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The subject of interest is:
waterpipe, water-pipe, nargile, narghile, arguileh, arguile, shisha, sheesha, chichi, hubble bubble, hubbly bubbly, goza, hookah, bong
| Title | Pub Year Sort descending | Author | SearchLink |
|---|---|---|---|
| Fungal infectivities of implanted catheters due to Candida sp. Biofilms formation and resistance | 2015 | Laboratoire antibiotique antifongique, physico-chimie, synthese et activite biologique, universite de Tlemcen, BP 119, 13000 Imama, Tlemcen, Algerie; University center of Naama, BP 66, 45000 Naama, Algerie. Electronic address: seddiki.med@gmail.com.; Labo | Read more... |
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Source Type
Print(0)
Ref Type
Journal Article
Periodical, Full
Journal de mycologie medicale
Periodical, Abbrev.
J.Mycol.Med.
Pub Date Free Form
Jun
Volume
25
Issue
2
Start Page
130
Other Pages
135
Notes
CI: Copyright (c) 2015; JID: 9425651; 0 (Antifungal Agents); 7XU7A7DROE (Amphotericin B); 8VZV102JFY (Fluconazole); OTO: NOTNLM; 2014/11/25 [received]; 2015/03/01 [revised]; 2015/03/02 [accepted]; 2015/05/06 [aheadofprint]; ppublish
Place of Publication
France
ISSN/ISBN
1773-0449; 1156-5233
Accession Number
PMID: 25957711
Language
fre
SubFile
English Abstract; Journal Article; IM
DOI
10.1016/j.mycmed.2015.03.003 [doi]
Output Language
Unknown(0)
PMID
25957711
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Candidemia are the most common fungal infections in hospitals. However, the catheters are subject to be altered by Candida biofilms which increase the risk of invasive nosocomial infections due to the high resistance to antifungal agents. Therefore, the minimum inhibitory concentrations of planktonic (MIC) and sessile cells (CIMS) were evaluated. METHODS: To review the in vivo biofilms structures of Candida sp. formed on the inner and/or external surfaces of collected catheters, we used scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The level of biofilm resistance was assessed against two conventional antifungal agents: amphotericin B (AmB), which belongs to the class of polyenes, and fluconazole (FLZ) which is an azole. RESULTS: The SEM observation of biofilms of Candida sp. reveals complex structures. Compared to MICs, the calculation of CIMS showed an increase of 32 times with AmB and of 128 times with FLZ. CONCLUSION: Catheters offer an ideal surface to Candida sp. to form biofilms. This complex structure induces the increase of the resistance of sessile cells against two antifungal agents, AmB and FLZ.
Descriptors
Links
Book Title
Database
Publisher
Elsevier Masson SAS
Data Source
Authors
Seddiki,S.M., Boucherit-Otmani,Z., Boucherit,K., Kunkel,D.
Original/Translated Title
Infectivites fongiques des catheters implantes dues a Candida sp. Formation des biofilms et resistance
URL
Date of Electronic
20150506
PMCID
Editors
|
|||
| Effect of Ebola progression on transmission and control in Liberia | 2015 | Read more... | |
|
Source Type
Print(0)
Ref Type
Journal Article
Periodical, Full
Annals of Internal Medicine
Periodical, Abbrev.
Ann.Intern.Med.
