Image
WTS Database
The subject of interest is:
waterpipe, water-pipe, nargile, narghile, arguileh, arguile, shisha, sheesha, chichi, hubble bubble, hubbly bubbly, goza, hookah, bong
| Title | Pub Year Sort descending | Author | SearchLink |
|---|---|---|---|
| BTEX in indoor air of waterpipe cafes: Levels and factors influencing their concentrations | 2015 | Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil, Iran.; Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran.; | Read more... |
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Source Type
Print(0)
Ref Type
Journal Article
Periodical, Full
The Science of the total environment
Periodical, Abbrev.
Sci.Total Environ.
Pub Date Free Form
15-Aug
Volume
524-525
Issue
Start Page
347
Other Pages
353
Notes
CI: Copyright (c) 2015; JID: 0330500; 0 (Air Pollutants); 0 (Benzene Derivatives); 0 (Tobacco Smoke Pollution); 0 (Xylenes); 3FPU23BG52 (Toluene); J64922108F (Benzene); L5I45M5G0O (ethylbenzene); OTO: NOTNLM; 2014/10/19 [received]; 2015/04/04 [revised]; 2
Place of Publication
Netherlands
ISSN/ISBN
1879-1026; 0048-9697
Accession Number
PMID: 25912530
Language
eng
SubFile
Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; IM
DOI
10.1016/j.scitotenv.2015.04.031 [doi]
Output Language
Unknown(0)
PMID
25912530
Abstract
BTEX (benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene and xylene) concentrations, factors affecting their levels, and the exposure risks related to these compounds were studied in waterpipe (Ghalyun/Hookah) cafes of Ardabil city in Islamic Republic of Iran. 81 waterpipe cafes from different districts of Ardabil city were selected and their ambient air was monitored for BTEX compounds. Air samples were taken from standing breathing zone of employees, ~150 cm above the ground level, and were analyzed using GC-FID. In each case, the types of smoked tobacco (regular, fruit flavored), types of ventilation systems (natural/artificial), and the floor level at which the cafe was located were investigated. A high mean concentration of 4.96+/-2.63 mg/m(3) corresponding to long term exposure to benzene-related cancer risk of 4314x10(-6) was estimated. The levels of the remaining compounds were lower than the national guideline limits, but their hazard quotients (HQ) for long term exposure to ethylbenzene (1.15) and xylene (17.32) exceeded the HQ unit value. Total hazard indices (HI) of 63.23 were obtained for non-cancer risks. Type of the smoked tobacco was the most important factor influencing BTEX concentrations in the cafes. BTEX concentrations in indoor ambient air of Ardabil waterpipe cafes were noticeably high, and therefore may pose important risks for human health on both short and long term exposures.
Descriptors
Links
Book Title
Database
Publisher
Elsevier B.V
Data Source
Authors
Hazrati,S., Rostami,R., Fazlzadeh,M.
Original/Translated Title
URL
Date of Electronic
20150422
PMCID
Editors
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| Acute vascular effects of waterpipe smoking: Importance of physical activity and fitness status | 2015 | Division of Physical Therapy, Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan. Electronic address: Alomari@just.edu.jo.; Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Jordan University of Science and Technolo | Read more... |
|
Source Type
Print(0)
Ref Type
Journal Article
Periodical, Full
Atherosclerosis
Periodical, Abbrev.
