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WTS Database
The subject of interest is:
waterpipe, water-pipe, nargile, narghile, arguileh, arguile, shisha, sheesha, chichi, hubble bubble, hubbly bubbly, goza, hookah, bong
| Title | Pub Year Sort descending | Author | SearchLink |
|---|---|---|---|
| Prevalence and patterns of commonly abused psychoactive prescription drugs in a sample of university students from Lebanon: an opportunity for cross-cultural comparisons | 2012 | Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, American University of Beirut, 1107-2020 Lebanon. lg01@aub.edu.lb | Read more... |
|
Source Type
Print(0)
Ref Type
Journal Article
Periodical, Full
Drug and alcohol dependence
Periodical, Abbrev.
Drug Alcohol Depend.
Pub Date Free Form
1-Feb
Volume
121
Issue
2-Jan
Start Page
110
Other Pages
117
Notes
LR: 20151119; CI: Copyright (c) 2011; GR: DA020667/DA/NIDA NIH HHS/United States; GR: DA023434/DA/NIDA NIH HHS/United States; GR: HD060072/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/United States; GR: R01 HD060072/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/United States; GR: R03 DA023434/DA/NIDA NIH HHS/Un
Place of Publication
Ireland
ISSN/ISBN
1879-0046; 0376-8716
Accession Number
PMID: 21924844
Language
eng
SubFile
Journal Article; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; IM
DOI
10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2011.08.021 [doi]
Output Language
Unknown(0)
PMID
21924844
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Concerns about psychoactive prescription drug abuse among youth are growing worldwide, but the majority of published studies remain from the US and Canada impeding cross-cultural comparisons. This study examines the prevalence, sources, motivations and substance-use correlates of commonly abused medications among youth from Lebanon. METHODS: An IRB-approved cross-sectional study was conducted (May 2010) at the American University of Beirut. Proportionate cluster sampling was used to generate a representative sample of AUB students (n=570). A self-filled anonymous questionnaire was administered. RESULTS: Lifetime medical and nonmedical prevalence of medications were (respectively): pain (36.9%, 15.1%), anxiety (8.3%, 4.6%), sleeping (6.5%, 5.8%) and stimulants (2.6%, 3.5%). Gender differences were not observed. Lebanese were least likely to report non-medical use. Nonmedical users mostly used the drugs for their intended purpose (e.g., sleeping to help in sleep, stimulants to increase alertness). Parents and pharmacists (without a doctor's prescription) were the top two sources of all medications, except for stimulants (friends predominated). Diversion was observed in about 20% of the medical users. Lifetime marijuana users and past year alcohol abusers were three times as likely to use any prescription drug nonmedically. CONCLUSIONS: In Lebanon, as in Western cultures, a considerable proportion of youth may be self-medicating. The absence of medical supervision coupled with motivations such as "to get high" renders this issue a high priority on the national youth agenda. Besides larger more comprehensive surveys, the findings signal the immediate need to reinforce relevant policies, and raise awareness among youth, parents, health professionals and other stakeholders.
Descriptors
Links
Book Title
Database
Publisher
Elsevier Ireland Ltd
Data Source
Authors
Ghandour,L.A., El Sayed,D.S., Martins,S.S.
Original/Translated Title
URL
Date of Electronic
20110915
PMCID
PMC3654541
Editors
|
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| Isolation and identification of cultivable lactic acid bacteria in traditional yak milk products of Gansu Province in China | 2012 | Key Laboratory of Dairy Biotechnology and Engineering, Ministry of Education, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University. | Read more... |
|
Source Type
Print(0)
Ref Type
Journal Article
Periodical, Full
The Journal of general and applied microbiology
Periodical, Abbrev.
J.Gen.Appl.Microbiol.
