WTS database

Title	Pub Year Sort descending	Author	SearchLink
Indoor air pollution levels in public buildings in Thailand and exposure assessment	2009	Environmental Engineering and Technology, School of Environment Resources and Development, Asian Institute of Technology, Phatumthani 12120, Thailand.	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Environmental monitoring and assessment Periodical, Abbrev. Environ.Monit.Assess. Pub Date Free Form Sep Volume 156 Issue 4-Jan Start Page 581 Other Pages 594 Notes LR: 20131121; JID: 8508350; 0 (Benzene Derivatives); 0 (Particulate Matter); 0 (Xylenes); 0UZA3422Q4 (Sulfur Dioxide); 142M471B3J (Carbon Dioxide); 3FPU23BG52 (Toluene); 7U1EE4V452 (Carbon Monoxide); J64922108F (Benzene); L5I45M5G0O (ethylbenzene); 2008/0 Place of Publication Netherlands ISSN/ISBN 1573-2959; 0167-6369 Accession Number PMID: 18712485 Language eng SubFile Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; IM DOI 10.1007/s10661-008-0507-z [doi] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 18712485 Abstract Levels of pollutants including PM2.5 and PM2.5 composition (black carbon and water soluble ions), SO(2), NO(2), CO, CO(2), and BTEX (benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, xylene) were monitored for indoor and outdoor air at a university campus and a shopping center, both located in the Northern suburb of Bangkok. Sampling was done during December 2005-February 2006 on both weekdays and weekends. At the university, indoor monitoring was done in two different air conditioned classrooms which shows the I/O ratios for all pollutants to be below 0.5-0.8 during the weekends. However, on weekdays the ratios for CO(2) and most detected BTEX were above 1.0. The concept of classroom occupancy was defined using a function of the student number in a lecture hour and the number of lecture hours per day. Classroom 2, which had a higher occupancy than classroom 1, was characterized by higher concentrations of most pollutants. PM2.5 was an exception and was higher in classroom 1 (37 microg/m(3), weekdays) as compared to classroom 2 (26 microg/m(3), weekdays) which was likely linked to the dust resuspension from the carpeted floor in the former. Monitoring was also done in the shopping mall at three different sites. Indoor pollutants levels and the I/O ratios at the shopping mall were higher than at the university. Levels of all pollutants measured at the car park, except for toluene and CO(2), were the highest. I/O ratios of the pollutants at the mall were above 1.0, which indicates the relatively higher influence of the indoor sources. However, the black carbon content in PM2.5 outdoor is higher than indoor, which suggest the important contribution from outdoor combustion sources such as the traffic. Major sources of outdoor air pollution in the areas were briefly discussed. Exposure modeling was applied using the time activity and measured pollutant concentrations to assess the exposure of different groups of people in the study areas. High exposure to PM2.5, especially for the people working in the mall, should be of health effect concern. Descriptors Air Pollution, Indoor/analysis, Benzene/analysis, Benzene Derivatives/analysis, Carbon Dioxide/analysis, Carbon Monoxide/analysis, Environmental Exposure/analysis, Humans, Particulate Matter/analysis, Public Facilities, Sulfur Dioxide/analysis, Thailand, Toluene/analysis, Xylenes/analysis Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Klinmalee,A., Srimongkol,K., Kim Oanh,N. T. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic 20080819 PMCID Editors
3,3,6,6-Tetrakis-(hydroxy-meth-yl)-1,2,4,5-tetra-zinane tetra-hydrate	2009		Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Acta crystallographica.Section E, Structure reports online Periodical, Abbrev. Acta Crystallogr.Sect.E.Struct.Rep.Online Pub Date Free Form 4-Nov Volume 65 Issue Pt 12 Start Page o2988 Other Pages Notes LR: 20111209; JID: 101089178; OID: NLM: PMC2971896; 2009/10/28 [received]; 2009/10/29 [accepted]; 2009/11/04 [epublish]; epublish Place of Publication England ISSN/ISBN 1600-5368; 1600-5368 Accession Number PMID: 21578728 Language eng SubFile Journal Article DOI 10.1107/S1600536809045590 [doi] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 21578728 Abstract In the title compound, C(6)H(16)N(4)O(4).4H(2)O, the tetra-zinane mol-ecule lies across an inversion centre. The tetra-zinane ring adopts a chair conformation, and all imino H atoms occupy axial positions. In the crystal, adjacent mol-ecules are linked through O-Hcdots, three dots, centeredO, O-Hcdots, three dots, centeredN and N-Hcdots, three dots, centeredO hydrogen bonds with water mol-ecules generating a three-dimensional network. Descriptors Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Kongsutjarit,S., Thamyongkit,P., Muangsin,N., Chaichit,N., Petsom,A., Ng,S. W. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic 20091104 PMCID PMC2971896 Editors
