WTS database

Title	Pub Year Sort descending	Author	SearchLink
Quantification of flavor-related compounds in the unburned contents of bidi and clove cigarettes	2006	Division of Laboratory Sciences, Emergency Response and Air Toxicants Branch, National Center for Environmental Health, U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia 30341-3719, USA. sstanfill@cdc.gov	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry Periodical, Abbrev. J.Agric.Food Chem. Pub Date Free Form 1-Nov Volume 54 Issue 22 Start Page 8580 Other Pages 8588 Notes LR: 20151119; JID: 0374755; 0 (Flavoring Agents); ppublish Place of Publication United States ISSN/ISBN 0021-8561; 0021-8561 Accession Number PMID: 17061837 Language eng SubFile Journal Article; IM DOI 10.1021/jf060733o [doi] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 17061837 Abstract Bidi cigarettes, small hand-rolled cigarettes produced primarily in India, are sold in the United States in a wide variety of candy-like flavors (e.g. dewberry, chocolate, clove) and are popular with adolescents. Many flavored bidis contain high concentrations of compounds such as eugenol, anethole, methyleugenol, pulegone, and estragole; several of these compounds have known toxic or carcinogenic properties. Clove cigarettes, or kreteks, are another highly flavored tobacco product with high levels of eugenol due to clove buds present in the tobacco filler. In this study, compounds in the burnable portion-the filler and wrapper material actually consumed during the smoking of bidis, kreteks, and U.S. cigarettes-were analyzed. Flavor-related compounds were solvent extracted from the burnable portion of each cigarette with methanol. An aliquot of the methanol extract was heated, and the sample headspace was sampled with a solid-phase microextraction fiber and introduced into a gas chromatograph-mass spectrometer for analysis in selected-ion monitoring mode. High levels of eugenol were detected in five clove-flavored bidi brands ranging from 78.6 to 7130 microg/cigarette (microg/cig), whereas diphenyl ether (128-3550 microg/cig) and methyl anthranilate (154-2360 microg/cig) were found in one grape-flavored bidi brand. A nontobacco herbal bidi brand contained the greatest variety of compounds, including anethole (489-665 microg/cig), eugenol (1670-2470 microg/cig), methyleugenol (27.7-36.6 microg/cig), safrole (32.4-34.4 microg/cig), myristicin (170-247 microg/cig), and elemicin (101-109 microg/cig). Filler from kreteks was found to contain high levels of eugenol, anethole, and coumarin. Flavored bidis and clove cigarettes contain a number of compounds that are present at levels far exceeding those reported in U.S. cigarette tobacco. Research is underway to determine the levels of these compounds delivered in smoke. It is not known what effect inhalation of these compounds has on smokers. Descriptors Filtration, Fires, Flavoring Agents/analysis/chemistry, Mass Spectrometry, Reproducibility of Results, Syzygium/chemistry, Tobacco/chemistry Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Stanfill,S. B., Brown,C. R., Yan,X. J., Watson,C. H., Ashley,D. L. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic PMCID Editors
Study on mutagenic effects of bisphenol A diglycidyl ether (BADGE) and its derivatives in the Escherichia coli tryptophan reverse mutation assay	2006	Laboratorio de Microbioloxia, Instituto de Investigacion e Analises Alimentarias, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Campus Sur s/n, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain. mprosaan@usc.es	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Mutation research Periodical, Abbrev. Mutat.Res. Pub Date Free Form 10-Oct Volume 609 Issue 1 Start Page 11 Other Pages 16 Notes LR: 20131121; JID: 0400763; 0 (Benzhydryl Compounds); 0 (Carcinogens); 0 (Epoxy Compounds); 8DUH1N11BX (Tryptophan); F3XRM1NX4H (2,2-bis(4-glycidyloxyphenyl)propane); 2005/07/22 [received]; 2006/05/17 [revised]; 2006/05/29 [accepted]; 2006/07/25 [aheadofp Place of Publication Netherlands ISSN/ISBN 0027-5107; 0027-5107 Accession Number PMID: 16870492 Language eng SubFile Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; IM DOI S1383-5718(06)00161-6 [pii] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 16870492 Abstract The di-epoxy compound bisphenol A diglycidyl ether (BADGE), its first and second hydrolysis products (BADGE.H2O and BADGE.2H2O, respectively) and its bis-chlorohydrin