Pub Date Free Form
Volume
58
Issue
2
Start Page
95
Other Pages
105
Notes
LR: 20131121; GENBANK/HM058717; GENBANK/HM058718; GENBANK/HM058719; GENBANK/HM058720; GENBANK/HM058721; GENBANK/HM058722; GENBANK/HM058723; GENBANK/HM058724; GENBANK/HM058725; GENBANK/HM058726; GENBANK/HM058727; GENBANK/HM058728; GENBANK/HM058729; GENBANK
Place of Publication
Japan
ISSN/ISBN
1349-8037; 0022-1260
Accession Number
PMID: 22688240
Language
eng
SubFile
Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; IM
DOI
DN/JST.JSTAGE/jgam/58.95 [pii]
Output Language
Unknown(0)
PMID
22688240
Abstract
Various traditional fermented yak milk and raw milk foods could be considered as an abundant resource for obtaining novel lactic acid bacteria (LAB) with unique properties. Eighty-eight samples of yak milk products were collected from Gansu Province in China. Three hundred and nineteen strains of LAB isolated from these samples were identified by phenotypic methods, 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis and PCR-Denaturing Gradient Gel Electrophoresis (PCR-DGGE) technology. Among the isolates, one hundred and sixty-four isolates (51.41% of the total) were classified under Lactobacilli, and one hundred and fifty-five (48.59%) belonged to cocci. All the isolates were classified to six genera (Lactobacillus, Lactococcus, Leuconostoc, Streptococcus, Enterococcus and Weissella) and twenty-one species. Lactobacillus helveticus (87 strains), Leuconostoc mesenteroides subsp. mesenteroides (49 strains), Streptococcus thermophilus (39 strains), Lactobacillus casei (31 strains) and Lactococcus lactis subsp. lactis (19 strains) were considered as the predominant populations in the yak milk products. The results showed that there were abundant genus and species LAB existing in yak milk products in Gansu Province in China. The obtained LAB pure cultures may be a valuable source for further starter selection.
Descriptors
Links
Book Title
Database
Publisher
Data Source
Authors
Bao,Q., Liu,W., Yu,J., Wang,W., Qing,M., Chen,X., Wang,F., Zhang,J., Zhang,W., Qiao,J., Sun,T., Zhang,H.
Original/Translated Title
URL
Date of Electronic
PMCID
Editors
|
|||
| Microwave-assisted extraction and dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction followed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry for isolation and determination of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in smoked fish | 2012 | Department of Food Science and Technology/National Nutrition and Food Technology Research Institute, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. | Read more... |
|
Source Type
Print(0)
Ref Type
Journal Article
Periodical, Full
Journal of chromatography.A
Periodical, Abbrev.
J.Chromatogr.A
Pub Date Free Form
11-May
Volume
1237
Issue
Start Page
30
Other Pages
36
Notes
CI: Copyright (c) 2012; JID: 9318488; 0 (Polycyclic Compounds); 2012/01/10 [received]; 2012/02/28 [revised]; 2012/02/29 [accepted]; 2012/03/10 [aheadofprint]; ppublish
Place of Publication
Netherlands
ISSN/ISBN
1873-3778; 0021-9673
Accession Number
PMID: 22483095
Language
eng
SubFile
Journal Article; IM
DOI
10.1016/j.chroma.2012.02.078 [doi]
Output Language
Unknown(0)
PMID
22483095
Abstract
A simple and efficient method was developed using microwave-assisted extraction (MAE) and dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction (DLLME) coupled with gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) for the extraction and quantification of 16 polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in smoked fish. Benzo[a]pyrene, chrysene and pyrene were employed as model compounds and spiked to smoked fish to assess the extraction procedure. Several parameters, including the nature and volume of hydrolysis, extracting and disperser solvents, microwave time and pH, were optimized. In the optimum condition for MAE, 1g of fish sample was extracted in 12 mL KOH (2M) and ethanol with a 50:50 ratio in a closed-vessel system. For DLLME, 500 muL of acetone (disperser solvent) containing 100 muL of ethylene tetrachloride (extraction solvent) was rapidly injected by syringe into 12 mL of the sample extract solution (previously adjusted to pH 6.5), thereby forming a cloudy solution. Phase separation was performed by centrifugation and a volume of 1.5 muL of the sedimented phase was analyzed by GC-MS in select ion monitoring (SIM) mode. Satisfactory results were achieved when this method was applied to analyze the PAHs in smoked fish samples. The MAE-DLLME method coupled with GC-MS provided excellent enrichment factors (in the range of 244-373 for 16 PAHs) and good repeatability (with a relative standard deviation between 2.8 and 9%) for spiked smoked fish. The calibration graphs were linear in the range of 1-200 ng g(-1), with the square of the correlation coefficient (R(2))>0.981 and detection limits between 0.11 and 0.43 ng g(-1). The recoveries of those compounds in smoked fish were from 82.1% to 105.5%. A comparison of this method with previous methods demonstrated that the proposed method is an accurate, rapid and reliable sample-pretreatment method that gives very good enrichment factors and detection limits for extracting and determining PAHs from smoked fish.