Global air monitoring study: a multi-country comparison of levels of indoor air pollution in different workplaces	2009	Department of Surgical Oncology, National Cancer Centre, Singapore. dsokhn@nccs.com.sg	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Annals of the Academy of Medicine, Singapore Periodical, Abbrev. Ann.Acad.Med.Singapore Pub Date Free Form Mar Volume 38 Issue 3 Start Page 202 Other Pages 206 Notes GR: P50 CA111236/CA/NCI NIH HHS/United States; JID: 7503289; ppublish Place of Publication Singapore ISSN/ISBN 0304-4602; 0304-4602 Accession Number PMID: 19347072 Language eng SubFile Comparative Study; Journal Article; Multicenter Study; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; IM DOI Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 19347072 Abstract INTRODUCTION: A local study completed in Singapore, which was part of an international multi-country study that aims to develop a global assessment of exposure to second-hand smoke in indoor workplaces, gathered data regarding the indoor air quality of public areas. It was hypothesised that air would be less polluted in non-smoking venues compared to places where smoking occurred. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A TSI SidePak AM510 Personal Aerosol Monitor was used to sample and record the levels of respirable suspended particles (RSP) in the air. A broad range of venues were sampled in Singapore. The primary goal of data analysis was to assess the difference in the average levels of RSP in smoke-free and non smoke-free venues. Data was assessed at 3 levels: (a) the mean RSP across all venues sampled compared with the mean levels of smoke-free and non smoke-free venues, (b) levels in venues where smoking occurred compared with similar venues in Ireland, and (c) comparison between smoke-free and non smoke-free areas according to the type of venue. Statistical significance was assessed using the Mann-Whitney U-test. RESULTS: The level of indoor air pollution was 96% lower in smoke-free venues compared to non smoke-free venues. Averaged across each type of venue, the lowest levels of indoor air pollution were found in restaurants (17 microg/m3) and the highest in bars (622 microg/m3); both well above the US EPA Air Quality Index hazardous level of >or=251 ug/m3. CONCLUSIONS: This study demonstrates that workers and patrons are exposed to harmful levels of a known carcinogen and toxin. Policies that prohibit smoking in public areas dramatically reduce exposure and improve worker and patron health. Descriptors Air Pollution, Indoor/analysis/legislation & jurisprudence, Environmental Monitoring, Ireland, Restaurants, Singapore, Smoking, Workplace Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Koong,H. N., Khoo,D., Higbee,C., Travers,M., Hyland,A., Cummings,K. M., Dresler,C. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic PMCID Editors
The relation between coronary lesion distribution and risk factors in young adults	2009	Department of Cardiology, Gulhane Military Medical Academy, Ankara, Turkey.	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Anadolu kardiyoloji dergisi : AKD = the Anatolian journal of cardiology Periodical, Abbrev. Anadolu Kardiyol Derg. Pub Date Free Form Apr Volume 9 Issue 2 Start Page 91 Other Pages 95 Notes LR: 20131121; JID: 101095069; 0 (Lipoprotein(a)); 0LVT1QZ0BA (Homocysteine); ppublish Place of Publication Turkey ISSN/ISBN 1308-0032; 1302-8723 Accession Number PMID: 19357049 Language eng SubFile Journal Article; IM DOI Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 19357049 Abstract OBJECTIVE: In this cross-sectional, case-controlled study, we aimed to evaluate classical and novel risk factors in young patients with coronary artery disease (CAD), and the relation between coronary risk factors and coronary lesion distribution. METHODS: Fifty-three patients under age of 45 years with severe coronary artery stenosis on angiography (group A) and age matched sixty patients having normal or non-critical stenosis on coronary angiography (group B) comprised the study groups. Conventional (smoking, family history, diabetes, hypertension) and novel risk factors (lipoprotein (a), homocysteine) were compared between the groups. Moreover, the relation between risk factors, and coronary lesions distribution, including left main artery (LMA) or proximal or mid left anterior descending (LAD) artery and remaining coronary lesions was investigated. Logistic regression analysis was used to define confounding factors predicting severe CAD and coronary lesion distribution and ROC curve analysis was performed to determine the cut-off value of independent factors, which were assessed by logistic regression analysis. RESULTS: Smoking was more prevalent in group A compared to group B. Lipoprotein (a) and homocysteine levels were also higher in group A than group B. For group A and B median (max-min) values of lipoprotein (a) were 34 (2-174) mg/dl and 38 (2-203) mg/dl (p=0.038), respectively