WTS database

Title	Pub Year	Author	SearchLink Sort descending
Gram-negative bacteria in water distribution systems of hospitals	2008	Department of Occupational Biohazards, Institute of Agricultural Medicine, Jaczewskiego 2, 20-090 Lublin, Poland. nina@galen.imw.lublin.pl	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Annals of Agricultural and Environmental Medicine : AAEM Periodical, Abbrev. Ann.Agric.Environ.Med. Pub Date Free Form Volume 15 Issue 1 Start Page 135 Other Pages 142 Notes LR: 20160325; JID: 9500166; ppublish Place of Publication Poland ISSN/ISBN 1232-1966; 1232-1966 Accession Number PMID: 18581992 Language eng SubFile Journal Article; IM DOI 15135 [pii] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 18581992 Abstract A total of 67 samples of tap water were collected from faucets and showerheads in 6 hospitals located in the Lublin province (eastern Poland). The samples were examined for the presence and species composition of Legionella, Gram-negative bacteria belonging to family Enterobacteriaceae (GNB-E) and Gram-negative bacteria not belonging to family Enterobacteriaceae (GNB-NE), by filtering through cellulose filters and culture on respectively GVPC, EMB and tryptic soya agar media. On average, Legionella was isolated from 65.7% of the water samples taken in hospitals. Strains of the Legionella pneumophila types 2-14 predominated, forming 74.6% of total Legionella isolates. Legionella pneumophila type 1 strains constituted 13.5% of the total count, while other species of Legionella (referred to as Legionella spp.) formed 11.9% of the total. The concentrations of Legionella in positive water samples ranged from 3-350 cfu/100 ml. GNB-E were not found in the examined water samples. GNB-NE were isolated from 79.1% of the water samples taken in hospitals in the concentrations 11-300 cfu/100 ml. Species of the family Pseudomonadaceae predominated among GNB-NE strains isolated from the examined water samples, forming on average 71.5% of the total count. Altogether, 20 GNB-NE species were identified in the examined samples, out of which 12 were potentially pathogenic. In conclusion, Gram-negative flora of water samples taken in the examined hospitals complies with potable water sanitary standards by the lack of Enterobacteriaceae species, but creates a moderate health risk because of mediocre concentrations of Legionella and the presence of potentially pathogenic non-enterobacterial species. Descriptors Colony Count, Microbial, Enterobacteriaceae/isolation & purification, Filtration/methods/standards, Gram-Negative Bacteria/isolation & purification, Hospitals/standards, Humans, Legionella/isolation & purification, Poland, Risk Assessment, Water Microbiology, Water Supply/analysis/standards Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Stojek,N. M., Szymanska,J., Dutkiewicz,J. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic PMCID Editors
Trajectories of smokeless tobacco use and of cigarette smoking in a cohort of Swedish adolescents: differences and implications	2008	Stockholm Center for Public Health - Tobacco Prevention, Stockholm County Council, Stockholm, Sweden. ingvar.rosendahl.sll.se	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Nicotine & tobacco research : official journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco Periodical, Abbrev. Nicotine Tob.Res. Pub Date Free Form Jun Volume 10 Issue 6 Start Page 1021 Other Pages 1027 Notes LR: 20090217; JID: 9815751; ppublish Place of Publication England ISSN/ISBN 1462-2203; 1462-2203 Accession Number PMID: 18584465 Language eng SubFile Comparative Study; Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; IM DOI 10.1080/14622200802097522 [doi] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 18584465 Abstract Developmental trajectories of cigarette smoking have often been described, but there are no such analyses dealing with smokeless tobacco use. A semi-parametric group-based mixture modeling procedure was used to determine the development of smokeless tobacco (snus) use, as well as of cigarette smoking, over time in a cohort of 2,175 Swedish adolescents who were never-users of tobacco at the time of recruitment. An indicator of snus and of cigarette consumption in the previous year was used to model the development of the behavior between 11 and 18 years of age. For snus use three trajectories best