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Community quarantine to interrupt Ebola virus transmission - Mawah Village, Bong County, Liberia, August-October, 2014 2015
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Print(0)
Ref Type
Journal Article
Periodical, Full
MMWR.Morbidity and mortality weekly report
Periodical, Abbrev.
MMWR Morb.Mortal.Wkly.Rep.
Pub Date Free Form
27-Feb
Volume
64
Issue
7
Start Page
179
Other Pages
182
Notes
JID: 7802429; ppublish
Place of Publication
United States
ISSN/ISBN
1545-861X; 0149-2195
Accession Number
PMID: 25719679
Language
eng
SubFile
Journal Article; IM
DOI
mm6407a4 [pii]
Output Language
Unknown(0)
PMID
25719679
Abstract
On September 30, 2014, the Bong County health officer notified the county Ebola task force of a growing outbreak of Ebola virus disease (Ebola) in Mawah, a village of approximately 800 residents. During September 9-16, household quarantine had been used by the community in response to a new Ebola infection. Because the infection led to a local outbreak that grew during September 17-20, county authorities suggested community quarantine be considered, and beginning on approximately September 20, the Fuamah District Ebola Task Force (Task Force) engaged Mawah leaders to provide education about Ebola and to secure cooperation for the proposed measures. On September 30, Bong County requested technical assistance to develop strategies to limit transmission in the village and to prevent spread to other areas. The county health team, with support from the Task Force and CDC, traveled to Mawah on October 1 and identified approximately two dozen residents reporting symptoms consistent with Ebola. Because of an ambulance shortage, 2 days were required, beginning October 1, to transport the patients to an Ebola treatment unit in Monrovia. Community quarantine measures, consisting of restrictions on entering or leaving Mawah, regulated river crossings, and market closures, were implemented on October 1. Local leaders raised concerns about availability of medical care and food. The local clinic was reopened on October 11, and food was distributed on October 12. The Task Force reported a total of 22 cases of Ebola in Mawah during September 9-October 2, of which 19 were fatal. During October 3-November 21, no new cases were reported in the village. Involving community members during planning and implementation helped support a safe and effective community quarantine in Mawah.
Descriptors
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Book Title
Database
Publisher
Data Source
Authors
Nyenswah,T., Blackley,D.J., Freeman,T., Lindblade,K.A., Arzoaquoi,S.K., Mott,J.A., Williams,J.N., Halldin,C.N., Kollie,F., Laney,A.S., Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC)
Original/Translated Title
URL
Date of Electronic
PMCID
Editors
Bacaba beverage produced by Umutina Brazilian Amerindians: Microbiological and chemical characterization 2015 Departamento de Ciencia de Alimentos, Universidade Federal de Lavras, Lavras, MG, Brazil.; Departamento de Biologia, Universidade Federal de Lavras, Lavras, MG, Brazil.; Departamento de Biologia, Universidade Federal de Lavras, Lavras, MG, Brazil.
Source Type
Print(0)
Ref Type
Journal Article
Periodical, Full
Brazilian journal of microbiology : [publication of the Brazilian Society for Microbiology]
Periodical, Abbrev.
Braz J.Microbiol.
