WTS database

Title	Pub Year Sort descending	Author	SearchLink
Periodontal status of diabetics compared with nondiabetics: a meta-analysis	2006	Department of Community Medicine, Public Health and Family Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid 22110, P.O. BOX 121, Jordan. yousef.k@excite.com	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Journal of diabetes and its complications Periodical, Abbrev. J.Diabetes Complications. Pub Date Free Form Jan-Feb Volume 20 Issue 1 Start Page 59 Other Pages 68 Notes LR: 20061115; JID: 9204583; CIN: Evid Based Dent. 2006;7(2):45. PMID: 16858380; 2005/03/02 [received]; 2005/05/11 [revised]; 2005/05/18 [accepted]; ppublish Place of Publication United States ISSN/ISBN 1056-8727; 1056-8727 Accession Number PMID: 16389170 Language eng SubFile Comparative Study; Journal Article; Meta-Analysis; IM DOI S1056-8727(05)00048-6 [pii] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 16389170 Abstract BACKGROUND: This meta-analysis was conducted to assess the association between diabetes mellitus and periodontal diseases by comparing the extent and severity of periodontal diseases between diabetics and nondiabetics. METHODS: A literature search was performed using MEDLINE database for published studies from January 1970 through October 2003 with manual search for references in relevant studies. This meta-analysis was based on 18 comparative cross-sectional studies, three prospective cohort studies and baseline data of two clinical trials that compared oral hygiene, gingival and periodontal status between diabetics and nondiabetics. Heterogeneity was obvious among included studies; therefore, the analysis using random-effects model was conducted. RESULTS: This study demonstrated that diabetics had significantly worse oral hygiene as measured by the average of plaque index (P1I), higher severity of gingival disease as measured by the average of gingival index (GI) and higher severity of periodontal disease as measured by the average of probing pocket depth (PPD) and clinical attachment loss (CAL). However, diabetics had similar extent of oral hygiene, gingival and periodontal disease as measured by percentages of surfaces or sites with specific scores of P1I, GI, bleeding on probing (BOP), PPD and CAL. CONCLUSIONS: Diabetics had a significantly higher severity but the same extent of periodontal disease than nondiabetics. Descriptors Adolescent, Adult, Aged, Child, Child, Preschool, Dental Calculus, Dental Plaque Index, Diabetes Complications/epidemiology, Humans, Middle Aged, Periodontal Attachment Loss, Periodontal Diseases/epidemiology, Periodontal Index, Periodontal Pocket, Severity of Illness Index Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Khader,Y. S., Dauod,A. S., El-Qaderi,S. S., Alkafajei,A., Batayha,W. Q. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic PMCID Editors
Nargile, sigara ve pasif iÃ§iciligin mukosiliyer klerens Ã¼zerindeki etkileri	2006		Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Tuberk Toraks Periodical, Abbrev. Pub Date Free Form Volume 54 Issue 3 Start Page 222 Other Pages 8 Notes ID: 17001538 Place of Publication ISSN/ISBN Accession Number Language tr SubFile DOI Output Language Unknown(0) PMID Abstract We aimed to determine the effects of water-pipe smoking on lung mucociliary clearance system using radioaerosol ventilation scintigraphy and compare with cigarette and passive smoking and determine the level of exposure to tobacco smoke by measuring urinary cotinine in each group. Volunteer water-pipe only and cigarette only smokers from various cafÃ©s in Izmir city and passive smokers as control group were included in the study after exclusion and inclusion criteria. The ages, type of smoking, duration and daily amount of tobacco smoked and the medical histories of the volunteers were noted down. The pulmonary function tests (PFT), technetium-99m inhalation scintigraphy and urinary cotinine measurement with enzyme immunoassay (EIA) and were performed for each participant. Twenty water-pipe smokers, 23 cigarette smokers and 15 passive smokers were included into the study. There were no statistically significant differences among the mean ages, BMI and PFT parameters of all participants in study and control groups. Mucociliary clearance rates in terms of retention ratio after 1 hour and radioactivity half-life for each lung was lowest in the water-pipe smokers