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Title Pub Year Sort descending Author SearchLink
Shisha confusion 2007
Source Type
Print(0)
Ref Type
Journal Article
Periodical, Full
Br Dent J
Periodical, Abbrev.
Br.Dent.J.
Pub Date Free Form
Volume
203
Issue
12
Start Page
669
Other Pages
70
Notes
ID: 18084197
Place of Publication
ISSN/ISBN
Accession Number
Language
en
SubFile
DOI
Output Language
Unknown(0)
PMID
Abstract
Descriptors
Smoking/adverse effects, Charcoal/adverse effects, Humans
Links
http://pesquisa.bvsalud.org/ghl/resource/en/mdl-18084197
Book Title
Database
MEDLINE; http://www.globalhealthlibrary.net/
Publisher
Data Source
Authors
Chaouachi,K. T.
Original/Translated Title
URL
Date of Electronic
PMCID
Editors
The medical consequences of narghile (hookah, shisha) use in the world 2007 Chaouachi, K., Maisonneuve et Larose, Département des auteurs, 75005 Paris, France
Source Type
Print(0)
Ref Type
Journal Article
Periodical, Full
Revue d'epidemiologie et de sante publique
Periodical, Abbrev.
Rev.Epidemiol.Sante Publ.
Pub Date Free Form
/
Volume
55
Issue
3
Start Page
165
Other Pages
170
Notes
Place of Publication
ISSN/ISBN
0398-7620
Accession Number
Language
SubFile
DOI
Output Language
Unknown(0)
PMID
Abstract
Background: Hookah (narghile, shisha) smoking is growing worldwide and particularly in France. The main reasons for this are: first, the arrival on the market of new highly flavored tobacco-based mixtures; second, a new type of charcoal used as a quick heating source; third, the pleasure to experiment with an exotic orientalist practice or the desire to return to the corresponding tradition; fourth, the belief that water filtration would lower the risk of smoking. Methods and results: Long-term epidemiological data on complications are scarce. Little is known about qualitative and quantitative transformations occurring when hookah is smoked (in particular regarding carcinogenic agents). Such information will be difficult to collect due to the lack of standardization for this mode of tobacco use. The only current consensus on this issue is that a significant amount of carbon monoxide is produced by the charcoal used to heat and distil the tobacco-molasses mixture. Apart from direct inhalation, concentrations measured in some fashionable hookah lounges and bars are particularly high. Moreover, the additives contained in the widely used quick-lighting charcoals and their harmlessness remain unknown. Conclusion: This study sets out the available scientific knowledge regarding the real medical consequences related to the growing use of hookah and focuses on the best known and urgent issue, i.e. concern related to carbon monoxide intoxication in a very peculiar context. © 2007 Elsevier Masson SAS. All rights reserved.
Descriptors
carcinogen, charcoal, drug additive, molasses, article, smoking, consensus, health hazard, heating, hookah smoking, human, smoking habit, standardization
Links
Book Title
Database
Embase; MEDLINE
Publisher
Data Source
Embase
Authors
Chaouachi,K.
Original/Translated Title
URL
Date of Electronic
PMCID
Editors
The narghile (hookah, shisha, goza) epidemic and the need for clearing up confusion and solving problems related with model building of social situations 2007
Source Type
Print(0)
Ref Type
Journal Article
Periodical, Full
ScientificWorldJournal
Periodical, Abbrev.
Pub Date Free Form
Volume
7
Issue
Start Page
1691
Other Pages
6
Notes
ID: 17982564
Place of Publication
ISSN/ISBN
Accession Number
Language
en
SubFile
DOI
Output Language
Unknown(0)
PMID
Abstract
Many biomedical studies of the past seven years have failed in giving a sound picture of what hookah (shisha, narghile, goza) smoke and smoking are. The reasons are many: from the widespread use of a confusing neologism ("waterpipe") instead of the few clear and natural words used for centuries by indigenous and non-indigenous people in their real life, to the use of artificial smoking (machines) instead of relying on quantitative and qualitative analysis of toxicants directly performed on real hookah smokers.
Descriptors
Models, Biological, Smoking/epidemiology, Social Environment, Humans, Smoking/adverse effects, Smoking/psychology
Links
http://pesquisa.bvsalud.org/ghl/resource/en/mdl-17982564
Book Title
Database
MEDLINE; http://www.globalhealthlibrary.net/
Publisher
Data Source
Authors
Chaouachi,Kamal T.