Descriptors
Links
Book Title
Database
Publisher
Elsevier B.V
Data Source
Authors
Ghasemzadeh-Mohammadi,V., Mohammadi,A., Hashemi,M., Khaksar,R., Haratian,P.
Original/Translated Title
URL
Date of Electronic
20120310
PMCID
Editors
|
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| Determination of volatile organic compounds in water using ultrasound-assisted emulsification microextraction followed by gas chromatography | 2012 | Department of Chemistry, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan. | Read more... |
|
Source Type
Print(0)
Ref Type
Journal Article
Periodical, Full
Journal of separation science
Periodical, Abbrev.
J.Sep.Sci.
Pub Date Free Form
Mar
Volume
35
Issue
6-May
Start Page
688
Other Pages
694
Notes
CI: (c) 2012; JID: 101088554; 0 (Volatile Organic Compounds); 0 (Water Pollutants, Chemical); 2011/07/12 [received]; 2011/11/27 [revised]; 2011/12/04 [accepted]; 2012/01/24 [aheadofprint]; ppublish
Place of Publication
Germany
ISSN/ISBN
1615-9314; 1615-9306
Accession Number
PMID: 22271628
Language
eng
SubFile
Evaluation Studies; Journal Article; IM
DOI
10.1002/jssc.201100610 [doi]
Output Language
Unknown(0)
PMID
22271628
Abstract
Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) are toxic compounds in the air, water and land. In the proposed method, ultrasound-assisted emulsification microextraction (USAEME) combined with gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) has been developed for the extraction and determination of eight VOCs in water samples. The influence of each experimental parameter of this method (the type of extraction solvent, volume of extraction solvent, salt addition, sonication time and extraction temperature) was optimized. The procedure for USAEME was as follows: 15 muL of 1-bromooctane was used as the extraction solvent; 10 mL sample solution in a centrifuge tube with a cover was then placed in an ultrasonic water bath for 3 min. After centrifugation, 2 muL of the settled 1-bromooctane extract was injected into the GC-MS for further analysis. The optimized results indicated that the linear range is 0.1-100.0 mug/L and the limits of detection (LODs) are 0.033-0.092 mug/L for the eight analytes. The relative standard deviations (RSD), enrichment factors (EFs) and relative recoveries (RR) of the method when used on lake water samples were 2.8-9.5, 96-284 and 83-110%. The performance of the proposed method was gauged by analyzing samples of tap water, lake water and river water samples.
Descriptors
Links
Book Title
Database
Publisher
WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim
Data Source
Authors
Leong,M.I., Huang,S.D.
Original/Translated Title
URL
Date of Electronic
20120124
PMCID
Editors
|
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| Phenotypic and phylogenetic analysis of lactic acid bacteria isolated from forage crops and grasses in the Tibetan Plateau | 2012 | Henan Provincial Key Laboratory of Ion Beam Bio-engineering, Zhengzhou University, 450052, Zhengzhou, Henan, P. R. China. | Read more... |
|
Source Type
Print(0)
Ref Type
Journal Article
Periodical, Full
Journal of microbiology (Seoul, Korea)
Periodical, Abbrev.
J.Microbiol.
