WTS database

Title	Pub Year	Author	SearchLink Sort descending
Determination of tar, nicotine, and carbon monoxide yields in the mainstream smoke of selected international cigarettes	2004	National Center for Environmental Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia 30341, USA.	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Tobacco control Periodical, Abbrev. Tob.Control Pub Date Free Form Mar Volume 13 Issue 1 Start Page 45 Other Pages 51 Notes LR: 20151119; JID: 9209612; 0 (Air Pollutants); 0 (Smoke); 0 (Tars); 6M3C89ZY6R (Nicotine); 7U1EE4V452 (Carbon Monoxide); OID: NLM: PMC1747810; ppublish Place of Publication England ISSN/ISBN 1468-3318; 0964-4563 Accession Number PMID: 14985595 Language eng SubFile Comparative Study; Journal Article; Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.; IM DOI Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 14985595 Abstract OBJECTIVE: Survey of nicotine, tar, and carbon monoxide (CO) smoke deliveries from 77 cigarette brands purchased in 35 countries was conducted using a standardised machine smoking method. The goal of this study was to determine regional variations and differences in the tar, nicotine, and CO smoke yields of a cigarette brand manufactured by a leading transnational corporation and of non-US locally popular cigarette brands. DESIGN: The majority of the cigarettes were purchased in each of the participating countries by delegate members of the World Health Organization and forwarded to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention for analysis. Smoke deliveries were determined using a standardised smoking machine method and subsequent gravimetric and gas chromatography analysis. RESULTS: The smoke deliveries varied widely. Mainstream smoke deliveries varied from 6.8 to 21.6 mg tar/cigarette, 0.5 to 1.6 mg nicotine/cigarette, and 5.9 to 17.4 mg CO/cigarette. In addition to the smoke deliveries, the cigarettes were examined to determine physical parameters such as filter composition, length, and ventilation levels. CONCLUSION: Analysis of the smoke deliveries suggested that cigarettes from the Eastern Mediterranean, Southeast Asia, and Western Pacific WHO regions tended to have higher tar, nicotine, and CO smoke deliveries than did brands from the European, American, or African WHO regions surveyed. Descriptors Air Pollutants/analysis, Carbon Monoxide/analysis, Nicotine/analysis, Smoke/analysis, Tars/analysis, Tobacco Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Calafat,A. M., Polzin,G. M., Saylor,J., Richter,P., Ashley,D. L., Watson,C. H. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic PMCID PMC1747810 Editors
Gastric antiulcer activity of Syngonanthus arthrotrichus SILVEIRA	2004	Departamento de Ciencias Farmaceuticas, Centro de Ciencias da Saude, Universidade Federal da Paraiba (UFPB), Joao Pessoa, PB, Brazil. leoniab@uol.com.br	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Biological & pharmaceutical bulletin Periodical, Abbrev. Biol.Pharm.Bull. Pub Date Free Form Mar Volume 27 Issue 3 Start Page 328 Other Pages 332 Notes LR: 20131121; JID: 9311984; 0 (2-Pyridinylmethylsulfinylbenzimidazoles); 0 (Anti-Ulcer Agents); 0 (Plant Extracts); 0 (Prostaglandins); 004F72P8F4 (Bethanechol); 0K5C5T2QPG (Lansoprazole); 3K9958V90M (Ethanol); 80061L1WGD (Cimetidine); KG60484QX9 (Omepraz Place of Publication Japan ISSN/ISBN 0918-6158; 0918-6158 Accession Number PMID: 14993797 Language eng SubFile Comparative Study; Journal Article; IM DOI Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 14993797 Abstract Syngonanthus arthrotrichus SILVEIRA, popularly known as "sempre-vivas mini-saia," is found in mountains of the Espinhaco range in the Brazilian states of Bahia and Minas Gerais. Extracts of this species contain several constituents, including flavonoids which may have antiulcerogenic activity. An ethanolic extract (EEOH), and flavonoid-rich (FRF) and flavonoid-deficient (FDF) fractions obtained from the scapes of S. arthrotrichus were investigated for their ability to prevent ulceration of the gastric mucosa in mice and rats. In the ethanol/HCl-induced ulcer model, lansoprazole (30 mg/kg), EEOH (50, 100, 250 mg/kg) given orally protected the gastric mucosal against injury in mice by 79%, 78%, 73%, and 64% respectively. In the ethanol-induced gastric ulcer model in rats, the lansoprazole (30 mg/kg), FRF and FDF (100 mg/kg) significantly protected the gastric mucosal of rats by 65%, 38% and 25% respectively when compared with the negative control group. In indomethacin/bethanechol-induced gastric