WTS database

Title	Pub Year Sort descending	Author	SearchLink
Ebola virus disease in a humanitarian aid worker - New York City, October 2014	2015		Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full MMWR.Morbidity and mortality weekly report Periodical, Abbrev. MMWR Morb.Mortal.Wkly.Rep. Pub Date Free Form 3-Apr Volume 64 Issue 12 Start Page 321 Other Pages 323 Notes JID: 7802429; ppublish Place of Publication United States ISSN/ISBN 1545-861X; 0149-2195 Accession Number PMID: 25837242 Language eng SubFile Case Reports; Journal Article; IM DOI mm6412a3 [pii] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 25837242 Abstract In late October 2014, Ebola virus disease (Ebola) was diagnosed in a humanitarian aid worker who recently returned from West Africa to New York City (NYC). The NYC Department of Health and Mental Hygiene (DOHMH) actively monitored three close contacts of the patient and 114 health care personnel. No secondary cases of Ebola were detected. In collaboration with local and state partners, DOHMH had developed protocols to respond to such an event beginning in July 2014. These protocols included safely transporting a person at the first report of symptoms to a local hospital prepared to treat a patient with Ebola, laboratory testing for Ebola, and monitoring of contacts. In response to this single case of Ebola, initial health care worker active monitoring protocols needed modification to improve clarity about what types of exposure should be monitored. The response costs were high in both human resources and money: DOHMH alone spent $4.3 million. However, preparedness activities that include planning and practice in effectively monitoring the health of workers involved in Ebola patient care can help prevent transmission of Ebola. Descriptors Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Yacisin,K., Balter,S., Fine,A., Weiss,D., Ackelsberg,J., Prezant,D., Wilson,R., Starr,D., Rakeman,J., Raphael,M., Quinn,C., Toprani,A., Clark,N., Link,N., Daskalakis,D., Maybank,A., Layton,M., Varma,J.K., Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic PMCID Editors
Use of Conventional and Alternative Tobacco and Nicotine Products Among a Sample of Canadian Youth	2015	School of Public Health and Health Systems, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada.; School of Public Health and Health Systems, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada. Electronic address: dhammond@uwaterloo.ca.; Propel Centre for Po	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full The Journal of adolescent health : official publication of the Society for Adolescent Medicine Periodical, Abbrev. J.Adolesc.Health Pub Date Free Form Jul Volume 57 Issue 1 Start Page 123 Other Pages 125 Notes CI: Copyright (c) 2015; GR: 53893/Canadian Institutes of Health Research/Canada; GR: MOP-114875/Canadian Institutes of Health Research/Canada; GR: OOP-110788/Canadian Institutes of Health Research/Canada; JID: 9102136; OTO: NOTNLM; 2015/01/29 [received]; Place of Publication United States ISSN/ISBN 1879-1972; 1054-139X Accession Number PMID: 25937469 Language eng SubFile Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; IM DOI 10.1016/j.jadohealth.2015.03.006 [doi] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 25937469 Abstract PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to examine the use of conventional and alternative tobacco and nicotine products among secondary school students. METHODS: Respondents were 44,163 grade 9-12 students who participated in Year 2 (2013-2014) of COMPASS, a cohort study of 89 purposefully sampled secondary schools in Ontario and Alberta, Canada. Past-month use of various tobacco and nicotine products was assessed, as well as correlates of use, using a generalized linear mixed effects model. RESULTS: Overall, 21.2% of the sample reported past-month use of any tobacco or nicotine product, with 7.2% reporting past-month use of e-cigarettes. E-cigarette users reported significantly greater prevalence of current use for all products. Students who were male, white, had more spending money, and had a history of tobacco use were more likely to report past-month use of e-cigarettes. CONCLUSIONS: Approximately one fifth of youth reported past-month use of a nicotine product, with e-cigarettes being the third most common product. Overall, the findings suggest a rapidly evolving nicotine market. Descriptors Links Book Title Database Publisher Society for Adolescent Health and Medicine. Published by Elsevier Inc Data Source Authors Czoli,C.D., Hammond,D., Reid,J.L., Cole,A.G., Leatherdale,S.T. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic 20150428 PMCID Editors