Pub Date Free Form
Oct-Dec
Volume
46
Issue
4
Start Page
1207
Other Pages
1216
Notes
LR: 20160115; JID: 101095924; OID: NLM: PMC4704630; 2014/11/21 [received]; 2015/03/30 [accepted]; 2015/10/27 [aheadofprint]; ppublish
Place of Publication
Brazil
ISSN/ISBN
1678-4405; 1517-8382
Accession Number
PMID: 26691483
Language
eng
SubFile
Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; IM
DOI
10.1590/S1517-838246420140964 [doi]
Output Language
Unknown(0)
PMID
26691483
Abstract
Bacaba chicha is a beverage prepared by the indigenous Umutina people from the bacaba fruit (Oenocarpus bacaba), a purple berry that is rich in fat and carbohydrates, as well as a source of phenolic compounds. In this study, samples of bacaba chicha beverage were collected, and the microbial community was assessed using culture-dependent and -independent techniques. The nutritional composition and metabolite profiles were analyzed, and species belonging to lactic acid bacteria (LAB) and yeasts were detected. The LAB group detected by culture-dependent analysis included Enterococcus hormaechei and Leuconostoc lactis. Polymerase chain reaction and denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (PCR-DGGE) detected additional Propionibacterium avidum, Acetobacter spp., and uncultured bacteria. Pichia caribbica and Pichia guilliermondii were detected in a culture-dependent method, and Pichia caribbica was confirmed by PCR-DGGE analysis. The pH value of the beverage was 6.2. The nutritional composition was as follows: 16.47 +/- 0.73 g 100 mL-1 dry matter, 2.2 +/- 0.0 g 100 mL-1 fat, 3.36 +/- 0.44 g 100 mL-1 protein, and 10.87 +/- 0.26 g 100 mL-1 carbohydrate. The metabolites detected were 2.69 g L-1 succinic acid, 0.9 g L-1 acetic acid, 0.49 g L-1 citric acid, 0.52 g L-1 ethanol, and 0.4 g L-1 glycerol. This is the first study to identify microbial diversity in bacaba chicha spontaneous fermentation. This study is also the starting step in the immaterial record of this Brazilian indigenous beverage prepared from bacaba fruit.
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Book Title
Database
Publisher
Data Source
Authors
Puerari,C., Magalhaes-Guedes,K.T., Schwan,R.F.
Original/Translated Title
URL
Date of Electronic
20151027
PMCID
PMC4704630
Editors
Chemical composition of the essential oil and fixed oil Bauhinia pentandra (Bong.) D. Dietr 2015 Departamento de Quimica Organica e Inorganica, Universidade Federal do Ceara, Fortaleza-CE, Brazil.; Departamento de Quimica Organica e Inorganica, Universidade Federal do Ceara, Fortaleza-CE, Brazil.; Departamento de Quimica Organica e Inorganica, Univer
Source Type
Print(0)
Ref Type
Journal Article
Periodical, Full
Pharmacognosy magazine
Periodical, Abbrev.
Pharmacogn Mag.
Pub Date Free Form
Oct
Volume
11
Issue
Suppl 2
Start Page
S362
Other Pages
4
Notes
JID: 101300403; OTO: NOTNLM; ppublish
Place of Publication
India
ISSN/ISBN
0973-1296; 0973-1296
Accession Number
PMID: 26664026
Language
eng
SubFile
Journal Article
DOI
10.4103/0973-1296.166015 [doi]
Output Language
Unknown(0)
PMID
26664026
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Bauhinia pentandrais popularly known as "mororo" and inhabits the Caatinga and Savannah biomes. OBJECTIVE: This paper reports the chemical composition of the essential and fatty oils of the leaves from B. pentandra. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The essential oil was obtained by hydrodistillation and the fixed oil by extraction with hexane, followed by saponification with KOH/MeOH, and methylation using MeOH/HCl. The constituents were analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. RESULTS: The major constituent of the essential oil was the phytol (58.78% +/-8.51%), and of the fatty oil were palmitic (29.03%), stearic (28.58%) and linolenic (10.53%) acids. CONCLUSION: Of the compounds identified in the essential oil, three are first reported in this species, and this is the first record of the chemical composition of the fixed oil.
Descriptors
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Book Title
Database
Publisher
Data Source
Authors
de Almeida,M.C., Souza,L.G., Ferreira,D.A., Monte,F.J., Braz-Filho,R., de Lemos,T.L.
Original/Translated Title
URL
Date of Electronic
PMCID
PMC4653348
Editors
Parental smoking and exposure to environmental tobacco smoke are associated with waterpipe smoking among youth: results from a national survey in Lebanon 2015 Department of Health Promotion and Community Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, American University of Beirut, Riad El Solh, Beirut, Lebanon; Department of Primary Care and Public Health, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom.; Department of He
Source Type
Print(0)
Ref Type
Journal Article
Periodical, Full
Public health
Periodical, Abbrev.