Pub Date Free Form
6-Jan
Volume
162
Issue
1
Start Page
11
Other Pages
17
Notes
LR: 20160106; GR: K24 DA017072/DA/NIDA NIH HHS/United States; GR: U01 GM087719/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/United States; GR: U01 GM087719/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/United States; GR: U01 GM105627/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/United States; JID: 0372351; CIN: Ann Intern Med. 2015 May 19
Place of Publication
United States
ISSN/ISBN
1539-3704; 0003-4819
Accession Number
PMID: 25347321
Language
eng
SubFile
Journal Article; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural; AIM; IM
DOI
10.7326/M14-2255 [doi]
Output Language
Unknown(0)
PMID
25347321
Abstract
BACKGROUND: The Ebola outbreak that is sweeping across West Africa is the largest, most volatile, and deadliest Ebola epidemic ever recorded. Liberia is the most profoundly affected country, with more than 3500 infections and 2000 deaths recorded in the past 3 months. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the contribution of disease progression and case fatality on transmission and to examine the potential for targeted interventions to eliminate the disease. DESIGN: Stochastic transmission model that integrates epidemiologic and clinical data on incidence and case fatality, daily viral load among survivors and nonsurvivors evaluated on the basis of the 2000-2001 outbreak in Uganda, and primary data on contacts of patients with Ebola in Liberia. SETTING: Montserrado County, Liberia, July to September 2014. MEASUREMENTS: Ebola incidence and case-fatality records from 2014 Liberian Ministry of Health and Social Welfare. RESULTS: The average number of secondary infections generated throughout the entire infectious period of a single infected case, R, was estimated as 1.73 (95% CI, 1.66 to 1.83). There was substantial stratification between survivors (RSurvivors), for whom the estimate was 0.66 (CI, 0.10 to 1.69), and nonsurvivors (RNonsurvivors), for whom the estimate was 2.36 (CI, 1.72 to 2.80). The nonsurvivors had the highest risk for transmitting the virus later in the course of disease progression. Consequently, the isolation of 75% of infected individuals in critical condition within 4 days from symptom onset has a high chance of eliminating the disease. LIMITATION: Projections are based on the initial dynamics of the epidemic, which may change as the outbreak and interventions evolve. CONCLUSION: These results underscore the importance of isolating the most severely ill patients with Ebola within the first few days of their symptomatic phase. PRIMARY FUNDING SOURCE: National Institutes of Health.
Descriptors
Links
Book Title
Database
Publisher
Data Source
Authors
Yamin,D., Gertler,S., Ndeffo-Mbah,M.L., Skrip,L.A., Fallah,M., Nyenswah,T.G., Altice,F.L., Galvani,A.P.
Original/Translated Title
URL
Date of Electronic
20141028
PMCID
PMC4402942
Editors
|
|||
| A longitudinal study of electronic cigarette use among a population-based sample of adult smokers: association with smoking cessation and motivation to quit | 2015 | Center for Survey Research, University of Massachusetts, Boston, MA lois.biener@umb.edu.; Center for Survey Research, University of Massachusetts, Boston, MA. | Read more... |
|
Source Type
Print(0)
Ref Type
Journal Article
Periodical, Full
Nicotine & tobacco research : official journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco
Periodical, Abbrev.
Nicotine Tob.Res.
Pub Date Free Form
Feb
Volume
17
Issue
2
Start Page
127
Other Pages
133
Notes
LR: 20160202; CI: (c) The Author 2014; GR: #R01CA151384-03/CA/NCI NIH HHS/United States; JID: 9815751; OID: NLM: PMC4375383; 2014/10/09 [aheadofprint]; ppublish
Place of Publication
England
ISSN/ISBN
1469-994X; 1462-2203
Accession Number
PMID: 25301815
Language
eng
SubFile
Journal Article; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural; IM
DOI
10.1093/ntr/ntu200 [doi]
Output Language
Unknown(0)
PMID
25301815
Abstract
AIMS: Increasingly popular electronic cigarettes (e-cigarettes) may be the most promising development yet to end cigarette smoking. However, there is sparse evidence that their use promotes cessation. We investigated whether e-cigarette use increases smoking cessation and/or has a deleterious effect on quitting smoking and motivation to quit. METHODS: Representative samples of adults in 2 US metropolitan areas were surveyed in 2011/2012 about their use of novel tobacco products. In 2014, follow-up interviews were conducted with 695 of the 1,374 baseline cigarette smokers who had agreed to be re-contacted (retention rate: 51%). The follow-up interview assessed their smoking status and history of electronic cigarette usage. Respondents were categorized as intensive users (used e-cigarettes daily for at least 1 month), intermittent users (used regularly, but not daily for more than 1 month), and non-users/triers (used e-cigarettes at most once or twice). RESULTS: At follow-up, 23% were intensive users, 29% intermittent users, 18% had used once or twice, and 30% had not tried e-cigarettes. Logistic regression controlling for demographics and tobacco dependence indicated that intensive users of e-cigarettes were 6 times more likely than non-users/triers to report that they quit smoking (OR: 6.07, 95% CI = 1.11, 33.2). No such relationship was seen for intermittent users. There was a negative association between intermittent e-cigarette use and 1 of 2 indicators of motivation to quit at follow-up. CONCLUSIONS: Daily use of electronic cigarettes for at least 1 month is strongly associated with quitting smoking at follow-up. Further investigation of the underlying reasons for intensive versus intermittent use will help shed light on the mechanisms underlying the associations between e-cigarette use, motivation to quit, and smoking cessation.