ulcers, cimetidine (100 mg/kg) and the EEOH (100, 250 mg/kg) inhibited gastric ulcer formation by 73%, 55% and 32% respectively. In this exactly model other treatments as cimetidine, FRF and FDF (100 mg/kg) each caused 54%, 36% and 45% inhibition, respectively. In the stress-induced gastric ulcer model, cimetidine (100 mg/kg) and the EEOH (50, 100, 250 mg/kg), inhibited gastric ulcer formation by 63%, 73%, 68% and 69% respectively. In the same model, cimetidine, FRF and FDF (100 mg/kg) significantly protected the gastric mucosal of the mice by 60%, 51% and 47% when compared to the control group. In pylorus-ligated mice, cimetidine (positive control) and FRF significantly decreased gastric acid secretion, increased gastric pH and reduced the acid output when compared to the negative control. FDF had no significant effect on these parameters. The protection provided by FRF probably involved an antisecretory mechanism mediated by flavonoids which were absent in FDF. The amount of adherent mucous in the stomach contents was also evaluated with the treatments carbenoxolone (200 mg/kg), FRF and FDF (100 mg/kg) treatment. Each treatments significantly increased the amount of adherent mucous in the gastric juice (8.67+/-1.73, 3.35+/-1.59, 2.1+/-0.41 mg/g of wet tissue, respectively) compared to the control group, indicating a cytoprotective action on the gastric mucosa. Treatment with FRF plus indomethacin and FDF plus indomethacin reduced the prostaglandin biosyntesis (13.6+/-6.5, 27+/-5.5 pg/well) by the mucosa, indicating that the cytoprotective action on the gastric mucosa was not related to the level of prostaglandins. Only FDF (38+/-17 pg/well) maintained the level of prostaglandins and guaranteed the integrity of the mucosa. The results indicate that the EEOH, FRF and FDF have antisecretory and cytoprotective actions, that may be related to the presence of luteoline in the extract and active fractions. Descriptors 2-Pyridinylmethylsulfinylbenzimidazoles, Animals, Anti-Ulcer Agents/chemistry/pharmacology/therapeutic use, Bethanechol, Cimetidine/therapeutic use, Disease Models, Animal, Eriocaulaceae/chemistry, Ethanol, Gastric Juice/secretion, Gastrointestinal Contents/chemistry, Hydrogen-Ion Concentration, Indomethacin, Lansoprazole, Male, Mice, Mucus/chemistry, Omeprazole/analogs & derivatives/therapeutic use, Phytotherapy, Plant Extracts/chemistry/pharmacology/therapeutic use, Prostaglandins/biosynthesis, Rats, Rats, Wistar, Stomach Ulcer/drug therapy/etiology/physiopathology, Stress, Psychological/complications Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Batista,L. M., de Almeida,A. B., de Pietro Magri,L., Toma,W., Calvo,T. R., Vilegas,W., Souza Brito,A. R. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic PMCID Editors
Effects of nitrogen forms on nutrient uptake and growth of trees	2003	Northeast Forestry University, Haerbin 150040, China.	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Ying yong sheng tai xue bao = The journal of applied ecology / Zhongguo sheng tai xue xue hui, Zhongguo ke xue yuan Shenyang ying yong sheng tai yan jiu suo zhu ban Periodical, Abbrev. Ying Yong Sheng Tai Xue Bao Pub Date Free Form Nov Volume 14 Issue 11 Start Page 2044 Other Pages 2048 Notes LR: 20131121; JID: 9425159; 0 (Nitrates); 0 (Quaternary Ammonium Compounds); N762921K75 (Nitrogen); RF: 46; ppublish Place of Publication China ISSN/ISBN 1001-9332; 1001-9332 Accession Number PMID: 14997674 Language chi SubFile English Abstract; Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; Review; IM DOI Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 14997674 Abstract Forest tree species take up both NH4(+)-N and NO3(-)-N forms of nitrogen (N) during their growth. However, the effects of N form on nutrition uptake and tree growth are different due to the different N forms. Generally, trees show preference to N source, and most conifers prefer to NH4(+)-N while the preference to N form of broadleaved trees is unclear. The preference may be correlated with the pH value of the site on which the trees grown. The trees grown on acid soil generally appear preference to NH4(+)-N while trees grown on litmusless or alkaline soil prefer to NO3(-)-N. Fungus also can alter the tree uptake characteristic to NH4(+)-N and NO3(-)-N. In some species, the NO3(-)-N uptake capacity increased remarkably while uptake capacity of NH4(+)-N keep consistent when fungus were inoculated. NH4(+)-N and NO3(-)-N have different effects on other nutrient ions uptake because of the difference charge of NH4(+)-N and NO3(-)-N. In