WTS database

Title	Pub Year Sort descending	Author	SearchLink
The effect of aging on bone mineral metabolism and bone mass in Native American women	1998	GRECC, St. Louis VA Medical Center, Jefferson Barracks, St. Louis University Medical School, Missouri, USA.	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Journal of the American Geriatrics Society Periodical, Abbrev. J.Am.Geriatr.Soc. Pub Date Free Form Nov Volume 46 Issue 11 Start Page 1418 Other Pages 1422 Notes LR: 20131121; GR: 5R01-AG-10436/AG/NIA NIH HHS/United States; JID: 7503062; 104982-03-8 (Osteocalcin); P6YZ13C99Q (Calcifediol); ppublish Place of Publication UNITED STATES ISSN/ISBN 0002-8614; 0002-8614 Accession Number PMID: 9809765 Language eng SubFile Comparative Study; Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.; Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.; IM; S DOI Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 9809765 Abstract OBJECTIVE: To examine the effect of age on mineral metabolism and bone mineral density (BMD) of the hip and spine in Native American women. DESIGN: A cross-sectional study. SETTING: The Sac and Fox Nation in rural Oklahoma MEASUREMENTS: Serum measurements were made of 25 hydroxyvitamin D (25OHD), osteocalcin, and immunoreactive parathyroid hormone. Bone mineral density of the hip and spine was assessed by dual energy X-ray absorptiometry. PARTICIPANTS: A total of 77 Native American women aged 19 to 85 years. RESULTS: Serum 25 hydroxyvitamin D was related inversely to age (r = -0.32; P or = -0.48, P or = 0.41, P < .005) were independent determinants of both femoral and lumbar BMD. Serum 25OHD was a significant independent determinant of both lumbar (r = .26, P < .05) and femoral (r = .41, P < .01) BMD. Age, BMI, and serum 25OHD together accounted for 70% of the variance in BMD at these sites. The use of t scores indicated femoral bone density was higher (P < .05) in premenopausal Native American women, and lower (P < 0.05) in postmenopausal subjects, compared with white women. CONCLUSIONS: In Native American women, there is a reduction in bone density and a sustained increase in bone turnover postmenopausally. BMI and serum 25OHD are significant determinants of BMD. Peak BMD may be higher, and the postmenopausal rate of bone loss greater, than that in white women. Descriptors Adult, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Aging/physiology, Bone Density/physiology, Calcifediol/blood, Cross-Sectional Studies, European Continental Ancestry Group, Female, Femur/metabolism/radionuclide imaging, Humans, Indians, North American, Lumbar Vertebrae/metabolism/radionuclide imaging, Menopause/physiology, Middle Aged, Oklahoma, Osteocalcin/blood, Osteoporosis/ethnology/metabolism/radionuclide imaging Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Perry,H. M.,3rd, Bernard,M., Horowitz,M., Miller,D. K., Fleming,S., Baker,M. Z., Flaherty,J., Purushothaman,R., Hajjar,R., Kaiser,F. E., Patrick,P., Morley,J. E. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic PMCID Editors
Black pigmented fungi in the water pipe-work supplying endoscope washer disinfectors [2]	1998	Phillips, G., Medical Microbiology, Ninewells Hospital Medical School, Dundee DD1 9SY, United Kingdom	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Journal of Hospital Infection Periodical, Abbrev. J.Hosp.Infect. Pub Date Free Form 1998/ Volume 40 Issue 3 Start Page 250 Other Pages 251 Notes Place of Publication ISSN/ISBN 0195-6701 Accession Number Language SubFile DOI Output Language Unknown(0) PMID Abstract Descriptors fungus, letter, water contamination, water supply Links Book Title Database Embase; MEDLINE Publisher Data Source Embase Authors Phillips,G., McEwan,H., McKay,I., Crowe,G., McBeath,J. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic PMCID Editors
Diving patterns and diving related disease of diving fishermen in Korea	1998		Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Korean Journal of Preventive Medicine Periodical, Abbrev. Pub Date Free Form Volume 31 Issue 1 Start Page 139 Other Pages 156 Notes ID: 298151 Place of Publication ISSN/ISBN Accession Number Language Ko SubFile DOI Output Language Unknown(0) PMID Abstract Diving related disease including decompression sickness is an important occupational health problem and diving fishermen remain a fairly hazardous occupation in Korea. To prevent diving related disease, we investigate diving patterns, incidence of diving related diseases, and contributing factors of 433 diving fishermen of three coast interviewing and