derivative (BADGE.2HCl) were examined for their mutagenicity in the Escherichia coli tryptophan reverse mutation test with strains WP2, WP2uvrA and IC3327. The assays were performed in the presence and absence of exogenous metabolic activation (S9 fraction from rat liver). The di-epoxy compound BADGE was able to induce mutagenic effects in strains WP2uvrA and IC3327 and the epoxy-diol BADGE.H2O also showed a positive response with these strains, although the latter was less potent than the former. On the other hand, the lack of mutagenic activity of BADGE.2H2O and BADGE.2HCl was also demonstrated. Descriptors Benzhydryl Compounds, Carcinogens/chemistry/toxicity, Colony Count, Microbial, Dose-Response Relationship, Drug, Epoxy Compounds/chemistry/toxicity, Escherichia coli/drug effects/genetics/growth & development, Molecular Structure, Mutagenicity Tests/methods, Mutation/drug effects/genetics, Tryptophan/genetics Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Sueiro,R. A., Suarez,S., Araujo,M., Garrido,M. J. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic 20060725 PMCID Editors
Single laboratory validation of a method for the determination of Bisphenol A, Bisphenol A diglycidyl ether and its derivatives in canned foods by reversed-phase liquid chromatography	2006	Food Science and Technology Programme, Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 3, Singapore 117543, Singapore.	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Journal of chromatography.A Periodical, Abbrev. J.Chromatogr.A Pub Date Free Form 29-Sep Volume 1129 Issue 1 Start Page 145 Other Pages 148 Notes LR: 20131121; JID: 9318488; 0 (Acetonitriles); 0 (Benzhydryl Compounds); 0 (Epoxy Compounds); 0 (Phenols); F3XRM1NX4H (2,2-bis(4-glycidyloxyphenyl)propane); MLT3645I99 (bisphenol A); Z072SB282N (acetonitrile); 2005/12/20 [received]; 2006/07/31 [revised]; Place of Publication Netherlands ISSN/ISBN 0021-9673; 0021-9673 Accession Number PMID: 16945377 Language eng SubFile Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; IM DOI S0021-9673(06)01563-9 [pii] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 16945377 Abstract A method was developed and validated for the simultaneous determination of Bisphenol A (BPA), Bisphenol A diglycidyl ether (BADGE), BADGE-H2O, BADGE-2H2O, BADGE-H2O-HCl, BADGE-HCl, and BADGE-2HCl in canned food using reversed phase high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) with fluorescence detection; chromatographic separation of all seven analytes was achieved (Rs > or = 1.08) using HPLC gradient elution technique. Acetonitrile was used to extract the analytes from the food matrix before subjecting the samples to liquid-liquid extraction, solid-phase extraction for further clean-up and preconcentration prior to HPLC analysis. Excellent inter-day precision data (n = 10) and intra-day precision data (n = 5) were obtained on a 200 microg/kg spiked sample. The RSD ranged from 0.20% to 2.96% for the inter-day precision tests, and 0.04% to 2.82% for the intra-day precision tests. Accuracy was measured at three concentration levels: 200, 1000, and 2000 microg/kg; recoveries ranged from 86.07% to 114.06%. The excellent validation data suggests that this method can be applied on canned foods for the determination of migration of BPA, BADGE and its derivatives from can coatings into food. Descriptors Acetonitriles/chemistry, Benzhydryl Compounds, Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid/methods, Epoxy Compounds/analysis/chemistry/isolation & purification, Food Analysis/methods, Food Contamination/analysis, Food Preservation, Phenols/analysis/chemistry/isolation & purification, Reproducibility of Results Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Sun,C., Leong,L. P., Barlow,P. J., Chan,S. H., Bloodworth,B. C. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic 20060901 PMCID Editors