described the cohort's experience, while four trajectories provided the best description of cigarette smoking in the cohort. For both tobacco types there were two escalation patterns and one sustained trial trajectory, while an extinction pattern was apparent for cigarette smoking only. Marked sex differences were found, since rapid escalation for snus use was found only among males while high consumption of cigarettes was observed only among females. Dual users (54.9% of all users) showed a trajectory of steeper and more prolonged increase of tobacco consumption than exclusive users of either snus or cigarettes. Several risk factors for tobacco use measured at baseline influenced individual probabilities of belonging to a particular trajectory. The developmental patterns of snus use and cigarette smoking showed high similarity, but they evolved differently in the two sexes. Dual users emerged as a high-risk group for tobacco dependence and tobacco-related harms. Descriptors Adolescent, Adolescent Behavior, Confidence Intervals, Cross-Sectional Studies, Female, Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice, Humans, Life Style, Male, Odds Ratio, Peer Group, Prevalence, Risk Factors, Risk-Taking, Smoking/epidemiology/psychology, Smoking Cessation/methods, Social Environment, Students/psychology/statistics & numerical data, Sweden/epidemiology, Tobacco Use Disorder/epidemiology/prevention & control, Tobacco, Smokeless Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Rosendahl,K. I., Galanti,M. R., Gilljam,H. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic PMCID Editors
Linking Global Youth Tobacco Survey (GYTS) data to the WHO Framework Convention on Tobacco Control: the case for Indonesia	2008	Department of Pulmonology and Respiratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Indonesia. doctjand@indosat.net.id	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Preventive medicine Periodical, Abbrev. Prev.Med. Pub Date Free Form Sep Volume 47 Suppl 1 Issue Start Page S11 Other Pages 4 Notes JID: 0322116; 0 (Tobacco Smoke Pollution); 2007/08/02 [received]; 2008/04/19 [revised]; 2008/05/05 [accepted]; 2008/05/10 [aheadofprint]; ppublish Place of Publication United States ISSN/ISBN 1096-0260; 0091-7435 Accession Number PMID: 18585772 Language eng SubFile Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.; IM DOI 10.1016/j.ypmed.2008.05.003 [doi] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 18585772 Abstract OBJECTIVES: Indonesia has the fifth highest rate of annual cigarette consumption per person of all countries worldwide. The Global Youth Tobacco Survey (GYTS) was developed to provide data on youth tobacco use to countries for their development of youth-based tobacco control programs. Data in this report can be used as baseline measures for future evaluation of the tobacco control program implemented by Indonesia's Ministry of Health. METHODS: The 2006 Indonesia GYTS is a school-based survey that included separate samples for Java and Sumatera, representing more than 84% of the population of Indonesia. Each sample used a two-stage cluster sample design that produced representative samples of students in secondary grades 1-3, which are associated with ages 13-15 years. RESULTS: This report shows that more than 1 in 10 students (12.6%) currently smoked cigarettes, with the prevalence among boys (24.5%) significantly higher than among girls (2.3%). Of the students who currently smoked, more than 7 in 10 (75.9%) reported that they desired to stop smoking now. Regarding secondhand smoke exposure, more than 6 in 10 students (64.2%) reported that they were exposed to smoke from other people in their home during the week before the survey. More than 9 in 10 students (92.9%) had seen a lot of advertisements for cigarettes on billboards during the past month and more than 8 in 10 (82.8%) had seen a lot of advertisements for cigarettes in newspapers or in magazines. CONCLUSIONS: Tobacco control in Indonesia will likely not move forward until the government evaluates and strengthens existing laws, considers passing new strong laws, and develops protocols for enforcing all laws. The Indonesian government also should strongly consider accession to the World Health Organization Framework Convention on Tobacco Control. Descriptors Adolescent, Adolescent Behavior/psychology, Environmental Exposure, Female, Humans, Indonesia/epidemiology, Male, Population Surveillance/methods, Prevalence, Sex Factors, Smoking/epidemiology/prevention & control/psychology, Smoking Cessation/psychology/statistics & numerical data, Tobacco Smoke Pollution/prevention & control/statistics & numerical data, World Health Organization Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Aditama,T. Y., Pradono,J., Rahman,K., Warren,C. W., Jones,N. R., Asma,S., Lee,J. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic 20080510 PMCID Editors