compared to others. Mucociliary clearance rate also decreased in the cigarette smokers compared to passive smokers. The differences in the mucociliary clearance rates among groups were statistically significant (p < 0.05). Urinary cotinine levels were highest in the cigarette smokers and higher in water-pipe smokers compared to passive smokers as statistically significant. As a conclusion mucociliary clearance rates decrease with tobacco smoking, being more prominent in water-pipe smokers in our study. Descriptors Lung/drug effects, Smoking/adverse effects, Tobacco Smoke Pollution/adverse effects, Tobacco/adverse effects, Adult, Case-Control Studies, Cotinine/urine, Female, Humans, Lung/physiopathology, Lung/radionuclide imaging, Male, Middle Aged, Mucociliary Clearance/drug effects, Radionuclide Imaging, Respiratory Function Tests, Technetium Tc 99m Pentetate Links http://pesquisa.bvsalud.org/ghl/resource/en/mdl-17001538 Book Title Database MEDLINE; http://www.globalhealthlibrary.net/ Publisher Data Source Authors KÃ¶seoglu,Nalan, Aydin,Aysel, UÃ§an,EyÃ¼p Sabri, Ceylan,Emel, Eminoglu,Ozlem, Durak,Hatice, GÃ¼ven,HÃ¼lya Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic PMCID Editors
The effects of water-pipe, cigarette and passive smoking on mucociliary clearance	2006	KÃ¶seoÇ§lu, N., TaÅŸkent, 35040 Bornova, Izmir, Turkey	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Tuberkuloz ve Toraks Periodical, Abbrev. Tuberk.Toraks Pub Date Free Form 2006/ Volume 54 Issue 3 Start Page 222 Other Pages 228 Notes Place of Publication ISSN/ISBN 0494-1373 Accession Number Language SubFile DOI Output Language Unknown(0) PMID Abstract We aimed to determine the effects of water-pipe smoking on lung mucociliary clearance system using radioaerosol ventilation scintigraphy and compare with cigarette and passive smoking and determine the level of exposure to tobacco smoke by measuring urinary cotinine in each group. Volunteer water-pipe only and cigarette only smokers from various cafÃ©s in Izmir city and passive smokers as control group were included in the study after exclusion and inclusion criteria. The ages, type of smoking, duration and daily amount of tobacco smoked and the medical histories of the volunteers were noted down. The pulmonary function tests (PFT), technetium-99m inhalation scintigraphy and urinary cotinine measurement with enzyme immunassay (EIA) and were performed for each participant. Twenty water-pipe smokers, 23 cigarette smokers and 15 passive smokers were included into the study. There were no statistically significant differences among the mean ages, BMI and PFT parameters of all participants in study and control groups. Mucociliary clearance rates in terms of retention ratio after 1 hour and radioactivity half-life for each lung was lowest in the water-pipe smokers compared to others. Mucociliary clearance rate also decreased in the cigarette smokers compared to passive smokers. The differences in the mucociliary clearance rates among groups were statistically significant (p< 0.05). Urinary cotinine levels were highest in the cigarette smokers and higher in water-pipe smokers compared to passive smokers as statistically significant. As a conclusion mucociliary clearance rates decrease with tobacco smoking, being more prominent in water-pipe smokers in our study. Descriptors cotinine, technetium 99m, article, body mass, controlled study, enzyme immunoassay, human, lung function test, mucociliary clearance, passive smoking, scintigraphy, urinalysis Links Book Title Nargile, sigara ve pasif iÃ§iciliÇ§in mukosiliyer klerens Ã¼zerindeki etkileri Database Embase; MEDLINE Publisher Data Source Embase Authors KÃ¶seoÇ§lu,N., Aydin,A., UÃ§an,E. S., Ceylan,E., EminoÇ§lu,Ã–., Durak,H., GÃ¼ven,H. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic PMCID Editors
