WTS database

Title	Pub Year Sort descending	Author	SearchLink
The relationship between waterpipe smoking and body weight: population-based findings from Syria	2015	School of Public Health, University of Memphis, Memphis, TN; Syrian Center for Tobacco Studies, Aleppo, Syria; kdward@memphis.edu.; School of Public Health, University of Memphis, Memphis, TN;; School of Public Health, University of Memphis, Memphis, TN;	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Nicotine & tobacco research : official journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco Periodical, Abbrev. Nicotine Tob.Res. Pub Date Free Form Jan Volume 17 Issue 1 Start Page 34 Other Pages 40 Notes LR: 20160101; CI: (c) The Author 2014; GR: R01 DA035160/DA/NIDA NIH HHS/United States; GR: R01DA024876/DA/NIDA NIH HHS/United States; GR: R01DA035160/DA/NIDA NIH HHS/United States; GR: R01TW05962/TW/FIC NIH HHS/United States; GR: R21TW006545/TW/FIC NIH HH Place of Publication England ISSN/ISBN 1469-994X; 1462-2203 Accession Number PMID: 25096252 Language eng SubFile Journal Article; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural; IM DOI 10.1093/ntr/ntu121 [doi] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 25096252 Abstract INTRODUCTION: Cigarette smoking has well known effects on body weight, with current smokers weighing less than never-smokers, and cessation producing weight gain. Use of waterpipe (or "hookah") is increasing in many parts of the world but its effects on body weight are not known. METHODS: We compared body mass index (BMI) among 2,536 adults (age >/= 18 years old), who were never, former, current nondaily, or current daily waterpipe smokers, drawn from 2 representative, population-based household surveys of adults in Aleppo, Syria. RESULTS: Overall, 84.1% (n = 2,134) never-smoked waterpipe, 4.6% (n = 116) were former smokers, 9.9% (n = 251) were current nondaily smokers, and 1.4% (n = 35) were current daily smokers. Mean BMI of the sample was 30.2 kg/m(2) (SD = 6.3). Adjusted for cigarette smoking, number of chronic diseases, age, gender, income, and marital status, daily waterpipe users were 2.26 BMI units greater than never-smokers (beta = 2.26, 95% CI = 0.79-3.72), and had nearly threefold odds of being obese (odds ratio = 2.87, 95% CI = 1.06-7.76). Nondaily and former waterpipe users were similar to never-smokers in terms of BMI and obesity risk. CONCLUSION: Results indicate that daily waterpipe users, compared to never-users, have higher BMI, translating into 6 extra kilograms of weight on average, and are 3 times as likely to be obese. Descriptors Links Book Title Database Publisher . Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco Data Source Authors Ward,K.D., Ahn,S., Mzayek,F., Al Ali,R., Rastam,S., Asfar,T., Fouad,F., Maziak,W. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic 20140805 PMCID PMC4351400 Editors
Subjective well-being and hookah use among adults in the United States: A nationally-representative sample	2015	Department of Psychology, Queens College and The Graduate Center, City University of New York (CUNY), Flushing, NY 11367, USA. Electronic address: agrinberg@qc.cuny.edu.	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Drug and alcohol dependence Periodical, Abbrev. Drug Alcohol Depend. Pub Date Free Form 1-Aug Volume 153 Issue Start Page 242 Other Pages 249 Notes CI: Copyright (c) 2015; JID: 7513587; OTO: NOTNLM; 2014/11/04 [received]; 2015/05/03 [revised]; 2015/05/08 [accepted]; 2015/05/27 [aheadofprint]; ppublish Place of Publication Ireland ISSN/ISBN 1879-0046; 0376-8716 Accession Number PMID: 26099176 Language eng SubFile Journal Article; IM DOI 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2015.05.020 [doi] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 26099176 Abstract BACKGROUND: Using a nationally-representative dataset of adults 18-30 years old in the United States, this study examined the relationship between hookah use and subjective well-being. Levels of sadness, happiness, tiredness, pain, and stress were compared between persons who have used hookah and those who have not. METHODS: Data were merged from the Tobacco Use Supplement of the Current Population Survey, the American Time Use Survey, and the Subjective Well-being Supplement to the American Time Use Survey for the years 2010-2012 for persons 18-30 years old (n=1147). Wald tests were used to compare mean differences in subjective well-being between hookah users and non-users. Lastly, multivariable regression was used to determine whether there were significant differences in subjective well-being between hookah users and non-users, controlling for demographic factors, self-perceived health, and cigarette smoking. RESULTS: The lifetime prevalence rate of hookah use was 5.2% among 18-30 year olds. Hookah users reported higher levels of stress and