Influence of tobacco smoking to development of the fetus, newborn and child--a review	2006	Katedra i Klinika Zdrowia Matki i Dziecka, Akademii Medycznej w Poznaniu.	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Przeglad lekarski Periodical, Abbrev. Przegl.Lek. Pub Date Free Form Volume 63 Issue 10 Start Page 1135 Other Pages 1137 Notes JID: 19840720R; 0 (Tobacco Smoke Pollution); RF: 32; ppublish Place of Publication Poland ISSN/ISBN 0033-2240; 0033-2240 Accession Number PMID: 17288237 Language pol SubFile English Abstract; Journal Article; Review; IM DOI Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 17288237 Abstract Maternal smoking during pregnancy is associated with not only low birth weight and intrauterine fetal growth retardation or sudden infant death syndrome but also causes complications in postnatal growth and development. The aim of the study was to estimate the effect of tobacco smoking during pregnancy on development of the fetus, newborn and child. We conclude that active and passive smoking during pregnancy is a risk factor for the child. Descriptors Child, Child Development, Female, Fetal Development, Humans, Infant, Infant, Low Birth Weight, Infant, Newborn, Infant, Small for Gestational Age, Maternal-Fetal Exchange, Pregnancy, Pregnancy Complications/epidemiology, Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects/epidemiology/prevention & control, Smoking/epidemiology/prevention & control, Sudden Infant Death/epidemiology, Tobacco Smoke Pollution/prevention & control/statistics & numerical data Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Szymanowski,K., Chmaj-Wierzchowska,K., Florek,E., Opala,T. Original/Translated Title Wplyw dymu tytoniowego na rozwoj plodu, noworodka i dziecka--przeglad pismiennictwa URL Date of Electronic PMCID Editors
Cessation among smokers of "light" cigarettes: results from the 2000 national health interview survey	2006	University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA. tindleha@upmc.edu	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full American Journal of Public Health Periodical, Abbrev. Am.J.Public Health Pub Date Free Form Aug Volume 96 Issue 8 Start Page 1498 Other Pages 1504 Notes LR: 20151119; JID: 1254074; 0 (Tars); 0 (tobacco tar); 6M3C89ZY6R (Nicotine); OID: NLM: PMC1522106; 2006/06/29 [aheadofprint]; ppublish Place of Publication United States ISSN/ISBN 1541-0048; 0090-0036 Accession Number PMID: 16809583 Language eng SubFile Journal Article; AIM; IM DOI AJPH.2005.072785 [pii] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 16809583 Abstract OBJECTIVES: A large proportion of smokers erroneously believe that low-nicotine/low-tar cigarettes, also called "light cigarettes" or "lights," reduce health risks and are a rational alternative to smoking cessation. However, the availability of light cigarettes may deter smoking cessation. METHODS: We analyzed the 32374 responses to the US 2000 National Health Interview Survey. Current and former smokers ("ever-smokers") were asked if they had ever used a lower tar and nicotine cigarette to reduce health risks. Multivariable logistic regression identified determinants of lights use and smoking cessation. Results were weighted to reflect the national population. RESULTS: Of 12285 ever-smokers, 37% (N=4414) reported having used light cigarettes to reduce health risks. Current abstinence was less often reported by ever-smokers who had previously used light cigarettes than by ever-smokers who had never used lights (37% vs 53%, P<.01). Adjusted odds of cessation among ever-smokers who had used light cigarettes relative to those who had never used lights were reduced by 54% (adjusted odds ratio=0.46, 95% confidence interval=0.41, 0.51). CONCLUSIONS: Use of light cigarettes was common and was associated with lower odds of current smoking cessation, validating the concern that smokers may use lights as an alternative to cessation. Descriptors Adult, Aged, Female, Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice, Health Surveys, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Nicotine/analysis, Risk Factors, Risk Reduction Behavior, Smoking Cessation/ethnology/psychology/statistics & numerical data, Socioeconomic Factors, Surveys and Questionnaires, Tars/analysis, Tobacco/chemistry, Tobacco Industry, Tobacco Use Cessation/ethnology/psychology/statistics & numerical data, United States/epidemiology Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Tindle,H. A., Rigotti,N. A., Davis,R. B., Barbeau,E. M., Kawachi,I., Shiffman,S. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic 20060629 PMCID PMC1522106 Editors