Public Health
Pub Date Free Form
Apr
Volume
129
Issue
4
Start Page
370
Other Pages
376
Notes
CI: Copyright (c) 2015; JID: 0376507; 0 (Tobacco Smoke Pollution); OTO: NOTNLM; 2014/03/15 [received]; 2015/01/13 [revised]; 2015/01/16 [accepted]; 2015/03/03 [aheadofprint]; ppublish
Place of Publication
Netherlands
ISSN/ISBN
1476-5616; 0033-3506
Accession Number
PMID: 25749674
Language
eng
SubFile
Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; IM
DOI
10.1016/j.puhe.2015.01.011 [doi]
Output Language
Unknown(0)
PMID
25749674
Abstract
OBJECTIVES: Waterpipe tobacco smoking (WTS) is a growing public health concern worldwide yet little is known about the epidemiology of use among young people. The objectives of this study were to examine the prevalence, patterns and correlates of WTS among students across Lebanon. STUDY DESIGN: The study design was a cross sectional survey. METHODS: 126-item tobacco questionnaire was conducted among 1128 sixth and seventh grade students across Lebanon. Current patterns of use were descriptively analysed, and logistic regression models examined correlates of WTS. RESULTS: Ever WTS prevalence was 44.3%, current WTS prevalence was triple that of cigarettes (22.1% vs 7.4%), and 40.0% of current users were at least weekly or daily smokers. Initiation and patterns of use, as well as addiction and cessation attitudes have been reported. Significant correlates of current WTS included older age, reduced religiosity, peer and parent tobacco use, recent waterpipe advertisement exposure, increased pluralistic ignorance and current cigarette use. Significant correlates of ever WTS were similar to current WTS, but included second hand waterpipe tobacco smoke exposure at home and did not include recent waterpipe advertisement exposure. Neither gender nor socio-economic status were significant correlates of current or ever WTS. CONCLUSIONS: Waterpipe is the most common form of tobacco smoking, and is used regularly, among sixth and seventh grade Lebanese students. It should be considered a public health priority with increased tobacco surveillance and legislation. Widespread educational and policy interventions might help denormalize the social acceptability of WTS. Meanwhile, more research is needed to understand the changing paradigm of WTS epidemiology and the health outcomes among young smokers.
Descriptors
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Book Title
Database
Publisher
The Royal Society for Public Health. Published by Elsevier Ltd
Data Source
Authors
Jawad,M., Nakkash,R.T., Mahfoud,Z., Bteddini,D., Haddad,P., Afifi,R.A.
Original/Translated Title
URL
Date of Electronic
20150303
PMCID
Editors
Sustained Waterpipe Tobacco Smoking and Trends Over Time 2015 Center for Research on Media, Technology, and Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania; Division of General Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania; Division of Ad
Source Type
Print(0)
Ref Type
Journal Article
Periodical, Full
American Journal of Preventive Medicine
Periodical, Abbrev.
Am.J.Prev.Med.
Pub Date Free Form
Dec
Volume
49
Issue
6
Start Page
859
Other Pages
867
Notes
LR: 20160311; CI: Copyright (c) 2015; GR: R01 CA140150/CA/NCI NIH HHS/United States; GR: R01 DA001411/DA/NIDA NIH HHS/United States; GR: R01 DA001411/DA/NIDA NIH HHS/United States; GR: R01-CA140150/CA/NCI NIH HHS/United States; JID: 8704773; NIHMS764052;
Place of Publication
Netherlands
ISSN/ISBN
1873-2607; 0749-3797
Accession Number
PMID: 26385163
Language
eng
SubFile
Journal Article; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural; IM
DOI
10.1016/j.amepre.2015.06.030 [doi]
Output Language
Unknown(0)
PMID
26385163
Abstract
INTRODUCTION: Use of waterpipe tobacco smoking (WTS) is now prevalent among U.S. adolescents. However, the more clinically relevant questions are whether users exhibit sustained patterns of use and whether use is increasing over time relative to other tobacco products. We aimed to examine factors associated with sustained WTS among U.S. adolescents and to compare prevalence trends between WTS and other tobacco products. METHODS: The Monitoring the Future project began assessing WTS among 12th-grade students in 2010. In 2014, we conducted multivariable regression analyses to examine correlates of sustained WTS, which we defined as use at least six times in the past 12 months. We used trend analysis to compare use of WTS and other types of tobacco. RESULTS: Of the 8,737 participants queried from 2010 to 2013, 18.8% (1,639) reported past-year WTS, whereas 7.2% (627) reported sustained use. Sustained WTS was inversely associated with female sex (versus male, OR=0.78, 95% CI=0.63, 0.96); African American race (versus Caucasian, OR=0.26, 95% CI=0.14, 0.48); and increased number of parents in the home (p
Descriptors
Links
Book Title
Database
Publisher
American Journal of Preventive Medicine. Published by Elsevier Inc
Data Source
Authors
Primack,B.A., Freedman-Doan,P., Sidani,J.E., Rosen,D., Shensa,A., James,A.E., Wallace,J.