sadness than non-users. These relationships remained significant after controlling for demographic characteristics, self-perceived health, and cigarette use. The results were robust to the use of different statistical models, different age cut-offs, the inclusion of additional covariates (such as income and population density), and separate analyses by sex. CONCLUSIONS: Hookah use is an emerging public health issue associated with increased levels of stress and sadness. Similar to cigarette use, healthcare providers may consider expanding their screening tests to include hookah use. Public policy geared toward greater prevention and control of hookah use is also recommended. Descriptors Links Book Title Database Publisher Elsevier Ireland Ltd Data Source Authors Grinberg,A. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic 20150527 PMCID Editors
Waterpipe tobacco smoking: The critical need for cessation treatment	2015	School of Public Health, University of Memphis, 201 Robison Hall, Memphis, TN 38152-3450, United States; Syrian Center for Tobacco Studies, Tishreen Street, Sheehan, PO Box: 16542, Aleppo, Syria. Electronic address: kdward@memphis.edu.; Department of Heal	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Drug and alcohol dependence Periodical, Abbrev. Drug Alcohol Depend. Pub Date Free Form 1-Aug Volume 153 Issue Start Page 14 Other Pages 21 Notes CI: Copyright (c) 2015; JID: 7513587; OTO: NOTNLM; 2014/12/17 [received]; 2015/04/27 [revised]; 2015/05/18 [accepted]; 2015/05/27 [aheadofprint]; ppublish Place of Publication Ireland ISSN/ISBN 1879-0046; 0376-8716 Accession Number PMID: 26054945 Language eng SubFile Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; Review; IM DOI 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2015.05.029 [doi] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 26054945 Abstract BACKGROUND: Waterpipe use has spread globally, and has substantial negative health effects and nicotine dependence potential. A growing literature addresses cessation-related experiences of waterpipe users, but this literature has not been summarized nor is guidance available on developing and testing cessation interventions. METHOD: Authors gathered key empirical papers on waterpipe cessation-related topics, including observational studies about users' perceived ability to quit, interest in quitting, quit rates, and cessation trials. Based on this review, recommendations are made to guide the development and rigorous evaluation of waterpipe cessation interventions. RESULTS: Many users want to quit and make quit attempts, but are unsuccessful at doing so on their own; therefore, developing and testing waterpipe cessation interventions should be a priority for global tobacco control efforts. Early efforts have tested waterpipe cessation interventions designed for, or adapted from, cigarette smoking programs. CONCLUSIONS: Waterpipe-specific cessation programs that address unique features of waterpipe smoking (e.g., its cultural significance, social uses, and intermittent use pattern) and characteristics and motivations of users who want to quit are needed. Recommendations are provided to move waterpipe cessation intervention development forward. Descriptors Links Book Title Database Publisher Elsevier Ireland Ltd Data Source Authors Ward,K.D., Siddiqi,K., Ahluwalia,J.S., Alexander,A.C., Asfar,T. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic 20150527 PMCID Editors
High performance concentration method for viruses in drinking water	2015	Institute of Hydrochemistry, Chair of Analytical Chemistry, Technische Universitat Munchen, Marchioninistr. 17, 81377 Munich, Germany.; Institute of Hydrochemistry, Chair of Analytical Chemistry, Technische Universitat Munchen, Marchioninistr. 17, 81377 M	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Journal of virological methods Periodical, Abbrev. J.Virol.Methods Pub Date Free Form 15-Sep Volume 222 Issue Start Page 132 Other Pages 137 Notes CI: Copyright (c) 2015; JID: 8005839; 0 (Drinking Water); OTO: NOTNLM; 2015/02/17 [received]; 2015/05/21 [revised]; 2015/06/14 [accepted]; 2015/06/18 [aheadofprint]; ppublish Place of Publication Netherlands ISSN/ISBN 1879-0984; 0166-0934 Accession Number PMID: 26093027 Language eng SubFile Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; IM DOI 10.1016/j.jviromet.2015.06.007 [doi] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 26093027 Abstract According to the risk assessment of the WHO, highly infectious pathogenic viruses like rotaviruses should not be present in large-volume drinking water samples of up to 90 m(3). On the other hand, quantification methods for viruses are only operable in small volumes, and presently no concentration procedure for processing such large volumes has been reported. Therefore, the aim of this study was to demonstrate