Hubble bubble equals trouble: the hazards of water pipe smoking.	2006	Urkin, J., Primary Pediatric Unit, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of theNegev, Beer-Sheva, Israel.	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full TheScientificWorldJournal Periodical, Abbrev. ScientificWorldJournal Pub Date Free Form / Volume 6 Issue Start Page 1990 Other Pages 1997 Notes Place of Publication ISSN/ISBN 1537-744X Accession Number Language SubFile DOI Output Language Unknown(0) PMID Abstract A Narghile, one of the names for a water pipe, is an instrument for tobacco smoking that has became a trend among the youth in Israel. The mistaken opinion that smoking a Narghile is not as dangerous as smoking cigarettes makes the youngsters and their parents take it lightly and contributes to the expansion of its use. The objective of this paper was to review the literature on the health risks of Narghile smoking. A literature search of Medline (PubMed) and the Internet on the health hazards of Narghile smoking was conducted. The health hazards that the Narghile smoker is exposed to include interference with oxidation, damage to genetic compounds, increased risk of developing malignancies, infectious diseases, damage to the fetus and newborn, and exposure to commonly abused chemicals. It is concluded that increased awareness of the expanded use of the Narghile is imperative and education programs about the prevention of cigarette smoking and substance abuse should also include Narghile smoking. Descriptors adolescent, child behavior, human, psychological aspect, review, smoking, tobacco dependence Links Book Title Database MEDLINE Publisher Data Source Embase Authors Urkin,J., Ochaion,R., Peleg,A. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic PMCID Editors
Effect of placement agitation and placement time on the shear bond strength of 3 self-etching adhesives	2006	University of the Pacific, Arthur A Dugoni School of Dentistry, San Francisco, CA, USA.	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Operative dentistry Periodical, Abbrev. Oper.Dent. Pub Date Free Form Jul-Aug Volume 31 Issue 4 Start Page 426 Other Pages 430 Notes LR: 20131121; JID: 7605679; 0 (Acrylic Resins); 0 (AdheSE cement); 0 (Clearfil SE Bond); 0 (Composite Resins); 0 (Dentin-Bonding Agents); 0 (Resin Cements); 0 (Xeno III); 0 (Z100 composite resin); 059QF0KO0R (Water); 7631-86-9 (Silicon Dioxide); C6V6S92N3 Place of Publication United States ISSN/ISBN 0361-7734; 0361-7734 Accession Number PMID: 16924982 Language eng SubFile Journal Article; D DOI 10.2341/05-52 [doi] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 16924982 Abstract This study measured the shear bond strength (SBS) of 3 self-etching bonding agents to enamel and dentin with and without agitation at 3 different application times. The null hypotheses tested were that agitation and application time have no effect on bond strength. Occlusal surfaces of 180 recently extracted caries-free human molars were wet ground with 600 grit wet-dry silica carbide abrasive paper to obtain a flat enamel surface. The teeth were divided into 18 groups of 10 teeth. Three self-etching bonding agents, Clearfil SE BOND (Kuraray America), Xeno III (Dentsply) and AdheSE (Ivoclar-Vivadent) were applied using application times of 10, 20 or 30 seconds with or without agitation, thinned with a gentle stream of air and cured for 10 seconds, according to manufacturers' directions. Z100 (3M ESPE) composite, A2 shade, was placed over the cured adhesive and cured for 40 seconds. The samples were stored in distilled water at room temperature until testing. The samples were tested in shear to failure with a 1-mm/minute crosshead speed. After enamel shear bond strength testing, the teeth were again ground with 400 and 600-grit wet-dry SiC paper to obtain a flat dentin surface. The protocol used for preparing the enamel bond test samples was repeated, and the teeth were stored until testing in distilled water at room temperature. The samples were again tested in shear at a 1-mm/minute crosshead speed. Values were converted to MPa and data analyzed for intergroup differences using ANOVA and Tukey post-hoc tests. Agitation did not improve enamel SBS for any of the materials tested, but there was a significant difference in enamel SBS among materials: Clearfil SE Bond shear bond strength was greater than Xeno III, which was greater than AdheSE. At 10 seconds application time on dentin, agitation improved the Clearfil SE Bond SBS and, at 20 seconds application time on dentin, agitation significantly improved SBS to dentin for all systems tested. Agitation had no affect when the adhesive was applied to dentin for 30 seconds. Clearfil SE Bond SBS to dentin was significantly higher than the other self-etching adhesives tested except at 10 seconds without agitation. Descriptors Acrylic Resins/chemistry, Composite Resins/chemistry, Dental Bonding, Dental Enamel/ultrastructure, Dentin/ultrastructure, Dentin-Bonding Agents/chemistry, Humans, Kinetics, Materials Testing, Resin Cements/chemistry, Shear Strength, Silicon Dioxide/chemistry, Surface Properties, Temperature, Time Factors, Water/chemistry, Zirconium/chemistry Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Velasquez,L. M., Sergent,R. S., Burgess,J. O., Mercante,D. E. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic PMCID Editors