Descriptors
Links
Book Title
Database
Publisher
. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco
Data Source
Authors
Biener,L., Hargraves,J.L.
Original/Translated Title
URL
Date of Electronic
20141009
PMCID
PMC4375383
Editors
|
|||
| Risk factors for e-cigarette, conventional cigarette, and dual use in German adolescents: a cohort study | 2015 | Institute for Therapy and Health Research, IFT-Nord, Kiel, Germany; University Medical Center, Kiel, Germany. Electronic address: hanewinkel@ift-nord.de.; Institute for Therapy and Health Research, IFT-Nord, Kiel, Germany. | Read more... |
|
Source Type
Print(0)
Ref Type
Journal Article
Periodical, Full
Preventive medicine
Periodical, Abbrev.
Prev.Med.
Pub Date Free Form
May
Volume
74
Issue
Start Page
59
Other Pages
62
Notes
CI: Copyright (c) 2015; ISRCTN/ISRCTN99442407; JID: 0322116; OTO: NOTNLM; 2014/11/15 [received]; 2015/02/23 [revised]; 2015/03/07 [accepted]; 2015/03/12 [aheadofprint]; ppublish
Place of Publication
United States
ISSN/ISBN
1096-0260; 0091-7435
Accession Number
PMID: 25770433
Language
eng
SubFile
Journal Article; Randomized Controlled Trial; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; IM
DOI
10.1016/j.ypmed.2015.03.006 [doi]
Output Language
Unknown(0)
PMID
25770433
Abstract
OBJECTIVE: Little is known about risk factors that are associated with e-cigarette use in adolescents. METHODS: Multilevel mixed-effects regressions were performed to assess the relationship between factors that might be associated with e-cigarette, conventional cigarette and dual use in a cohort of 2693 German adolescents (mean age=12.5 years; SD=0.6). Risk factors were assessed in October 2010 and life time e-cigarette and conventional cigarette use were assessed 26 months later. RESULTS: Use of e-cigarettes as well as use of conventional cigarette and dual use were associated with higher sensation seeking scores, and higher odds of having friends and parents who smoke conventional cigarettes, with conventional cigarette use additionally with male gender, being older, having higher odds of siblings who smoke conventional cigarettes, and less likely for adolescents who attend a Gymnasium, secondary school with a strong emphasis on academic learning. The use of conventional cigarettes at baseline did not predict e-cigarette use at follow-up. Lifetime prevalence of e-cigarette use was 4.7%, of conventional cigarette use 18.4%. A quarter of e-cigarette users (23.8%) never smoked a conventional cigarette. DISCUSSION: Data indicate that e-cigarette and conventional cigarette use share many but not all risk factors. E-cigarettes could counteract the process of denormalization of smoking.
Descriptors
Links
Book Title
Database
Publisher
Elsevier Inc
Data Source
Authors
Hanewinkel,R., Isensee,B.