Original/Translated Title
URL
Date of Electronic
20150915
PMCID
PMC4780332
Editors
Validation of the Waterpipe Tolerance Questionnaire Among Jordanian School-Going Adolescent Waterpipe Users 2015 The Hashemite University. sukaina-alzyoud@hu.edu.jo.
Source Type
Print(0)
Ref Type
Journal Article
Periodical, Full
Global journal of health science
Periodical, Abbrev.
Glob.J.Health.Sci.
Pub Date Free Form
25-Jun
Volume
8
Issue
2
Start Page
198
Other Pages
208
Notes
LR: 20160819; JID: 101519495; OID: NLM: PMC4804001; 2015/02/26 [received]; 2015/03/17 [accepted]; epublish
Place of Publication
Canada
ISSN/ISBN
1916-9736; 1916-9736
Accession Number
PMID: 26383198
Language
eng
SubFile
Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; Validation Studies; IM
DOI
10.5539/gjhs.v8n2p198 [doi]
Output Language
Unknown(0)
PMID
26383198
Abstract
INTRODUCTION: Waterpipe use among adolescents has been increasing progressively. Yet no studies were reported to assess the validity and reliability of nicotine dependence scale. The current study aims to assess the validity and reliability of an Arabic version of the modified Waterpipe Tolerance Questionnaire WTQ among school-going adolescent waterpipe users. METHODS: In a cross-sectional study conducted in Jordan, information on waterpipe use among 333 school-going adolescents aged 11-18 years was obtained using the Arabic version of the WTQ. An exploratory factor analysis and correlation matrices were conducted to assess validity and reliability of the WTQ. RESULTS: The WTQ had a 0.73 alpha of internal consistency indicating moderate level of reliability. The scale showed multidimensionality with items loading on two factors, namely waterpipe consumption and morning smoking. CONCLUSION: This study report nicotine dependence level among school-going adolescents who identify themselves as waterpipe users using the WTQ.
Descriptors
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Book Title
Database
Publisher
Data Source
Authors
Alzyoud,S., Veeranki,S.P., Kheirallah,K.A., Shotar,A.M., Pbert,L.
Original/Translated Title
URL
Date of Electronic
20150625
PMCID
PMC4804001
Editors
Rapid intervention to reduce Ebola transmission in a remote village - Gbarpolu County, Liberia, 2014 2015
Source Type
Print(0)
Ref Type
Journal Article
Periodical, Full
MMWR.Morbidity and mortality weekly report
Periodical, Abbrev.
MMWR Morb.Mortal.Wkly.Rep.