Effects of staining and bleaching on color change of dental composite resins	2006	Bioscience Research Center, College of Dental Medicine, Nova Southeastern University, Fort Lauderdale, FL 33329, USA. pvillalt@nova.edu	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full The Journal of prosthetic dentistry Periodical, Abbrev. J.Prosthet.Dent. Pub Date Free Form Feb Volume 95 Issue 2 Start Page 137 Other Pages 142 Notes LR: 20131121; JID: 0376364; 0 (Coffee); 0 (Coloring Agents); 0 (Composite Resins); 0 (Drug Combinations); 0 (Esthet-X); 0 (Filtek Supreme); 0 (Oxidants); 0 (Peroxides); 31PZ2VAU81 (carbamide peroxide); 8W8T17847W (Urea); ppublish Place of Publication United States ISSN/ISBN 0022-3913; 0022-3913 Accession Number PMID: 16473088 Language eng SubFile Journal Article; D; IM DOI S0022-3913(05)00646-3 [pii] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 16473088 Abstract STATEMENT OF PROBLEM: Discoloration of resin-based composites by colored solutions is a common problem. The use of bleaching agents for discolored natural teeth is becoming increasingly popular. It is not clear if bleaching agents can remove the stain from composite resins. PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of 2 staining solutions and 3 bleaching systems on the color changes of 2 dental composite resins. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Forty-five disk-shaped specimens (9 x 2.5 mm) of each of 2 composite resins, Filtek Supreme (FS) and Esthet X (EX), were prepared. The specimens were then divided into 3 groups of 15 specimens each and immersed in 2 staining solutions (coffee or red wine) or distilled water (control) for 3 hours daily over a 40-day test period. The 3 groups were then divided into 3 subgroups (n = 5), and 3 bleaching agents (Crest Night Effects, Colgate Simply White Night, or Opalescence Quick) were applied to the surface of the specimens over a 14-day period. Color of the specimens was measured with a spectrophotometer using CIELAB color space relative to CIE standard illuminant D55 at baseline, after staining, and after bleaching. The color differences (deltaE(ab)) between the 3 measurements were calculated. The value deltaE(ab) = 3.3 was used as an acceptable value in subjective visual evaluations. Analysis of variance and nonparametric analysis (Kruskal-Wallis test and Mann-Whitney test) were used to analyze the data. RESULTS: After staining, FS had more color change than EX and was more affected by the wine solution. After bleaching, the color of both EX and FS specimens returned to the baseline. The color differences between bleaching and baseline were less than value deltaE(ab)* = 3.3 for all groups. CONCLUSION: The nanocomposite (FS) changed color more than the microhybrid composite (EX) as a result of staining in coffee or red wine solutions. After bleaching, discoloration was removed completely from the composite resins tested. Descriptors Analysis of Variance, Coffee, Color, Coloring Agents/chemistry, Composite Resins/chemistry, Drug Combinations, Materials Testing, Oxidants, Particle Size, Peroxides, Statistics, Nonparametric, Tooth Bleaching, Urea/analogs & derivatives, Wine Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Villalta,P., Lu,H., Okte,Z., Garcia-Godoy,F., Powers,J. M. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic PMCID Editors