a procedure for processing viruses in-line of a drinking water pipeline by ultrafiltration (UF) and consecutive further concentration by monolithic filtration (MF) and centrifugal ultrafiltration (CeUF) of viruses to a final 1-mL sample. For testing this concept, the model virus bacteriophage MS2 was spiked continuously in UF instrumentation. Tap water was processed in volumes between 32.4 m(3) (22 h) and 97.7 m(3) (72 h) continuously either in dead-end (DE) or cross-flow (CF) mode. Best results were found by DE-UF over 22 h. The concentration of MS2 was increased from 4.2x10(4) GU/mL (genomic units per milliliter) to 3.2x10(10) GU/mL and from 71 PFU/mL to 2x10(8) PFU/mL as determined by qRT-PCR and plaque assay, respectively. Descriptors Links Book Title Database Publisher Elsevier B.V Data Source Authors Kunze,A., Pei,L., Elsasser,D., Niessner,R., Seidel,M. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic 20150618 PMCID Editors
Liquid crystal precursor mucoadhesive system as a strategy to improve the prophylactic action of Syngonanthus nitens (Bong.) Ruhland against infection by Candida krusei	2015	Department of Biological Sciences, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sao Paulo State University, Araraquara, Brazil.; Department of Drugs and Medicine, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sao Paulo State University, Araraquara, Brazil.; Department of Infe	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full International journal of nanomedicine Periodical, Abbrev. Int.J.Nanomedicine Pub Date Free Form 16-Dec Volume 10 Issue Start Page 7455 Other Pages 7466 Notes LR: 20160102; JID: 101263847; OID: NLM: PMC4687718; OTO: NOTNLM; 2015 [ecollection]; 2015/12/16 [epublish]; epublish Place of Publication New Zealand ISSN/ISBN 1178-2013; 1176-9114 Accession Number PMID: 26719688 Language eng SubFile Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; IM DOI 10.2147/IJN.S92638 [doi] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 26719688 Abstract Vaginal infections caused by Candida krusei are a problem of extreme complexity due to the intrinsic resistance to azole drugs. The species Syngonanthus nitens (Bong.) Ruhland is a plant of the Eriocaulaceae family that has demonstrated promising antifungal activity. In phyto-formulation research, liquid crystal precursor mucoadhesive systems (LCPM) stand out as drug delivery systems for vaginal administration because they increase the activity and overcome the problems associated with plant-based medicines. Therefore, the objective of this study was to evaluate the potential of the methanolic extract of scapes of S. nitens (S. nitens extract [SNE]) and an SNE-loaded LCPM against C. krusei as prophylaxis for vulvovaginal candidiasis. LCPM formulation developed consisted of oleic acid as the oil phase (50% w/w), polyoxypropylene (5) polyoxyethylene (20) cetyl alcohol (40% w/w) as the surfactant and a polymeric dispersion containing 2.5% Carbopol((R)) 974P and 2.5% polycarbophil (10% w/w) as the aqueous phase. LCPM formulation developed was characterized using polarized light microscopy, rheological analysis, and in vitro mucoadhesive studies. Different strains of C. krusei, including one standard strain (American Type Culture Collection 6258) and three clinically isolated strains from the vaginal region (CKV1, 2, and 3), were used to determine the minimum inhibitory concentration, inhibition of biofilms, and time kill. The in vivo prophylaxis assay was performed using the standard strain (American Type Culture Collection 6258). The analyses of F by polarized light microscopy and rheology showed isotropy; however, the addition of 100% artificial vaginal mucus (F100) made it more viscous and anisotropic. Moreover, the mucoadhesive strength was modified, which makes F an excellent formulation for vaginal applications. SNE was active against all strains studied, with minimum inhibitory concentration values ranging from 125 to 62.5 microg/mL; after incorporating SNE into F (FE), these values decreased to 62.5 to 31.2 microg/mL, demonstrating that incorporation into the formulation potentiated the action of SNE. Additionally, the time kill assays showed that both forms of SNE were capable of controlling growth, thereby suggesting a possible fungistatic mechanism. Unloaded SNE was not active against C. krusei biofilms, but FE was active against a clinical strain (CKV2). In vivo analysis showed that FE was able to prevent the development of infection following 10 days of administration. We concluded that the formulation developed in this study was an important vehicle for the delivery of SNE based on the improved antifungal activity in all in vitro and in vivo analyses. Furthermore, the extract incorporated into the system may serve as an important prophylactic agent against vaginal infections caused by C. krusei. Descriptors Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors dos Santos Ramos,M.A., Calixto,G., de Toledo,L.G., Bonifacio,B.V., dos Santos,L.C., de Almeida,M.T., Chorilli,M., Bauab,T.M. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic 20151216 PMCID PMC4687718 Editors