Original/Translated Title
URL
Date of Electronic
PMCID
Editors
Harm perception of nicotine products in college freshmen 2007
Source Type
Print(0)
Ref Type
Journal Article
Periodical, Full
Nicotine Tob Res
Periodical, Abbrev.
Nicotine Tob.Res.
Pub Date Free Form
Volume
9
Issue
9
Start Page
977
Other Pages
82
Notes
ID: 17763115
Place of Publication
ISSN/ISBN
Accession Number
Language
en
SubFile
DOI
Output Language
Unknown(0)
PMID
Abstract
This study examined the association of sociodemographic characteristics and smoking behaviors (i.e., cigarette, cigar, and waterpipe) with nicotine product harm perception in college freshmen. Students were asked to compare the perceived harmfulness of 11 nicotine-delivering products with that of a regular cigarette. Data were from a cross-sectional Internet survey conducted during the spring 2004 semester at a private university (N = 411). Binomial logistic regression was used to determine the association between sociodemographic and behavioral factors with nicotine product harm perception. A statistically significant association was found between nicotine product harm perception and sex, race, income, citizenship, and smoking behavior (p< or =.05). Regarding the three medicinal nicotine replacement therapies, 19.6% of respondents incorrectly perceived the nicotine patch to be as harmful as or more harmful than a regular cigarette; corresponding values were 24.1% for nicotine gum and 52.9% for nicotine inhaler. Respondents incorrectly perceived the following smoked tobacco products to be less harmful than regular cigarettes: ultra-light cigarettes (40.4%), waterpipe (37%), light cigarettes (35.2%), cigarillos (17.4%), and cigars (16.9%). Regarding smokeless nicotine products, 89.3% of respondents incorrectly perceived dip and chew to be as harmful as or more harmful than regular cigarettes; corresponding values were 36.2% for nicotine lollipops and 35.2% for nicotine water. Our findings reveal misperceptions about nicotine product harmfulness and underscore the importance of developing a science base to inform policies and educate consumers about these products.
Descriptors
Health Education/methods, Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice, Smoking Cessation/methods, Smoking/epidemiology, Students/statistics & numerical data, Adult, Advertising as Topic, Baltimore/epidemiology, Behavior, Addictive/psychology, Cross-Sectional Studies, Female, Health Behavior, Humans, Male, Regression Analysis, Risk Factors, Smoking/psychology, Smoking Cessation/statistics & numerical data, Students/psychology, Questionnaires, Tobacco Use Disorder/prevention & control
Links
http://pesquisa.bvsalud.org/ghl/resource/en/mdl-17763115
Book Title
Database
MEDLINE; http://www.globalhealthlibrary.net/
Publisher
Data Source
Authors
Smith,Stephanie Y., Curbow,Barbara, Stillman,Frances A.
Original/Translated Title
URL
Date of Electronic
PMCID
Editors
Determination of volatile organic compounds pollution sources in Malaysian drinking water using multivariate analysis 2007 Soh, S.-C., School of Science and Mathematics, INTI College Malaysia, 71800 Negeri Sembilan, Malaysia
Source Type
Print(0)
Ref Type
Journal Article
Periodical, Full
Environmental monitoring and assessment
Periodical, Abbrev.
Environ.Monit.Assess.
Pub Date Free Form
/
Volume
124
Issue
3-Jan
Start Page
39
Other Pages
50
Notes
Place of Publication
ISSN/ISBN
0167-6369; 1573-2959
Accession Number
Language
SubFile
DOI
Output Language
Unknown(0)
PMID
Abstract
A field investigation was conducted at all water treatment plants throughout 11 states and Federal Territory in Peninsular Malaysia. The sampling points in this study include treatment plant operation, service reservoir outlet and auxiliary outlet point at the water pipelines. Analysis was performed by solid phase micro-extraction technique with a 100 μm polydimethylsiloxane fibre using gas chromatography with mass spectrometry detection to analyse 54 volatile organic compounds (VOCs) of different chemical families in drinking water. The concentration of VOCs ranged from undetectable to 230.2 μg/l. Among all of the VOCs species, chloroform has the highest concentration and was detected in all drinking water samples. Average concentrations of total trihalomethanes (THMs) were almost similar among all states which were in the range of 28.4-33.0 μg/l. Apart from THMs, other abundant compounds detected were cis and trans -1,2-dichloroethylene, trichloroethylene, 1,2-dibromoethane, benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, chlorobenzene, 1,4-dichlorobenzene and 1,2-dichloro-benzene. Principal component analysis (PCA) with the aid of varimax rotation, and parallel factor analysis (PARAFAC) method were used to statistically verify the correlation between VOCs and the source of pollution. The multivariate analysis pointed out that the maintenance of auxiliary pipelines in the distribution systems is vital as it can become significant point source pollution to Malaysian drinking water. © Springer Science+Business Media B.V. 2006.