and homocysteine levels were 12.3 (5-56.6) micromol/L and 9 (1.4-19) micromol/L (p=0.012), respectively. Smoking and homocysteine were independent predictors of severe CAD in young patients according to logistic regression analysis with an Odds ratio of 3.7 (95% CI=1.572-8.763; p=0.002) and 1.2 (95% CI=1.045-1.341; p=0.008), respectively. For predicting significant CAD the cut-off value of homocysteine was 11.6 micromol/L with a sensitivity and specificity of 53% and 77%, respectively (AUC=0.637; 95% CI=0.542-0.725; p=0.008). Within group analysis in group A patients revealed that only homocysteine was an independent predictor of LMA or proximal or mid-LAD lesion presence with an odds ratio of 1.2 (95% CI=1.011-1.465; p=0.016). ROC curve analysis revealed a cut-off value of 12 micromol/L in predicting LMA or proximal or mid-LAD lesions with a sensitivity and specificity of 65% and 91%, respectively (AUC=0.735; 95% CI=0.594-0.850; p=0.002). CONCLUSION: In our study, we found that young patients with severe CAD had different risk profile with higher frequency of smoking and increased levels of lipoprotein (a) and homocysteine. While smoking status and homocysteine may be used for prediction of severe CAD in young individuals, only homocysteine predicted coronary lesion distribution in LMA and proximal or mid-LAD. Descriptors Adult, Cardiovascular Diseases/epidemiology/mortality/radiography, Case-Control Studies, Coronary Angiography, Coronary Stenosis/radiography, Coronary Vessels/pathology, Cross-Sectional Studies, Female, Homocysteine/blood, Humans, Lipoprotein(a)/blood, Logistic Models, Male, ROC Curve, Risk Factors, Smoking/adverse effects/epidemiology Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Koz,C., Celebi,H., Yokusoglu,M., Baysan,O., Hasimi,A., Serdaroglu,M., Uzun,M. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic PMCID Editors
Indoor concentrations of nicotine in low-income, multi-unit housing: associations with smoking behaviours and housing characteristics	2009	Department of Environmental Health, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02215, USA.	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Tobacco control Periodical, Abbrev. Tob.Control Pub Date Free Form Dec Volume 18 Issue 6 Start Page 438 Other Pages 444 Notes LR: 20151119; GR: 1 R01 CA111310-01A1/CA/NCI NIH HHS/United States; JID: 9209612; 0 (Tobacco Smoke Pollution); 6M3C89ZY6R (Nicotine); 2009/08/13 [aheadofprint]; ppublish Place of Publication England ISSN/ISBN 1468-3318; 0964-4563 Accession Number PMID: 19679890 Language eng SubFile Journal Article; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural; IM DOI 10.1136/tc.2009.029728 [doi] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 19679890 Abstract OBJECTIVE: An analysis of airborne nicotine measurements collected in 49 low-income, multi-unit residences across the Greater Boston Area. METHODS: Nicotine concentrations were determined using passive monitors placed in homes over a one-week sampling period and air exchange rates (AER) were sampled using the perfluorocarbon tracer technique. Residents were surveyed through a questionnaire about smoking behaviour and a visual inspection was conducted to collect information on housing characteristics contributing to secondhand smoke (SHS) exposure. Using a mass balance model to account for the air exchange rate, volume of the home and sorption and re-emission of nicotine on indoor surfaces, the effective smoking rate (SR(eff)) was determined for each residence. RESULTS: Nicotine levels ranged from the limit of detection to 26.92 microg/m(3), with a mean of 2.20 microg/m(3) and median of 0.13 microg/m(3). Nicotine measurements were significantly associated with the number of smokers in the household and the number of cigarettes smoked in the home. The results of this study suggest that questionnaire reports can provide a valid estimate of residential exposure to tobacco smoke. In addition, this study found evidence that tobacco smoke contamination in low-income housing developments is not limited to homes with smokers (either residing in the home or visiting). The frequent report of tobacco smoke odour coming from other apartments or hallways resulted in increased levels of nicotine concentrations and SR(eff) in non-smoking homes, suggestive of SHS infiltration from neighbouring units. CONCLUSION: These findings have important implications for smoking regulations in multi-unit homes and highlight the need to reduce involuntary exposure to tobacco smoke among low-income housing residents. Descriptors Adult, Aged, Air Pollution, Indoor/analysis, Boston/epidemiology, Environmental Exposure/analysis, Environmental Monitoring/methods, Epidemiological Monitoring, Female, Housing/statistics & numerical data, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Nicotine/analysis, Poverty Areas, Smoking/epidemiology, Tobacco Smoke Pollution/analysis Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Kraev,T. A., Adamkiewicz,G., Hammond,S. K., Spengler,J. D. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic 20090813 PMCID Editors