Attitudes and behaviour concerning cigarette smoking among the students of the first year at the Health Department	2006	Katedra Medycyny Spolecznej i Zapobiegawczej, Uniwersytetu Medycznego w Lodzi. office@cindi.org.pl	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Przeglad lekarski Periodical, Abbrev. Przegl.Lek. Pub Date Free Form Volume 63 Issue 10 Start Page 1041 Other Pages 1044 Notes LR: 20151119; JID: 19840720R; 0 (Tobacco Smoke Pollution); ppublish Place of Publication Poland ISSN/ISBN 0033-2240; 0033-2240 Accession Number PMID: 17288211 Language pol SubFile English Abstract; Journal Article; IM DOI Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 17288211 Abstract Smoking is still very common in Poland. Our country is among the leading countries with the greatest consumption of cigarettes. It is estimated that currently, there are about 40% smokers among men and 20% among women. In the future, most of the graduates from the Health Department will take care of the promotion of healthy life style and health education in the society. It is important that their theoretical knowledge be supported by proper health bases. A health centre worker who is inhaling smoke and at the same time encouraging quitting smoking is by no means credible. The aim of this work was to establish the participation of those students who are inhaling tobacco smoke that is among the students of the three departments of daily students of the Health Department. There were 108 female students who underwent the survey among the first year students of the Heath Department of Medical University of Lodz. The tool used was a survey. In the research carried out between 1st and 15th March 2006, 104 students (96.3%) took part. Among those who handed the surveys back, there were 32 males (30.8%) and 72 women (69.2%). In the group of respondents, which included 104 people, 33 (31.7%) stated that in January and February 2006 smoked cigarettes and 71 people (68.3%) claimed that within that time they did not smoke a single cigarette. Among the smokers, there were 11 males (f = 0.33) and 22 women (f = 0.67), whereas in the non-smokers' group, there were 21 male students (f = 0.30) and 50 female students (f = 0.70). In the past, there were 55 surveyed who inhaled tobacco smoke (52.9%), whereas 49 surveyed (47.1%) stated that they had never smoked in the past. In the smokers' group, there were 18 male students (f = 0.30) and 37 female students (f = 0.70). Among those who claimed they had never smoked before, there were 14 male students (f = 0.30) and 35 female students studies of the Health Department of Medical University of Lodz inhaled tobacco smoke. In comparison with the studies carried out at other universities in Poland, the received result in the worst. It is necessary to undertake actions that would lead to some changes in the behaviour of the students of the first year of Heath Department in order to achieve the greatest possible ratio of non-smokers before their graduation. Descriptors Adult, Age of Onset, Female, Health Education, Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice, Humans, Male, Peer Group, Poland/epidemiology, Population Surveillance, Prevalence, Smoking/epidemiology/prevention & control/psychology, Smoking Cessation, Students, Medical/psychology/statistics & numerical data, Surveys and Questionnaires, Tobacco Smoke Pollution/statistics & numerical data, Tobacco Use Disorder/epidemiology/prevention & control/psychology Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Kowalska,A., Rzeznicki,A., Drygas,W. Original/Translated Title Postawy i zachowania dotyczace palenia tytoniu studentow pierwszego roku Wydzialu Nauk o Zdrowiu URL Date of Electronic PMCID Editors
Can the aqueous decoction of mango flowers be used as an antiulcer agent?	2006	Departamento de Fisiologia, Instituto de Biociencias, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), CP 510, CEP 18618-000, Botucatu, SP, Brasil.	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Journal of ethnopharmacology Periodical, Abbrev. J.Ethnopharmacol. Pub Date Free Form 15-Jun Volume 106 Issue 1 Start Page 29 Other Pages 37 Notes LR: 20131121; JID: 7903310; 0 (Anti-Ulcer Agents); 0 (Cyclooxygenase Inhibitors); 0 (Flavonoids); 0 (Phenols); 0 (Plant Extracts); 0 (Polyphenols); 3K9958V90M (Ethanol); O3C74ACM9V (Ethylmaleimide); QTT17582CB (Hydrochloric Acid); 2004/08/18 [received]; 2 Place of Publication Ireland ISSN/ISBN 0378-8741; 0378-8741 Accession Number PMID: 16500058 Language eng SubFile Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; IM DOI S0378-8741(05)00828-7 [pii] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 16500058 Abstract This study was designed to determine the effect of Mangifera indica flowers decoction, on the acute and subacute models of induced ulcer in mice and rats. A single oral administration of the aqueous decoction (AD) from M. indica up to a dose of 5 g/kg, p.o. did not produce any signs or symptom of toxicity in the treated animals. The oral