Pub Date Free Form
Feb
Volume
50
Issue
1
Start Page
63
Other Pages
71
Notes
GENBANK/AB602799; GENBANK/AB602800; GENBANK/AB602801; GENBANK/AB602802; GENBANK/AB602803; GENBANK/AB602804; GENBANK/AB602805; GENBANK/AB602806; GENBANK/AB602807; GENBANK/AB602808; GENBANK/AB602809; GENBANK/AB602810; GENBANK/AB602811; GENBANK/AB602812; GEN
Place of Publication
Korea (South)
ISSN/ISBN
1976-3794; 1225-8873
Accession Number
PMID: 22367939
Language
eng
SubFile
Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; IM
DOI
10.1007/s12275-012-1284-5 [doi]
Output Language
Unknown(0)
PMID
22367939
Abstract
A total of 140 lactic acid bacteria (LAB) strains were isolated from corn, alfalfa, clover, sainfoin, and Indian goosegrass in the Tibetan Plateau. According to phenotypic and chemotaxonomic characteristics, 16S rDNA sequence, and recA gene PCR amplification, these LAB isolates were identified as belonging to five genera and nine species. Corn contained more LAB species than other forage crops. Leuconostoc pseudomesenteroides, Lactococcus lactis subsp. lactis, Lactobacillus brevis, and Weissella paramesenteroides were dominant members of the LAB population on alfalfa, clover, sainfoin, and Indian goosegrass, respectively. The comprehensive 16S rDNA and recA-based approach effectively described the LAB community structure of the relatively abundant LAB species distributed on different forage crops. This is the first report describing the diversity and natural populations of LAB associated with Tibetan forage crops, and most isolates grow well at or below 10 degrees C. The results will be valuable for the future design of appropriate inoculants for silage fermentation in this very cold area.
Descriptors
Links
Book Title
Database
Publisher
Data Source
Authors
Pang,H., Tan,Z., Qin,G., Wang,Y., Li,Z., Jin,Q., Cai,Y.
Original/Translated Title
URL
Date of Electronic
20120227
PMCID
Editors
|
|||
| Current tobacco use among middle and high school students--United States, 2011 | 2012 | Read more... | |
|
Source Type
Print(0)
Ref Type
Journal Article
Periodical, Full
MMWR.Morbidity and mortality weekly report
Periodical, Abbrev.
MMWR Morb.Mortal.Wkly.Rep.
Pub Date Free Form
10-Aug
Volume
61
Issue
31
Start Page
581
Other Pages
585
Notes
JID: 7802429; ppublish
Place of Publication
United States
ISSN/ISBN
1545-861X; 0149-2195
Accession Number
PMID: 22874835
Language
eng
SubFile
Journal Article; IM
DOI
mm6131a1 [pii]
Output Language
Unknown(0)
PMID
22874835
Abstract
Tobacco use continues to be the leading preventable cause of death and disease in the United States, with nearly 443,000 deaths occurring annually because of cigarette smoking and exposure to secondhand smoke. Moreover, nearly 90% of adult smokers begin smoking by age 18 years. To assess current tobacco use among youths, CDC analyzed data from the 2011 National Youth Tobacco Survey (NYTS). This report describes the results of that analysis, which indicated that, in 2011, the prevalence of current tobacco use among middle school and high school students was 7.1% and 23.2%, respectively, and the prevalence of current cigarette use was 4.3%, and 15.8%, respectively. During 2000-2011, among middle school students, a linear downward trend was observed in the prevalence of current tobacco use (14.9% to 7.1%), current combustible tobacco use (14.0% to 6.3%), and current cigarette use (10.7% to 4.3%). For high school students, a linear downward trend also was observed in these measures (current tobacco use [34.4% to 23.2%], current combustible tobacco use [33.1% to 21.0%], and current cigarette use [27.9% to 15.8%]). Interventions that are proven to prevent and reduce tobacco use among youths include media campaigns, limiting advertisements and other promotions, increasing the price of tobacco products, and reducing the availability of tobacco products for purchase by youths. These interventions should continue to be implemented as part of national comprehensive tobacco control programs and should be coordinated with Food and Drug Administration (FDA) regulations restricting the sale, distribution, and marketing of cigarettes and smokeless tobacco products to youths.
Descriptors
Links
Book Title
Database
Publisher
Data Source
Authors
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC)
Original/Translated Title
URL
Date of Electronic
PMCID
Editors
|
|||
| Personal exposure to volatile organic compounds in the Czech Republic | 2012 | Institute of Experimental Medicine, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Prague, Czech Republic. | Read more... |
|
Source Type
Print(0)
Ref Type
Journal Article
Periodical, Full
Journal of exposure science & environmental epidemiology
Periodical, Abbrev.