Original/Translated Title
URL
Date of Electronic
20150312
PMCID
Editors
|
|||
| Prevalence of Barrett's Esophagus in Asian Countries: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis | 2015 | Section of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Michael E. DeBakey VA Medical Center, and Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas.; Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota.; Section of Gastroen | Read more... |
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Source Type
Print(0)
Ref Type
Journal Article
Periodical, Full
Clinical gastroenterology and hepatology : the official clinical practice journal of the American Gastroenterological Association
Periodical, Abbrev.
Clin.Gastroenterol.Hepatol.
Pub Date Free Form
Nov
Volume
13
Issue
11
Start Page
1907
Other Pages
1918
Notes
LR: 20151026; CI: Copyright (c) 2015; GR: DK24-04-107/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/United States; GR: DK58338/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/United States; GR: K24 DK078154/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/United States; GR: R01 CA116845/CA/NCI NIH HHS/United States; GR: R01116845/PHS HHS/United
Place of Publication
United States
ISSN/ISBN
1542-7714; 1542-3565
Accession Number
PMID: 26260107
Language
eng
SubFile
Journal Article; Meta-Analysis; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural; Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.; Review; IM
DOI
10.1016/j.cgh.2015.07.050 [doi]
Output Language
Unknown(0)
PMID
26260107
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS: The prevalence and risk factors of Barrett's esophagus (BE) in Asian countries are unclear. Studies report a wide range of BE prevalence in Asian countries. We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to examine the prevalence of BE and its temporal changes and risk factors in Asian countries. METHODS: Two investigators performed independent literature searches by using PubMed and EMBASE databases, and subsequent data abstraction for studies had to meet several set inclusion and exclusion criteria. Pooled BE prevalence was calculated by using a random-effect model. Estimates of relative risk for possible risk or protective factors were also calculated. RESULTS: A total of 51 studies (N = 453,147), mainly from Eastern Asia, were included. The pooled prevalence of endoscopic BE was 7.8% (95% confidence interval, 5.0-12.1; 23 studies) and of histologically confirmed BE was 1.3% (95% confidence interval, 0.7-2.2; 28 studies). Most of histologic BE (82.1%) was short-segment BE (
Descriptors
Links
Book Title
Database
Publisher
AGA Institute. Published by Elsevier Inc
Data Source
Authors
Shiota,S., Singh,S., Anshasi,A., El-Serag,H.B.
Original/Translated Title
URL
Date of Electronic
20150807
PMCID
PMC4615528
Editors
|
|||
| Crystal structure of (E)-2-({[2-(1,3-dioxan-2-yl)phen-yl]imino}-meth-yl)phenol | 2015 | Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Catalytic Materials and Technology, School of Petrochemical Engineering, Changzhou University, Changzhou 213164, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China.; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Catalytic Materials and Technology | Read more... |
|
Source Type
Print(0)
Ref Type
Journal Article
Periodical, Full
Acta crystallographica.Section E, Crystallographic communications
Periodical, Abbrev.
Acta Crystallogr.E.Crystallogr.Commun.
Pub Date Free Form
30-Apr
Volume
71
Issue
Pt 5
Start Page
o357
Other Pages
8
Notes
LR: 20150524; JID: 101648987; OID: NLM: PMC4420126; OTO: NOTNLM; 2015/05/01 [ecollection]; 2015/04/20 [received]; 2015/04/23 [accepted]; 2015/04/30 [epublish]; epublish
Place of Publication
England
ISSN/ISBN
2056-9890
Accession Number
PMID: 25995947
Language
eng
SubFile
Journal Article
DOI
10.1107/S2056989015008051 [doi]
Output Language
Unknown(0)
PMID
25995947
Abstract
The title compound, C17H17NO3, prepared by the condensation reaction of 2-(1,3-dioxan-2-yl)aniline and salicyl-aldehyde, has an E conformation about the C=N bond. The six-membered O-heterocycle adopts a chair conformation, with the bond to the aromatic ring located at its equatorial position. The dihedral angle between the aromatic rings is 36.54 (9) degrees . There is an intra-molecular N-Hcdots, three dots, centeredO hydrogen bond forming an S(6) ring motif. In the crystal, mol-ecules are linked by C-Hcdots, three dots, centeredO hydrogen bonds, forming chains along the a-axis direction. Within the chains, there are C-Hcdots, three dots, centeredpi inter-actions involving adjacent mol-ecules.