Association between tobacco waterpipe smoking and head and neck conditions: A systematic review	2015		Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Journal of the American Dental Association (1939) Periodical, Abbrev. J.Am.Dent.Assoc. Pub Date Free Form Oct Volume 146 Issue 10 Start Page 760 Other Pages 766 Notes CI: Copyright (c) 2015; JID: 7503060; OTO: NOTNLM; 2014/10/29 [received]; 2015/04/13 [revised]; 2015/04/14 [accepted]; ppublish Place of Publication England ISSN/ISBN 1943-4723; 0002-8177 Accession Number PMID: 26409986 Language eng SubFile Journal Article; Review; D; IM DOI 10.1016/j.adaj.2015.04.014 [doi] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 26409986 Abstract BACKGROUND: With the growing popularity of waterpipe smoking (WPS), it is important to understand how WPS may impact health. The aim of this study was to systematically review the literature to identify potential health effects of WPS, specifically on the head and neck region. TYPES OF STUDIES REVIEWED: The authors systematically reviewed published articles that focused on WPS and head and neck conditions identified from the following databases: PubMed and MEDLINE, PsycInfo, and Google Scholar. RESULTS: The authors included 20 articles in the review. Ten of the articles pertained to oral tissue outcomes, 7 to head and neck cancer, and 3 to the voice and middle ear. The authors found that WPS was associated with greater inflammation, Candida, periodontitis, dry socket, blood chromium and nickel levels, premalignant lesions, oral cancer, esophageal squamous cell carcinoma, attic retraction, edema in the vocal cords, and lower habitual vocal pitch and voice turbulence index. CONCLUSIONS AND PRACTICAL IMPLICATIONS: WPS is associated with various head and neck conditions. Educational and policy approaches may be required to limit the spread of WPS and its potentially deleterious effects. Descriptors Links Book Title Database Publisher American Dental Association. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved Data Source Authors Munshi,T., Heckman,C.J., Darlow,S. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic PMCID Editors
Waterpipe smoke: source of toxic and carcinogenic VOCs, phenols and heavy metals?	2015	Department of Chemicals and Product Safety, German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment (BfR), Max-Dohrn-Strasse 8-10, 10589, Berlin, Germany. Jens.Schubert@bfr.bund.de.; Department of Chemicals and Product Safety, German Federal Institute for Risk Asses	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Archives of Toxicology Periodical, Abbrev. Arch.Toxicol. Pub Date Free Form Nov Volume 89 Issue 11 Start Page 2129 Other Pages 2139 Notes JID: 0417615; OTO: NOTNLM; 2014/02/20 [received]; 2014/09/11 [accepted]; 2014/09/24 [aheadofprint]; ppublish Place of Publication Germany ISSN/ISBN 1432-0738; 0340-5761 Accession Number PMID: 25248501 Language eng SubFile Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; IM DOI 10.1007/s00204-014-1372-x [doi] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 25248501 Abstract The use of the waterpipe, a traditional aid for the consumption of tobacco, has spread worldwide and is steadily increasing especially among the youth. On the other hand, there is a lack of knowledge regarding the composition of mainstream waterpipe smoke and the toxicological risks associated with this kind of smoking habit. Using a standardized machine smoking protocol, mainstream waterpipe smoke was generated and further analyzed for twelve volatile organic compounds (VOCs) and eight phenolic compounds by applying gas chromatography-mass spectrometry and reverse-phase high-performance liquid chromatography-fluorescence detection, respectively. Additionally, seventeen elements were analyzed in waterpipe tobacco and charcoal prior to and after smoking, applying inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry to assess the maximum exposure of these elements. For the first time ever, we have been able to show that waterpipe mainstream smoke contains high levels of the human carcinogen benzene. Compared with cigarette smoke yields, the levels were 6.2-fold higher, thus representing a significant health hazard for the waterpipe smoker. Furthermore, we found that waterpipe mainstream smoke contains considerable amounts of catechol, hydroquinone and phenol, each of which causing some health concern at least. The analysis of waterpipe tobacco and charcoal revealed that both matrices contained considerable amounts of the toxic elements nickel, cadmium, lead and chromium. Altogether, the data on VOCs, phenols and elements presented in this study clearly point to the health hazards associated with the consumption of tobacco using waterpipes. Descriptors Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Schubert,J., Muller,F.D., Schmidt,R., Luch,A., Schulz,T.G. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic 20140924 PMCID Editors
