WTS database

Title	Pub Year Sort descending	Author	SearchLink
Pathophysiology of Mild TBI: Implications for Altered Signaling Pathways	2015		Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Book, Section Periodical, Full Periodical, Abbrev. Pub Date Free Form Volume Issue Start Page Other Pages Notes CI: (c) 2015 Place of Publication Boca Raton (FL) ISSN/ISBN 9781466565982 Accession Number PMID: 26269903 Language eng SubFile Review; Book Chapter DOI NBK299203 [bookaccession] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 26269903 Abstract Concussions and mild traumatic brain injury (TBI) represent a substantial portion of the annual incidence of TBI aided by the increased reporting of concussions in youth sports, and the increased exposure of soldiers to blast injuries in the war theater. The pathophysiology of concussions and mild TBI consist predominantly of axonal injury at the cellular level and working memory deficits at the behavioral level. Importantly, studies in humans and in animals are making it clear that concussions and mild TBI are not merely a milder form of moderate-severe TBI but represent a separate disease/injury state. Therefore, acute and chronic treatment strategies, both behavioral and pharmacological, need to be implemented based on thorough pre-clinical assessment. The review in this chapter focuses on two under-studied components of the pathophysiology of mild TBI-the role of the c-Jun N-terminal kinase pathway in axonal injury, and the role of the dopaminergic system in working memory deficits. The growing awareness of the incidence of concussion in contact sports, coupled with the emergence of blast-related injuries in combat fighting, has heightened the urgency to understand the underlying mechanisms of mild brain trauma and devise potential therapeutic interventions. TBI in general, and mild TBI in particular, is considered a "silent epidemic" because many of the acute and enduring alterations in cognitive, motor, and somatosensory functions may not be readily apparent to external observers. Moderate to severe TBI is a major cause of injury-induced death and disability with an annual incidence of approximately 500 in 100,000 people affected in the United States (Sosin et al., 1989; Kraus and McArthur, 1996; Rutland-Brown et al., 2006). However, approximately 80% of all TBI cases are categorized as mild head injuries (Bazarian et al., 2005; Langlois et al., 2006). It is important to note that these approximations are underestimates because they do not account for incidents of TBI in which the person does not seek medical care (Faul et al., 2010). Recent estimates to correct for this underreporting have placed the annual incidence at approximately 3.8 million (Bazarian et al., 2005; Ropper and Gorson, 2007; Halstead and Walter, 2010). The Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) score, which measures level of consciousness, has been the primary clinical tool for assessing initial brain injury severity in mild (GCS 13-15), moderate (GCS 9-12), or severe (GCS Descriptors Links Book Title Brain Neurotrauma: Molecular, Neuropsychological, and Rehabilitation Aspects Database Publisher by Taylor & Francis Group, LLC Data Source Authors Laskowski,R.A., Creed,J.A., Raghupathi,R. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic PMCID Editors Kobeissy,F.H.
Lapita diet and subsistence strategies on Watom Island, Papua New Guinea: New stable isotope evidence from humans and animals	2015	Department of Anatomy, Otago School of Medical Sciences, University of Otago, Dunedin, 9054, New Zealand.	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full American Journal of Physical Anthropology Periodical, Abbrev. Am.J.Phys.Anthropol. Pub Date Free Form May Volume 157 Issue 1 Start Page 30 Other Pages 41 Notes CI: (c) 2015; JID: 0400654; 0 (Carbon Isotopes); 0 (Nitrogen Isotopes); 9007-34-5 (Collagen); OTO: NOTNLM; 2014/06/14 [received]; 2014/12/02 [accepted]; 2015/01/12 [aheadofprint]; ppublish Place of Publication United States ISSN/ISBN 1096-8644; 0002-9483 Accession Number PMID: 25641394 Language eng SubFile Historical Article; Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; IM DOI 10.1002/ajpa.22685 [doi] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 25641394 Abstract Stable isotope ratios (delta(13)C and delta(15)N) were analyzed from the bone collagen of individuals (n = 8) from a Lapita burial ground (ca. 2800-2350 BP) on Watom Island, located off northeast New Britain in the Bismarck Archipelago. The aim of this study was to assess the diet and subsistence strategies of humans that lived during the later Lapita period in Near Oceania. To aid in the interpretation