Descriptors
1,2 dibromoethane, 1,2 dichlorobenzene, 1,2 dichloroethylene, 1,4 dichlorobenzene, benzene, chlorobenzene, chloroform, dimeticone, drinking water, ethylbenzene, toluene, trichloroethylene, trihalomethane, volatile organic compound, article, concentration (parameters), controlled study, correlation analysis, factorial analysis, gas chromatography, Malaysia, mass spectrometry, multivariate analysis, pipeline, principal component analysis, reservoir, solid phase microextraction, varimax rotation, waste water treatment plant, water analysis, water pollution, water sampling
Links
Book Title
Database
Embase; MEDLINE
Publisher
Data Source
Embase
Authors
Soh,S. -C, Abdullah,P.
Original/Translated Title
URL
Date of Electronic
PMCID
Editors
Studies on commuters&#39; exposure to BTEX in passenger cars in Kolkata, India 2007 Department of Chemistry, University College of Science Technology and Agriculture, 92, A. P. C. Road, Kolkata 700 009, India.
Source Type
Print(0)
Ref Type
Journal Article
Periodical, Full
The Science of the total environment
Periodical, Abbrev.
Sci.Total Environ.
Pub Date Free Form
1-Jan
Volume
372
Issue
3-Feb
Start Page
426
Other Pages
432
Notes
LR: 20131121; JID: 0330500; 0 (Air Pollutants); 0 (Benzene Derivatives); 0 (Petroleum); 0 (Vehicle Emissions); 0 (Xylenes); 3FPU23BG52 (Toluene); J64922108F (Benzene); 2006/04/28 [received]; 2006/09/07 [revised]; 2006/09/19 [accepted]; 2006/11/17 [aheadof
Place of Publication
Netherlands
ISSN/ISBN
0048-9697; 0048-9697
Accession Number
PMID: 17113131
Language
eng
SubFile
Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; IM
DOI
S0048-9697(06)00736-4 [pii]
Output Language
Unknown(0)
PMID
17113131
Abstract
Commuters' exposure to volatile organic compounds (VOCs) especially BTEX travelling in passenger cars in Kolkata, India were quantified in Phase I (2001-2002) and Phase II (2003-2004). Monitoring was made inside and in the immediate outside of passenger cars fitted with and without catalytic converters using different types of fuels, along two congested urban routes. During Phase I of the study, the benzene content in gasoline was 5% and the mean concentration of in-vehicle benzene in cars without catalytic converter was found to be as high as 721.2 microg/m3. In Phase II when the benzene content was reduced to <3% and with modified engine type, the mean in-vehicle benzene concentration was reduced to 112.4 microg/m3. The in-vehicle concentration varied with engine type and age of the vehicle. Roadside ambient mean concentration of benzene was 214.8 microg/m3 and 30.8 microg/m3 in Phase I and Phase II respectively.
Descriptors
Air Pollutants/analysis, Air Pollution, Indoor, Analysis of Variance, Automobiles, Benzene/analysis, Benzene Derivatives/analysis, Cities, Environmental Exposure, Humans, India, Petroleum, Toluene/analysis, Vehicle Emissions/analysis, Volatilization, Xylenes/analysis
Links
Book Title
Database
Publisher
Data Source
Authors
Som,D., Dutta,C., Chatterjee,A., Mallick,D., Jana,T. K., Sen,S.
Original/Translated Title
URL
Date of Electronic
20061117
PMCID
Editors
Interventions to reduce harm from continued tobacco use 2007 Oxford University, Department of Primary Health Care, Old Road Campus, Headington, Oxford, UK, OX3 7LF. lindsay.stead@dphpc.ox.ac.uk
Source Type
Print(0)
Ref Type
Journal Article
Periodical, Full
The Cochrane database of systematic reviews
Periodical, Abbrev.