mailing questionnaire in 1996. Mean age of divers was 39.7 years, ranged from 24 to 58 years, 92.8% of these were male, and 58.4% of divers were high school graduates. Mean duration of work as a diver was 12.9 years, ranged from 2 to 40 years. It was found that 70.4% of divers were using hookah system, 22.2% of helmet, and only 2.5% SCUBA. About half of them have learned diving skills from other divers. The peak season of diving was from April to June and mean working days were 20.3 days per month during the peak season. On the average, the divers dived 5-6 times, ranged from 1 to 10 times a day with 51.1 minutes of diving time, ranged from 20 to 120 minutes, at 30 m or 40 m in depth, and 35.5 minute of interval on surface. Most divers ascended slowly making decompression stop, yet the decompression profile used was not based on any scientific knowledge except for their own experiences. It appeared that each diving system had slightly different diving patterns. There were 282(65.0%) divers that suffered from DCS in 1995 and 31.2% of divers were given recompression therapy at a medical facility since they worked as diving fishermen. Skin and musculoskeletal complaints were common symptoms of DCS and 39% of divers experienced a voiding difficulty. In univariate analysis, females have an increased frequency of DCS(93% vs 66% for males). Old age, long duration of work, helmet diving, diving time, diving depth, repetitive diving, and blow up were all contributing factors to DCS. It was found that most diving patterns exceed no decompression limit and did not use the standard decompression table. This suggests that most of divers are at high risk of developing diving related disease with prolonged dives and lengthy repetitive diving in deep depth. Considering the diving patterns and economic aspect of professional diving, the incidence of DCS among diving fishermen in Korea will not decrease in the near future. These findings suggest that periodic health surveillance for divers, and education of health and safety are important for reducing the risk of diving related disease in the population of diving fishermen. Descriptors 4305, 7898, DECOMPRESSIVE INCISION, METER, MEAN Links http://www.healthis.org/search_jour/pdf_view.html?code=pv&year=1998&page=139 Book Title Database GHL; http://www.globalhealthlibrary.net/ Publisher Data Source Authors Sakong,J. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic PMCID Editors
Predictors of smoking cessation in adolescents	1998	Department of Pediatrics, Norris Cotton Cancer Center, Dartmouth Medical School, Hanover, NH, USA.	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Archives of Pediatrics & Adolescent Medicine Periodical, Abbrev. Arch.Pediatr.Adolesc.Med. Pub Date Free Form Apr Volume 152 Issue 4 Start Page 388 Other Pages 393 Notes LR: 20071114; GR: CA-23108/CA/NCI NIH HHS/United States; GR: DA 04100/DA/NIDA NIH HHS/United States; JID: 9422751; ppublish Place of Publication UNITED STATES ISSN/ISBN 1072-4710; 1072-4710 Accession Number PMID: 9559717 Language eng SubFile Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.; AIM; IM DOI Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 9559717 Abstract OBJECTIVE: To examine factors associated with cessation of smoking in adolescents 12 to 18 years of age who smoke cigarettes. DESIGN AND SETTING: Prospective school-based cohort study of 1384 New Hampshire high school students surveyed at baseline and annually up to 3 subsequent years regarding their substance abuse behaviors, including adolescents who smoked 1 or more cigarettes within the past 30 days at baseline. OUTCOME MEASURES: Cessation behavior was defined by a subsequent response indicating nonsmoking status. We examined associations between smoking cessation and baseline measurements of the level of addiction (cigarette consumption pattern), experience with quitting, intent to quit now and in the future, opinion of adults smoking more than 1 pack of cigarettes per day, social influences to smoke, sex, and psychological attributes. RESULTS: Of 276 adolescents who qualified as cigarette smokers at baseline, 123 (44.6%) were occasional smokers, 65 (23.6%) were daily smokers of 1 to 9 cigarettes, and 88 (31.9%) were daily smokers of 10 or more cigarettes. While 39 (14.1%) had smoked for 1 year or less, 62 (22.5%) had smoked for 6 or more years. Seventy-five (27.2%) reported failed past attempts to quit smoking, 71 (25.7%) reported wanting to quit now, and 50 (18.1%) reported definitely intending to be a nonsmoker in the future. Seventy-nine