of the human diet we analyzed the stable isotope ratios of faunal material from the site (n = 27). We also aim to assess methods of animal husbandry at the site over time from an analysis of the stable isotope ratios (delta(13)C and delta(15)N) of pig bones (n = 22) from different temporal periods (Lapita, post-Lapita, and late prehistoric). The protein diet of the humans consisted of marine organisms from the inshore environment and some deep-water species, most likely marine turtle, in addition to higher trophic level terrestrial foods, likely pig and native animals (e.g., fruit bat, Cuscus and bandicoot). Although the sample sizes were small, females (n = 4) displayed more variable delta(13)C and delta(15)N values compared with males (n = 4), which may be associated with the movement of adult females to the island. The stable isotope analysis of the pig bones indicated that there were few differences between the diets of the pigs from the Lapita and post-Lapita layers, suggesting that the method of pig husbandry was similar between these two periods and was likely relatively free-range. Descriptors Links Book Title Database Publisher Wiley Periodicals, Inc Data Source Authors Kinaston,R.L., Anson,D., Petchey,P., Walter,R., Robb,K., Buckley,H. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic 20150112 PMCID Editors
Diving behavior and fishing performance: the case of lobster artisanal fishermen of the Yucatan coast, Mexico	2015		Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Undersea & hyperbaric medicine : journal of the Undersea and Hyperbaric Medical Society, Inc Periodical, Abbrev. Undersea Hyperb.Med. Pub Date Free Form Jul-Aug Volume 42 Issue 4 Start Page 285 Other Pages 296 Notes JID: 9312954; ppublish Place of Publication United States ISSN/ISBN 1066-2936; 1066-2936 Accession Number PMID: 26403014 Language eng SubFile Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; IM; S DOI Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 26403014 Abstract An average of 209 cases of decompression sickness (DCS) have been reported every year among artisanal fishermen. divers of the Yucatan Peninsula, Mexico. DCS is a major problem among fishermen divers worldwide. This paper explores how diving behavior and fishing techniques among fishermen relate to the probability of experiencing DCS (Pdcs). Fieldwork was conducted in two communities during the 2012-2013 fishing season. Fishermen were classified into three groups (two per group) according to their fishing performance and followed during their journeys. Dive profiles were recorded using Sensus Ultra dive recorders (Reefet Inc.). Surveys were used to record fishing yields from cooperative and individual fishermen along with fishing techniques and dive behavior. 120 dives were recorded. Fishermen averaged three dives/day, with an average depth of 47 +/- 2 feet of sea water (fsw) and an average total bottom time (TBT) of 95 +/- 11 minutes. 24% of dives exceeded the 2008 U.S. Navy no-decompression limit. The average ascent rate was 20 fsw/minute, and 5% of those exceeded 40 fsw/minute. Inadequate decompression was observed in all fishermen. Fishermen are diving outside the safety limits of both military and recreational standards. Fishing techniques and dive behavior were important factors in Pdcs. Fishermen were reluctant to seek treatment, and symptoms were relieved with analgesics. Descriptors Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Huchim-Lara,O., Salas,S., Chin,W., Montero,J., Fraga,J. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic PMCID Editors
Fabrication and application of zinc-zinc oxide nanosheets coating on an etched stainless steel wire as a selective solid-phase microextraction fiber	2015	College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou 730070, China.; College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou 730070, China.; College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Northwes	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Journal of chromatography.A Periodical, Abbrev. J.Chromatogr.A Pub Date Free Form 6-Mar Volume 1384 Issue Start Page 28 Other Pages 36 Notes CI: Copyright (c) 2015; JID: 9318488; 0 (Polycyclic Hydrocarbons, Aromatic); 0 (Water Pollutants, Chemical); 059QF0KO0R (Water); 12597-68-1 (Stainless Steel); J41CSQ7QDS (Zinc); SOI2LOH54Z (Zinc Oxide); OTO: NOTNLM; 2014/11/24 [received]; 2015/01/20 [revi Place of Publication Netherlands ISSN/ISBN 1873-3778; 0021-9673 Accession Number PMID: 25662065 Language eng SubFile Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; IM DOI 10.1016/j.chroma.2015.01.059 [doi] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 25662065 