Atherosclerosis
Pub Date Free Form
Jun
Volume
240
Issue
2
Start Page
472
Other Pages
476
Notes
CI: Copyright (c) 2015; JID: 0242543; 059QF0KO0R (Water); OTO: NOTNLM; 2014/12/11 [received]; 2015/02/21 [revised]; 2015/02/23 [accepted]; 2015/02/28 [aheadofprint]; ppublish
Place of Publication
Ireland
ISSN/ISBN
1879-1484; 0021-9150
Accession Number
PMID: 25909821
Language
eng
SubFile
Journal Article; IM
DOI
10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2015.02.047 [doi]
Output Language
Unknown(0)
PMID
25909821
Abstract
OBJECTIVE: While new forms of tobacco, including waterpipe (WP) smoking, continue to gain popularity, limited literature has examined the vascular health consequences. The purpose of the current study was to examine: (i) the acute WP-induced changes in vascular function; (ii) whether acute changes in vascular function are modified by lifestyle behaviors (habitual physical activity, physical fitness). METHODS: Fifty three (22.7 y, 36% F, 23.4 kg/m(2)) otherwise healthy WP smokers were recruited. Strain-gauge plethysmography was used to measure forearm blood flow, vascular resistance, venous capacitance, and venous outflow at rest and following occlusion. Habitual physical activity was determined using the Arabic version of short-form international physical activity questionnaire, while physical fitness was assessed using the 6 min walk test and handgrip strength. Partial correlations were used to examine the relationships between post-smoking vascular function and lifestyle behaviors, controlling for pre-smoking vascular measures. RESULTS: (i) WP had a small effect on forearm post-occlusion blood flow (d = -0.19), a moderate effect on venous outflow (d = 0.30), and a moderate effect on post-occlusion vascular resistance (d = 0.32). (ii) Total habitual physical activity strongly correlated with resting blood flow (r = 0.50) and moderately with vascular resistance (r = -0.40). Handgrip strength moderately correlated with venous capacitance (r = 0.30) and post-occlusion blood flow (r = 0.30), while 6 min walked distance moderately correlated with resting venous capacitance (r = 0.30). CONCLUSION: Waterpipe smoking is associated with immediate changes in vascular function, which are exacerbated in individuals with low habitual physical activity and physical fitness levels in young otherwise healthy individuals.
Descriptors
Links
Book Title
Database
Publisher
Elsevier Ireland Ltd
Data Source
Authors
Alomari,M.A., Khabour,O.F., Alzoubi,K.H., Shqair,D.M., Stoner,L.
Original/Translated Title
URL
Date of Electronic
20150228
PMCID
Editors
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| Is there evidence for potential harm of electronic cigarette use in pregnancy? | 2015 | Baylor College of Medicine, Obstetrics & Gynecology, Division of Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Houston, Texas. | Read more... |
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Source Type
Print(0)
Ref Type
Journal Article
Periodical, Full
Birth defects research.Part A, Clinical and molecular teratology
Periodical, Abbrev.
Birth Defects Res.A.Clin.Mol.Teratol.
Pub Date Free Form
Mar
Volume
103
Issue
3
Start Page
186
Other Pages
195
Notes
LR: 20160505; CI: (c) 2014; GR: K99 HD075858/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/United States; GR: K99HD075858/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/United States; GR: P30ES023512/ES/NIEHS NIH HHS/United States; GR: R01DK089201/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/United States; GR: R01NR014792/NR/NINR NIH HHS/Un
Place of Publication
United States
ISSN/ISBN
1542-0760; 1542-0752
Accession Number
PMID: 25366492
Language
eng
SubFile
Journal Article; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural; Review; IM
DOI
10.1002/bdra.23333 [doi]
Output Language
Unknown(0)
PMID
25366492
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Use of electronic cigarettes (e-cigarettes) and other nicotine containing products is increasing among women of reproductive age. The short- and long-term effects of these products on both mother and fetus are unknown. METHODS: Because e-cigarettes are nicotine delivery systems, we sought to conduct a comprehensive review of the effects of nicotine on the fetus. RESULTS: In utero nicotine exposure in animal models is associated with adverse effects for the offspring lung, cardiovascular system and brain. In the lung, this included reduced surface area, weight, and volume, as well as emphysema-like lesions. In adulthood, exposed offspring demonstrate elevated blood pressure and increased perivascular adipose tissue. In the brain, exposure alters offspring serotonergic, dopaminergic, and norepinephrine networks, which in turn are associated with behavioral and cognitive impairments. We also review current data on the lack of efficacy of nicotine replacement therapy in pregnant women, and highlight different nicotine containing products such as snuff, snus, and hookah. CONCLUSION: We conclude that no amount of nicotine is known to be safe during pregnancy, and studies specifically addressing this risk are crucial and an imminent public health issue.
Descriptors
Links
Book Title
Database
Publisher
Wiley Periodicals, Inc
Data Source
Authors
Suter,M.A., Mastrobattista,J., Sachs,M., Aagaard,K.
Original/Translated Title
URL
Date of Electronic
20141104
PMCID
PMC4830434
Editors
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| Methodological problems in the article comparing lung function profiles and aerobic capacity of adult cigarette and hookah smokers after 12 weeks intermittent training | 2015 | Laboratory of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine of Sousse, University of Sousse, Sousse, Tunisia.; Department of Physiology and Functional Exploration, Farhat HACHED University Hospital of Sousse, Sousse, Tunisia.; Research Laboratory N degrees LR14ES05: In | Read more... |
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Source Type
Print(0)
Ref Type
Journal Article
Periodical, Full
The Libyan journal of medicine
Periodical, Abbrev.