Cochrane Database Syst.Rev.
Pub Date Free Form
18-Jul
Volume
-3
Issue
3
Start Page
CD005231
Other Pages
Notes
LR: 20151119; JID: 100909747; 0 (Biomarkers); 0 (Nicotinic Agonists); 01ZG3TPX31 (Bupropion); 6M3C89ZY6R (Nicotine); 7U1EE4V452 (Carbon Monoxide); K5161X06LL (Cotinine); RF: 72; epublish
Place of Publication
England
ISSN/ISBN
1469-493X; 1361-6137
Accession Number
PMID: 17636791
Language
eng
SubFile
Journal Article; Meta-Analysis; Review; IM
DOI
10.1002/14651858.CD005231.pub2 [doi]
Output Language
Unknown(0)
PMID
17636791
Abstract
BACKGROUND: It may be reasonable to try to reduce the harm from continued smoking amongst smokers unable or unwilling to quit. Possible approaches to reduce the exposure to toxins from smoking include reducing the amount of tobacco used, and using less toxic products. The interventions evaluated in controlled trials have predominantly attempted to reduce the number of cigarettes smoked. OBJECTIVES: To assess the effect of interventions intended to reduce the harm from smoking on the following: biomarkers of damage caused by tobacco, biomarkers of tobacco exposure, number of cigarettes smoked, quitting, and long-term health status. SEARCH STRATEGY: We searched the Cochrane Tobacco Addiction Group Specialised Register using free text and MeSH terms for harm reduction, smoking reduction and cigarette reduction. The initial search was in March 2006, updated in March 2007. SELECTION CRITERIA: Randomized or quasi-randomized controlled trials of interventions in tobacco users to reduce amount smoked, or to reduce harm from smoking by means other than cessation. Outcomes were change in cigarette consumption, markers of cigarette exposure and any markers of damage or benefit to health, measured at least six months from the start of the intervention. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS: We pooled trials with similar interventions and outcomes using a fixed-effect model. Other studies were summarised narratively. MAIN RESULTS: The 13 included trials all evaluated interventions to help smokers cut down the amount smoked. Self-reported reduction in cigarettes per day (CPD) was validated by reduction in carbon monoxide (CO) levels. Most trials tested nicotine replacement therapy (NRT) to assist reduction. No eligible studies evaluated the use of potentially reduced-exposure products. In a pooled analysis of eight trials, NRT significantly increased the odds of reducing CPD by 50% or more for people using nicotine gum or inhaler or a choice of product compared to placebo (n=3273, odds ratio [OR] 2.02, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.55 to 2.62). Where average changes from baseline were compared for different measures, CO and cotinine consistently showed smaller reductions than CPD. Whilst the effect for NRT was significant, small numbers of people in either treatment or control group successfully sustained a reduction of 50% or more. Use of NRT also significantly increased the odds of quitting (OR 1.90, 95% CI 1.46 to 2.47). One trial of bupropion failed to detect an effect on reduction or cessation. Four trials of different types of advice and instructions on reducing CPD did not provide clear evidence. AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS: There is insufficient evidence about long-term benefit to give firm support the use of interventions intended to help smokers reduce but not quit tobacco use. Some people who do not wish to quit can be helped to cut down the number of cigarettes smoked and reduce their carbon monoxide levels by using nicotine gum or nicotine inhaler. Because the long-term health benefit of a reduction in smoking rate is unclear this application of NRT is more appropriately used as a precursor to quitting.
Descriptors
Biomarkers/blood, Bupropion/therapeutic use, Carbon Monoxide/blood, Cotinine/blood, Humans, Nicotine/therapeutic use, Nicotinic Agonists/therapeutic use, Smoking/adverse effects/blood/prevention & control, Smoking Cessation/methods
Links
Book Title
Database
Publisher
Data Source
Authors
Stead,L. F., Lancaster,T.
Original/Translated Title
URL
Date of Electronic
20070718
PMCID
Editors
Cigarette and nargileh smoking practices among school students in Beirut, Lebanon 2007 Tamim, H., School of Kinesiology and Health Science, York University, Ont., Canada
Source Type
Print(0)
Ref Type
Journal Article
Periodical, Full
American Journal of Health Behavior
Periodical, Abbrev.
Am.J.Health Behav.