Pub Date Free Form
27-Feb
Volume
64
Issue
7
Start Page
175
Other Pages
178
Notes
JID: 7802429; ppublish
Place of Publication
United States
ISSN/ISBN
1545-861X; 0149-2195
Accession Number
PMID: 25719678
Language
eng
SubFile
Journal Article; IM
DOI
mm6407a3 [pii]
Output Language
Unknown(0)
PMID
25719678
Abstract
As late as September 14, 2014, Liberia's Gbarpolu County had reported zero cases of Ebola virus disease (Ebola). On October 25, the Bong County Health Team, a local health department in the Liberian Ministry of Health and Social Welfare (MOHSW), received confirmation of Ebola in a man who had recently left Geleyansiesu, a remote village of approximately 800 residents, after his wife and daughter had died of illnesses consistent with Ebola. MOHSW requested assistance from CDC, the World Health Organization, and other international partners to investigate and confirm the outbreak in Geleyansiesu and begin interventions to interrupt transmission. A total of 22 cases were identified, of which 18 (82%) were laboratory confirmed by real-time polymerase chain reaction. There were 16 deaths (case-fatality rate = 73%). Without road access to or direct telecommunications with the village, interventions had to be tailored to the local context. Public health interventions included 1) education of the community about Ebola, transmission of the virus, signs and symptoms, the importance of isolating ill patients from family members, and the potential benefits of early diagnosis and treatment; 2) establishment of mechanisms to alert health authorities of possibly infected persons leaving the village to facilitate safe transport to the closest Ebola treatment unit (ETU); 3) case investigation, contact tracing, and monitoring of contacts; 4) training in hygienic burial of dead bodies; 5) active case finding and diagnosis; and 6) isolation and limited no-touch treatment in the village of patients unwilling or unable to seek care at an ETU. The findings of this investigation could inform interventions aimed at controlling focal outbreaks in difficult-to-reach communities, which has been identified as an important component of the effort to eliminate Ebola from Liberia.
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Database
Publisher
Data Source
Authors
Blackley,D.J., Lindblade,K.A., Kateh,F., Broyles,L.N., Westercamp,M., Neatherlin,J.C., Pillai,S.K., Tucker,A., Mott,J.A., Walke,H., Nyenswah,T., Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC)
Original/Translated Title
URL
Date of Electronic
PMCID
Editors
"Time for dabs": Analyzing Twitter data on marijuana concentrates across the U.S 2015 Center for Interventions, Treatment, and Addictions Research (CITAR), Department of Community Health, Wright State University Boonshoft School of Medicine, 3171 Research Blvd., Suite 124, Dayton, OH 45420-4006, United States. Electronic address: raminta.d
Source Type
Print(0)
Ref Type
Journal Article
Periodical, Full
Drug and alcohol dependence
Periodical, Abbrev.
Drug Alcohol Depend.
Pub Date Free Form
1-Oct
Volume
155
Issue
Start Page
307
Other Pages
311
Notes
LR: 20160506; CI: Copyright (c) 2015; GR: K24 DA037109/DA/NIDA NIH HHS/United States; GR: R01 DA039454/DA/NIDA NIH HHS/United States; GR: R01 DA039454-01/DA/NIDA NIH HHS/United States; JID: 7513587; NIHMS718056; OID: NLM: NIHMS718056 [Available on 10/01/1
Place of Publication
Ireland
ISSN/ISBN
1879-0046; 0376-8716
Accession Number
PMID: 26338481
Language
eng
SubFile
Journal Article; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural; IM
DOI
10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2015.07.1199 [doi]
Output Language
Unknown(0)
PMID
26338481
Abstract
AIMS: Media reports suggest increasing popularity of marijuana concentrates ("dabs"; "earwax"; "budder"; "shatter; "butane hash oil") that are typically vaporized and inhaled via a bong, vaporizer or electronic cigarette. However, data on the epidemiology of marijuana concentrate use remain limited. This study aims to explore Twitter data on marijuana concentrate use in the U.S. and identify differences across regions of the country with varying cannabis legalization policies. METHODS: Tweets were collected between October 20 and December 20, 2014, using Twitter's streaming API. Twitter data filtering framework was available through the eDrugTrends platform. Raw and adjusted percentages of dabs-related tweets per state were calculated. A permutation test was used to examine differences in the adjusted percentages of dabs-related tweets among U.S. states with different cannabis legalization policies. RESULTS: eDrugTrends collected a total of 125,255 tweets. Almost 22% (n=27,018) of these tweets contained identifiable state-level geolocation information. Dabs-related tweet volume for each state was adjusted using a general sample of tweets to account for different levels of overall tweeting activity for each state. Adjusted percentages of dabs-related tweets were highest in states that allowed recreational and/or medicinal cannabis use and lowest in states that have not passed medical cannabis use laws. The differences were statistically significant. CONCLUSIONS: Twitter data suggest greater popularity of dabs in the states that legalized recreational and/or medical use of cannabis. The study provides new information on the epidemiology of marijuana concentrate use and contributes to the emerging field of social media analysis for drug abuse research.