Libyan J.Med.
Pub Date Free Form
21-Apr
Volume
10
Issue
Start Page
27760
Other Pages
Notes
LR: 20151111; JID: 101299403; CON: Libyan J Med. 2015;10:26680. PMID: 25694204; CIN: Libyan J Med. 2015;10:27760. PMID: 25920102; OID: NLM: PMC4408317; 2015 [ecollection]; epublish
Place of Publication
Sweden
ISSN/ISBN
1819-6357; 1819-6357
Accession Number
PMID: 25906843
Language
eng
SubFile
Comment; Letter; IM
DOI
10.3402/ljm.v10.27760 [doi]
Output Language
Unknown(0)
PMID
25906843
Abstract
Descriptors
Links
Book Title
Database
Publisher
Data Source
Authors
Ben Saad,H.
Original/Translated Title
URL
Date of Electronic
20150421
PMCID
PMC4408317
Editors
|
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| The Use of Fluorescence Technology versus Visual and Tactile Examination in the Detection of Oral Lesions: A Pilot Study | 2015 | Read more... | |
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Source Type
Print(0)
Ref Type
Journal Article
Periodical, Full
Journal of dental hygiene : JDH / American Dental Hygienists' Association
Periodical, Abbrev.
J.Dent.Hyg.
Pub Date Free Form
Feb
Volume
89
Issue
1
Start Page
63
Other Pages
71
Notes
CI: Copyright (c) 2015; JID: 8902616; OTO: NOTNLM; ppublish
Place of Publication
United States
ISSN/ISBN
1553-0205; 1043-254X
Accession Number
PMID: 25690067
Language
eng
SubFile
Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; D
DOI
89/1/63 [pii]
Output Language
Unknown(0)
PMID
25690067
Abstract
PURPOSE: This study compared the effectiveness of the VELscope(R) Vx versus visual and tactile intraoral examination in detecting oral lesions in an adult, high risk population. METHODS: The pilot study compared the intra oral findings between 2 examination types. The sample was comprised of 30 participants who were addicted to either cigarettes or a dual addiction (cigarettes plus hookah). High risk population was defined as males who were current cigarette smokers or had a dual addiction. Two trained and experienced licensed dental hygienists conducted all examinations. Throughout the study, all visual and tactile intraoral examinations were conducted first by one dental hygienist first, followed by the VELscope(R) Vx fluorescence examinations by the second dental hygienist. All subjects received an inspection of the lips, labial and buccal mucosa, floor of the mouth, dorsal, ventral and lateral sides of the tongue, hard and soft palate, and visual inspection of the oropharynx and uvula. Both evaluations took place in 1 visit in the Dental Hygiene Research Center at Old Dominion University and external sites. All participants received oral cancer screening information, recommendations, referrals for tobacco cessation programs and brochures on the 2 types of examinations conducted. RESULTS: Participants were considered high risk based on demographics (current smokers and mostly males). Neither visual and tactile intraoral examination nor the VELscope(R) Vx examination showed positive lesions. No lesions were detected; therefore, no referrals were made. Data indicated the duration of tobacco use was significantly higher in cigarette smokers (14.1 years) than dual addiction smokers (5 years) (p>0.005). The average numbers of cigarettes smoked per day were 13.5 compared to 14.2 cigarettes for dual addiction smokers. CONCLUSION: Results from this study suggest the visual and tactile intraoral examination produced comparative results to the VELscope(R) Vx examination. Findings from this study support that the VELscope(R) Vx is still considered an adjunct technology and cannot be used exclusively for oral cancer screening.
Descriptors
Links
Book Title
Database
Publisher
The American Dental Hygienists' Association
Data Source
Authors
Ayoub,H.M., Newcomb,T.L., McCombs,G.B., Bonnie,M.
Original/Translated Title
URL
Date of Electronic
PMCID
Editors
|
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| Long bone histology of the stem salamander Kokartus honorarius (Amphibia: Caudata) from the Middle Jurassic of Kyrgyzstan | 2015 | Vertebrate Zoology Department, Biological Faculty, Saint Petersburg State University, Saint Petersburg, Russian Federation. | Read more... |
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Source Type
Print(0)
Ref Type
Journal Article
Periodical, Full
Journal of anatomy
Periodical, Abbrev.
J.Anat.