Abstract A novel zinc-zinc oxide (Zn-ZnO) nanosheets coating was directly fabricated on an etched stainless steel wire substrate as solid-phase microextraction (SPME) fiber via previous electrodeposition of robust Zn coating. The scanning electron micrograph of the Zn-ZnO nanosheets coated fiber exhibits a flower-like nanostructure with high surface area. The SPME performance of as-fabricated fiber was investigated for the concentration and determination of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, phthalates and ultraviolet (UV) filters coupled to high performance liquid chromatography with UV detection (HPLC-UV). It was found that the Zn-ZnO nanosheets coating exhibited high extraction capability, good selectivity and rapid mass transfer for some UV filters. The main parameters affecting extraction performance were investigated and optimized. Under the optimized conditions, the calibration graphs were linear over the range of 0.1-200mugL(-1). The limits of detection of the proposed method were 0.052-0.084mugL(-1) (S/N=3). The single fiber repeatability varied from 5.18% to 7.56% and the fiber-to-fiber reproducibility ranged from 6.74% to 8.83% for the extraction of spiked water with 50mugL(-1) UV filters (n=5). The established SPME-HPLC-UV method was successfully applied to the selective concentration and sensitive determination of target UV filters from real environmental water samples with recoveries from 85.8% to 105% at the spiking level of 10mugL(-1) and 30mugL(-1). The relative standard deviations were below 9.7%. Descriptors Links Book Title Database Publisher . Published by Elsevier B.V Data Source Authors Song,W., Guo,M., Zhang,Y., Zhang,M., Wang,X., Du,X. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic 20150125 PMCID Editors
Menthol cigarette smoking among lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender adults	2015	Center for Tobacco Control Research and Education, University of California, San Francisco, California. Electronic address: atfall2@uky.edu.; Institute for Pharmaceutical Outcomes and Policy, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky.; Office on Smoking	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full American Journal of Preventive Medicine Periodical, Abbrev. Am.J.Prev.Med. Pub Date Free Form Jan Volume 48 Issue 1 Start Page 93 Other Pages 97 Notes LR: 20160101; CI: Copyright (c) 2015; GR: CC999999/Intramural CDC HHS/United States; JID: 8704773; 1490-04-6 (Menthol); 6M3C89ZY6R (Nicotine); HHSPA695400; OID: NLM: HHSPA695400; OID: NLM: PMC4454462; 2014/03/03 [received]; 2014/06/20 [revised]; 2014/07/2 Place of Publication Netherlands ISSN/ISBN 1873-2607; 0749-3797 Accession Number PMID: 25245795 Language eng SubFile Journal Article; IM DOI 10.1016/j.amepre.2014.07.044 [doi] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 25245795 Abstract BACKGROUND: Menthol can mask the harshness and taste of tobacco, making menthol cigarettes easier to use and increasing their appeal among vulnerable populations. The tobacco industry has targeted youth, women, and racial minorities with menthol cigarettes, and these groups smoke menthol cigarettes at higher rates. The tobacco industry has also targeted the lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender (LGBT) communities with tobacco product marketing. PURPOSE: To assess current menthol cigarette smoking by sexual orientation among a nationally representative sample of U.S. adults. METHODS: Data were obtained from the 2009-2010 National Adult Tobacco Survey, a national landline and cellular telephone survey of non-institutionalized U.S. adults aged >/=18 years, to compare current menthol cigarette smoking between LGBT (n=2,431) and heterosexual/straight (n=110,841) adults. Data were analyzed during January-April 2014 using descriptive statistics and logistic regression adjusted for sex, age, race, and educational attainment. RESULTS: Among all current cigarette smokers, 29.6% reported usually smoking menthol cigarettes in the past 30 days. Menthol use was significantly higher among LGBT smokers, with 36.3% reporting that the cigarettes they usually smoked were menthol compared to 29.3% of heterosexual/straight smokers (p Descriptors Links Book Title Database Publisher American Journal of Preventive Medicine Data Source Authors Fallin,A., Goodin,A.J., King,B.A. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic 20140919 PMCID PMC4454462 Editors