pre-treatment with AD (250, 500 and 1000 mg/kg) in rats with gastric lesions induced by ethanol, decreased the gastric lesions from 89.0+/-6.71 (control group) to 9.25+/-2.75, 4.50+/-3.30 and 0, respectively. Pretreatment with AD (250, 500 and 1000 mg/kg) to mice with HCl/ethanol- or stress-induced gastric lesions resulted in a dose-dependent significant decrease of lesion index. In the piroxicam-induced gastric lesions, the gastroprotective effect of AD was reducing with the increase of the AD dose. In the pylorus-ligature, AD (p.o.) significantly decreased the acid output indicating the antisecretory property involved in the gastroprotective effect of M. indica. Treatment with AD during 14 consecutive days significantly accelerated the healing process in subacute gastric ulcer induced by acetic acid in rats. Pretreatment with N-nitro-l-arginine methyl ester (l-NAME), an inhibitor of NO-synthase, did not abolish the gastroprotective effects (99% with saline versus 80% with l-NAME) of AD against ethanol-induced gastric lesions. Pretreatment with N-ethylmaleimide (NEM), a blocker of endogenous sulphydryl group, significantly abolished the protective effects of AD against ethanol-induced gastric ulcers (95% with saline versus 47% with NEM). Phytochemical screening showed the presence of steroids, triterpenes, phenolic compounds and flavonoids. Estimation of the global polyphenol content in the AD was performed by Folin-Ciocalteu method and showed approximately 53% of total phenolic on this extract. These findings indicate the potential gastroprotective and ulcer-healing properties of aqueous decoction of M. indica flowers and further support its popular use in gastrointestinal disorders in Caribbean. Descriptors Animals, Anti-Ulcer Agents/therapeutic use, Cyclooxygenase Inhibitors/toxicity, Ethanol/toxicity, Ethylmaleimide/toxicity, Flavonoids/chemistry, Flowers/chemistry, Gastric Acid/secretion, Hydrochloric Acid/toxicity, Male, Mangifera/chemistry, Mice, Phenols/chemistry, Plant Extracts/therapeutic use, Polyphenols, Rats, Rats, Wistar, Stomach/drug effects/pathology, Stomach Ulcer/chemically induced/drug therapy/pathology Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Lima,Z. P., Severi,J. A., Pellizzon,C. H., Brito,A. R., Solis,P. N., Caceres,A., Giron,L. M., Vilegas,W., Hiruma-Lima,C. A. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic 20060223 PMCID Editors
US news media coverage of tobacco control issues	2006	Department of Journalism and Technical Communication, C223 Clark Building, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA. malong@lamar.colostate.edu	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Tobacco control Periodical, Abbrev. Tob.Control Pub Date Free Form Oct Volume 15 Issue 5 Start Page 367 Other Pages 372 Notes LR: 20151119; GR: AA10377/AA/NIAAA NIH HHS/United States; GR: CA109649/CA/NCI NIH HHS/United States; JID: 9209612; OID: NLM: PMC2563650; ppublish Place of Publication England ISSN/ISBN 1468-3318; 0964-4563 Accession Number PMID: 16998170 Language eng SubFile Journal Article; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; IM DOI 15/5/367 [pii] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 16998170 Abstract OBJECTIVE: To characterise the relative amount and type of daily newspaper, local and national TV newscast, and national news magazine coverage of tobacco control issues in the United States in 2002 and 2003. DESIGN: Content analysis of daily newspapers, news magazines, and TV newscasts. SUBJECTS: Items about tobacco in daily newspapers, local and national TV newscasts, and three national news magazines in a nationally representative sample of 56 days of news stratified by day of week and season of the year, from 2002 and 2003. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Story theme, tobacco topics, sources, story prominence, story valence (orientation), and story type. RESULTS: Tobacco coverage was modest over the two-year period as estimated in our sample. Only 21 TV stories, 17 news magazine stories, and 335 daily newspaper stories were found during the two-year sampling period. Noteworthy results for the newspaper data set include the following: (1) government topics predominated coverage; (2) government action and negative health effects topics tended not to occur together in stories; (3) tobacco stories were fairly prominently placed in newspapers; (4) opinion news items tended to