smokers (28.6%) described themselves as nonsmokers in follow-up surveys. The smoking cessation rate was 46.3% among occasional smokers, 12.3% among daily smokers of 1 to 9 cigarettes, and 6.8% among daily smokers of 10 or more cigarettes. Smoking cessation was associated with occasional smoking status (adjusted odds ratio 6.67 compared with daily smokers of 10 or more cigarettes [95% confidence intervals, 2.26-19.69]), and definite intentions to quit in the future (2.67 [95% confidence intervals, 1.2-5.7]). Most of those with definite intentions to quit in the future were occasional smokers (92.0%). CONCLUSIONS: This study documents cessation of smoking in nearly one third of the adolescent smokers. The cessation rate among daily smokers of 10 or more cigarettes per day is comparable with adult cessation rates. Adolescents who are less addicted, measured by low frequency of cigarette use, are more likely than daily users to quit. In addition, definite intent to quit in the future predicts cessation, but only among occasional smokers. In contrast with adults, experience with quitting was not associated with a higher likelihood of cessation. Pediatricians should focus on keeping occasional smokers from moving into daily smoking status, where nicotine addiction begins to play a prominent role in maintaining the behavior. Further study is needed to guide enhancement of the recruitment of adolescents into cessation, assessment of nicotine dependence in daily adolescent smokers, and appropriate use of nicotine replacement therapy in this group. Descriptors Adolescent, Adult, Child, Curriculum, Female, Follow-Up Studies, Health Education, Humans, Male, Outcome and Process Assessment (Health Care), Smoking/epidemiology/prevention & control, Smoking Cessation/statistics & numerical data Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Sargent,J. D., Mott,L. A., Stevens,M. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic PMCID Editors
Characteristics of long-term cannabis users in Sydney, Australia	1998	Swift, W., National Drug Alcohol Research Ctr., University of New South Wales, Sydney NSW 2052, Australia	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full European addiction research Periodical, Abbrev. Eur.Addict.Res. Pub Date Free Form / Volume 4 Issue 4 Start Page 190 Other Pages 197 Notes Place of Publication ISSN/ISBN 1022-6877 Accession Number Language SubFile DOI Output Language Unknown(0) PMID Abstract Two hundred long-term cannabis users (58% male) were interviewed on their characteristics and experience of use. Respondents had been regularly using cannabis for an average of 11 years and more than half used daily (56%). The most common route of administration was in a waterpipe, and nearly all (93%) smoked the flowering heads or the plant. One in 5 (21%) had a cannabis-related conviction. The benefits of use were perceived to be its relaxing, mood-enhancing effects, and its ability to alter consciousness. The most commonly cited negative aspects of use were cost, negative psychological effects and legal status. Polydrug use was common, with alcohol and tobacco almost universally used on a regular basis. More than half the drinkers in the sample were consuming alcohol at hazardous or harmful levels. Descriptors alcohol, cannabis, addiction, adult, alcohol consumption, article, Australia, consciousness, controlled study, crime, female, human, interview, major clinical study, male, mood, multiple drug abuse, priority journal, tobacco Links Book Title Database Embase; MEDLINE Publisher Data Source Embase Authors Swift,W., Hall,W., Copeland,J. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic PMCID Editors
Parental smoking, asthma and wheezing in children and adolescents. Results of S.I.D.R.I.A. Collaborative Group S.I.D.R.I.A (Italian Studies on Respiratory Disorders in Childhood and the Environment)	1998		Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Epidemiologia e prevenzione Periodical, Abbrev. Epidemiol.Prev. Pub Date Free Form Jul-Sep Volume 22 Issue 3 Start Page 146 Other Pages 154 Notes LR: 20151119; JID: 8902507; 0 (Tobacco Smoke Pollution); ppublish Place of Publication ITALY ISSN/ISBN 1120-9763; 1120-9763 Accession Number PMID: 9842125 Language ita SubFile Comparative Study; English Abstract; Journal Article; IM DOI Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 9842125 Abstract The relationship between passive smoking and asthma in children and adolescents has been extensively debated. Since cigarette smoking is still widespread in many