Randomized Trial of Reduced-Nicotine Standards for Cigarettes	2015	From the Departments of Psychology (E.C.D., R.L.D., S.S.D., T.L.) and Medicine (H.T.), University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh; the Center for Alcohol and Addiction Studies, Brown University, Providence, RI (J.W.T.); the Division of Biostatistics, School of	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full The New England journal of medicine Periodical, Abbrev. N.Engl.J.Med. Pub Date Free Form Oct Volume 373 Issue 14 Start Page 1340 Other Pages 1349 Notes LR: 20160401; ClinicalTrials.gov/NCT01681875; GR: P30 CA016672/CA/NCI NIH HHS/United States; GR: P30 CA077598/CA/NCI NIH HHS/United States; GR: P30 ES013508/ES/NIEHS NIH HHS/United States; GR: U54 DA031659/DA/NIDA NIH HHS/United States; GR: U54 DA031659/D Place of Publication United States ISSN/ISBN 1533-4406; 0028-4793 Accession Number PMID: 26422724 Language eng SubFile Journal Article; Multicenter Study; Randomized Controlled Trial; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural; Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.; AIM; IM DOI 10.1056/NEJMsa1502403 [doi] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 26422724 Abstract BACKGROUND: The Food and Drug Administration can set standards that reduce the nicotine content of cigarettes. METHODS: We conducted a double-blind, parallel, randomized clinical trial between June 2013 and July 2014 at 10 sites. Eligibility criteria included an age of 18 years or older, smoking of five or more cigarettes per day, and no current interest in quitting smoking. Participants were randomly assigned to smoke for 6 weeks either their usual brand of cigarettes or one of six types of investigational cigarettes, provided free. The investigational cigarettes had nicotine content ranging from 15.8 mg per gram of tobacco (typical of commercial brands) to 0.4 mg per gram. The primary outcome was the number of cigarettes smoked per day during week 6. RESULTS: A total of 840 participants underwent randomization, and 780 completed the 6-week study. During week 6, the average number of cigarettes smoked per day was lower for participants randomly assigned to cigarettes containing 2.4, 1.3, or 0.4 mg of nicotine per gram of tobacco (16.5, 16.3, and 14.9 cigarettes, respectively) than for participants randomly assigned to their usual brand or to cigarettes containing 15.8 mg per gram (22.2 and 21.3 cigarettes, respectively; P Descriptors Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Donny,E.C., Denlinger,R.L., Tidey,J.W., Koopmeiners,J.S., Benowitz,N.L., Vandrey,R.G., al'Absi,M., Carmella,S.G., Cinciripini,P.M., Dermody,S.S., Drobes,D.J., Hecht,S.S., Jensen,J., Lane,T., Le,C.T., McClernon,F.J., Montoya,I.D., Murphy,S.E., Robinson,J.D., Stitzer,M.L., Strasser,A.A., Tindle,H., Hatsukami,D.K. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic PMCID PMC4642683 Editors
Stages of change of the readiness to quit smoking among a random sample of minority Arab male smokers in Israel	2015	Department of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, P.O. Box 653, Beer Sheva, 84015, Israel. daoud@bgu.ac.il.; School of Public Health. University of Haifa, Haifa, Israel. ssamah_shaiek@yahoo.com.; Department of Pu	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full BMC public health Periodical, Abbrev. BMC Public Health Pub Date Free Form 16-Jul Volume 15 Issue Start Page 672 Other Pages 015-1950-8 Notes LR: 20151016; JID: 100968562; OID: NLM: PMC4607270; 2014/12/09 [received]; 2015/06/19 [accepted]; 2015/07/16 [aheadofprint]; epublish Place of Publication England ISSN/ISBN 1471-2458; 1471-2458 Accession Number PMID: 26178347 Language eng SubFile Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; IM DOI 10.1186/s12889-015-1950-8 [doi] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 26178347 Abstract BACKGROUND: Despite advanced smoking prevention and cessation policies in many countries, the prevalence of cigarette smoking among indigenous and some ethnic minorities continues to be high. This study examined the stages of change (SOC) of the readiness to quit smoking among Arab men in Israel shortly after new regulations of free-of-charge smoking cessation workshops and subsidized medications were introduced through primary health care clinics. METHODS: We conducted a countrywide study in Israel between 2012-2013. Participants, 735 current smokers; 18-64 years old; were recruited from a stratified random sample and interviewed face-to-face using a structured questionnaire in Arabic. We used ordered regression to examine the contribution of socio-economic position (SEP), health status, psychosocial attributes, smoking-related factors, and physician advice to the SOC of the readiness to quit smoking (pre-contemplation, contemplation and preparation). RESULTS: Of the current smokers, 61.8% were at the pre-contemplation stage, 23.8% were at the contemplation stage, and only 14.4% were at the preparation stage. In the multinomial analysis, factors significantly (P Descriptors Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Daoud,N., Hayek,S., Sheikh Muhammad,A., Abu-Saad,K., Osman,A., Thrasher,J.F., Kalter-Leibovici,O. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic 20150716 PMCID PMC4607270 Editors