Comparisons of three nicotine dependence scales in a multiethnic sample of young adult menthol and non-menthol smokers	2015	Cancer Prevention and Control Program, University of Hawaii Cancer Center, University of Hawaii at Manoa, 701 Ilalo Street, Honolulu, HI 96813, USA. Electronic address: pfagan@cc.hawaii.edu.; Cancer Prevention and Control Program, University of Hawaii Can	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Drug and alcohol dependence Periodical, Abbrev. Drug Alcohol Depend. Pub Date Free Form 1-Apr Volume 149 Issue Start Page 203 Other Pages 211 Notes LR: 20160715; CI: Copyright (c) 2015; GR: K01 CA148789/CA/NCI NIH HHS/United States; GR: P30 CA071789/CA/NCI NIH HHS/United States; GR: R03 CA159909/CA/NCI NIH HHS/United States; GR: R21 CA180934/CA/NCI NIH HHS/United States; GR: U54 MD007584/MD/NIMHD NIH Place of Publication Ireland ISSN/ISBN 1879-0046; 0376-8716 Accession Number PMID: 25744873 Language eng SubFile Comparative Study; Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; IM DOI 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2015.02.005 [doi] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 25744873 Abstract BACKGROUND: Few studies have compared nicotine dependence among menthol and non-menthol cigarette smokers in a multiethnic sample of young adult daily cigarette smokers. This study examines differences in nicotine dependence among menthol and non-menthol daily smokers and the associations of nicotine dependence with quitting behaviors among Native Hawaiian, Filipino, and White cigarette smokers aged 18-35. METHODS: Craigslist.org, newspaper advertisements, and peer-to-peer referrals were used to recruit daily smokers (n = 186) into a lab-based study. Nicotine dependence was assessed using the Fagerstrom Test of Nicotine Dependence (FTND), the Nicotine Dependence Syndrome Scale (NDSS), and the brief Wisconsin Inventory for Smoking Dependence Motives (WISDM). Multiple regression analyses were used to examine differences in nicotine dependence between menthol and non-menthol smokers and the relationship between each nicotine dependence scale with self-efficacy to quit, quit attempt in the past 12 months, and number of attempts. RESULTS: Menthol smokers were more likely to report difficulty refraining from smoking in places where forbidden (p = .04) and had higher scores on social/environmental goads subscale of the WISDM (p = .0005). Two-way interaction models of the FTND and menthol status showed that menthol smokers with higher levels of dependence were more likely to have tried to quit smoking in the past 12 months (p = .02), but were less likely to have had multiple quit attempts (p = .01). CONCLUSIONS: Components of the FTND and WISDM distinguish levels of dependence between menthol and non-menthol smokers. Higher FTND scores were associated with having a quit attempt, but fewer quit attempts among menthol smokers. Descriptors Links Book Title Database Publisher Elsevier Ireland Ltd Data Source Authors Fagan,P., Pohkrel,P., Herzog,T., Pagano,I., Vallone,D., Trinidad,D.R., Sakuma,K.L., Sterling,K., Fryer,C.S., Moolchan,E. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic 20150214 PMCID PMC4865397 Editors
Monitoring Exposure to Ebola and Health of U.S. Military Personnel Deployed in Support of Ebola Control Efforts - Liberia, October 25, 2014-February 27, 2015	2015		Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full MMWR.Morbidity and mortality weekly report Periodical, Abbrev. MMWR Morb.Mortal.Wkly.Rep. Pub Date Free Form 3-Jul Volume 64 Issue 25 Start Page 690 Other Pages 694 Notes JID: 7802429; ppublish Place of Publication United States ISSN/ISBN 1545-861X; 0149-2195 Accession Number PMID: 26135589 Language eng SubFile Journal Article; IM DOI mm6425a2 [pii] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 26135589 Abstract In response to the unprecedented Ebola virus disease (Ebola) outbreak in West Africa, the U.S. government deployed approximately 2,500 military personnel to support the government of Liberia. Their primary missions were to construct Ebola treatment units (ETUs), train health care workers to staff ETUs, and provide laboratory testing capacity for Ebola. Service members were explicitly prohibited from engaging in activities that could result in close contact with an Ebola-infected patient or coming in contact with the remains of persons who had died from unknown causes. Military units performed twice-daily monitoring of temperature and review of exposures and symptoms ("unit monitoring") on all persons throughout deployment, exit screening at the time of departure from Liberia, and post-deployment monitoring for 21 days at segregated, controlled monitoring areas on U.S. military installations. A total of 32 persons developed a fever during deployment from October 25, 2014, through February 27, 2015; none had a known Ebola exposure or developed Ebola infection. Monitoring of all deployed service members revealed no Ebola exposures or infections. Given their activity restrictions and comprehensive monitoring while deployed to Liberia, U.S. military personnel constitute a unique population with a lower risk for Ebola exposure compared with those working in the country without such measures. Descriptors Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Cardile,A.P., Murray,C.K., Littell,C.T., Shah,N.J., Fandre,M.N., Drinkwater,D.C., Markelz,B.P., Vento,T.J. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic PMCID Editors