favour tobacco control policies, while news and feature stories were evenly split between positive and negative stories; and (5) tobacco coverage in the southeast, which is the country's major tobacco producing region, did not differ from the rest of the country. CONCLUSION: Results suggest mixed support in news coverage for tobacco control efforts in the United States. The modest amount of news coverage of tobacco is troubling, particularly because so few news stories were found on TV, which is a more important news source for Americans than newspapers. When tobacco was covered, government themed stories, which often did not include mentions of negative health effects, were typical, suggesting that media coverage does not reinforce the reason for tobacco control efforts. However, some results were encouraging. For example, when newspapers did cover tobacco, they accorded the stories relatively high prominence, thus increasing the chance that readers would see tobacco stories when they were published. Descriptors Humans, Mass Media/statistics & numerical data, Newspapers as Topic, Smoking/adverse effects, Smoking Cessation, Television, Tobacco, Tobacco Industry, United States Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Long,M., Slater,M. D., Lysengen,L. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic PMCID PMC2563650 Editors
Phylogenetic analysis of a biofilm bacterial population in a water pipeline in the Gulf of Mexico	2006	HernÃ¡ndez-RodrÃguez, C., Departamento de MicrobiologÃa, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias BiolÃ³gicas, IPN, 06400 Mexico, D.F., Mexico	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full FEMS microbiology ecology Periodical, Abbrev. FEMS Microbiol.Ecol. Pub Date Free Form / Volume 58 Issue 1 Start Page 145 Other Pages 154 Notes Place of Publication ISSN/ISBN 0168-6496; 1574-6941 Accession Number Language SubFile DOI Output Language Unknown(0) PMID Abstract The aim of this study was to assess the bacterial diversity associated with a corrosive biofilm in a steel pipeline from the Gulf of Mexico used to inject marine water into the oil reservoir. Several aerobic and heterotrophic bacteria were isolated and identified by 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis. Metagenomic DNA was also extracted to perform a denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis analysis of ribosomal genes and to construct a 16S rRNA gene metagenomic library. Denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis profiles and ribosomal libraries exhibited a limited bacterial diversity. Most of the species detected in the ribosomal library or isolated from the pipeline were assigned to Proteobacteria (Halomonas spp., Idiomarina spp., Marinobacter aquaeolei, Thalassospira sp., Silicibacter sp. and Chromohalobacter sp.) and Bacilli (Bacillus spp. and Exiguobacterium spp.). This is the first report that associates some of these bacteria with a corrosive biofilm. It is relevant that no sulfate-reducing bacteria were isolated or detected by a PCR-based method. The diversity and relative abundance of bacteria from water pipeline biofilms may contribute to an understanding of the complexity and mechanisms of metal corrosion during marine water injection in oil secondary recovery. Â© 2006 Federation of European Microbiological Societies Published by Blackwell Publishing Ltd. All rights reserved. Descriptors oil, RNA 16S, steel, aerobic bacterium, article, Bacilli, Bacillus, bacterial strain, bacterium identification, bacterium isolation, biofilm, Chromohalobacter, controlled study, corrosion, Exiguobacterium, gel electrophoresis, gene library, gene sequence, Halomonas, heterotrophy, marine environment, Marinobacter hydrocarbonoclasticus, Mexico, microbial diversity, nonhuman, nucleotide sequence, phylogeny, pipeline, polymerase chain reaction, priority journal, Proteobacteria, reservoir, ribosome, Silicibacter, Thalassospira, water analysis Links Book Title Database Embase; MEDLINE Publisher Data Source Embase Authors LÃ³pez,M. A., Javier Zavala DÃaz De La Serna,F., Jan-Roblero,J., Romero,J. M., HernÃ¡ndez-RodrÃguez,C. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic PMCID Editors