countries, exposure to passive smoking has a considerable public health importance. We present the results from a large survey conducted in Italy in two random samples of 6-7 yr old children and 13-14 yr old adolescents living in ten areas of Northern and Central Italy (S.I.D.R.I.A.). Standardized questionnaires were filled in by parents of children about respiratory health of their children and their smoking habits. Adolescents filled in a questionnaire about their respiratory health whereas parental smoking data were derived from a questionnaire filled in by parents. Three groups of cases were identified: current asthma, past asthma, and wheeze. Healthy children and adolescents were the control groups. In about 52% of the families at least one parent was a current smoker. Exposure to current smoking increased the risk of current asthma in children. Having both parents smokers increased the risk of current asthma and past asthma. The risk among adolescents were slightly lower with an increased risk of current asthma or wheeze when both parents were smokers. A dose related effect was observed as regards current asthma both in children and adolescents and wheeze in adolescents. Maternal smoking during pregnancy increased the risk of having current asthma and wheeze in children. These results confirm the environmental hazards of parental smoking to respiratory health of children and adolescents, and encourage efforts to reduce smoking in families especially during pregnancy and in infancy. Descriptors Adolescent, Age Factors, Asthma/etiology, Child, Female, Humans, Italy, Male, Parents, Pregnancy, Respiratory Sounds/etiology, Risk Factors, Surveys and Questionnaires, Tobacco Smoke Pollution/adverse effects Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Original/Translated Title Fumo dei genitori, asma e sibili respiratori in bambini ed adolescenti. I risultati di S.I.D.R.I.A. Gruppo Collaborativo S.I.D.R.I.A. (Studi Italiani sui Disturbi Respiratori nell'Infanzia e l'Ambiente) URL Date of Electronic PMCID Editors
Effects of various methods of chlorhexidine application on shear bond strength	1998	College of Dentistry, University of Iowa, Iowa City 52242, USA.	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full American Journal of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics : Official Publication of the American Association of Orthodontists, its Constituent Societies, and the American Board of Orthodontics Periodical, Abbrev. Am.J.Orthod.Dentofacial Orthop. Pub Date Free Form Aug Volume 114 Issue 2 Start Page 150 Other Pages 153 Notes LR: 20131121; JID: 8610224; 0 (Anti-Infective Agents, Local); 0 (Drug Combinations); 0 (Parogencyl); 0 (Resin Cements); 0 (Toothpastes); 0 (chlorhexidine, thymol drug combination); 12597-68-1 (Stainless Steel); 135669-49-7 (Transbond); 3J50XA376E (Thymol) Place of Publication UNITED STATES ISSN/ISBN 0889-5406; 0889-5406 Accession Number PMID: 9714279 Language eng SubFile Comparative Study; Journal Article; D; IM DOI S0889-5406(98)00176-0 [pii] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 9714279 Abstract Chlorhexidine has been applied on the teeth and over orthodontic appliances during treatment in order to reduce bacterial colonization. The purpose of this study was to determine whether the application of chlorhexidine with or without a sealant, to the etched enamel will affect the shear bond strength and the bracket/adhesive failure modes of orthodontic brackets. A total of 132 extracted third molars were cleaned and then divided into 6 groups of at least 20 teeth each. The teeth were etched with a 37% phosphoric acid gel and a sealant was applied in 5 of the groups. Stainless steel orthodontic brackets were then bonded with the Transbond XT bonding system. The chlorhexidine was applied to the teeth either as a prophylactic paste or as a varnish under the following conditions: (1) as a varnish over the bracket and tooth surfaces after the bonding procedure was completed; (2) as a prophylactic paste containing 0.12% chlorhexidine over the intact enamel i.e., before etching; (3) mixed with the sealant and applied to the etched enamel before bonding, (4) as a varnish applied to the etched enamel with no sealant used; (5) as a varnish over the light cured sealant; and (6) as a varnish over the sealant before the sealant was light cured. All teeth were mounted in phenolic rings and stored in deionized water at 37 degrees C for 48 hours. A Zwick Universal Testing Machine was used to determine shear bond strengths. The residual adhesive on the