Descriptors
Links
Book Title
Database
Publisher
Data Source
Authors
Li,Z., Shi,S., Zhou,K., Chen,L., Sun,X.
Original/Translated Title
URL
Date of Electronic
20150430
PMCID
PMC4420126
Editors
|
|||
| Ebola transmission linked to a single traditional funeral ceremony - Kissidougou, Guinea, December, 2014-January 2015 | 2015 | Read more... | |
|
Source Type
Print(0)
Ref Type
Journal Article
Periodical, Full
MMWR.Morbidity and mortality weekly report
Periodical, Abbrev.
MMWR Morb.Mortal.Wkly.Rep.
Pub Date Free Form
17-Apr
Volume
64
Issue
14
Start Page
386
Other Pages
388
Notes
JID: 7802429; ppublish
Place of Publication
United States
ISSN/ISBN
1545-861X; 0149-2195
Accession Number
PMID: 25879897
Language
eng
SubFile
Journal Article; IM
DOI
mm6414a4 [pii]
Output Language
Unknown(0)
PMID
25879897
Abstract
On December 18, 2014, the Guinea Ministry of Health was notified by local public health authorities in Kissidougou, a prefecture in southeastern Guinea (pop. 284,000), that the number of cases of Ebola virus disease (Ebola) had increased from one case reported during December 8-14, 2014, to 62 cases reported during December 15-21. Kissidougou is one of the four Guinea prefectures (the others are Macenta, Gueckedou, and Conakry) where Ebola was first reported in West Africa in March 2014, and the mid-December increase was the largest documented by any prefecture in Guinea in a single week since the beginning of the epidemic. The Guinea Ministry of Health requested assistance from CDC and the World Health Organization to investigate the local outbreak, identify and isolate persons with suspected Ebola, assess transmission chains, and implement control measures. The investigation found that 85 confirmed Ebola cases were linked to one traditional funeral ceremony, including 62 (73%) cases reported during December 15-21. No additional cases related to this funeral ceremony were reported after January 10, 2015. After the outbreak was identified, rapid implementation of interventions limited additional Ebola virus transmission. Improved training for prompt reporting of cases, investigation, and contact tracing, and community acceptance of safe burial methods can reduce the risk for Ebola transmission in rural communities.
Descriptors
Links
Book Title
Database
Publisher
Data Source
Authors
Victory,K.R., Coronado,F., Ifono,S.O., Soropogui,T., Dahl,B.A., Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC)
Original/Translated Title
URL
Date of Electronic
PMCID
Editors
|
|||
| Prevalence and correlates of electronic-cigarette use in young adults: findings from three studies over five years | 2015 | Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Francisco, 401 Parnassus Avenue, Box TRC 0984, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA. Electronic address: danielle.ramo@ucsf.edu.; Division of Research, Kaiser Permanente Northern California, 2000 Broadway-3r | Read more... |
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Source Type
Print(0)
Ref Type
Journal Article
Periodical, Full
Addictive Behaviors
Periodical, Abbrev.
Addict.Behav.