general, NH4(+)-N accelerates the anion absorption while inhibits cation absorption. The effects of nitrogen forms on nutrition uptake are related with not only the charge of NH4(+)-N and NO3(-)-N, but also the restrain effects among other ions. Sometimes, NH4(+)-N inhibits NO3(-)-N uptake, but the mechanism is not very clear now. The form of which nitrogen is taken up by trees will induce the change of rhizospheric pH value. Uptake of NH4(+)-N results in the decrease of rhizospheric pH value. Contrary, uptake of NO3(-)-N will cause the increase of rhizospheric pH value. The change of rhizospheric pH value will affect nutrient availability and thus affect nutrition uptake and utilization by trees. Trees grow differently after NH4(+)-N and NO3(-)-N uptake. When supplied with NH4(+)-N, some confers that prefer to NH4(+)-N grow better while a few ammonium-preference conifers hardly show the better growth. Nevertheless, most plants grow better when both forms of N supplied simultaneously than either of N source supplied alone. For few similar studies were carried out with tree species, it needs to do more researches. Descriptors Nitrates/metabolism/pharmacology, Nitrogen/metabolism, Quaternary Ammonium Compounds/metabolism/pharmacology, Trees/growth & development/metabolism Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Zhang,Y., Bai,S. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic PMCID Editors
Symptoms, acid exposure and motility in patients with Barrett's esophagus	2004	Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Western Ontario, London, Ont.	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Canadian journal of surgery.Journal canadien de chirurgie Periodical, Abbrev. Can.J.Surg. Pub Date Free Form Feb Volume 47 Issue 1 Start Page 47 Other Pages 51 Notes LR: 20140609; JID: 0372715; OID: NLM: PMC3211802; ppublish Place of Publication Canada ISSN/ISBN 0008-428X; 0008-428X Accession Number PMID: 14997925 Language eng SubFile Comparative Study; Journal Article; IM DOI Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 14997925 Abstract INTRODUCTION: Barrett's esophagus, a syndrome in which the squamous mucosa that normally lines the distal esophagus is replaced with columnar epithelium, is found in a small percentage of patients presenting with gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD). The columnar epithelium may be protective, guarding people afflicted with Barrett's esophagus from experiencing symptoms related to acid reflux. The purpose of this study was to investigate whether people with Barrett's esophagus subjectively experience fewer symptoms or symptoms of decreased severity, despite sustaining greater acid exposure, than those with GERD but without Barrett's syndrome. METHODS: We conducted a chart review of patients with GERD. Criteria for inclusion in the study were esophagogastroscopy, motility testing and a 24-hour pH study. Fifty-eight patients (29 men, 29 women) fulfilled these criteria. The diagnosis of GERD was based on an abnormal 24-hour pH study (DeMeester score). Of these 58 patients, 21 (14 men, 7 women) were found to have histologically confirmed Barrett's esophagus. A questionnaire to assess the key symptoms of GERD was administered, with a severity score ranging from 0 to 3 (3 being the most severe) for each symptom. RESULTS: Patients with Barrett's esophagus experienced symptoms significantly less severe (p 5 min) of acid exposure (p = 0.033) and an increased percentage of time when their pH was less than 4. Patients with Barrett's esophagus had decreased resting lower esophageal sphincter tone, and number and amplitude of peristaltic contractions. CONCLUSIONS: For patients with Barrett's esophagus, the columnar epithelium may serve a protective function in guarding against symptoms of acid reflux. This has implications for the diagnosis and management of this condition. Descriptors Adult, Age Distribution, Aged, Barrett Esophagus/epidemiology/pathology, Biopsy, Needle, Cohort Studies, Comorbidity, Esophagoscopy, Esophagus/physiology, Female, Gastric Acidity Determination, Gastroesophageal Reflux/epidemiology/pathology, Humans, Hydrogen-Ion Concentration, Immunohistochemistry, Incidence, Male, Manometry, Middle Aged, Peristalsis, Probability, Risk Assessment, Severity of Illness Index, Sex Distribution Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Brandt,M. G., Darling,G. E., Miller,L. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic PMCID PMC3211802 Editors