J.Expo.Sci.Environ.Epidemiol.
Pub Date Free Form
Sep
Volume
22
Issue
5
Start Page
455
Other Pages
460
Notes
LR: 20131121; JID: 101262796; 0 (Air Pollutants); 0 (Benzene Derivatives); 0 (Volatile Organic Compounds); 0 (Xylenes); 3FPU23BG52 (Toluene); 6WAC1O477V (4-xylene); J64922108F (Benzene); L5I45M5G0O (ethylbenzene); O9XS864HTE (3-xylene); Z2474E14QP (2-xyle
Place of Publication
United States
ISSN/ISBN
1559-064X; 1559-0631
Accession Number
PMID: 22669500
Language
eng
SubFile
Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; IM
DOI
10.1038/jes.2012.30 [doi]
Output Language
Unknown(0)
PMID
22669500
Abstract
Personal exposures to volatile organic compounds (VOCs) were measured in the three industrial cities in the Czech Republic, Ostrava, Karvina and Havirov, while the city of Prague served as a control in a large-scale molecular epidemiological study identifying the impacts of air pollution on human health. Office workers from Ostrava and city policemen from Karvina, Havirov and Prague were monitored in the winter and summer of 2009. Only adult non-smokers participated in the study (N=160). Radiello-diffusive passive samplers were used to measure the exposure to benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, meta- plus para-xylene and ortho-xylene (BTEX). All participants completed a personal questionnaire and a time-location-activity diary (TLAD). The average personal BTEX exposure levels in both seasons were 7.2/34.3/4.4/16.1 mug/m(3), respectively. The benzene levels were highest in winter in Karvina, Ostrava and Prague: 8.5, 7.2 and 5.3 mug/m(3), respectively. The personal exposures to BTEX were higher than the corresponding stationary monitoring levels detected in the individual localities (P
Descriptors
Links
Book Title
Database
Publisher
Data Source
Authors
Svecova,V., Topinka,J., Solansky,I., Sram,R.J.
Original/Translated Title
URL
Date of Electronic
20120606
PMCID
Editors
|
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| Effects of Leuconostoc mesenteroides starter cultures on microbial communities and metabolites during kimchi fermentation | 2012 | School of Biological Sciences, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, 156-756, Republic of Korea. | Read more... |
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Source Type
Print(0)
Ref Type
Journal Article
Periodical, Full
International journal of food microbiology
Periodical, Abbrev.
Int.J.Food Microbiol.
Pub Date Free Form
15-Feb
Volume
153
Issue
3
Start Page
378
Other Pages
387
Notes
CI: Copyright (c) 2011; JID: 8412849; 0 (DNA, Bacterial); 2011/09/06 [received]; 2011/11/20 [revised]; 2011/11/28 [accepted]; 2011/12/04 [aheadofprint]; ppublish
Place of Publication
Netherlands
ISSN/ISBN
1879-3460; 0168-1605
Accession Number
PMID: 22189023
Language
eng
SubFile
Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; IM
DOI
10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2011.11.030 [doi]
Output Language
Unknown(0)
PMID
22189023
Abstract
Kimchi fermentation usually relies upon the growth of naturally-occurring various heterofermentative lactic acid bacteria (LAB). This sometimes makes it difficult to produce kimchi with uniform quality. The use of Leuconostoc mesenteroides as a starter has been considered to produce commercial fermented kimchi with uniform and good quality in Korea. In this study, a combination of a barcoded pyrosequencing strategy and a (1)H NMR technique was used to investigate the effects of Leu. mesenteroides strain B1 as a starter culture for kimchi fermentation. Baechu (Chinese cabbage) and Chonggak (radish) kimchi with and without Leu. mesenteroides inoculation were prepared, respectively and their characteristics that included pH, cell number, bacterial community, and metabolites were monitored periodically for 40 days. Barcoded pyrosequencing analysis showed that the numbers of bacterial operational taxonomic units (OTU) in starter kimchi decreased more quickly than that in non-starter kimchi. Members of the genera Leuconostoc, Lactobacillus, and Weissella were dominant LAB regardless of the kimchi type or starter inoculation. Among the three genera, Leuconostoc was the most abundant, followed by Lactobacillus and Weissella. The use of