Indoor and outdoor carbonyl compounds and BTEX in the hospitals of Guangzhou, China	2006	State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry, Key Laboratory of GD for Utilization and Protection of Environmental Resources, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, P.R. China.	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full The Science of the total environment Periodical, Abbrev. Sci.Total Environ. Pub Date Free Form 15-Sep Volume 368 Issue 3-Feb Start Page 574 Other Pages 584 Notes LR: 20131121; JID: 0330500; 0 (Air Pollutants); 0 (Aldehydes); 0 (Xylenes); 3FPU23BG52 (Toluene); J64922108F (Benzene); 2005/11/15 [received]; 2006/03/23 [revised]; 2006/03/29 [accepted]; 2006/06/05 [aheadofprint]; ppublish Place of Publication Netherlands ISSN/ISBN 0048-9697; 0048-9697 Accession Number PMID: 16740294 Language eng SubFile Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; IM DOI S0048-9697(06)00298-1 [pii] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 16740294 Abstract Indoor and outdoor concentration levels of 21 carbonyl compounds and five BTEX (benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene and xylenes) were measured in four hospitals of Guangzhou from 2nd January to 20th March 2004. Samples were collected in five consecutive daytimes for each hospital. Among most of the samples, acetone was the most abundant carbonyl, followed by acetaldehyde, 2-butanone or formaldehyde. Toluene was the most abundant BTEX and the others were at similar levels. The relatively higher acetone concentrations might have resulted from the high level of background in Guangzhou area due to emission of the factories and LPG-fuel vehicles, and also for the special weather conditions during sampling time. The high concentration of acetaldehyde, which was even higher than that of formaldehyde, might be resulted from the wide use of ethanol in hospital. The partial oxidation of ethanol may form acetaldehyde. The indoor concentrations of carbonyls and BTEX were found a little higher than their outdoor counterparts with only a few exceptions, which showed the anthropogenic sources for these compounds. The low correlations between most carbonyls and BTEX concentrations might be caused by their complex sources. Finally, the human exposure levels of formaldehyde and acetaldehyde in hospitals are discussed. Descriptors Air Pollutants/analysis, Air Pollution, Indoor/analysis, Aldehydes/analysis, Benzene/analysis, China, Environmental Monitoring, Hospitals, Inhalation Exposure/analysis, Risk Assessment, Toluene/analysis, Xylenes/analysis Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Lu,H., Wen,S., Feng,Y., Wang,X., Bi,X., Sheng,G., Fu,J. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic 20060605 PMCID Editors
Postoperative hypoxemia and oxygen need in bakers compared with cigarette and water pipe smokers	2006	Maghsoudi, B., Department of Anesthesiology, Shahid Faghihi Hospital, Shiraz Univerity of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Iranian Journal of Medical Sciences Periodical, Abbrev. Iran.J.Med.Sci. Pub Date Free Form 2006/ Volume 31 Issue 3 Start Page 139 Other Pages 142 Notes Place of Publication ISSN/ISBN 0253-0716; 1735-3688 Accession Number Language SubFile DOI Output Language Unknown(0) PMID Abstract Background: Hypoxemia is a frequent complication after general anesthesia. It usually takes longer to recover in individuals with respiratory problems. Bakers may suffer from respiratory problems such as asthma. The objective of this study was to compare the occurrence of hypoxemia and duration of supplemental oxygen administration during recovery from general anesthesia in bakers and smokers. Methods: One hundred and twenty patients (55-70 years) undergone elective eye surgeries were assigned to four groups (n=30 each) of cigarette smokers, water pipe smokers, bakers, and controls. Method of anesthesia was routine and the same in all groups. The rate of occurrence of hypoxemia in recovery room was assessed and the duration of supplemental O 2 to treat hypoxemia was measured in each group. Results Arterial oxygen saturation (SaO2) was above 92% before anesthesia in all groups. The rate of occurrence of hypoxemia was significantly higher in bakers (60%) compared to cigarette smokers (36.6%), water pipe smokers (40%) or controls (30%). Mean duration of supplemental O2 administration was shorter in the control group (14Â±9 min) compared to those of cigarette smokers (30Â±16 min), water pipe smokers (28Â±14 min) or bakers (34Â±10 min). Conclusion: Bakers are more prone to the occurrence of postoperative hypoxemia than