Effects of smoking on clinical parameters and the gingival crevicular fluid levels of IL-6 and TNF-alpha in patients with chronic periodontitis	2004	Department of Periodontology, School of Dentistry, Selcuk University, Konya, Turkey. ebruerdemir@hotmail.com	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Journal of clinical periodontology Periodical, Abbrev. J.Clin.Periodontol. Pub Date Free Form Feb Volume 31 Issue 2 Start Page 99 Other Pages 104 Notes LR: 20061115; CI: Copyright Blackwell Munksgaard, 2004; JID: 0425123; 0 (Interleukin-6); 0 (Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha); ppublish Place of Publication Denmark ISSN/ISBN 0303-6979; 0303-6979 Accession Number PMID: 15016034 Language eng SubFile Comparative Study; Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; D; IM DOI 10.1111/j.0303-6979.2004.00454.x [doi] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 15016034 Abstract OBJECTIVE: Smoking is an important environmental risk factor for the initiation and progression of periodontal diseases. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of smoking on clinical parameters and the gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) contents of the pro-inflammatory cytokines interleukin-6 (IL-6) and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) levels in patients with chronic periodontitis. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The study base consisted of 41 patients including 22 volunteer current smokers with an age range of 32-59 (44.41+/-7.88) years and 19 volunteer non-smokers with an age range of 36-59 (46.94+/-6.07) years. The first month after non-surgical periodontal therapy was accepted as the baseline of the study. The clinical parameters including plaque index (PI), gingival index (GI), bleeding on probing (BOP), probing depth (PD), clinical attachment loss (CAL) were recorded and GCF samples were collected for analysis of GCF contents of IL-6 and TNF-alpha levels. At the 3rd and 6th months, all of these procedures were repeated. RESULTS: In smokers, only CAL was significantly higher at the 3rd month compared with non-smokers (p0.05), the total amount of TNF-alpha in GCF decreased from the initial to the 6th month in smokers (p0.05). CONCLUSION: The present study demonstrated that cigarette smoking increases the amount of dental plaque over time in smokers and does not influence GCF contents of IL-6 and TNF-alpha. Descriptors Adult, Analysis of Variance, Chronic Disease, Dental Plaque Index, Dental Scaling, Female, Follow-Up Studies, Gingival Crevicular Fluid/chemistry, Gingival Hemorrhage/physiopathology, Humans, Interleukin-6/analysis, Male, Middle Aged, Periodontal Attachment Loss/physiopathology, Periodontal Index, Periodontal Pocket/physiopathology, Periodontitis/physiopathology/therapy, Root Planing, Smoking/physiopathology, Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha/analysis Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Erdemir,E. O., Duran,I., Haliloglu,S. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic PMCID Editors
Factors influencing the development of Barrett's epithelium in the esophageal remnant postesophagectomy	2004	University Department of Surgery, St James' Hospital, Dublin 8, Ireland.	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full The American Journal of Gastroenterology Periodical, Abbrev. Am.J.Gastroenterol. Pub Date Free Form Feb Volume 99 Issue 2 Start Page 205 Other Pages 211 Notes LR: 20061115; JID: 0421030; CIN: Am J Gastroenterol. 2005 Feb;100(2):499. PMID: 15667516; ppublish Place of Publication United States ISSN/ISBN 0002-9270; 0002-9270 Accession Number PMID: 15046206 Language eng SubFile Comparative Study; Journal Article; IM DOI Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 15046206 Abstract BACKGROUND: Barrett's esophagus results from chronic reflux of both acid and bile. Reflux of gastric and duodenal contents is facilitated through the denervated stomach following esophagectomy, but the development of Barrett's changes in this model and the relationship to gastric and esophageal physiology is poorly understood. AIMS: To document the development of new Barrett's changes, i.e., columnar metaplasia or specialized intestinal metaplasia (SIM) above the anastomosis, and relate this to the recovery of gastric acid production, acid and bile reflux, manometry, and symptoms. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Forty-eight patients at a median follow-up of 26 months (range = 12-67) postesophagectomy underwent endoscopy with biopsies taken 1-2 cm above the anastomosis. The indication for esophagectomy had been adenocarcinoma (n = 27), high-grade dysplasia (n = 2), and squamous cell cancer (n = 19). Physiology studies were performed in 27 patients and included manometry (n = 25), intraluminal gastric pH (n = 24), as well as simultaneous 24-hour esophageal pH (n = 27) and bile monitoring (n = 20). RESULTS: Duodenogastric reflux increased over time, with differences between patients greater than and less than 3 years postesophagectomy for acid (p = 0.04) and bile (p = 0.02). Twenty-four patients (50%) developed columnar metaplasia and of these 13 had SIM. The prevalence of columnar metaplasia did not relate to the magnitude of acid or bile reflux, to preoperative neoadjuvant therapies, or to the original tumor histology. The duration of reflux was most significant, with increasing prevalence over time, with SIM in 13 patients at a median of 61 months postesophagectomy compared with 20 months in the 35 patients who were SIM-negative (p < 0.006). Supine reflux correlated with symptoms. CONCLUSIONS: The development of Barrett's epithelium is frequent after esophagectomy, is time-related, reflecting chronic acid and bile exposure, and is not specific for adenocarcinoma or the presence of previous Barrett's epithelium. This model may represent a useful in vivo model of the pathogenesis of Barrett's metaplasia and tumorigenesis. Descriptors Adenocarcinoma/surgery, Barrett Esophagus/etiology/pathology/physiopathology/surgery, Bile Reflux/etiology/pathology/physiopathology, Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/surgery, Cohort Studies, Esophageal Neoplasms/surgery, Esophagectomy/adverse effects, Esophagus/pathology/physiopathology/surgery, Female, Gastroesophageal Reflux/etiology/pathology/physiopathology, Humans, Male, Models, Biological, Retrospective Studies, Time Factors Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors O'Riordan,J. M., Tucker,O. N., Byrne,P. J., McDonald,G. S., Ravi,N., Keeling,P. W., Reynolds,J. V. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic PMCID Editors
Prenatal and postnatal environmental tobacco smoke exposure and children's health	2004	Department of Family Medicine and Community Health, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts 01655, USA. difranzj@ummhc.org	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Pediatrics Periodical, Abbrev. Pediatrics Pub Date Free Form Apr Volume 113 Issue 4 Suppl Start Page 1007 Other Pages 1015 Notes LR: 20061115; JID: 0376422; 0 (Tobacco Smoke Pollution); RF: 173; ppublish Place of Publication United States ISSN/ISBN 1098-4275; 0031-4005 Accession Number PMID: 15060193 Language eng SubFile Journal Article; Review; AIM; IM DOI Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 15060193 Abstract Children's exposure to tobacco constituents during fetal development and via environmental tobacco smoke (ETS) exposure is perhaps the most ubiquitous and hazardous of children's environmental exposures. A large literature links both prenatal maternal smoking and children's ETS exposure to decreased lung growth and increased rates of respiratory tract infections, otitis media, and childhood asthma, with the severity of these problems increasing with increased exposure. Sudden infant death syndrome, behavioral problems, neurocognitive decrements, and increased rates of adolescent smoking also are associated with such exposures. Studies of each of these problems suggest independent effects of both pre- and postnatal exposure for each, with the respiratory risk associated with parental smoking seeming to be greatest during fetal development and the first several years of life. Descriptors Animals, Asthma/etiology, Child, Child Behavior/drug effects, Embryonic and Fetal Development/drug effects, Female, Humans, Infant, Intelligence/drug effects, Otitis Media/etiology, Pregnancy, Respiratory Tract Infections/etiology, Smoking/adverse effects, Sudden Infant Death/etiology, Tobacco Smoke Pollution/adverse effects/analysis Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors DiFranza,J. R., Aligne,C. A., Weitzman,M. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic PMCID Editors