Study on method for benzene and its homologues in indoor air monitored by portable gas chromatography	2008	Institute for Environmental Health and Related Products Safety, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 100021, China.	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Wei sheng yan jiu = Journal of hygiene research Periodical, Abbrev. Wei Sheng Yan Jiu Pub Date Free Form Mar Volume 37 Issue 2 Start Page 164 Other Pages 167 Notes LR: 20131121; JID: 9426367; 0 (Benzene Derivatives); 3FPU23BG52 (Toluene); J64922108F (Benzene); L5I45M5G0O (ethylbenzene); ppublish Place of Publication China ISSN/ISBN 1000-8020; 1000-8020 Accession Number PMID: 18589598 Language chi SubFile English Abstract; Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; IM DOI Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 18589598 Abstract OBJECTIVE: To set up a method for the low concentration of benzene and its homologues (toluene, ethylbenzene and xylene, BTEX) in indoor air monitored simultaneously by portable gas chromatography (GC). METHODS: The target gas of individual benzene and its homologues was prepared in Tedlar bag by liquid standard solution. The air samples were collected with the on- board sampling pump and preconcentrated on a sorbent tube, then thermally desorbed into capillary column and detected by MAID detector to determine the retention time. Retention time was used to confirm the target compound. The mix calibration gas of benzene and its homologues was prepared by liquid external standard method. Peak area was used to determine the amount of mixture. RESULTS: The benzene and its homologues were separated very well in the selected analysis parameter. The analytical period was less than 15 min. The concentration ranges that could be determined were 0.018-0.879 mg/m3 of benzene, and 0.035-1.299 mg/m3 of toluene, and 0.035-1.300 mg/m3 of ethylbenzene, and 0.035-1.320 mg/m3 of m, p-xylene, and 0.035-1.296 mg/m3 of o-xylene, respectively. The minimum detectable concentration of benzene, toluene, m, p-xylene and o-xylene were 7.5, 11.5, 28.8, 30.3 and 30.6 microg/m3 respectively. The relative deviations between this method and standard method were less than 13.9% and 20.0% in laboratory and in filed study, respectively. In the precision experiment, the relative standard deviations of BTEX were less than 8.4% in different concentrations within one day and one week. CONCLUSION: This method which has high sensitivity and precision, and strong anti-interference ability could be used to detect the low concentration of benzene and its homologues in indoor air. Descriptors Air Pollution, Indoor/analysis, Benzene/analysis, Benzene Derivatives/analysis, Chromatography, Gas/methods, Environmental Monitoring/methods, Humans, Sensitivity and Specificity, Toluene/analysis Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Xu,C., Xu,D., Dong,X. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic PMCID Editors
Linking Global Youth Tobacco Survey (GYTS) data to the WHO Framework Convention on Tobacco Control (FCTC): the case for Lebanon	2008	Non-Communicable Disease Program World Health Organization, Beirut Office Glass Building 4th Floor, Museum Square Beirut Lebanon. saadeg@leb.emro.who.int	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Preventive medicine Periodical, Abbrev. Prev.Med. Pub Date Free Form Sep Volume 47 Suppl 1 Issue Start Page S15 Other Pages 9 Notes JID: 0322116; 0 (Tobacco Smoke Pollution); 2008/02/14 [received]; 2008/05/28 [revised]; 2008/06/04 [accepted]; 2008/06/12 [aheadofprint]; ppublish Place of Publication United States ISSN/ISBN 1096-0260; 0091-7435 Accession Number PMID: 18590759 Language eng SubFile Journal Article; IM DOI 10.1016/j.ypmed.2008.06.003 [doi] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 18590759 Abstract OBJECTIVES: The purpose of this