Pub Date Free Form
Apr
Volume
226
Issue
4
Start Page
334
Other Pages
347
Notes
CI: (c) 2015; JID: 0137162; OTO: NOTNLM; 2015/01/05 [accepted]; 2015/02/12 [aheadofprint]; ppublish
Place of Publication
England
ISSN/ISBN
1469-7580; 0021-8782
Accession Number
PMID: 25682890
Language
eng
SubFile
Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; IM
DOI
10.1111/joa.12281 [doi]
Output Language
Unknown(0)
PMID
25682890
Abstract
Kokartus honorarius from the Middle Jurassic (Bathonian) of Kyrgyzstan is one of the oldest salamanders in the fossil record, characterized by a mixture of plesiomorphic morphological features and characters shared with crown-group salamanders. Here we present a detailed histological analysis of its long bones. The analysis of a growth series demonstrates a significant histological maturation during ontogeny, expressed by the progressive appearance of longitudinally oriented primary vascular canals, primary osteons, growth marks, remodelling features in primary bone tissues, as well as progressive resorption of the calcified cartilage, formation of endochondral bone and development of cartilaginous to bony trabeculae in the epiphyses. Apart from the presence of secondary osteons, the long bone histology of Kokartus is very similar to that of miniaturized temnospondyls, other Jurassic stem salamanders, miniaturized seymouriamorphs and modern crown-group salamanders. We propose that the presence of secondary osteons in Kokartus honorarius is a plesiomorphic feature, and the loss of secondary osteons in the long bones of crown-group salamanders as well as in those of miniaturized temnospondyls is the result of miniaturization processes. Hitherto, all stem salamander long bong histology (Kokartus, Marmorerpeton and 'salamander A') has been generally described as having paedomorphic features (i.e. the presence of Katschenko's Line and a layer of calcified cartilage), these taxa were thus most likely neotenic forms. The absence of clear lines of arrested growth and annuli in long bones of Kokartus honorarius suggests that the animals lived in an environment with stable local conditions.
Descriptors
Links
Book Title
Database
Publisher
Anatomical Society
Data Source
Authors
Skutschas,P., Stein,K.
Original/Translated Title
URL
Date of Electronic
20150212
PMCID
Editors
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| Association between electronic cigarette use and openness to cigarette smoking among US young adults | 2015 | Office of Science, Center for Tobacco Products, US Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD; Department of Behavioral and Community Health, School of Public Health, University of Maryland, College Park, MD; blair.coleman@fda.hhs.gov.; Office of Sci | Read more... |
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Source Type
Print(0)
Ref Type
Journal Article
Periodical, Full
Nicotine & tobacco research : official journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco
Periodical, Abbrev.
Nicotine Tob.Res.
Pub Date Free Form
Feb
Volume
17
Issue
2
Start Page
212
Other Pages
218
Notes
LR: 20160608; CI: (c) The Author 2014; JID: 9815751; 6M3C89ZY6R (Nicotine); OID: NLM: PMC4892708; 2014/11/04 [aheadofprint]; ppublish
Place of Publication
England
ISSN/ISBN
1469-994X; 1462-2203
Accession Number
PMID: 25378683
Language
eng
SubFile
Journal Article; IM
DOI
10.1093/ntr/ntu211 [doi]
Output Language
Unknown(0)
PMID
25378683
Abstract
INTRODUCTION: Use of electronic nicotine delivery systems (ENDS), including electronic cigarettes (e-cigarettes), is increasing. One concern is the appeal of these products to youth and young adults and the potential to influence perceptions and use of conventional cigarettes. METHODS: Using data from the 2012-2013 National Adult Tobacco Survey, characteristics of adults aged 18-29 years who had never established cigarette smoking behavior were examined by ever use of e-cigarettes, demographics, and ever use of other tobacco products (smokeless tobacco, cigars, hookah, and cigarettes). Multivariate logistic regression was used to examine the relationship between e-cigarette use and openness to cigarette smoking among young adults, defined as the lack of a firm intention not to smoke soon or in the next year. RESULTS: Among young adults who had never established cigarette smoking behavior (unweighted n = 4,310), 7.9% reported having ever tried e-cigarettes, and 14.6% of those who reported having ever tried e-cigarettes also reported current use of the product. Ever e-cigarette use was associated with being open to cigarette smoking (adjusted odds ratio = 2.4; 95% confidence interval = 1.7, 3.3), as was being male, aged 18-24 years, less educated, and having ever used hookah or experimented with conventional cigarettes. CONCLUSIONS: Ever use of e-cigarettes and other tobacco products was associated with being open to cigarette smoking. This study does not allow us to assess the directionality of this association, so future longitudinal research is needed to illuminate tobacco use behaviors over time as well as provide additional insight on the relationship between ENDS use and conventional cigarette use among young adult populations.