Risk of upper gastrointestinal cancers in patients with gastroesophageal reflux disease after a negative screening endoscopy	2015	Section of Health Services Research, Houston Veterans Affairs Health Services Research and Development Center of Excellence, Houston, Texas; Section of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas.; S	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Clinical gastroenterology and hepatology : the official clinical practice journal of the American Gastroenterological Association Periodical, Abbrev. Clin.Gastroenterol.Hepatol. Pub Date Free Form Feb Volume 13 Issue 2 Start Page 280 Other Pages 286 Notes LR: 20160202; CI: Copyright (c) 2015; GR: K24 DK078154/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/United States; GR: P30 DK056338/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/United States; GR: R01 CA116845/CA/NCI NIH HHS/United States; GR: R01 NCI RC4 155844/RC/CCR NIH HHS/United States; GR: UK58338/PHS HHS Place of Publication United States ISSN/ISBN 1542-7714; 1542-3565 Accession Number PMID: 25004461 Language eng SubFile Journal Article; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural; IM DOI 10.1016/j.cgh.2014.06.029 [doi] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 25004461 Abstract BACKGROUND & AIMS: Practice guidelines recommend a 1-time screening endoscopy for patients with gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) who are at high risk for Barrett's esophagus or malignancy. However, little is known about the risk of cancer in patients with negative findings from screening endoscopies. METHODS: We conducted a retrospective cohort study using data from 121 Veterans Health Administration facilities nationwide to determine the incidence rate of esophageal adenocarcinoma (EA) separately, as well as any upper gastrointestinal cancers, in patients with an initial negative screening endoscopy (esophagogastroduodenoscopy [EGD]). We included veteran patients with GERD diagnosed between 2004 and 2009 who had a negative screening EGD within 1 year of diagnosis. We estimated the incidence rate of EA, and any upper gastrointestinal cancer, in patients with GERD who had a negative screening EGD. We examined differences in demographic, clinical, and facility factors among patients with and without cancer. RESULTS: We identified 68,610 patients with GERD and a negative screening EGD (mean age, 55.5 y; 90% men; 67.5% white). During a mean follow-up period of 3.2 years, 10 patients developed EA and 29 patients developed any upper gastrointestinal malignancies, including EA. The incidence of subsequent EA in this group was 4.6/100,000 patient-years of follow-up evaluation, whereas the incidence of any upper gastrointestinal cancers was 13.2/100,000 patient-years of follow-up evaluation. Patients with a subsequent cancer were significantly older and had higher comorbidity scores than patients without cancer. Other clinical and facility factors did not differ significantly between these 2 groups. CONCLUSIONS: The risk of cancer is low, over a mean 3-year period, for patients with GERD who had a negative screening endoscopy. These findings justify recommendations for a 1-time screening endoscopy for patients with GERD. Descriptors Links Book Title Database Publisher AGA Institute. Published by Elsevier Inc Data Source Authors Shakhatreh,M.H., Duan,Z., Avila,N., Naik,A.D., Kramer,J.R., Hinojosa-Lindsey,M., Chen,J., El-Serag,H.B. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic 20140705 PMCID PMC4284151 Editors
Policy Options to Promote Smokefree Environments for Children and Adolescents	2015	University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, School of Public Health, Milwaukee, WI 53201.	