paper is to use data collected in the 2001 and 2005 Lebanon Global Youth Tobacco Survey (GYTS) to monitor articles in the WHO Framework Convention on Tobacco Control (WHO FCTC). This information is necessary to enhance the capacity of the Ministry of Health and relevant organizations to design, implement, and evaluate tobacco control and prevention programs in Lebanon, especially among adolescents. METHODS: The GYTS is a school-based survey which uses a two-stage sample design to produce representative, independent, cross-sectional estimates. The GYTS was conducted in 2001 and 2005 in Lebanon to produce representative national estimates. Data in this report are limited to students aged 13-15 years. In total, 5035 students from 50 schools participated in 2001; and 3341 students from 50 schools participated in 2005. RESULTS: The data in this report show that, in 2005, 8.6% of the students currently smoked cigarettes, but 33.9% currently smoked narguileh. Half of current smokers wanted to stop smoking and 6 in 10 have tried to stop during the past year but have failed. In 2005, exposure to SHS at home (78.4%) and in public places (74.4%) was very high; while 85.2% thought smoking should be banned in public places. Nearly 9 in 10 students who usually buy their cigarettes in stores were not refused purchase because of their age. Overall, only half of the students in Lebanon reported that during the past school year they had been taught about the dangers of smoking. CONCLUSIONS: Data in this report can be used as baseline measures for future evaluation of the tobacco control programs implemented by the Ministry of Health with particular attention to youth. The key for the Lebanese parliament is to develop, endorse, implement and enforce these new tobacco control laws and use the data from GYTS to monitor progress toward achieving the goals of the WHO FCTC. One key component of tobacco control needs to be the monitoring of Narguileh use among youth, a new emergency. Descriptors Adolescent, Adolescent Behavior, Advertising as Topic, Female, Humans, Lebanon/epidemiology, Male, Population Surveillance, Prevalence, Sex Factors, Smoking/epidemiology/prevention & control, Smoking Cessation/psychology/statistics & numerical data, Substance-Related Disorders/epidemiology/prevention & control, Tobacco Smoke Pollution/legislation & jurisprudence/prevention & control/statistics & numerical data Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Saade,G., Warren,C. W., Jones,N. R., Asma,S., Mokdad,A. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic 20080612 PMCID Editors
Prevalence of patent foramen ovale (PFO) and MRI-lesions in mild neurological decompression sickness (type B-DCS/AGE)	2008	German Naval Medical Institute, Kiel-Kronshagen, Germany.	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Undersea & hyperbaric medicine : journal of the Undersea and Hyperbaric Medical Society, Inc Periodical, Abbrev. Undersea Hyperb.Med. Pub Date Free Form May-Jun Volume 35 Issue 3 Start Page 197 Other Pages 205 Notes JID: 9312954; ppublish Place of Publication United States ISSN/ISBN 1066-2936; 1066-2936 Accession Number PMID: 18619115 Language eng SubFile Journal Article; IM; S DOI Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 18619115 Abstract BACKGROUND: Neurological decompression sickness (DCS/AGE) may cover two variants with either severer and probably central nervous (Type A) or milder and sometimes doubtful neurological symptoms (Type B). The pathophysiology of the Type B-DCS/AGE might be different from the Type A-variant. In Type A-DCS/AGE a higher PFO-prevalence (patent foramen ovale) points towards an embolic origin of the Type A-symptomatology. This is not necessarily expected for the Type B-DCS/AGE if the pathophysiology here is micro-embolic or even non-embolic. METHODS: 18 patients with Type B-DCS/AGE were tested against matched controls for presence and size of a PFO with echocardiography and transcranial ultrasound with echo-contrast. Prevalence and number of Type A-brain lesions were visualized by cranial MRI as possible sequelae from gas-embolic events. RESULTS: PFO-prevalence in both groups, the patients with Type B-DCS/AGE (5/18) as well as the controls (7/18) was similar to published PFO-prevalences in normals without any difference between patients and controls (p = 0.725). Also the number of MRI-lesions (ACFs) was the same for Type B-DCS/AGE cases (15 ACFs in 5 patients) and controls (37 ACFs in 8 divers). CONCLUSION: Indirect findings suggesting embolic brain injuries are found with similar frequency in patients with Type B-DCS/AGE and normal controls, which is in contrast to data about Type A-DCS/AGE. This is compatible with different pathophysiological mechanisms involved in the Type A- and Type B-DCS/AGE. Descriptors Adult, Brain Diseases/diagnosis/physiopathology, Case-Control Studies, Decompression Sickness/physiopathology, Echocardiography, Embolism, Air/diagnosis/physiopathology, Female, Foramen Ovale, Patent/diagnosis/epidemiology/physiopathology, Humans, Intracranial Embolism/diagnosis/physiopathology, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Male, Prevalence, Statistics, Nonparametric Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Koch,A. E., Kirsch,H., Reuter,M., Warninghoff,V., Rieckert,H., Deuschl,G. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic PMCID Editors
Underutilization of echocardiography for patent foramen ovale in divers with serious decompression sickness	2008	Center for Hyperbaric Medicine and Environmental Physiology, Department of Anesthesiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA.	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Undersea & hyperbaric medicine : journal of the Undersea and Hyperbaric Medical Society, Inc Periodical, Abbrev. Undersea Hyperb.Med. Pub Date Free Form May-Jun Volume 35 Issue 3 Start Page 207 Other Pages 211 Notes JID: 9312954; ppublish Place of Publication United States ISSN/ISBN 1066-2936; 1066-2936 Accession Number PMID: 18619116 Language eng SubFile Journal Article; IM; S DOI Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 18619116 Abstract The presence of a patent foramen ovale (PFO) in compressed gas diving has been considered a risk factor for serious decompression illness (DCS) for more than 20 years. We conducted a ten year retrospective chart review aimed at determining if physicians treating DCS in a university medical center setting used echocardiography to assess PFO in patients with severe DCS, and if so whether PFO is over-represented in that population. Over the ten-year period, 113 divers underwent recompression therapy for decompression sickness. Of these patients, 48 had serious DCS defined by at least one objective neurological finding. We reviewed medical records for the presence of agitated saline contrast echocardiogram testing and whether or not PFO was present. Only 12 of 48 patients with serious DCS underwent transthoracic agitated saline contrast echocardiogram testing. Of these 12 patients, 6 (50%) had a resting PFO. Binomial proportion testing yielded 95% confidence limits of 21% and 79%. Given 27% PFO prevalence in the general population, PFO may be over-represented in our group of most seriously injured DCS patients yet 75% of patients with objective neurological signs did not undergo echocardiography. Descriptors Adult, Aged, Decompression Sickness/ultrasonography, Diving, Echocardiography/utilization, Embolism, Air/ultrasonography, Female, Foramen Ovale, Patent/ultrasonography, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Retrospective Studies Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Harrah,J. D., O'Boyle,P. S., Piantadosi,C. A. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic PMCID Editors
The effect of smoke-free homes on smoking behavior in the U.S	2008	Cancer Prevention and Control Program, Moores UCSD Cancer Center, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093-0901, USA.	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full American Journal of Preventive Medicine Periodical, Abbrev. Am.J.Prev.Med. Pub Date Free Form Sep Volume 35 Issue 3 Start Page 210 Other Pages 216 Notes JID: 8704773; 2008/04/10 [received]; 2008/05/16 [revised]; 2008/05/19 [accepted]; 2008/07/11 [aheadofprint]; ppublish Place of Publication Netherlands ISSN/ISBN 0749-3797; 0749-3797 Accession Number PMID: 18620837 Language eng SubFile Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; IM DOI 10.1016/j.amepre.2008.05.023 [doi] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 18620837 Abstract BACKGROUND: Evidence from longitudinal population surveys is needed to establish whether smoke-free homes might influence smoking behavior. METHODS: The Tobacco Use Supplement