Cigarette smoking and the risk of Barrett's esophagus	2009	Division of Research, Kaiser Permanente, 2000 Broadway, Oakland, CA 94612, USA. ai.kubo@kp.org	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Cancer causes & control : CCC Periodical, Abbrev. Cancer Causes Control Pub Date Free Form Apr Volume 20 Issue 3 Start Page 303 Other Pages 311 Notes LR: 20151119; GR: F32 DK081271/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/United States; GR: K08 DK 002697/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/United States; GR: K08 DK002697/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/United States; GR: K08 DK002697-05/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/United States; GR: R01 DK 63616/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/United Place of Publication Netherlands ISSN/ISBN 1573-7225; 0957-5243 Accession Number PMID: 18853262 Language eng SubFile Journal Article; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural; IM DOI 10.1007/s10552-008-9244-4 [doi] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 18853262 Abstract INTRODUCTION: We examined the association between smoking and the risk of Barrett's esophagus (BE), a metaplastic precursor to esophageal adenocarcinoma. METHODS: We conducted a case-control study within the Kaiser Permanente Northern California population. Patients with a new diagnosis of BE (n = 320) were matched to persons with gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) (n = 316) and to population controls (n = 317). Information was collected using validated questionnaires from direct in-person interviews and electronic databases. Analyses used multivariate unconditional logistic regression that controlled for age, gender, race, and education. RESULTS: Ever smoking status, smoking intensity (pack-years), and smoking cessation were not associated with the risk of BE. Stratified analyses suggested that ever smoking may be associated with an increased risk of BE among some groups (compared to population controls): persons with long-segment Barrett's esophagus (odds ratio [OR] = 1.72, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.12-2.63); subjects without GERD symptoms (OR = 3.98, 95% CI 1.58-10.0); obese subjects (OR = 3.38, 95% CI 1.46-7.82); and persons with a large abdominal circumference (OR = 3.02, 95% CI (1.18-2.75)). CONCLUSION: Smoking was not a strong or consistent risk factor for BE in a large community-based study, although associations may be present in some population subgroups. Descriptors Adenocarcinoma/epidemiology, Adolescent, Adult, Aged, Alcohol Drinking/adverse effects, Barrett Esophagus/epidemiology, Body Mass Index, California/epidemiology, Case-Control Studies, Confidence Intervals, Confounding Factors (Epidemiology), Databases, Factual, Esophageal Neoplasms/epidemiology, Gastroesophageal Reflux/epidemiology, Geography, Humans, Incidence, Interviews as Topic, Logistic Models, Middle Aged, Obesity/complications, Odds Ratio, Precancerous Conditions/complications, Reproducibility of Results, Risk Factors, Smoking/adverse effects, Surveys and Questionnaires, Young Adult Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Kubo,A., Levin,T. R., Block,G., Rumore,G., Quesenberry,C. P.,Jr, Buffler,P., Corley,D. A. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic 20081014 PMCID PMC2649684 Editors
Alcohol types and sociodemographic characteristics as risk factors for Barrett's esophagus	2009	Division of Research, Kaiser Permanente, Oakland, California, USA.	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Gastroenterology Periodical, Abbrev. Gastroenterology Pub Date Free Form Mar Volume 136 Issue 3 Start Page 806 Other Pages 815 Notes LR: 20140914; GR: F32 DK081271/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/United States; GR: K08DK002697/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/United States; GR: R01 DK063616/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/United States; GR: R01 DK063616-05/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/United States; GR: R01 DK63616/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/United Sta Place of Publication United States ISSN/ISBN 1528-0012; 0016-5085 Accession Number PMID: 19111726 Language eng SubFile Journal Article; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; AIM; IM DOI 10.1053/j.gastro.2008.11.042 [doi] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 19111726 Abstract BACKGROUND & AIMS: Little is known about the effects of alcohol use and sociodemographics on the risk of Barrett's esophagus, a precursor to esophageal adenocarcinoma. We evaluated the association between alcohol use, alcohol type, sociodemographic profiles, other lifestyle factors, and the risk of Barrett's esophagus. METHODS: With the use of a case-control study within