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Current problems in pediatric and adolescent health care Periodical, Abbrev. Curr.Probl.Pediatr.Adolesc.Health.Care. Pub Date Free Form Jun Volume 45 Issue 6 Start Page 146 Other Pages 181 Notes CI: Copyright (c) 2015; JID: 101134613; 0 (Tobacco Smoke Pollution); 2015/03/23 [received]; 2015/04/14 [accepted]; 2015/05/29 [aheadofprint]; ppublish Place of Publication United States ISSN/ISBN 1538-3199; 1538-3199 Accession Number PMID: 26032229 Language eng SubFile Journal Article; Review; IM DOI 10.1016/j.cppeds.2015.04.001 [doi] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 26032229 Abstract Secondhand smoke (SHS) exposure among children is associated with a wide variety of adverse health risks, including: asthma, otitis media, respiratory infections, impaired lung growth and function, decreased exercise tolerance, cognitive impairments, behavior problems, and sudden infant death syndrome. Unfortunately, over 40% of children aged 3-11 years-15.1 million children-are currently exposed to SHS, with nearly 70% of black children in this age group being exposed. Over the past three decades, great strides have been made in establishing smokefree environments for adults, ultimately reducing their SHS exposure. Regulations have been passed at the organizational, local, and state levels that increasingly ban smoking in the workplace and public places. Children's SHS exposure patterns, however, differ from adults' exposures, with greater time spent in the home and other potentially unregulated venues (school, child care, and car). This means that children have been afforded relatively less protection from SHS by these smokefree regulations. It is imperative, therefore, to seek alternative options for promoting smokefree environments for children throughout the United States. This article explores policy options that promote smokefree environments for children and adolescents: comprehensive smokefree/tobacco-free policies covering indoor/outdoor public places, housing, private vehicles, and child care, as well as Clinical Guidelines regarding patient/family interviews on smoking, SHS, cessation, and voluntary smokefree efforts. The policy section highlights the role of child and adolescent health practitioners in promoting these policies with the hope of fostering engagement of these key stakeholders in the policy process. Note, there are a wide range of important policy and regulatory strategies aimed at reducing tobacco initiation and use among children, adolescents, and young adults; while essential in tobacco prevention and control efforts, a discussion of these strategies is beyond the scope of this article. Descriptors Links Book Title Database Publisher Mosby, Inc Data Source Authors Bartholomew,K.S. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic 20150529 PMCID Editors
Tobacco Use and Exposure to Second-Hand Smoke among Urban Residents: A Community-Based Investigation	2015	Changchun Health Education Centre, Changchun, Jilin 130021, China. arui1103@126.com.; Editorial Office of Journal of Jilin University Medicine Edition, Changchun, Jilin 130012, China. hanhz@jlu.edu.cn.; Changchun Institute of Health Supervision, Changchun	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full International journal of environmental research and public health Periodical, Abbrev. Int.J.Environ.Res.Public.Health. Pub Date Free Form 18-Aug Volume 12 Issue 8 Start Page 9799 Other Pages 9808 Notes LR: 20150902; JID: 101238455; 0 (Tobacco Smoke Pollution); OID: NLM: PMC4555312; OTO: NOTNLM; 2015/07/21 [received]; 2015/08/05 [revised]; 2015/08/13 [accepted]; epublish Place of Publication Switzerland ISSN/ISBN 1660-4601; 1660-4601 Accession Number PMID: 26295250 Language eng SubFile Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; IM DOI 10.3390/ijerph120809799 [doi] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 26295250 Abstract OBJECTIVES: In 2005, China acceded to the World Health Organization Framework Convention on Tobacco Control (WHO FCTC), the foundation for the global fight against tobacco. Certain cities in China have established local regulations to control tobacco use ahead of national policy; however, without the enforcement of statutory law, some of these regulations are merely lip service. The aim of the study was to assess the effects of city policy on smoking prevalence and on second-hand smoke (SHS) exposure status among non-smokers in Changchun City. METHODS: A cross-sectional survey covering a multiple-stage, representative sample of the urban population aged >/=15 years was conducted between 1 Dec 2013 and 31 Jan 2014. The WHO and the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention developed the questionnaires used, which included demographic characteristics, smoking behaviors and SHS exposure status. RESULTS: Overall cigarette smoking prevalence was 23.5%; daily cigarette smoking prevalence was 21.2%. Smoking prevalence and cigarettes consumed per day was higher among men (p Descriptors Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Xu,Z., Han,H., Zhuang,C., Zhang,C., Zhao,P., Yao,Y. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic 20150818 PMCID PMC4555312 Editors

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