Assessment of the potential for international dissemination of Ebola virus via commercial air travel during the 2014 west African outbreak	2015	Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada; Divisions of Internal Medicine and Infectious Diseases, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada.; Centre for Research on Inner City Health, Li Ka S	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Lancet (London, England) Periodical, Abbrev. Lancet Pub Date Free Form 3-Jan Volume 385 Issue 9962 Start Page 29 Other Pages 35 Notes LR: 20151028; CI: Copyright (c) 2015; GR: 095066/Wellcome Trust/United Kingdom; GR: 095066/Wellcome Trust/United Kingdom; GR: R01 LM010812/LM/NLM NIH HHS/United States; GR: R01LM010812/LM/NLM NIH HHS/United States; GR: Canadian Institutes of Health Resear Place of Publication England ISSN/ISBN 1474-547X; 0140-6736 Accession Number PMID: 25458732 Language eng SubFile Journal Article; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; AIM; IM DOI 10.1016/S0140-6736(14)61828-6 [doi] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 25458732 Abstract BACKGROUND: The WHO declared the 2014 west African Ebola epidemic a public health emergency of international concern in view of its potential for further international spread. Decision makers worldwide are in need of empirical data to inform and implement emergency response measures. Our aim was to assess the potential for Ebola virus to spread across international borders via commercial air travel and assess the relative efficiency of exit versus entry screening of travellers at commercial airports. METHODS: We analysed International Air Transport Association data for worldwide flight schedules between Sept 1, 2014, and Dec 31, 2014, and historic traveller flight itinerary data from 2013 to describe expected global population movements via commercial air travel out of Guinea, Liberia, and Sierra Leone. Coupled with Ebola virus surveillance data, we modelled the expected number of internationally exported Ebola virus infections, the potential effect of air travel restrictions, and the efficiency of airport-based traveller screening at international ports of entry and exit. We deemed individuals initiating travel from any domestic or international airport within these three countries to have possible exposure to Ebola virus. We deemed all other travellers to have no significant risk of exposure to Ebola virus. FINDINGS: Based on epidemic conditions and international flight restrictions to and from Guinea, Liberia, and Sierra Leone as of Sept 1, 2014 (reductions in passenger seats by 51% for Liberia, 66% for Guinea, and 85% for Sierra Leone), our model projects 2.8 travellers infected with Ebola virus departing the above three countries via commercial flights, on average, every month. 91,547 (64%) of all air travellers departing Guinea, Liberia, and Sierra Leone had expected destinations in low-income and lower-middle-income countries. Screening international travellers departing three airports would enable health assessments of all travellers at highest risk of exposure to Ebola virus infection. INTERPRETATION: Decision makers must carefully balance the potential harms from travel restrictions imposed on countries that have Ebola virus activity against any potential reductions in risk from Ebola virus importations. Exit screening of travellers at airports in Guinea, Liberia, and Sierra Leone would be the most efficient frontier at which to assess the health status of travellers at risk of Ebola virus exposure, however, this intervention might require international support to implement effectively. FUNDING: Canadian Institutes of Health Research. Descriptors Links Book Title Database Publisher Bogoch et al. Open Access article distributed under the terms of CC BY. Published by Elsevier Ltd Data Source Authors Bogoch,I.I., Creatore,M.I., Cetron,M.S., Brownstein,J.S., Pesik,N., Miniota,J., Tam,T., Hu,W., Nicolucci,A., Ahmed,S., Yoon,J.W., Berry,I., Hay,S.I., Anema,A., Tatem,A.J., MacFadden,D., German,M., Khan,K. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic 20141021 PMCID PMC4286618 Editors