the Kaiser Permanente Northern California membership, patients with a new diagnosis of Barrett's esophagus (n = 320) diagnosed between 2002 and 2005 were matched to persons with gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD; n = 316) and to population controls (n = 317). We collected information using validated questionnaires during direct in-person interviews. Analyses used multivariate unconditional logistic regression. RESULTS: Total alcohol use was not significantly associated with the risk of Barrett's esophagus, although stratification by beverage type showed an inverse association for wine drinkers compared with nondrinkers (>/=7 drinks of wine per week vs none: odds ratio, 0.44; 95% confidence interval, 0.20-0.99; multivariate analysis). Among population controls, those who preferred wine were more likely to have college degrees and regularly take vitamin supplements than those who preferred beer or liquor, although adjustment for these factors or GERD symptoms did not eliminate the inverse association between wine consumption and Barrett's esophagus. Education status was significantly inversely associated with the risk of Barrett's esophagus. CONCLUSIONS: There are associations between alcohol types, socioeconomic status, and the risk of Barrett's esophagus. Although choice of alcoholic beverages was associated with several factors, multiple adjustments (including for GERD) did not eliminate the association between alcohol and Barrett's esophagus. Further research to evaluate the associations among socioeconomic status, GERD, and Barrett's esophagus is warranted. Descriptors Adult, Aged, Alcohol Drinking/epidemiology, Barrett Esophagus/epidemiology, Beer/statistics & numerical data, California/epidemiology, Case-Control Studies, Female, Gastroesophageal Reflux/epidemiology, Humans, Life Style, Male, Middle Aged, Risk Factors, Socioeconomic Factors, Wine/statistics & numerical data, Young Adult Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Kubo,A., Levin,T. R., Block,G., Rumore,G. J., Quesenberry,C. P.,Jr, Buffler,P., Corley,D. A. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic 20081127 PMCID PMC2675884 Editors
FÃstula de lÃquido cefalorraquÃdeo y meningitis por herida espinal penetrante con cuerpo extraÃ±o retenido	2010		Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Neuroeje Periodical, Abbrev. Pub Date Free Form Volume 23 Issue 1 Start Page 3 Other Pages 5 Notes ID: 581829 Place of Publication ISSN/ISBN Accession Number Language es SubFile DOI Output Language Unknown(0) PMID Abstract Las lesiones penetrantes por arma blanca a nivel espinal son relativamente raras. Estas lesiones podrÃan ser fÃ¡cilmente diagnosticadas al examen inicial o podrÃan tener complicaciones tardÃas que son incapacitantes y potencialmente letales. Algunas de estas lesiones requieren tratamiento neuroquirÃºrgico. Se presenta un cso en el cual un paciente con lesiÃ³n penetrante por arma blanca se complicÃ³ tardÃamente con una fÃstula de lÃquido cefalorraquÃdeo y meningitis bacteriana debido a cuerpo extraÃ±o retenido no diagnosticado inicialmente, fragmento de cuchillo. Descriptors Humans, Male, Adult, Wounds and Injuries, Wound Infection, Wounds, Penetrating, Cerebrospinal Fluid, Meningitis/etiology, Costa Rica Links http://pesquisa.bvsalud.org/ghl/resource/en/lil-581829 Book Title Database LILACS; http://www.globalhealthlibrary.net/ Publisher Data Source Authors GutiÃ©rrez DurÃ¡n,Francisco, Torres RodrÃguez,HÃ©ctor, Padilla Cuadra,Juan Ignacio Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic PMCID Editors
The association between current low-dose oral contraceptive pills and periodontal health: a matched-case-control study	2010	Faculty of Dentistry at the Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences in Yazd, Iran.	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full The journal of contemporary dental practice Periodical, Abbrev. J.Contemp.Dent.Pract. Pub Date Free Form 1-May Volume 11 Issue 3 Start Page 33 Other Pages 40 Notes LR: 20151119; JID: 101090552; 0 (Contraceptives, Oral); epublish Place of Publication United States ISSN/ISBN 1526-3711; 1526-3711 Accession Number PMID: 20461322 Language eng SubFile Comparative Study; Journal Article; D; IM DOI 1526-3711-686 [pii] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 20461322 Abstract AIM: This study assessed the influence of current oral contraceptive pills on periodontal health in young females. METHODS AND MATERIALS: Seventy women ranging in age from 17 to 35 years (mean 24 years) had a comprehensive periodontal examination. Their current and previous oral contraceptive pill use was assessed by a questionnaire. A periodontal assessment was performed that included recording the following: plaque index, gingival index, probing depth, and attachment level at six sites per tooth. The periodontal health of women taking birth control pills for at least two years was compared to that of women not taking an