sectional Studies, Environmental Monitoring, Epidemiological Monitoring, Hospitals/statistics & numerical data, Humans, Inhalation Exposure/analysis/statistics & numerical data, Nicotine/analysis, Spain/epidemiology, Tobacco Smoke Pollution/analysis/statistics & numerical data Links Book Title Database Publisher Elsevier Inc Data Source Authors Sureda,X., Fu,M., Lopez,M. J., Martinez-Sanchez,J. M., Carabasa,E., Salto,E., Martinez,C., Nebot,M., Fernandez,E. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic 20101008 PMCID Editors
Utilization of a benzyl functionalized polymeric ionic liquid for the sensitive determination of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons; parabens and alkylphenols in waters using solid-phase microextraction coupled to gas chromatography-flame ionization detecti	2010	Departamento de Quimica Analitica, Nutricion y Bromatologia, Universidad de La Laguna, La Laguna (Tenerife) 38206, Spain.	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Journal of chromatography.A Periodical, Abbrev. J.Chromatogr.A Pub Date Free Form 12-Nov Volume 1217 Issue 46 Start Page 7189 Other Pages 7197 Notes CI: Copyright (c) 2010; JID: 9318488; 0 (Endocrine Disruptors); 0 (Imidazoles); 0 (Imides); 0 (Ionic Liquids); 0 (Parabens); 0 (Phenols); 0 (Polycyclic Hydrocarbons, Aromatic); 0 (Water Pollutants, Chemical); 2010/08/03 [received]; 2010/09/06 [revised]; 2 Place of Publication Netherlands ISSN/ISBN 1873-3778; 0021-9673 Accession Number PMID: 20933234 Language eng SubFile Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.; IM DOI 10.1016/j.chroma.2010.09.016 [doi] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 20933234 Abstract The functionalized polymeric ionic liquid poly(1-(4-vinylbenzyl)-3-hexadecylimidazolium bis[(trifluoromethyl)sulfonyl]imide (poly(VBHDIm(+)NTf(2)(-))) has been used as successful coating in solid-phase microextraction (SPME) to determine a group of fourteen endocrine disrupting chemicals (ECDs), including polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), alkylphenols, and parabens, in several water samples. The performance of the PIL fiber in direct immersion mode SPME followed by gas chromatography (GC) with flame-ionization detection (FID) is characterized with average relative recoveries higher than 96.1% from deionized waters and higher than 76.7% from drinking bottled waters, with precision values (RSD) lower than 13% for deionized waters and lower than 14% for drinking bottled waters (spiked level of 1 ng mL(-1)), when using an extraction time of 60 min with 20 mL of aqueous sample. Detection limits varied between 9 ng L(-1) and 7 ng mL(-1). A group of real water samples, including drinking waters, well waters, and swimming pool waters, have been analyzed under the optimized conditions. A comparison has also been carried out with the commercial SPME coatings: polydimethylsyloxane (PDMS) 30 mum, and polyacrylate (PA) 85 mum. The functionalized PIL fiber ( approximately 12 mum) demonstrated to be superior to both commercial fibers for the overall group of analytes studied, in spite of its lower coating thickness. A normalized sensitivity parameter is proposed as a qualitative tool to compare among fiber materials, being higher for the poly(VBHDIm(+)NTf(2)(-)) coating. Furthermore, the partition coefficients of the studied analytes to the coating materials have been determined. A quantitative comparison among the partition coefficients also demonstrates the superior extraction capability of the functionalized PIL sorbent coating. Descriptors Endocrine Disruptors/analysis/isolation & purification, Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry/methods, Imidazoles/chemistry, Imides/chemistry, Ionic Liquids/chemistry, Parabens/analysis/isolation & purification, Phenols/analysis/isolation & purification, Polycyclic Hydrocarbons, Aromatic/analysis/isolation & purification, Reproducibility of Results, Sensitivity and Specificity, Solid Phase Microextraction/methods, Water Pollutants, Chemical/analysis/isolation & purification Links Book Title Database Publisher Elsevier B.V Data Source Authors Lopez-Darias,J., Pino,V., Meng,Y., Anderson,J. L., Afonso,A. M. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic 20100921 PMCID Editors

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