Pub Date Free Form
/
Volume
31
Issue
1
Start Page
56
Other Pages
63
Notes
Place of Publication
ISSN/ISBN
1087-3244
Accession Number
Language
SubFile
DOI
Output Language
Unknown(0)
PMID
Abstract
Objectives: To determine the prevalence and predictors of smoking nargileh and/or cigarettes among school students in Greater Beirut, Lebanon. Methods: A proportionate random sample of 2443 students from 13 public and private schools was selected and asked to complete self-administered anonymous questionnaires. Results: The prevalence of smoking cigarettes only, nargileh only, and both was 2.5%, 25.6%, and 6.3%, respectively. Stepwise regression analyses revealed that the predictors of smoking for either type are different, whereby nargileh smoking is more culturally accepted than cigarette smoking. Conclusions: Design interventions to increase awareness towards the hazards of the misconceived harmless effects of nargileh smoking.
Descriptors
adolescent, article, comparative study, cross-sectional study, cultural factor, ethnology, female, health behavior, health survey, human, Lebanon, lifestyle, male, questionnaire, smoking, social behavior, social psychology, statistics, student, tobacco dependence
Links
Book Title
Database
MEDLINE
Publisher
Data Source
Embase
Authors
Tamim,H., Al-Sahab,B., Akkary,G., Ghanem,M., Tamim,N., El Roueiheb,Z., Kanj,M., Afifi,R.
Original/Translated Title
URL
Date of Electronic
PMCID
Editors
Perceived risk of harm from cigarettes or smokeless tobacco among U.S. high school seniors 2007 University of Florida, Department of Community Dentistry and Behavioral Science, Gainesville, FL 32610-3628, USA. stomar@dental.ufl.edu
Source Type
Print(0)
Ref Type
Journal Article
Periodical, Full
Nicotine & tobacco research : official journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco
Periodical, Abbrev.
Nicotine Tob.Res.
Pub Date Free Form
Nov
Volume
9
Issue
11
Start Page
1191
Other Pages
1196
Notes
JID: 9815751; ppublish
Place of Publication
England
ISSN/ISBN
1462-2203; 1462-2203
Accession Number
PMID: 17978994
Language
eng
SubFile
Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; IM
DOI
783695759 [pii]
Output Language
Unknown(0)
PMID
17978994
Abstract
This study examined perceived risk of harm from smoking or ST use in a U.S. nationally representative sample of high school seniors and examined its association with current smoking status. Data were derived from the Monitoring the Future project for 1999 through 2003 (n = 11,093). We used multiple logistic regression analysis to examine the association between comparative perceived risk of harm of smoking and ST use with current smoking status, while adjusting for sex, race, and perceived risk of harm from smoking. In 1999-2003, 74.0% of high school seniors perceived great risk of harm from smoking and 44.9% perceived great risk from using ST. Perceived risk varied by smoking intensity: 80.3% of non-smokers perceived great risk of harm from smoking, compared to 49.7% of students who smoked about one-half pack per day and 36.1% of pack-a-day smokers. Overall, 52.7% perceived equal risk of harm from using either product, 41.3% perceived greater risk from cigarettes, and 6.1% perceived a greater risk from using ST. Adjusting for sex and race, high school seniors who perceived that smoking conveyed a greater risk for harm than did using smokeless tobacco were significantly more likely to be smokers than were those who perceived equal risk from the products (odds ratio [OR] = 1.43; 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.29-1.60). Those who perceived that using smokeless tobacco was riskier than smoking were even more likely to be current smokers (OR = 2.43; 95% CI 1.96-3.01). Effective methods for communicating accurate health risks to young people are needed.
Descriptors
Adolescent, Adolescent Behavior/psychology, Confidence Intervals, Female, Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice, Humans, Male, Odds Ratio, Peer Group, Risk Factors, Smoking/epidemiology/psychology, Smoking Cessation/psychology, Students/psychology/statistics & numerical data, Tobacco Use Disorder/epidemiology/psychology, Tobacco, Smokeless, United States/epidemiology
Links
Book Title
Database
Publisher
Data Source
Authors
Tomar,S. L., Hatsukami,D. K.
Original/Translated Title
URL
Date of Electronic
PMCID
Editors
Relationships of Indoor, Outdoor, and Personal Air (RIOPA): part II. Analyses of concentrations of particulate matter species 2007 Department of Environmental Sciences, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA. turpin@envsci.rutgers.edu
Source Type
Print(0)
Ref Type
Journal Article
Periodical, Full
Research report (Health Effects Institute)
Periodical, Abbrev.