of the nationally representative U.S. Current Population Survey (TUS-CPS) interviewed 3292 adult recent smokers in 2002 and again 12 months later. Both surveys measured smoking status, rules on smoking in the home, and the number of cigarettes smoked per day (cpd). For the main study outcome, an early marker of successful cessation (>or=90 days quit) was used. Analysis was completed in 2008. RESULTS: In the 12 months ending February 2003, the prevalence of smoke-free homes among recent smokers increased from 33% to 39%. A smoke-free home at baseline was associated with >or=90 days cessation at follow-up (10.9% vs 6.2%, AOR=1.44; 95% CI=0.97, 2.21), and those who maintained a smoke-free home were more likely to be >or=90 days quit than those who did not (12.9% vs 5.7%, AOR=1.99; 95% CI=0.93, 4.25). However, adopting a smoke-free home during the year was associated with a nearly fivefold increase in the percentage of >or=90 days quit (AOR=4.81; 95% CI=3.06, 7.59). This increase was seen among all smokers, including moderate-to-heavy smokers (>or=90 days quit: a smoke-free home=13.0% vs no smoke-free home=2.9%, p<0.001). Among continuing smokers with a smoke-free home at baseline, maintenance of te smoke-free home was associated with a decline in consumption (micro=or-2.18; 95 CI=or-1.24; -3.10 cpd). Among continuing smokers with no smoke-free home at baseline, adoption of that status was also associated with a decline in consumption (micro=or-1.72; 95% CI=or-0.58; -2.85 cpd). CONCLUSIONS: This study provides strong evidence that the adoption of a smoke-free home is associated with successful quitting among smokers in the U.S. Descriptors Adolescent, Adult, Aged, Confidence Intervals, Female, Health Behavior, Health Promotion, Health Surveys, Humans, Longitudinal Studies, Male, Middle Aged, Prevalence, Risk-Taking, Smoking/epidemiology/prevention & control, Smoking Cessation, Social Marketing, United States/epidemiology, Young Adult Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Messer,K., Mills,A. L., White,M. M., Pierce,J. P. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic 20080711 PMCID Editors
Cell density and cell aging as factors modulating antifungal resistance of Candida albicans biofilms	2008	Faculty of Dentistry, Oral Biosciences, The University of Hong Kong, Prince Philip Dental Hospital, Hong Kong. lakshman@hku.hk	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy Periodical, Abbrev. Antimicrob.Agents Chemother. Pub Date Free Form Sep Volume 52 Issue 9 Start Page 3259 Other Pages 3266 Notes LR: 20140903; JID: 0315061; 0 (Antifungal Agents); 0 (Culture Media); 0 (Polystyrenes); OID: NLM: PMC2533466; 2008/07/14 [aheadofprint]; ppublish Place of Publication United States ISSN/ISBN 1098-6596; 0066-4804 Accession Number PMID: 18625775 Language eng SubFile Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; IM DOI 10.1128/AAC.00541-08 [doi] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 18625775 Abstract Biofilm formation is a major virulence attribute of Candida pathogenicity which contributes to higher antifungal resistance. We investigated the roles of cell density and cellular aging on the relative antifungal susceptibility of planktonic, biofilm, and biofilm-derived planktonic modes of Candida. A reference and a wild-type strain of Candida albicans were used to evaluate the MICs of caspofungin (CAS), amphotericin B (AMB), nystatin (NYT), ketoconazole (KTC), and flucytosine (5FC). Standard, NCCLS, and European Committee on Antibiotic Susceptibility Testing methods were used for planktonic MIC determination. Candida biofilms were then developed on polystyrene wells, and MICs were determined with a standard 2,3-bis(2-methoxy-4-nitro-5-sulfophenyl)-5-[(phenylamino)carbonyl]-2H-tetrazolium hydroxide assay. Subsequently, antifungal susceptibility testing was performed for greater inoculum concentrations and 24- and 48-h-old cultures of planktonic Candida. Furthermore, Candida biofilm-derived planktonic cells (BDPC) were also subjected to antifungal susceptibility testing. The MICs for both C. albicans strains in the planktonic mode were low, although on increasing the inoculum concentration (up to 1 x 10(8) cells/ml), a variable MIC was noted. On the contrary, for Candida biofilms, the MICs of antifungals were 15- to >1,000-fold higher. Interestingly, the MICs for BDPC were lower and were