Tracking Hookah Bars in New York: Utilizing Yelp as a Powerful Public Health Tool	2015	Department of Pediatrics New York University School of Medicine New York, NY United States.; Department of PediatricsNew York University School of MedicineNew York, NYUnited States; Brooklyn CollegeBrooklyn, NYUnited States.; Department of PediatricsNew Y	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full JMIR public health and surveillance Periodical, Abbrev. JMIR Public.Health.Surveill. Pub Date Free Form 20-Nov Volume 1 Issue 2 Start Page e19 Other Pages Notes LR: 20160529; JID: 101669345; OID: NLM: PMC4869217; OTO: NOTNLM; 2015 [ecollection]; 2015/06/09 [received]; 2015/08/09 [revised]; 2015/09/22 [accepted]; 2015/11/20 [epublish]; epublish Place of Publication Canada ISSN/ISBN 2369-2960; 2369-2960 Accession Number PMID: 27227137 Language eng SubFile Journal Article DOI 10.2196/publichealth.4809 [doi] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 27227137 Abstract BACKGROUND: While cigarette use has seen a steady decline in recent years, hookah (water pipe) use has rapidly increased in popularity. While anecdotal reports have noted a rise in hookah bars, methodological difficulties have prevented researchers from drawing definitive conclusions about the number of hookah bars in any given location. There is no publicly available database that has been shown to reliably provide this information. It is now possible to analyze Internet trends as a measure of population behavior and health-related phenomena. OBJECTIVE: The objective of the study was to investigate whether Yelp can be used to accurately identify the number of hookah bars in New York State, assess the distribution and characteristics of hookah bars, and monitor temporal trends in their presence. METHODS: Data were obtained from Yelp that captures a variety of parameters for every business listed in their database as of October 28, 2014, that was tagged as a "hookah bar" and operating in New York State. Two algebraic models were created: one estimated the date of opening of a hookah bar based on the first Yelp review received and the other estimated whether the bar was open or closed based on the date of the most recent Yelp review. These findings were then compared with empirical data obtained by Internet searches. RESULTS: From 2014 onward, the date of the first Yelp review predicts the opening date of new hookah bars to within 1 month. Yelp data allow the estimate of such venues and demonstrate that new bars are not randomly distributed, but instead are clustered near colleges and in specific racial/ethnic neighborhoods. New York has seen substantially more new hookah bars in 2012-2014 compared with the number that existed prior to 2009. CONCLUSIONS: Yelp is a powerful public health tool that allows for the investigation of various trends and characteristics of hookah bars. New York is experiencing tremendous growth in hookah bars, a worrying phenomenon that necessitates further investigation. Descriptors Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Cawkwell,P.B., Lee,L., Weitzman,M., Sherman,S.E. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic 20151120 PMCID PMC4869217 Editors
Access to Safe Water and Personal Hygiene Practices in the Kulandia Refugee Camp (Jerusalem)	2015	Department of Pediatrics, Division of Infectious Diseases, Office of Health Equity and Inclusion, University of Michigan Medical School , Ann Arbor, USA.; University of Michigan School of Public Health , Ann Arbor, USA.; Eastern Michigan University , Ypsi	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Infectious disease reports Periodical, Abbrev. Infect.Dis.Rep. Pub Date Free Form 23-Dec Volume 7 Issue 4 Start Page 6040 Other Pages Notes LR: 20160113; JID: 101537203; OID: NLM: PMC4693332; OTO: NOTNLM; 2015/12/22 [ecollection]; 2015/05/27 [received]; 2015/07/21 [revised]; 2015/08/31 [accepted]; 2015/12/23 [epublish]; epublish Place of Publication Italy ISSN/ISBN 2036-7430; 2036-7430 Accession Number PMID: 26753084 Language eng SubFile Journal Article DOI 10.4081/idr.2015.6040 [doi] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 26753084 Abstract Diarrheal illness, frequently associated with fecal-oral transmission, is one of the leading causes of death worldwide. It is commonly preventable through the implementation of safe water practices. This experiment concerns how to best implement safe water practices in a quasi-permanent refugee