Determination of bisphenol A diglycidyl ether and its hydrolysis and chlorohydroxy derivatives by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry	2004	Analytical Chemistry, Nutrition and Bromatology Department, Pharmacy Faculty, Campus Sur University of Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain.	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Journal of chromatography.A Periodical, Abbrev. J.Chromatogr.A Pub Date Free Form 2-Apr Volume 1032 Issue 2-Jan Start Page 37 Other Pages 43 Notes LR: 20131121; JID: 9318488; 0 (Benzhydryl Compounds); 0 (Ethers); 0 (Phenols); MLT3645I99 (bisphenol A); ppublish Place of Publication Netherlands ISSN/ISBN 0021-9673; 0021-9673 Accession Number PMID: 15065774 Language eng SubFile Journal Article; IM DOI Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 15065774 Abstract European Legislation establishes that the sum of the migration levels of bisphenol A diglycidyl ether (BADGE), its hydrolysis (BADGE.H2O and BADGE.2H2O) and chlorohydroxy (BADGE.HCl, BADGE.2HCl and BADGE.H2O.HCl) derivatives shall not exceed the limit of 1 mg/kg in foodstuffs or food simulants. A reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatographic (RP-HPLC) method combined with mass spectrometry detection using atmospheric pressure chemical ionisation (APCI) is developed for the separation, quantification and identification of the interesting compounds. Quantification of the analytes was carried out in the single ion recording mode, once their characteristic masses were selected from their full spectra, by using an external calibration. The optimised method was suitable for the migration evaluation of these compounds in different samples. Descriptors Benzhydryl Compounds, Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid/methods, Ethers, Hydrolysis, Mass Spectrometry/methods, Phenols/analysis/chemistry, Reproducibility of Results, Sensitivity and Specificity Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Sendon Garcia,R., Paseiro Losada,P. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic PMCID Editors
Gastro-oesophageal reflux disease, reflux oesophagitis and non-erosive reflux disease in a multiracial Asian population: a prospective, endoscopy based study	2004	Division of Gastroenterology, Dept of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full European journal of gastroenterology & hepatology Periodical, Abbrev. Eur.J.Gastroenterol.Hepatol. Pub Date Free Form May Volume 16 Issue 5 Start Page 495 Other Pages 501 Notes LR: 20091016; JID: 9000874; ppublish Place of Publication England ISSN/ISBN 0954-691X; 0954-691X Accession Number PMID: 15097043 Language eng SubFile Journal Article; IM DOI 00042737-200405000-00010 [pii] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 15097043 Abstract OBJECTIVE: To determine the prevalence of and risk factors for gastro-oesophageal reflux disease (GORD), reflux oesophagitis and non-erosive reflux disease (NERD) amongst Malaysian patients undergoing upper gastrointestinal endoscopic examination. DESIGN: A cross-sectional study on consecutive patients with dyspepsia undergoing upper gastrointestinal endoscopy. SETTING: A large general hospital in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. PARTICIPANTS: Consecutive patients undergoing endoscopy for upper abdominal discomfort were examined for the presence of reflux oesophagitis, hiatus hernia and Barrett's oesophagus. The diagnosis and classification of reflux oesophagitis was based on the Los Angeles classification. Patients with predominant symptoms of heartburn or acid regurgitation of at least one per month for the past 6 months in the absence of reflux oesophagitis were diagnosed as having NERD. The prevalence of GORD, reflux oesophagitis and NERD were analysed in relation to age, gender, race, body mass index (BMI), presence of hiatus hernia, Helicobacter pylori status, alcohol intake, smoking and level of education. RESULTS: One thousand patients were studied prospectively. Three hundred and eighty-eight patients (38.8%) were diagnosed as having GORD based on either predominant symptoms of heartburn and acid regurgitation and/or findings of reflux oesophagitis. One hundred and thirty-four patients (13.4%) had endoscopic evidence of reflux oesophagitis. Two hundred and fifty-four (65.5%) were diagnosed as having NERD. Hiatus hernia was found in 6.7% and Barrett's oesophagus in 2% of patients. Of our patients with reflux oesophagitis 20.1% had grade C and D oesophagitis. No patients had strictures. Following logistic regression analysis, the independent risk factors for GORD were Indian race (odds ratio (OR), 3.25; 95% confidence interval (CI), 2.38-4.45), Malay race (OR, 1.67; 95% CI, 1.16-2.38), BMI > 25 (OR, 1.41; 95% CI, 1.04-1.92), presence of hiatus hernia (OR, 4.21; 95% CI, 2.41-7.36), alcohol consumption (OR, 2.42; 95% CI, 1.11-5.23) and high education level (OR, 1.52; 95% CI, 1.02-2.26). For reflux oesophagitis independent the risk factors