Res.Rep.Health Eff.Inst.
Pub Date Free Form
Aug
Volume
(130 Pt 2)
Issue
130 Pt 2
Start Page
1
Other Pages
77; discussion 79-92
Notes
LR: 20151119; GR: P30 ES005022/ES/NIEHS NIH HHS/United States; JID: 8812230; 0 (Air Pollutants); 0 (Organic Chemicals); 0 (Particulate Matter); ppublish
Place of Publication
United States
ISSN/ISBN
1041-5505; 1041-5505
Accession Number
PMID: 18064946
Language
eng
SubFile
Journal Article; Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.; IM
DOI
Output Language
Unknown(0)
PMID
18064946
Abstract
During the study Relationships of Indoor, Outdoor, and Personal Air (RIOPA*), 48-hour integrated indoor, outdoor, and personal air samples were collected between summer 1999 and spring 2001 in three different areas of the United States: Elizabeth NJ, Houston TX, and Los Angeles County CA. Air samples suitable for analyzing particulate matter 2.5 microm or smaller in aerodynamic diameter (PM2.5) were collected in 219 homes (twice in 169 homes). Indoor and outdoor air samples suitable for gas-phase and particle-phase organic analyses were collected in 152 homes (twice in 132 homes). Samples or subsets of samples were analyzed for PM2.5 mass, organic functional groups, elements, organic carbon (OC), elemental carbon (EC), gas-phase and particle-phase polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), and chlordanes. Air exchange rate (AER), temperature, and relative humidity were measured for each residence; questionnaire data and time-activity information were collected from the participants. Median indoor, outdoor, and personal PM2.5 mass concentrations were 14.4, 15.5, and 31.4 microg/m3, respectively. Personal PM2.5 concentrations were significantly higher and more variable than indoor and outdoor concentrations. Several approaches were applied to quantify indoor PM2.5 of ambient (outdoor) and nonambient (indoor) origin, some using PM2.5 mass concentrations and others using PM2.5 species concentrations. PM of outdoor origin was estimated in three ways using increasingly accurate assumptions. Comparing estimates from the three approaches enabled us to quantify several types of errors that may be introduced when central-site PM concentrations are used as surrogate estimates for PM exposure. Estimates made using individual measurements produced broader distributions and higher means than those made using a single infiltration factor for all homes and days. The best estimate (produced by the robust regression approach) of the mean contribution of outdoor PM2.5 to the indoor mass concentration was 73% and to personal exposure was 26%. Possible implications of exposure error for epidemiologic assessments of PM are discussed below. Organic particulate matter was the major constituent of PM2.5 generated indoors. After correcting for artifacts, it constituted 48%, 55%, and 61% of PM2.5 mass inside study homes in Los Angeles, Elizabeth, and Houston, respectively. At least 40% but probably closer to 75% of this organic matter, on average, was emitted or formed indoors. Functional group analysis provided some insights into the composition and properties of the indoor-generated organic PM2.5. Chlordane, a very minor but mutagenic semivolatile organic mixture previously used as a termiticide, was found to be mostly of indoor origin. High emission rates were most frequently found in homes built from 1945 to 1959. Analysis of the change in gas-particle partitioning during transport of outdoor PAHs to indoor environments illustrated that chemical thermodynamics can alter the concentration and composition of outdoor PM as it is transported indoors. (This has been previously noted for nitrate [Lunden et al 2003].) In epidemiologic studies that rely on central-site monitoring data, such transformations may result in measurement error, and this possibility warrants further investigation.
Descriptors
Adolescent, Adult, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Air Pollutants/analysis, Air Pollution, Indoor/analysis, Child, Environmental Monitoring, Female, Humans, Inhalation Exposure/analysis, Los Angeles, Male, Middle Aged, New Jersey, Organic Chemicals/analysis, Particle Size, Particulate Matter/analysis, Spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared, Surveys and Questionnaires, Texas, Urban Health
Links
Book Title
Database
Publisher
Data Source
Authors
Turpin,B. J., Weisel,C. P., Morandi,M., Colome,S., Stock,T., Eisenreich,S., Buckley,B.
Original/Translated Title
URL
Date of Electronic
PMCID
Editors