The role of smokeless tobacco use in smoking persistence among male college students	2015	a Department of Social Sciences and Health Policy .; b Department of Biostatistical Sciences , and.; a Department of Social Sciences and Health Policy .; a Department of Social Sciences and Health Policy .; b Department of Biostatistical Sciences , and.;	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full The American Journal of Drug and Alcohol Abuse Periodical, Abbrev. Am.J.Drug Alcohol Abuse Pub Date Free Form Volume 41 Issue 6 Start Page 541 Other Pages 546 Notes LR: 20151029; GR: R01 CA141643/CA/NCI NIH HHS/United States; JID: 7502510; NIHMS730141; OID: NLM: NIHMS730141 [Available on 11/01/16]; OID: NLM: PMC4623432 [Available on 11/01/16]; OTO: NOTNLM; PMCR: 2016/11/01 00:00; 2015/09/16 [aheadofprint]; ppublish Place of Publication England ISSN/ISBN 1097-9891; 0095-2990 Accession Number PMID: 26375618 Language eng SubFile Journal Article; Observational Study; IM DOI 10.3109/00952990.2015.1078345 [doi] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 26375618 Abstract BACKGROUND: Significant changes in the tobacco industry have led to heightened concern about co-use of cigarettes and smokeless tobacco (SLT) products. OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was to assess whether male cigarette smokers who also used SLT products, in the first semester of their first year of college, were more or less likely than male cigarette smokers who did not use SLT products to still be smoking by the first semester of their senior year. METHODS: Using a longitudinal, observational study, we followed a cohort of undergraduate students from 11 four-year universities in North Carolina and Virginia through their college career. Mixed-effects logistic regression analysis was conducted to estimate the likelihood of being a current smoker fall of senior year for male students who used both cigarettes and SLT at baseline, compared to those who only smoked cigarettes, after adjustment for potential confounders (n = 274). RESULTS: At baseline, 67.2% of participants were smoking cigarettes only (no SLT use) and 32.8% were dual users (cigarettes and SLT). A total of 62% were still smoking at senior year. Dual users were 30% more likely to be current smokers senior year compared to cigarette only users, although this difference was not statistically significant. Having at least one friend who smoked cigarettes and heavier cigarette smoking at baseline were significantly related to senior year smoking. CONCLUSIONS: Our findings do not support the argument that SLT use may help male college smokers discontinue their smoking habit. In fact, it may contribute to smoking persistence. Descriptors Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Wolfson,M., Suerken,C.K., Egan,K.L., Sutfin,E.L., Reboussin,B.A., Wagoner,K.G., Spangler,J. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic 20150916 PMCID PMC4623432 Editors
Consumption patterns and biomarkers of exposure in cigarette smokers switched to Snus, various dissolvable tobacco products, Dual use, or tobacco abstinence	2015	R.J. Reynolds Tobacco Company, Winston-Salem, NC, USA.; R.J. Reynolds Tobacco Company, Winston-Salem, NC, USA.; R.J. Reynolds Tobacco Company, Winston-Salem, NC, USA. Electronic address: borgerm@rjrt.com.	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Regulatory toxicology and pharmacology : RTP Periodical, Abbrev. Regul.Toxicol.Pharmacol. Pub Date Free Form Mar Volume 71 Issue 2 Start Page 186 Other Pages 197 Notes CI: Copyright (c) 2015; JID: 8214983; 0 (Biomarkers); OTO: NOTNLM; 2014/09/03 [received]; 2014/11/25 [revised]; 2014/12/19 [accepted]; 2014/12/27 [aheadofprint]; ppublish Place of Publication United States ISSN/ISBN 1096-0295; 0273-2300 Accession Number PMID: 25549549 Language eng SubFile Journal Article; Multicenter Study; Randomized Controlled Trial; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; IM DOI 10.1016/j.yrtph.2014.12.016 [doi] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 25549549 Abstract The objectives of this clinical study were to evaluate changes in tobacco product use behavior and levels of selected biomarkers of exposure (BOEs) for smokers who switched to one of six conditions during clinical confinement: exclusive use of; Camel Snus, Sticks, Strips or Orbs, controlled Dual use of cigarettes and Camel Snus, or tobacco abstinence. The controlled Dual use (DU) condition mandated a 60% reduction in cigarettes smoked per day (CPD). 