enamel surface was evaluated with the Adhesive Remnant Index. The analysis of variance and chi square tests were used to compare the six groups. Significance was predetermined at the p < or = 0.05. The findings in this study indicated that shear bond strength was not significantly affected when chlorhexidine was applied; (1) over the bracket and tooth surfaces after the bonding procedure was completed (mean = 12.3 +/- 3.1 MPa), (2) as a prophylactic paste over the unetched enamel surface before the bonding procedure is initiated (mean = 9.6 +/- 2.3 MPa), and (3) when the varnish was premixed with the sealant and applied on the etched enamel surface (mean 11.8 +/- 2.1 MPa). On the other hand, in all the experimental groups in which the chlorhexidine varnish was applied as a layer on the etched enamel surface or over the sealant, shear bond strength values and bracket failure rates were of a magnitude that made them clinically unacceptable. Descriptors Acid Etching, Dental, Analysis of Variance, Anti-Infective Agents, Local, Bisphenol A-Glycidyl Methacrylate, Chi-Square Distribution, Chlorhexidine/administration & dosage/chemistry, Dental Bonding, Dental Debonding, Dental Enamel, Dental Stress Analysis, Drug Combinations, Humans, Lacquer, Materials Testing, Orthodontic Brackets, Resin Cements, Stainless Steel, Statistics, Nonparametric, Tensile Strength, Thymol/chemistry, Toothpastes Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Bishara,S. E., Vonwald,L., Zamtua,J., Damon,P. L. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic PMCID Editors
Levels of lead, cadmium, zinc and arsenic in the water in the province of Salamanca	1998	Hernandez, A.L.B., 37003 Salamanca, Spain	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Revista espanola de salud publica Periodical, Abbrev. Rev.Esp.Salud Publica Pub Date Free Form / Volume 72 Issue 1 Start Page 53 Other Pages 65 Notes Place of Publication ISSN/ISBN 1135-5727 Accession Number Language SubFile DOI Output Language Unknown(0) PMID Abstract Background: To establish the degree of contamination by lead, cadmium, zinc and arsenic in the water in Salamanca province and its relationship with the provenance of the samples and their collection point. Methods: Transverse, observational, descriptive epidemiological study. Province of Salamanca Results: Water from water pipes, fountains, springs, wells, rivers, streams and lakes in the province of Salamanca were studied, analyzing the lead, cadmium, zinc and arsenic contents of 180 samples using Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy. Results indicated that 56% of samples analyzed showed toxic levels of cadmium, and 28% of samples gave toxic levels of lead, but showed tolerable levels of zinc and arsenic. No major differences were observed in the degree of contamination by the four elements between the four provincial district areas. Levels of contamination by the four elements were compared for water from the water supply, and samples from wells, fountains, springs and surface water, showing similar contents of the elements studied. Conclusions: Findings suggest that the water in the province of Salamanca shows 'naturally' high cadmium and lead content, probably due to the geological characteristics of the terrain. Descriptors arsenic, cadmium, ground water, lake water, lead, river water, surface water, tap water, well water, zinc, article, atomic absorption spectrometry, lake, river, Spain, water contamination, water quality Links Book Title Estudio de los niveles de plomo, cadmio, zinc y arsenico, en aguas de la provincia de Salamanca: Proyecto de investigacion coordinado multidepartamental subvencionado por la junta de castilla leon n. 1884 Database Embase; MEDLINE Publisher Data Source Embase Authors Blanco HernÃ¡ndez,A. L., GutiÃ©rrez,D. A., De Blas,O. J., GuervÃ³s,M. S., De Miguel Manzano,B. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic PMCID Editors