oral contraceptive. The control and test groups were matched for socioeconomic status, age, oral habits, occupation, and educational levels. RESULTS: Although there was no difference in plaque index levels between the two groups, current oral contraceptive pill users had higher levels of gingival inflammation and bleeding on probing. However, no significant differences were found regarding mean probing depths and attachment loss between the two groups. CONCLUSION: As birth control policies are advocated by most countries, and because oral contraceptives are the most widely used method for birth control, a need exists to assess the effects of oral contraceptives on the periodontal health of young women. Although additional studies are needed to better understand the mechanism of OC-induced gingivitis, female patients should be informed of the oral and periodontal side effects of OCs and the need for meticulous home care and compliance with periodontal maintenance. Descriptors Adolescent, Adult, Age Factors, Case-Control Studies, Contraceptives, Oral/therapeutic use, Dental Plaque Index, Educational Status, Female, Gingival Hemorrhage/classification, Gingivitis/classification, Humans, Occupations, Periodontal Attachment Loss/classification, Periodontal Diseases/classification/etiology, Periodontal Index, Periodontal Pocket/classification, Periodontium/drug effects, Social Class, Surveys and Questionnaires, Time Factors, Young Adult Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Haerian-Ardakani,A., Moeintaghavi,A., Talebi-Ardakani,M. R., Sohrabi,K., Bahmani,S., Dargahi,M. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic 20100501 PMCID Editors
Cigarette smoking and associated health risks among students at five universities	2010	Department of Family Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA 98105, USA. abigail@uw.edu	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Nicotine & tobacco research : official journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco Periodical, Abbrev. Nicotine Tob.Res. Pub Date Free Form Feb Volume 12 Issue 2 Start Page 96 Other Pages 104 Notes LR: 20151119; GR: 1R01 AA014685-01/AA/NIAAA NIH HHS/United States; GR: R01 AA014685/AA/NIAAA NIH HHS/United States; JID: 9815751; OID: NLM: PMC2902913; 2009/12/17 [aheadofprint]; ppublish Place of Publication England ISSN/ISBN 1469-994X; 1462-2203 Accession Number PMID: 20018947 Language eng SubFile Journal Article; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural; IM DOI 10.1093/ntr/ntp182 [doi] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 20018947 Abstract INTRODUCTION: While most college students and other young adults who smoke fall into the light and intermittent smoking (LITS) category, they remain at risk for tobacco dependence and other adverse health effects from their smoking. This study examines smoking patterns, tobacco dependence, and other health variables among students at five universities to better understand how to identify and address tobacco use and related risks in a college health clinic setting. METHODS: A health screening survey was completed by 2,091 college and graduate student volunteers seeking routine care at their university health centers or participating in a health class. Independent health variables were analyzed descriptively and in regression analyses with three levels of smoking (none, non-daily, and daily) and tobacco dependence to determine predictors and associated risks. RESULTS: Nearly a quarter of students reported any current smoking, 41% of whom reported smoking less than 1 cigarette/day (cpd). Of the daily smokers, 80% smoked less than 10 cpd but 45% met criteria for tobacco dependence. Any smoking was associated with high-risk alcohol use, risky driving, relational abuse, depression, less exercise, and utilization of emergency and mental health services. In regression analyses, students who experienced depression had more than double the odds of being dependent smokers (odds ratio [OR] = 2.32), as did those who reported abuse (OR = 2.07) or sought mental health counseling (OR = 2.09). DISCUSSION: Student health providers should be alerted to the multiple risks and comorbidities that occur among all smokers, including LITS, and intervene concurrently to help prevent or mitigate adverse outcomes that result from these conditions and behaviors. Descriptors Adult, Alcohol Drinking/epidemiology/psychology, Attitude to Health, Comorbidity, Depression/epidemiology/psychology, Female, Humans, Life Style, Male, Risk-Taking, Smoking/epidemiology/psychology, Students/psychology/statistics & numerical data, Surveys and Questionnaires, Tobacco Use Disorder/epidemiology, Universities, Young Adult Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Halperin,A. C., Smith,S. S., Heiligenstein,E., Brown,D., Fleming,M. F. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic 20091217 PMCID PMC2902913 Editors

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