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Book Title
Database
Publisher
Elsevier Ireland Ltd
Data Source
Authors
Daniulaityte,R., Nahhas,R.W., Wijeratne,S., Carlson,R.G., Lamy,F.R., Martins,S.S., Boyer,E.W., Smith,G.A., Sheth,A.
Original/Translated Title
URL
Date of Electronic
20150822
PMCID
PMC4581982
Editors
Narghile Smoking is Associated With the Development of Oral Cancer at Early Age 2015 Department of Biochemistry, University of Kashmir, Hazratbal, Srinagar, Jammu & Kashmir 190006, India. Electronic address: nazirramzan@uok.edu.in.
Source Type
Print(0)
Ref Type
Journal Article
Periodical, Full
The journal of evidence-based dental practice
Periodical, Abbrev.
J.Evid Based.Dent.Pract.
Pub Date Free Form
Sep
Volume
15
Issue
3
Start Page
126
Other Pages
127
Notes
JID: 101083101; CON: Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol. 2014 Nov;118(5):560-5. PMID: 25442492; 2015/07/08 [aheadofprint]; ppublish
Place of Publication
United States
ISSN/ISBN
1532-3390; 1532-3382
Accession Number
PMID: 26337585
Language
eng
SubFile
Comment; Journal Article; D; IM
DOI
10.1016/j.jebdp.2015.07.001 [doi]
Output Language
Unknown(0)
PMID
26337585
Abstract
Descriptors
Links
Book Title
Database
Publisher
Data Source
Authors
Dar,N.A.
Original/Translated Title
URL
Date of Electronic
20150708
PMCID
Editors
Waterpipe tobacco smoking impact on public health: implications for policy 2015 Public Health Department of Health Sciences and Human Performance, University of Tampa, Kennedy Boulevard, Tampa, FL, USA.; College of Nursing and Health Sciences, Texas A&M University: Corpus Christi, Corpus Christi, TX, USA.; Department of Health - Palm
Source Type
Print(0)
Ref Type
Journal Article
Periodical, Full
Risk management and healthcare policy
Periodical, Abbrev.
Risk Manag.Healthc.Policy.
Pub Date Free Form
27-Aug
Volume
8
Issue
Start Page
121
Other Pages
129
Notes
LR: 20150910; JID: 101566264; OID: NLM: PMC4556249; OTO: NOTNLM; 2015 [ecollection]; 2015/08/27 [epublish]; epublish
Place of Publication
England
ISSN/ISBN
1179-1594; 1179-1594
Accession Number
PMID: 26346473
Language
eng
SubFile
Journal Article; Review
DOI
10.2147/RMHP.S68267 [doi]
Output Language
Unknown(0)
PMID
26346473
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Given the increasing evidence of its negative health effects, including contributions to both infectious and chronic diseases, waterpipe tobacco smoking raises public health concerns beyond even those presented by traditional smoking. METHODS: Identification of Clean Indoor Air Acts (CIAAs) from each of the 50 United States and District of Columbia were retrieved and examined for inclusion of regulatory measures where waterpipe tobacco smoking is concerned. Several instances of exemption to current CIAAs policies were identified. The cumulative policy lens is presented in this study. RESULTS: States vary in their inclusion of explicit wording regarding CIAAs to the point where waterpipe tobacco smoking, unlike traditional smoking products, is excluded from some legislation, thereby limiting authorities' ability to carry out enforcement. CONCLUSION: Consistent, comprehensive, and unambiguous legislative language is necessary to prevent establishments where waterpipe tobacco smoking occurs from skirting legislation and other forms of regulatory control. Stricter laws are needed due to the increasing negative health impact on both the smoker and the bystander. Actions at both the federal and state levels may be needed to control health risks, particularly among youth and young adult populations.
Descriptors
Links
Book Title
Database
Publisher
Data Source
Authors
Martinasek,M.P., Gibson-Young,L.M., Davis,J.N., McDermott,R.J.
Original/Translated Title
URL
Date of Electronic
20150827
PMCID
PMC4556249
Editors