smokers or normal subjects. However, both bakers and smokers will need careful SaO2 monitoring and longer duration of supplemental O2 administration during recovery from general anesthesia if hypoxemia occurs. Descriptors adult, aged, arterial oxygen saturation, article, asthma, smoking, controlled study, elective surgery, human, hypoxemia, major clinical study, oxygen consumption, postoperative complication, recovery room, respiratory tract disease, work Links Book Title Database Embase Publisher Data Source Embase Authors Maghsoudi,B., Chohedri,A., Nasser Al-Shreafi,A. A. Original/Translated Title URL http://ijms.sums.ac.ir/31_3/05-Maghsoudi.pdf Date of Electronic PMCID Editors
Susceptibility of Cryptococcus neoformans biofilms to antifungal agents in vitro	2006	Department of Medicine and Immunology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, 1300 Morris Park Ave., Bronx, New York 10461, USA.	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy Periodical, Abbrev. Antimicrob.Agents Chemother. Pub Date Free Form Mar Volume 50 Issue 3 Start Page 1021 Other Pages 1033 Notes LR: 20141120; GR: AI033142-11/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/United States; GR: AI033774-11/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/United States; GR: HL059842-08/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/United States; JID: 0315061; 0 (Antifungal Agents); 0 (Echinocandins); 0 (Formazans); 0 (Melanins); 0 (Peptides, Place of Publication United States ISSN/ISBN 0066-4804; 0066-4804 Accession Number PMID: 16495265 Language eng SubFile Comparative Study; Journal Article; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural; IM DOI 50/3/1021 [pii] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 16495265 Abstract Microbial biofilms contribute to virulence and resistance to antibiotics by shielding microbial cells from host defenses and antimicrobial drugs, respectively. Cryptococcus neoformans was demonstrated to form biofilms in polystyrene microtiter plates. The numbers of CFU of disaggregated biofilms, 2,3-bis(2-methoxy-4-nitro-5-sulfophenyl)-5-[(phenylamino)carbonyl]-2H-tetrazolium hydroxide reduction, and light and confocal microscopy were used to measure the fungal mass, the metabolic activity, and the appearance of C. neoformans biofilms, respectively. Biofilm development by C. neoformans followed a standard sequence of events: fungal surface attachment, microcolony formation, and matrix production. The susceptibilities of C. neoformans cells of the biofilm and planktonic phenotypes to four antifungal agents were examined. The exposure of C. neoformans cells or preformed cryptococcal biofilms to fluconazole or voriconazole did not result in yeast growth inhibition and did not affect the metabolic activities of the biofilms, respectively. In contrast, both C. neoformans cells and preformed biofilms were susceptible to amphotericin B and caspofungin. However, C. neoformans biofilms were significantly more resistant to amphotericin B and caspofungin than planktonic cells, and their susceptibilities to these drugs were further reduced if cryptococcal cells contained melanin. A spot enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and light and confocal microscopy were used to investigate how antifungal drugs affected C. neoformans biofilm formation. The mechanism by which amphotericin B and caspofungin interfered with C. neoformans biofilm formation involved capsular polysaccharide release and adherence. Our results suggest that biofilm formation may diminish the efficacies of some antifungal drugs during cryptococcal infection. Descriptors Amphotericin B/metabolism/pharmacology, Antifungal Agents/metabolism/pharmacology, Biofilms/drug effects, Biomass, Cryptococcus neoformans/cytology/drug effects/metabolism, Dose-Response Relationship, Drug, Echinocandins, Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay, Fluconazole/metabolism/pharmacology, Formazans/analysis, Melanins/metabolism, Microbial Sensitivity Tests, Microscopy, Confocal, Peptides, Cyclic/metabolism/pharmacology, Plankton/cytology/drug effects/metabolism, Pyrimidines/metabolism/pharmacology, Triazoles/metabolism/pharmacology, Voriconazole Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Martinez,L. R., Casadevall,A. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic PMCID PMC1426450 Editors

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