167 healthy U.S. male and female smokers were randomized to the six groups (n=25-30/group). Subjects smoked their usual brand of cigarette for 1 day prior to switching to their designated intervention condition. Levels of thirty-two BOEs in plasma, whole blood, urine and feces were determined before and after switching. Questionnaires that scored nicotine dependence and withdrawal discomfort were also administered. After 5 days, exclusive Snus, Sticks, Strips, or Orbs use averaged 6.1, 5.9, 13.5, and 8.5 units/day, respectively. DU subjects smoked 7.6 CPD and used 3.2 Snus pouches/day, on average. After 5 days, substantial reductions of most biomarkers, including nicotine, were observed in all groups. Toxicant exposures were similar to being tobacco abstinent after switching exclusively to Camel Snus, Sticks, Strips or Orbs. DU reductions were more modest. Descriptors Links Book Title Database Publisher The Authors. Published by Elsevier Inc Data Source Authors Krautter,G.R., Chen,P.X., Borgerding,M.F. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic 20141227 PMCID Editors
Risk factors on the development of new-onset gastroesophageal reflux symptoms. A population-based prospective cohort study: the HUNT study	2015	1] Institute of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark [2] Department of Medical Gastroenterology S, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark [3] Medical Department, Levanger Hospital, Nord-Trondelag Hospital Trust, Levanger	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full The American Journal of Gastroenterology Periodical, Abbrev. Am.J.Gastroenterol. Pub Date Free Form Mar Volume 110 Issue 3 Start Page 393 Other Pages 400; quiz 401 Notes JID: 0421030; 2014/09/01 [received]; 2014/12/02 [revised]; 2015/01/07 [accepted]; 2015/02/10 [aheadofprint]; ppublish Place of Publication United States ISSN/ISBN 1572-0241; 0002-9270 Accession Number PMID: 25665934 Language eng SubFile Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; IM DOI 10.1038/ajg.2015.18 [doi] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 25665934 Abstract OBJECTIVES: Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) is a highly prevalent disorder. This study assessed the risk factors of new-onset gastroesophageal reflux symptoms (GERS). METHODS: The study was based on the HUNT study, a prospective population-based cohort study conducted in 1995-1997 and 2006-2009 in Nord-Trondelag County, Norway. All inhabitants from 20 years of age were invited. Risk factors of new-onset heartburn or acid regurgitation were examined using logistic regression, providing odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI). RESULTS: A total of 29,610 individuals were included (61% response rate). Participants reporting no GERS at baseline and severe GERS at follow-up (new-onset GERS; n=510) were compared with participants reporting no complaints at both times (n=14,406). Increasing age (OR 1.01 per year, 95% CI 1.00-1.02) was positively associated, whereas male sex (OR 0.81, 95% CI 0.66-0.98) and higher education (OR 0.69, 95% CI 0.56-0.86) were negatively associated with new-onset GERS. Gain in body mass index (BMI) was dose-dependently associated with new-onset GERS (OR 1.30 per unit increase in BMI, 95% CI 1.25-1.35), irrespective of baseline BMI. Previous and current tobacco smoking were associated with new-onset GERS (OR 1.37, 95% CI 1.07-1.76 and OR 1.29, 95% CI 1.00-1.67, respectively). Tobacco smoking cessation was associated with new-onset GERS among those with gain in BMI upon quitting (OR 2.03, 95% CI 1.31-3.16, with >3.5 BMI units increase). CONCLUSIONS: New-onset GERS were associated with increasing age, female sex, lower education, gain in BMI, and ever tobacco smoking. Tobacco smoking cessation was associated with new-onset GERS among those who gained weight upon quitting. Descriptors Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Hallan,A., Bomme,M., Hveem,K., Moller-Hansen,J., Ness-Jensen,E. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic 20150210 PMCID Editors
Sex-stratified and age-adjusted social gradients in tobacco in Argentina and Uruguay: evidence from the Global Adult Tobacco Survey (GATS)	2015	Department of Sociology, DePaul University, Chicago, Illinois, USA.; Ministerio de Salud de la Nacion, Buenos Aires, Argentina.; Instituto Nacional de Estadistica y Censos, Ministerio de Economia y Finanzas Publicas, Buenos Aires, Argentina.; Ministerio d	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Tobacco control Periodical, Abbrev. Tob.Control Pub Date Free Form Nov Volume 24 Issue 6 Start Page 562 Other Pages 567 Notes CI: Published by the BMJ Publishing Group Limited. For permission to use (where not already granted under a licence) please go to http://www.bmj.com/company/products-services/rights-and-licensing/; JID: 9209612; 0 (Tobacco Smoke Pollution); OTO: NOTNLM; 2 Place of Publication England ISSN/ISBN 1468-3318; 0964-4563 Accession Number PMID: 24985731 Language eng SubFile Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; IM DOI 10.1136/tobaccocontrol-2013-051525 [doi] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 