Descriptors
Links
Book Title
Database
Publisher
. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco
Data Source
Authors
Coleman,B.N., Apelberg,B.J., Ambrose,B.K., Green,K.M., Choiniere,C.J., Bunnell,R., King,B.A.
Original/Translated Title
URL
Date of Electronic
20141104
PMCID
PMC4892708
Editors
|
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| Study of biofilm in bacteria from water pipelines | 2015 | Associate Professor, Department of Microbiology, AIIMS , Bhubaneswar S.C.B. Medical College, Cuttack, Odisha, India .; Undergraduate Student, S.C.B. Medical College , Cuttack, Odisha, India .; Assistant Professor, Department of Microbiology, S.C.B. Medica | Read more... |
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Source Type
Print(0)
Ref Type
Journal Article
Periodical, Full
Journal of clinical and diagnostic research : JCDR
Periodical, Abbrev.
J.Clin.Diagn.Res.
Pub Date Free Form
Mar
Volume
9
Issue
3
Start Page
DC09
Other Pages
11
Notes
LR: 20150510; JID: 101488993; OID: NLM: PMC4413065; OTO: NOTNLM; 2014/12/04 [received]; 2015/02/12 [accepted]; 2015/03/01 [epublish]; ppublish
Place of Publication
India
ISSN/ISBN
2249-782X; 0973-709X
Accession Number
PMID: 25954617
Language
eng
SubFile
Journal Article
DOI
10.7860/JCDR/2015/12415.5715 [doi]
Output Language
Unknown(0)
PMID
25954617
Abstract
CONTEXT: A biofilm is a layer of microorganisms contained in a matrix (slime layer), which forms on surfaces in contact with water. Their presence in drinking water pipe networks can be responsible for a wide range of water quality and operational problems. AIM: To identify the bacterial isolates, obtained from water pipelines of kitchens, to evaluate the water quality & to study the biofilm producing capacity of the bacterial isolates from various sources. SETTINGS AND DESIGN: A prospective study using water samples from aqua guard & pipelines to kitchens of S.C.B Medical College hostels. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Standard biochemical procedures for bacterial identification, multiple tube culture & MPN count to evaluate water quality & tissue culture plate (TCP) method for biofilm detection was followed. STATISTICAL ANALYSIS: STATA software version 9.2 from STATA Corporation, College station road, 90 Houston, Texas was used for statistical analysis. RESULTS: One hundred eighty seven isolates were obtained from 45 water samples cultured. The isolates were Acinetobacter spp. (44), Pseudomonas spp.(41), Klebsiella spp.(36) & others . Biofilm was detected in (37) 19.78 % of the isolates (95% CI 30.08% -43.92%) including Acinetobacter spp.-10, Klebsiella spp. - 9, Pseudomonas spp. - 9, & others, majority (34) of which were from kitchen pipelines. CONCLUSION: Water from pipeline sources was unsatisfactory for consumption as the MPN counts were > 10. Most of the biofilm producers were gram negative bacilli & Pseudomonas & Acinetobacter spp. were strong (4+) biofilm producers.
Descriptors
Links
Book Title
Database
Publisher
Data Source
Authors
Mahapatra,A., Padhi,N., Mahapatra,D., Bhatt,M., Sahoo,D., Jena,S., Dash,D., Chayani,N.
Original/Translated Title
URL
Date of Electronic
20150301
PMCID
PMC4413065
Editors
|
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| Prevalence of dokha use among secondary school students in Ajman, United Arab Emirates | 2015 | Department of Community Medicine, Gulf Medical University, Ajman, United Arab Emirates E-mail : drjayadevans@gmail.com. | Read more... |
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Source Type
Print(0)
Ref Type
Journal Article
Periodical, Full
Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention : APJCP
Periodical, Abbrev.
Asian Pac.J.Cancer.Prev.