Leu. mesenteroides as a starter increased the Leuconostoc proportions and decreased the Lactobacillus proportions in both type of kimchi during kimchi fermentation. However, interestingly, the use of the kimchi starter more highly maintained the Weissella proportions of starter kimchi compared to that in the non-starter kimchi until fermentation was complete. Metabolite analysis using the (1)H NMR technique showed that both Baechu and Chonggak kimchi with the starter culture began to consume free sugars earlier and produced a little greater amounts of lactic and acetic acids and mannitol. Metabolite analysis demonstrated that kimchi fermentation using Leu. mesenteroides as a starter was completed earlier with more production of kimchi metabolites compared to that not using a starter, which coincided with the decreases in pH and the increases in bacterial cell number. The PCA strategy using all kimchi components including carbohydrates, amino acids, organic acids, and others also showed that starter kimchi fermented faster with more organic acid and mannitol production. In conclusion, the combination of the barcoded pyrosequencing strategy and the (1)H NMR technique was used to effectively monitor microbial succession and metabolite production and allowed for a greater understanding of the relationships between the microbial community and metabolite production in kimchi fermentation.
Descriptors
Links
Book Title
Database
Publisher
Elsevier B.V
Data Source
Authors
Jung,J.Y., Lee,S.H., Lee,H.J., Seo,H.Y., Park,W.S., Jeon,C.O.
Original/Translated Title
URL
Date of Electronic
20111204
PMCID
Editors
|
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| Physical activity, obesity and gastroesophageal reflux disease in the general population | 2012 | Unit of Upper Gastrointestinal Research, Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet, SE-17176 Stockholm, Sweden. therese.djarv@ki.se | Read more... |
|
Source Type
Print(0)
Ref Type
Journal Article
Periodical, Full
World journal of gastroenterology
Periodical, Abbrev.
World J.Gastroenterol.
Pub Date Free Form
28-Jul
Volume
18
Issue
28
Start Page
3710
Other Pages
3714
Notes
LR: 20151119; JID: 100883448; OID: NLM: PMC3406423; OTO: NOTNLM; 2012/02/07 [received]; 2012/05/11 [revised]; 2012/05/26 [accepted]; ppublish
Place of Publication
China
ISSN/ISBN
2219-2840; 1007-9327
Accession Number
PMID: 22851863
Language
eng
SubFile
Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; IM
DOI
10.3748/wjg.v18.i28.3710 [doi]
Output Language
Unknown(0)
PMID
22851863
Abstract
AIM: To clarify the association between physical activity and gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) in non-obese and obese people. METHODS: A Swedish population-based cross-sectional survey was conducted. Participants aged 40-79 years were randomly selected from the Swedish Registry of the Total Population. Data on physical activity, GERD, body mass index (BMI) and the covariates age, gender, comorbidity, education, sleeping problems, and tobacco smoking were obtained using validated questionnaires. GERD was self-reported and defined as heartburn or regurgitation at least once weekly, and having at least moderate problems from such symptoms. Frequency of physical activity was categorized into three groups: (1) "high" (several times/week); (2) "intermediate" (approximately once weekly); and (3) "low" (1-3 times/mo or less). Analyses were stratified for participants with "normal weight" (BMI 30 kg/m(2)). Multivariate logistic regression was used to calculate odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs), adjusted for potential confounding by covariates. RESULTS: Of 6969 eligible and randomly selected individuals, 4910 (70.5%) participated. High frequency of physical activity was reported by 2463 (50%) participants, GERD was identified in 472 (10%) participants, and obesity was found in 680 (14%). There were 226 (5%) individuals with missing information about BMI. Normal weight, overweight and obese participants were similar regarding distribution of gender and tobacco smoking status, while obese participants were on average slightly older, had fewer years of education, more comorbidity, slightly more sleeping problems, lower