24985731 Abstract OBJECTIVE: To examine social gradients in tobacco use in Argentina and Uruguay, using newly available directly comparable data sets. METHODS: Secondary analysis of Global Adult Tobacco Survey data from Argentina (N=6645) and Uruguay (N=5581). Social gradients in current tobacco use, exposure to secondhand smoke, and cessation attempt were examined with sex-stratified and age-adjusted logistic regression. RESULTS: Among men, there is evidence of higher odds of being a current smoker among respondents with lower levels of education, but the association is only statistically significant for respondents with less than primary education in Uruguay (OR=2.15, 95% CI 1.22 to 3.77). Similarly, women with lower levels of education have higher odds of being a current smoker in Uruguay. The association between education and exposure to secondhand smoke is broadly similar for both sexes in both countries, with generally higher odds among groups with low education, though the relationship is only statistically significant among men in Uruguay (OR=1.77, 95% CI 1.08 to 2.92). In both countries, respondents with lower levels of education in general have higher odds of having attempted to quit smoking in the past year, although these associations did not attain statistical significance. CONCLUSIONS: Social gradients in tobacco use, exposure to secondhand smoke and cessation attempts are broadly similar in both countries. Efforts to evaluate the long-term effects of tobacco control efforts in these countries should monitor how policies affect national averages, and the social gradients that are embedded in aggregate data. Descriptors Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors De Maio,F.G., Konfino,J., Ondarsuhu,D., Goldberg,L., Linetzky,B., Ferrante,D. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic 20140701 PMCID Editors
Standardised (plain) cigarette packaging increases attention to both text-based and graphical health warnings: experimental evidence	2015	Department of Psychology, City University London, London, UK; Barts Health NHS Trust, London, UK.; Department of Psychology, City University London, London, UK.; Department of Global Health & Development, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, Lond	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Public health Periodical, Abbrev. Public Health Pub Date Free Form Jan Volume 129 Issue 1 Start Page 37 Other Pages 42 Notes LR: 20160713; CI: Copyright (c) 2014; GR: 09401/Wellcome Trust/United Kingdom; GR: 100714/Wellcome Trust/United Kingdom; GR: BB/K01479X/1/Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council/United Kingdom; JID: 0376507; OID: NLM: PMC4315810; OTO: NOTNL Place of Publication Netherlands ISSN/ISBN 1476-5616; 0033-3506 Accession Number PMID: 25542740 Language eng SubFile Journal Article; Randomized Controlled Trial; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; IM DOI 10.1016/j.puhe.2014.10.019 [doi] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 25542740 Abstract OBJECTIVE: To investigate whether standardised cigarette packaging increases the time spent looking at health warnings, regardless of the format of those warnings. STUDY DESIGN: A factorial (two pack styles x three warning types) within-subject experiment, with participants randomised to different orders of conditions, completed at a university in London, UK. METHODS: Mock-ups of cigarette packets were presented to participants with their branded portion in either standardised (plain) or manufacturer-designed (branded) format. Health warnings were present on all packets, representing all three types currently in use in the UK: black & white text, colour text, or colour images with accompanying text. Gaze position was recorded using a specialised eye tracker, providing the main outcome measure, which was the mean proportion of a five-second viewing period spent gazing at the warning-label region of the packet. RESULTS: An opportunity sample of 30 (six male, mean age = 23) young adults met the following inclusion criteria: 1) not currently a smoker; 2) 50% viewing time. These participants spent a greater proportion of the available time gazing at the warning-label region when the branded section of the pack was standardised (following current Australian guidelines) rather than containing the manufacturer's preferred design (mean difference in proportions = 0.078, 95% confidence interval 0.049 to 0.106, p Descriptors Links Book Title Database Publisher The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd. Data Source Authors Shankleman,M., Sykes,C., Mandeville,K.L., Di Costa,S., Yarrow,K. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic 20141224 PMCID PMC4315810 Editors

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