Pub Date Free Form
Volume
16
Issue
2
Start Page
427
Other Pages
430
Notes
JID: 101130625; ppublish
Place of Publication
Thailand
ISSN/ISBN
1513-7368; 1513-7368
Accession Number
PMID: 25684466
Language
eng
SubFile
Journal Article; IM
DOI
Output Language
Unknown(0)
PMID
25684466
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Dokha is a novel form of smoking in United Arab Emirates (UAE) on which there is very little published literature, especially among adolescents, and this form of smoking has been not been addressed adequately in the smoking cessation strategies in the UAE. OBJECTIVES: To assess the prevalence of dokha smoking among male secondary school students in Ajman UAE. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A cross sectional survey was conducted among male secondary school students in Ajman, UAE. A total of 560 participants filled in self- administered questionnaires. RESULTS: The prevalence of ever smokers was 39%; ever dokha smokers was 36% and current dokha smokers was 24%. The prevalence is very high when compared to other forms of smoking in the region and globally. Prevalence increased with increasing age and grade of students, prevalence of ever smokers, ever dokha smokers and current dokha smokers was lower in students in the science stream. 40% of the smokers used dokha, cigarettes and shisha, 30% used dokha and cigarettes, and 21% used dokha alone. 30% of the students smoked dokha on all days of the month. CONCLUSIONS: The prevalence of ever smokers, ever dokha smokers and current dokha smokers is very high. There is an urgent need for specific health promotion programs tailored to this age group on prevention of dokha smoking and policies restricting the availability of dokha to this age group.
Descriptors
Links
Book Title
Database
Publisher
Data Source
Authors
Al Shemmari,N., Shaikh,R.B., Sreedharan,J.
Original/Translated Title
URL
Date of Electronic
PMCID
Editors
|
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| The Role of Neighborhood Environment in Promoting Risk Factors of Cardiovascular Disease among Young Adults: Data from Middle to High Income Population in an Asian Megacity | 2015 | Medical College, Aga Khan University, Stadium Road, P.O. Box 3500, Karachi, Pakistan.; Medical College, Aga Khan University, Stadium Road, P.O. Box 3500, Karachi, Pakistan.; Medical College, Aga Khan University, Stadium Road, P.O. Box 3500, Karachi, Pakis | Read more... |
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Source Type
Print(0)
Ref Type
Journal Article
Periodical, Full
PloS one
Periodical, Abbrev.
PLoS One
Pub Date Free Form
6-May
Volume
10
Issue
5
Start Page
e0124827
Other Pages
Notes
LR: 20150513; Dryad/3N451; JID: 101285081; OID: NLM: PMC4422655; 2015 [ecollection]; 2014/03/22 [received]; 2015/03/18 [accepted]; 2015/05/06 [epublish]; epublish
Place of Publication
United States
ISSN/ISBN
1932-6203; 1932-6203
Accession Number
PMID: 25946006
Language
eng
SubFile
Journal Article; IM
DOI
10.1371/journal.pone.0124827 [doi]
Output Language
Unknown(0)
PMID
25946006
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Modifiable risk factors of cardiovascular diseases (CVD) have their triggers in the neighborhood environments of communities. Studying the environmental triggers for CVD risk factors is important to understand the situation in a broader perspective. Young adults are influenced the most by the environment profile around them hence it is important to study this subset of the population. METHODS: This was a descriptive study conducted using the EPOCH research tool designed by the authors of the PURE study. The study population consisted of young adults aged 18-25 in two areas of Karachi. The study setting was busy shopping malls frequented by young adults in the particular community being studied. RESULTS: Our total sample size was 120 individuals, who consented to be interviewed by our interviewers. Less than 50% of the population recognized some form of restriction regarding smoking in their communities. The largest contributor to tobacco advertising was actors smoking in movies and TV shows with 89% responses from both communities. Only 11.9% of the individuals disapproved of smoking cigarettes among men with wide acceptance of 'sheesha' across all age groups. Advertising for smoking and junk food was more frequent as compared to smoking cessation, healthy diet and exercise in both the areas. Unhealthy food items were more easily available in contrast to healthier options. The cost of healthy snack food options including vegetables and fruits was higher than sugary drinks and foods. CONCLUSION: This assessment showed that both communities were exposed to environments that promote risk factors for cardiovascular diseases.
Descriptors
Links
Book Title
Database
Publisher
Data Source
Authors
Hussain,M.A., Noorani,S., Khan,A., Asad,H., Rehan,A., Kazi,A., Baig,M.Z., Noor,A., Aqil,A., Bham,N.S., Khan,M.A., Hassan,I.N., Kadir,M.M.
Original/Translated Title
URL
Date of Electronic
20150506
PMCID
PMC4422655
Editors
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