frequency of physical activity, and higher occurrence of GERD. Among the 2146 normal-weight participants, crude point estimates indicated a decreased risk of GERD among individuals with high frequency of physical activity (OR: 0.59, 95% CI: 0.39-0.89), compared to low frequency of physical activity. However, after adjustment for potential confounding factors, neither intermediate (OR: 1.30, 95% CI: 0.75-2.26) nor high (OR: 0.99, 95% CI: 0.62-1.60) frequency of physical activity was followed by decreased risk of GERD. Sleeping problems and high comorbidity were identified as potential confounders. Among the 1859 overweight participants, crude point estimates indicated no increased or decreased risk of GERD among individuals with intermediate or high frequency of physical activity, compared to low frequency. After adjustment for confounding, neither intermediate (OR: 0.75, 95% CI: 0.46-1.22) nor high frequency of physical activity were followed by increased or decreased risk of GERD compared to low frequency among nonobese participants. Sleeping problems and high comorbidity were identified as potential confounders for overweight participants. In obese individuals, crude ORs were similar to the adjusted ORs and no particular confounding factors were identified. Intermediate frequency of physical activity was associated with a decreased occurrence of GERD compared to low frequency of physical activity (adjusted OR: 0.41, 95% CI: 0.22-0.77). CONCLUSION: Intermediate frequency of physical activity might decrease the risk of GERD among obese individuals, while no influence of physical activity on GERD was found in non-obese people.
Descriptors
Links
Book Title
Database
Publisher
Data Source
Authors
Djarv,T., Wikman,A., Nordenstedt,H., Johar,A., Lagergren,J., Lagergren,P.
Original/Translated Title
URL
Date of Electronic
PMCID
PMC3406423
Editors
|
|||
| Microbiological components in mainstream and sidestream cigarette smoke | 2012 | Dept of Laboratory Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden. Lennart.Larsson@med.lu.se. | Read more... |
|
Source Type
Print(0)
Ref Type
Journal Article
Periodical, Full
Tobacco induced diseases
Periodical, Abbrev.
Tob Induc Dis.
Pub Date Free Form
16-Aug
Volume
10
Issue
1
Start Page
13
Other Pages
Notes
LR: 20130402; JID: 101201591; OID: NLM: PMC3444954; 2012/06/08 [received]; 2012/08/08 [accepted]; 2012/08/16 [aheadofprint]; epublish
Place of Publication
England
ISSN/ISBN
1617-9625; 1617-9625
Accession Number
PMID: 22898193
Language
eng
SubFile
Journal Article
DOI
1617-9625-10-13 [pii]
Output Language
Unknown(0)
PMID
22898193
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Research has shown that tobacco smoke contains substances of microbiological origin such as ergosterol (a fungal membrane lipid) and lipopolysaccharide (LPS) (in the outer membrane of Gram-negative bacteria). The aim of the present study was to compare the amounts of ergosterol and LPS in the tobacco and mainstream (MS) and sidestream (SS) smoke of some popular US cigarettes. METHODS: We measured LPS 3-hydroxy fatty acids and fungal biomass biomarker ergosterol in the tobacco and smoke from cigarettes of 11 popular brands purchased in the US. University of Kentucky reference cigarettes were also included for comparison. RESULTS: The cigarette tobacco of the different brands contained 6.88-16.17 (mean 10.64) pmol LPS and 8.27-21.00 (mean 14.05) ng ergosterol/mg. There was a direct correlation between the amounts of ergosterol and LPS in cigarette tobacco and in MS smoke collected using continuous suction; the MS smoke contained 3.65-8.23% (ergosterol) and 10.02-20.13% (LPS) of the amounts in the tobacco. Corresponding percentages were 0.30-0.82% (ergosterol) and 0.42-1.10% (LPS) for SS smoke collected without any ongoing suction, and 2.18% and 2.56% for MS smoke collected from eight two-second puffs. CONCLUSIONS: Tobacco smoke is a bioaerosol likely to contain a wide range of potentially harmful bacterial and fungal components.
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Larsson,L., Pehrson,C., Dechen,T., Crane-Godreau,M.
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20120816
PMCID
PMC3444954
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