Pub Date Free Form
Feb
Volume
41
Issue
Start Page
142
Other Pages
147
Notes
LR: 20160202; CI: Copyright (c) 2014; GR: K23 DA018691/DA/NIDA NIH HHS/United States; GR: K23 DA018691/DA/NIDA NIH HHS/United States; GR: K23 DA032578/DA/NIDA NIH HHS/United States; GR: K23 DA032578/DA/NIDA NIH HHS/United States; GR: P50 DA009253/DA/NIDA
Place of Publication
England
ISSN/ISBN
1873-6327; 0306-4603
Accession Number
PMID: 25452058
Language
eng
SubFile
Journal Article; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural; IM
DOI
10.1016/j.addbeh.2014.10.019 [doi]
Output Language
Unknown(0)
PMID
25452058
Abstract
BACKGROUND: We aimed to examine prevalence and correlates of past-month electronic cigarette ("e-cigarette") use and use of e-cigarettes to aid a cessation attempt in three samples of young adult smokers recruited online in 2009-2010 (Study 1), 2010-2011 (Study 2), and 2013 (Study 3). METHODS: Participants were young adults aged 18 to 25 who smoked at least one cigarette in the previous month (Study 1, N=1987 and Study 2, N=570) or smoked 3 or more days each week and used Facebook 4 or more days per week (Study 3, N=79). We examined both past-month e-cigarette use and ever use of e-cigarettes to quit conventional cigarettes. RESULTS: Prevalence of past-month use of e-cigarettes was higher in each subsequent study: Study 1 (6%), Study 2 (19%), and Study 3 (41%). In multivariate analyses, significant correlates of past-month e-cigarette use were identified for Study 1 (male sex OR=2.1, p=.03; past-year quit attempt OR=1.6, p=.03) and Study 2 (male sex, OR=1.7, p=.03; younger age OR=0.88, p=.05), but not Study 3. In multivariate analyses, significant correlates of ever use of e-cigarette to quit conventional cigarettes were identified for Study 1 (education, OR=1.2, p=.02; smoking within 30min of waking, OR=2.8, p=.02; past year quit attempt OR=4.1, p=.02), and Study 3 (desire to quit smoking, OR=1.3, p=.02), but not Study 2. CONCLUSIONS: E-cigarette use is increasingly common among young adults, particularly men. E-cigarette use for quitting conventional cigarettes appears more common among those more nicotine dependent and interested in quitting.
Descriptors
Links
Book Title
Database
Publisher
Elsevier Ltd
Data Source
Authors
Ramo,D.E., Young-Wolff,K.C., Prochaska,J.J.
Original/Translated Title
URL
Date of Electronic
20141023
PMCID
PMC4314311
Editors
|
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| Comprehensive determination of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in Chinese herbal medicines by solid phase extraction and gas chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry | 2015 | Qinhuangdao Entry-Exit Inspection and Quarantine Bureau, Qinhuangdao, 066004, China. | Read more... |
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Source Type
Print(0)
Ref Type
Journal Article
Periodical, Full
Analytical and bioanalytical chemistry
Periodical, Abbrev.
Anal.Bioanal Chem.
Pub Date Free Form
Mar
Volume
407
Issue
7
Start Page
1989
Other Pages
1997
Notes
LR: 20160512; JID: 101134327; 0 (Drugs, Chinese Herbal); 0 (Polycyclic Hydrocarbons, Aromatic); 2014/10/17 [received]; 2015/01/05 [accepted]; 2014/12/19 [revised]; 2015/01/31 [aheadofprint]; ppublish
Place of Publication
Germany
ISSN/ISBN
1618-2650; 1618-2642
Accession Number
PMID: 25636228
Language
eng
SubFile
Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; IM
DOI
10.1007/s00216-015-8463-2 [doi]
Output Language
Unknown(0)
PMID
25636228
Abstract
A simple and highly sensitive gas chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (GC-MS/MS) method combined with solid-phase extraction cleanup was established for the comprehensive determination of 16 Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in various kinds of Chinese herbal medicines (CHMs). A solid-phase extraction (SPE) purification strategy, including three parallel procedures, was developed depending on sample type, and satisfactory purification performances were achieved for all selected CHMs. The limits of detection ranged from 0.12 to 1.08 mug kg(-1) for the analyzed PAHs. The average recoveries were in the range of 65.9 % to 100.8 %, except for naphthalene (43.8 %-75.9 %), and the relative standard deviations were =12.8 %. The proposed method was successfully applied to the analysis of PAHs in 24 CHMs including five roots, three stems, four flowers, two fruits, four seeds, three leaves, and three barks. In the samples analyzed, all 16 PAHs are present. Their sum ranges from 21.1 to 2236.3 mug kg(-1). The entire procedure was shown to be effective and conveniently fast, and may serve as an alternative screening protocol for the determination of PAHs in CHMs.