High altitude retinal hemorrhages in the expeditions to 8,000 meter peaks. A study of 10 cases	1998	Botella de Maglia, J., Unidad de Medicina Intensiva y, Hospital La Fe, Valencia.	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Medicina clÃnica Periodical, Abbrev. Med Clin (Barc) Pub Date Free Form / Volume 110 Issue 12 Start Page 457 Other Pages 461 Notes Place of Publication ISSN/ISBN 0025-7753 Accession Number Language SubFile DOI Output Language Unknown(0) PMID Abstract BACKGROUND: Retinal haemorrhages are common at high altitude. Their pathogenesis is unknown. It has been suggested that they are less frequent in sherpas, and that possible predisposing factors might be the abscence of previous high-altitude experience, the extent of the high-altitude hypoxic exposure, polycythemia (because of hyperviscosity), history of cough and Valsalva manoeuvres during the expedition, existence of severe forms of mountain sickness (high-altitude pulmonary oedema and high-altitude cerebral oedema) and use of antiinflammatory drugs. The aim of this study is to know the incidence of retinal haemorrhages in the expeditions to mountains higher than 8.000 m and their relationship to the previously referred possible predisposing factors. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: Funduscopy was performed on 17 healthy subjects taking part in expeditions to Cho-Oyu (8.201 m) and to Shisha Pangma (8.046 m) and on six of their Nepali coworkers. RESULTS: Retinal haemorrhages were found in 10 of the European (59%) and in none of the Nepali mountaineers (p = 0.019). Other 2 Spanish climbers had tortuosity and engorgment of the retinal veins. No statistical association was found between retinal haemorrhages and maximal altitude attained prior to the expedition, maximal altitude reached during the present expedition, number of nights spent at extreme altitude, weight loss as an expression of chronic exposure to hypoxia, haemoglobin, history of cough or Valsalva manoeuvres during the expedition, existence of severe forms of mountain sickness or use of drugs. CONCLUSIONS: These results do not allow us to state that the mentioned factors predispose to high-altitude retinal haemorrhages. Descriptors adult, altitude disease, article, epidemiology, female, human, male, mountaineering, retina hemorrhage Links Book Title Hemorragias retinianas en las expediciones a montaÃ±as de mÃ¡s de 8.000 m. Estudio de 10 casos. Database MEDLINE Publisher Data Source Embase Authors Botella de Maglia,J., MartÃnez-Costa,R. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic PMCID Editors
Hemorragias retinianas en las expediciones a montaÃ±as de mÃ¡s de 8.000 m. Estudio de 10 casos	1998		Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Med Clin (Barc) Periodical, Abbrev. Med.Clin. Pub Date Free Form Volume 110 Issue 12 Start Page 457 Other Pages 61 Notes ID: 9611716 Place of Publication ISSN/ISBN Accession Number Language es SubFile DOI Output Language Unknown(0) PMID Abstract BACKGROUND: Retinal haemorrhages are common at high altitude. Their pathogenesis is unknown. It has been suggested that they are less frequent in sherpas, and that possible predisposing factors might be the abscence of previous high-altitude experience, the extent of the high-altitude hypoxic exposure, polycythemia (because of hyperviscosity), history of cough and Valsalva manoeuvres during the expedition, existence of severe forms of mountain sickness (high-altitude pulmonary oedema and high-altitude cerebral oedema) and use of antiinflammatory drugs. The aim of this study is to know the incidence of retinal haemorrhages in the expeditions to mountains higher than 8.000 m and their relationship to the previously referred possible predisposing factors. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: Funduscopy was performed on 17 healthy subjects taking part in expeditions to Cho-Oyu (8.201 m) and to Shisha Pangma (8.046 m) and on six of their Nepali coworkers. RESULTS: Retinal haemorrhages were found in 10 of the European (59%) and in none of the Nepali mountaineers (p = 0.019). Other 2 Spanish climbers had tortuosity and engorgment of the retinal veins. No statistical association was found between retinal haemorrhages and maximal altitude attained prior to the expedition, maximal altitude reached during the present expedition, number of nights spent at extreme altitude, weight loss as an expression of chronic exposure to hypoxia, haemoglobin, history of cough or Valsalva manoeuvres during the expedition, existence of severe forms of mountain sickness or use of drugs. CONCLUSIONS: These results do not allow us to state that the mentioned factors predispose to high-altitude retinal haemorrhages. Descriptors Altitude Sickness, Mountaineering, Retinal Hemorrhage/epidemiology, Adult, Causality, Female, Humans, Male, Retinal Hemorrhage/etiology Links http://pesquisa.bvsalud.org/ghl/resource/en/mdl-9611716 Book Title Database MEDLINE; http://www.globalhealthlibrary.net/ Publisher Data Source Authors Botella,de Maglia, MartÃnez-Costa,R. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic PMCID Editors

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