Provisional report on diving-related fatalities in Australian waters 2001	2006	Walker, D., 'Project Stickybeak', Collaroy, NSW 2097, Australia	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Diving and Hyperbaric Medicine Periodical, Abbrev. Diving Hyperbaric Med. Pub Date Free Form 2006/09 Volume 36 Issue 3 Start Page 122 Other Pages 138 Notes Place of Publication ISSN/ISBN 1833-3516 Accession Number Language SubFile DOI Output Language Unknown(0) PMID Abstract During 2001, 12 deaths in association with breath-hold and snorkel use were identified in Australia from official sources. There were also 11 fatalities in association with scuba use, and three where surface-supply air was involved. Case summaries are presented with attention to the medical, equipment and diver performance factors. Significant adverse factors are identified and discussed for each of the groups, with comments on possibilities for reducing the number of fatalities that occur. As in previous years, the scenarios and avoidable factors are diverse. Of particular note, all three of the 'hookah' deaths were due to carbon monoxide poisonin. Descriptors carbon monoxide, accidental death, adult, aged, article, Australia, brain embolism, breath holding, carbon monoxide intoxication, cause of death, clinical article, diver, diving, drowning, female, gas embolism, heart infarction, human, hyperbaric oxygen, male, mortality, risk reduction Links Book Title Database Embase Publisher Data Source Embase Authors Walker,D. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic PMCID Editors
Multiwalled carbon nanotubes coated fibers for solid-phase microextraction of polybrominated diphenyl ethers in water and milk samples before gas chromatography with electron-capture detection	2006	Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials, Ministry of Education, Research Center for Analytical Sciences, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China.	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Journal of chromatography.A Periodical, Abbrev. J.Chromatogr.A Pub Date Free Form 22-Dec Volume 1137 Issue 1 Start Page 8 Other Pages 14 Notes LR: 20090115; JID: 9318488; 0 (Hydrocarbons, Brominated); 0 (Nanotubes, Carbon); 0 (Phenyl Ethers); 0 (Water Pollutants, Chemical); 2006/09/13 [received]; 2006/10/02 [revised]; 2006/10/02 [accepted]; 2006/10/20 [aheadofprint]; ppublish Place of Publication Netherlands ISSN/ISBN 0021-9673; 0021-9673 Accession Number PMID: 17055524 Language eng SubFile Comparative Study; Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; IM DOI S0021-9673(06)01898-X [pii] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 17055524 Abstract Determination of polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) in environmental samples has raised great concerns due to the widespread use of PBDEs and their potential risk to humans. Solid-phase microextraction (SPME) is a fast, simple, cost-effective, and green sample preparation technique and is widely used for environmental analysis, but reports on the application of SPME for determination of PBDEs are very limited, and only a few publications dealing with commercial SPME fibers are available for extraction of PBDEs. Herein, we report a novel SPME method using multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) as the SPME fiber coating for gas chromatography with electron-capture detection (GC-ECD) of PBDEs in environmental samples. The MWCNTs coating gave much higher enhancement factors (616-1756) than poly (5% dibenzene-95% dimethylsiloxane) coating (139-384) and activated carbon coating (193-423). Thirty-minute extraction of 10 mL of sample solution using the MWCNTs coated fiber for GC-ECD determination yielded the limits of detection of 3.6-8.6 ng L(-1) and exhibited good linearity of the calibration functions (r(2)>0.995). The precision (RSD%, n=4) for peak area and retention time at the 500 ng L(-1) level was 6.9-8.8% and 0.6-0.9%, respectively. The developed method was successfully applied for the analysis of real samples including local river water, wastewater, and milk samples. The recovery of the PBDEs at 500 ng L(-1) spiked in these samples ranged from 90 to 119%. No PBDEs were detected in the river water and skimmed milk samples, whereas in the wastewater sample, 134-215 ng L(-1) of PBDEs were found. The PBDEs were detected in all whole fat milk samples, ranging from 13 to 484 ng L(-1). In a semiskimmed milk sample, only BDE-47 was found at 21 ng L(-1). Descriptors Animals, Cattle, Chromatography, Gas/methods, Food Contamination/analysis, Hydrocarbons, Brominated/analysis, Milk/chemistry, Nanotubes, Carbon, Phenyl Ethers/analysis, Solid Phase Microextraction/instrumentation/methods, Water Pollutants, Chemical/analysis Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Wang,J. X., Jiang,D. Q., Gu,Z. Y., Yan,X. P. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic 20061020 PMCID Editors

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