Descriptors
Links
Book Title
Database
Publisher
Data Source
Authors
Cui,Z., Ge,N., Zhang,A., Liu,Y., Zhang,J., Cao,Y.
Original/Translated Title
URL
Date of Electronic
20150131
PMCID
Editors
|
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| Assessing the Consequences of Implementing Graphic Warning Labels on Cigarette Packs for Tobacco-Related Health Disparities | 2015 | Annenberg School for Communication, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA; lgibson@asc.upenn.edu.; Centre for Behavioural Research in Cancer, Cancer Council Victoria, Melbourne, Australia.; Annenberg School for Communication, University of Pennsylv | Read more... |
|
Source Type
Print(0)
Ref Type
Journal Article
Periodical, Full
Nicotine & tobacco research : official journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco
Periodical, Abbrev.
Nicotine Tob.Res.
Pub Date Free Form
Aug
Volume
17
Issue
8
Start Page
898
Other Pages
907
Notes
LR: 20160801; CI: (c) The Author 2015; GR: P20-CA095856/CA/NCI NIH HHS/United States; GR: P20-CA095856-09S1/CA/NCI NIH HHS/United States; JID: 9815751; OID: NLM: PMC4580548; ppublish
Place of Publication
England
ISSN/ISBN
1469-994X; 1462-2203
Accession Number
PMID: 26180214
Language
eng
SubFile
Journal Article; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural; IM
DOI
10.1093/ntr/ntv082 [doi]
Output Language
Unknown(0)
PMID
26180214
Abstract
INTRODUCTION: Population-level communication interventions, such as graphic warning labels (GWLs) on cigarette packs, have the potential to reduce or exacerbate tobacco-related health disparities depending on their effectiveness among disadvantaged sub-populations. This study evaluated the likely impact of nine GWLs proposed by the US Food and Drug Administration on (1) African American and (2) Hispanic smokers, who disproportionately bear the burden of tobacco-related illness, and (3) low education smokers, who have higher smoking rates. METHODS: Data were collected online from current smokers randomly assigned to see GWLs (treatment) or the current text-only warning labels (control). Participants were stratified by age (18-25; 26+) in each of four groups: general population (n = 1246), African Americans (n = 1200), Hispanics (n = 1200), and low education (n = 1790). We tested the effectiveness of GWLs compared to text-only warning labels using eight outcomes that are predictive of quitting intentions or behaviors including negative emotion, intentions to hold back from smoking, intentions to engage in avoidance behaviors, and intentions to quit. RESULTS: Across all outcomes, GWLs were significantly more effective than text-only warning labels more often than expected by chance. Results suggested that African Americans, Hispanics and smokers with low education did not differ from the general population of smokers in their reactions to any of the nine individual GWLs. CONCLUSIONS: The nine GWLs were similarly effective for disadvantaged sub-populations and the general population of smokers. Implementation of GWLs is therefore unlikely to reduce or exacerbate existing tobacco-related health disparities, but will most likely uniformly increase intentions and behaviors predictive of smoking cessation.
Descriptors
Links
Book Title
Database
Publisher
. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco
Data Source
Authors
Gibson,L., Brennan,E., Momjian,A., Shapiro-Luft,D., Seitz,H., Cappella,J.N.
Original/Translated Title
URL
Date of Electronic
PMCID
PMC4580548
Editors
|
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