camp setting with limited ability for structural changes. Specifically, we explore how health promotion activities that help identify target groups for hygiene interventions can play a role in disease prevention. An anonymous survey was conducted at the United Nations Relief and Works Agency Health Clinic in the Kulandia refugee camp to assess the safe water and personal hygiene practices. Demographic and social characteristics, accessible water and personal hygiene characteristics, and gastrointestinal (GI) burden for individuals and their households were assessed. A total of 96 individuals were enrolled; 62 females and 34 males. Approximately 58% of the sample had soap available and washed hands before and after eating and when preparing food. Piped water was the main source of drinking water (62%), while 31% of our sample utilized tanker-trucks. 93% of participants had access to toilet facilities, with 86% of these facilities being private households. 55% practice extra water hygiene measures on their household drinking water source. 51.3% considered vendor cleanliness when they were buying food. 51% had received formal health education. 68.8% had been taught by their parents, but only 55.2% were teaching their children and 15.6% had consistent access to a health professional for hygiene inquiries. Individual variables and hygiene practices associated with lower rates of diarrheal illnesses included having water piped into the home, proper hand washing, adequate soap availability, proper consideration of vendor cleanliness, higher income, levels of education, health hygiene education, and having access to healthcare professions to discuss hygiene related matters. This is the first study to assess the water and personal hygiene practices at the Kulandia refugee ramp. This study demonstrates that hygiene education and better practices are closely associated with the rate at which individuals and households suffer from diarrheal illnesses within the Kulandia refugee camp. There are significant hygiene deficits in the camp, which likely result from a lack of formal hygiene education and a lack of awareness concerning the connection between diarrheal illness and hygiene. With respect to practices, our results elucidate several areas where basic, communal programming - including lessons on appropriate hand washing and food preparation - will likely improve hygiene practices and decrease overall GI burden. Descriptors Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Issa,M., McHenry,M., Issa,A.A., Blackwood,R.A. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic 20151223 PMCID PMC4693332 Editors
Research report: Charcoal type used for hookah smoking influences CO production	2015		Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Undersea & hyperbaric medicine : journal of the Undersea and Hyperbaric Medical Society, Inc Periodical, Abbrev. Undersea Hyperb.Med. Pub Date Free Form Jul-Aug Volume 42 Issue 4 Start Page 375 Other Pages 380 Notes JID: 9312954; 16291-96-6 (Charcoal); 7U1EE4V452 (Carbon Monoxide); ppublish Place of Publication United States ISSN/ISBN 1066-2936; 1066-2936 Accession Number PMID: 26403022 Language eng SubFile Case Reports; Journal Article; Review; IM; S DOI Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 26403022 Abstract A hookah smoker who was treated for severe carbon monoxide poisoning with hyperbaric oxygen reported using a different type of charcoal prior to hospital admission, i.e., quick-light charcoal. This finding led to a study aimed at determining whether CO production differs between charcoals commonly used for hookah smoking, natural and quick-light. Our hypothesis was that quick-light charcoal produces significantly more CO than natural charcoal. A medium-sized hookah, activated charcoal filter, calibrated syringe, CO gas analyzer and infrared thermometer were assembled in series. A single 9-10 g briquette of either natural or quick-light charcoal was placed atop the hookah bowl and ignited. CO output (ppm) and temperature (degrees C) were measured in three-minute intervals over 90 minutes. The mean CO levels produced by quick-light charcoal over 90 minutes was significantly higher (3728 +/- 2028) compared to natural charcoal (1730 +/- 501 ppm, p = 0.016). However, the temperature was significantly greater when burning natural charcoal (292 +/- 87) compared to quick-light charcoal (247 +/- 92 degrees C, p = 0.013). The high levels of CO produced when using quick-light charcoals may be contributing to the increase in reported hospital admissions for severe CO poisoning. Descriptors Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Medford,M.A., Gasier,H.G., Hexdall,E., Moffat,A.D., Freiberger,J.J., Moon,R.E. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic PMCID Editors

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