similar to those for planktonic-mode cells, particularly those of CAS and AMB. Our data indicate that higher antifungal resistance of Candida biofilms is an intrinsic feature possibly related to the biofilm architecture rather than cellular density or cellular aging. Descriptors Antifungal Agents/pharmacology, Biofilms/drug effects/growth & development, Candida albicans/drug effects/growth & development/physiology, Cell Adhesion, Colony Count, Microbial, Culture Media, Drug Resistance, Fungal, Humans, Microbial Sensitivity Tests/methods, Polystyrenes, Time Factors Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Seneviratne,C. J., Jin,L. J., Samaranayake,Y. H., Samaranayake,L. P. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic 20080714 PMCID PMC2533466 Editors
Trends in species distribution and susceptibility of bloodstream isolates of Candida collected in Monterrey, Mexico, to seven antifungal agents: results of a 3-year (2004 to 2007) surveillance study	2008	Departamento de Microbiologia, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autonoma de Nuevo Leon, Colonia Mitras Centro, Monterrey, NL, Mexico. gmglez@yahoo.com.mx	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Journal of clinical microbiology Periodical, Abbrev. J.Clin.Microbiol. Pub Date Free Form Sep Volume 46 Issue 9 Start Page 2902 Other Pages 2905 Notes LR: 20141120; JID: 7505564; 0 (Antifungal Agents); 0 (ER 30346); 0 (Echinocandins); 0 (Pyrimidines); 0 (Thiazoles); 0 (Triazoles); 304NUG5GF4 (Itraconazole); 6TK1G07BHZ (posaconazole); 7XU7A7DROE (Amphotericin B); 8VZV102JFY (Fluconazole); F0XDI6ZL63 (cas Place of Publication United States ISSN/ISBN 1098-660X; 0095-1137 Accession Number PMID: 18632907 Language eng SubFile Journal Article; IM DOI 10.1128/JCM.00937-08 [doi] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 18632907 Abstract During a 3-year surveillance program (2004 to 2007) in Monterrey, Mexico, 398 isolates of Candida spp. were collected from five hospitals. We established the species distribution and in vitro susceptibilities of these isolates. The species included 127 Candida albicans strains, 151 C. parapsilosis strains, 59 C. tropicalis strains, 32 C. glabrata strains, 11 C. krusei strains, 5 C. guilliermondii strains, 4 C. famata strains, 2 C. utilis strains, 2 C. zeylanoides strains, 2 C. rugosa strains, 2 C. lusitaniae strains, and 1 C. boidinii strain. The species distribution differed with the age of the patients. The proportion of candidemias caused by C. parapsilosis was higher among infants 45 years old). MICs were calculated following the criteria of the Clinical Laboratory Standards Institute reference broth macrodilution method. Overall, C. albicans, C. parapsilosis, and C. tropicalis isolates were susceptible to fluconazole and amphotericin B. However, 31.3% of C. glabrata isolates were resistant to fluconazole (MIC >or= 64 microg/ml), 43.3% were resistant to itraconazole (MIC >or= 1 microg/ml), and 12.5% displayed resistance to amphotericin B (MIC >or= 2 microg/ml). Newer triazoles, namely, voriconazole, posaconazole, and ravuconazole, had a notable in vitro activity against all Candida species tested. Also, caspofungin was active against Candida sp. isolates (MIC(90) <or= 0.5 microg/ml) except C. parapsilosis (MIC(90) = 2 microg/ml). It is imperative to promote a national-level surveillance program to monitor this important microorganism. Descriptors Adolescent, Adult, Age Factors, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Amphotericin B/pharmacology/therapeutic use, Antifungal Agents/pharmacology/therapeutic use, Candida/drug effects, Candida albicans/drug effects, Candida glabrata/drug effects, Candida tropicalis/drug effects, Candidiasis/drug therapy/microbiology, Child, Child, Preschool, Echinocandins/pharmacology/therapeutic use, Female, Fluconazole/pharmacology/therapeutic use, Humans, Infant, Infant, Newborn, Itraconazole/pharmacology/therapeutic use, Male, Mexico, Microbial Sensitivity Tests, Middle Aged, Pyrimidines/pharmacology/therapeutic use, Thiazoles/pharmacology/therapeutic use, Triazoles/pharmacology/therapeutic use, Voriconazole, Young Adult Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Gonzalez,G. M., Elizondo,M., Ayala,J. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic 20080716 PMCID PMC2546732 Editors

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