male gender (OR, 1.64; 95% CI, 1.08-2.49), Indian race (OR, 3.25; 95% CI, 2.05-5.17), presence of hiatus hernia (OR, 11.67; 95% CI, 6.40-21.26) and alcohol consumption (OR, 3.22; 95% CI, 1.26-8.22). For NERD the independent risk factors were Indian race (OR, 3.45; 95% CI, 2.42-4.92), Malay race (OR, 1.80; 95% CI, 1.20-2.69), BMI > 25 (OR, 1.47; 95% CI, 1.04, 2.06) and high education level (OR, 1.66; 95% CI, 1.06-2.59). CONCLUSIONS: Reflux oesophagitis and Barrett's oesophagus were not as uncommon as previously thought in a multiracial Asian population and a significant proportion of our patients had severe grades of reflux oesophagitis. NERD, however, still constituted the larger proportion of patients with GORD. Indian race was consistently a significant independent risk factor for reflux oesophagitis, NERD and for GORD overall. Descriptors Adolescent, Adult, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Alcohol Drinking, Barrett Esophagus/pathology, China/ethnology, Cross-Sectional Studies, Educational Status, Esophagitis/ethnology/pathology, Female, Gastroesophageal Reflux/ethnology/pathology, Gastroscopy, Helicobacter Infections/pathology, Helicobacter pylori, Hernia, Hiatal/pathology, Humans, India/ethnology, Logistic Models, Malaysia, Male, Middle Aged, Prospective Studies, Smoking Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Rosaida,M. S., Goh,K. L. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic PMCID Editors
Study on anti-androgenic effects of bisphenol a diglycidyl ether (BADGE), bisphenol F diglycidyl ether (BFDGE) and their derivatives using cells stably transfected with human androgen receptor, AR-EcoScreen	2004	Department of Environmental Health and Toxicology, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Public Health, 24-1 Hyakunincho 3-chome, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 169-0073, Japan. Kanako_Satou@member.netro.tokyo.jp	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Food and chemical toxicology : an international journal published for the British Industrial Biological Research Association Periodical, Abbrev. Food Chem.Toxicol. Pub Date Free Form Jun Volume 42 Issue 6 Start Page 983 Other Pages 993 Notes LR: 20131121; JID: 8207483; 0 (Androgen Antagonists); 0 (Benzhydryl Compounds); 0 (Carcinogens); 0 (Epoxy Compounds); 0 (Receptors, Androgen); 0 (bisphenol F diglycidyl ether); F3XRM1NX4H (2,2-bis(4-glycidyloxyphenyl)propane); 2003/10/20 [received]; 2004/ Place of Publication England ISSN/ISBN 0278-6915; 0278-6915 Accession Number PMID: 15110108 Language eng SubFile Journal Article; IM DOI 10.1016/j.fct.2004.02.011 [doi] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 15110108 Abstract We studied in vitro hormonal activity of bisphenol A diglycidyl ether (BADGE) and bisphenol F diglycidyl ether (BFDGE), which are used as a material of interior coating for food cans. We also examined related compounds such as 2,2-bis[4-(3-chloro-2-hydroxypropoxy)phenyl]propane (BADGE.2HCl), and bis[4-(3-chloro-2-hydroxypropoxy)phenyl]methane (BFDGE.2HCl) etc. For this purpose, we constructed two stably transfected CHO-K1 cell lines (AR-EcoScreen for androgenic activity and c-luc for cell toxicity evaluation). One stably expresses luciferase with induction of androgen. The other stably expresses luciferase without androgen induction. Also, we have determined the androgenic and anti-androgenic effects of the test chemicals by reporter gene assay with these cell lines. None of the chemicals tested by this assay exhibited androgen agonistic activity. However, BADGE.2HCl and BFDGE.2HCl had the conspicuous antagonistic activity for androgen. These compounds had a high binding affinity for androgen receptor. Furthermore, these two compounds did not show the estrogenic activity in vitro assays. On the contrary, bisphenol A and bisphenol F exhibited anti-androgenic activity in vitro in addition to the estrogenic activity. These results suggest that these chlorohydroxy compounds of BADGE and BFDGE act as androgen antagonist through the process of binding to androgen receptor. Descriptors Androgen Antagonists/pharmacology, Animals, Benzhydryl Compounds, CHO Cells, Carcinogens/pharmacology, Cricetinae, Cricetulus, Epoxy Compounds/pharmacology, Female, Food Packaging, Genes, Reporter, Receptors, Androgen/drug effects, Transfection Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Satoh,K., Ohyama,K., Aoki,N., Iida,M., Nagai,F. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic PMCID Editors

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