WTS database

Title	Pub Year Sort descending	Author	SearchLink
Lactic acid bacteria diversity in fermented cabbage estimated by culture-dependent and-independent methods	2009	Department of Biology, Taiyuan Normal College, Taiyuan 030001, China. yanpingmei@sohu.com	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Wei sheng wu xue bao = Acta microbiologica Sinica Periodical, Abbrev. Wei Sheng Wu Xue Bao Pub Date Free Form Mar Volume 49 Issue 3 Start Page 383 Other Pages 388 Notes LR: 20120409; JID: 21610860R; 0 (RNA, Ribosomal, 16S); ppublish Place of Publication China ISSN/ISBN 0001-6209; 0001-6209 Accession Number PMID: 19623964 Language chi SubFile English Abstract; Journal Article; IM DOI Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 19623964 Abstract OBJECTIVE: To study the diversity of lactic acid bacteria (LAB) and dominant LAB in fermented cabbage. METHODS: Culture-dependent and -independent (16S rRNA gene clone libraries were constructed) methods were used to determine the composition of LAB in fermented cabbage. RESULTS: Ninety LAB isolated from fermented cabbage were identified as species of Lactobacillus and Leuconostoc, whereas 115 clones of the 16S rRNA gene sequence from fermented cabbage DNA were identified as Lactobacillus, Weissella, Pediococcus and Leuconostoc. CONCLUSION: The significant difference of the LAB compositions by the two methods implies that some specialized nutrients may lead to a distinctive selection of the dominant organisms. Lactobacillus plantarum appeared as the dominant species in fermented cabbage by both methods. Descriptors Brassica/microbiology, Fermentation, Food Microbiology, Lactobacillus/classification/genetics, Leuconostoc/classification/genetics, Pediococcus/classification/genetics, Phylogeny, Polymerase Chain Reaction, RNA, Ribosomal, 16S/genetics, Sequence Analysis, DNA Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Yan,P., Chai,Z., Xue,W., Chang,X., Kong,D., Zhang,H. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic PMCID Editors
Inflammation and intestinal metaplasia of the distal esophagus are associated with alterations in the microbiome	2009	Department of Pathology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York, USA.	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Gastroenterology Periodical, Abbrev. Gastroenterology Pub Date Free Form Aug Volume 137 Issue 2 Start Page 588 Other Pages 597 Notes LR: 20150201; GR: R01 AI063477/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/United States; GR: R01 AI063477-05/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/United States; GR: R01 CA097946/CA/NCI NIH HHS/United States; GR: R01 CA097946-04/CA/NCI NIH HHS/United States; GR: R01AI063477/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/United Sta Place of Publication United States ISSN/ISBN 1528-0012; 0016-5085 Accession Number PMID: 19394334 Language eng SubFile Comparative Study; Journal Article; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural; Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.; AIM; IM DOI 10.1053/j.gastro.2009.04.046 [doi] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 19394334 Abstract BACKGROUND & AIMS: Gastroesophageal reflux causes inflammation and intestinal metaplasia and its downstream sequelum adenocarcinoma in the distal esophagus. The incidence of esophageal adenocarcinoma has increased approximately 6-fold in the United States since the 1970s, accompanied with a significant increase in the prevalence of gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD). Despite extensive epidemiologic study, the cause for GERD and the unexpected increases remain unexplainable. Microbes are among the environmental factors that may contribute to the etiology of GERD, but very little research has been done on the esophageal microbiome, particularly in its relation to GERD. This is the first comprehensive reported correlation between a change in the esophageal microbiome and esophageal diseases. METHODS: Biopsy samples of the distal esophagus were collected from 34 patients. Host phenotypes were histologically defined as normal, esophagitis, or Barrett's esophagus (intestinal metaplasia). Microbiomes from the biopsy samples were analyzed by bacterial 16S ribosomal RNA gene survey and classified into types using unsupervised cluster analysis and phenotype-guided analyses. Independence between host phenotypes and microbiome types were analyzed by Fisher exact test. RESULTS: Esophageal microbiomes can be classified into 2 types. The type I microbiome was dominated by the genus Streptococcus and concentrated in the phenotypically normal esophagus. Conversely, the type II microbiome contained a greater proportion of gram-negative anaerobes/microaerophiles and primarily correlated with esophagitis (odds ratio, 15.4) and Barrett's esophagus (odds ratio, 16.5). CONCLUSIONS: In the human distal esophagus, inflammation and intestinal metaplasia are associated with global alteration of the microbiome. These findings raise the issue of a possible role for dysbiosis in the pathogenesis of reflux-related disorders. Descriptors Adult, Analysis of Variance, Barrett Esophagus/genetics/microbiology/pathology, Biopsy, Needle, Case-Control Studies, Confidence Intervals, Esophagitis/genetics/microbiology/pathology, Female, Gastroesophageal Reflux/microbiology/pathology/physiopathology, Humans, Immunohistochemistry, Intestinal Mucosa/microbiology/pathology, Intestinal Neoplasms/microbiology/pathology, Male, Metagenome/genetics/physiology, Metaplasia/pathology, Middle Aged, Odds Ratio, Precancerous Conditions/pathology, Streptococcus/genetics/pathogenicity, Tissue Culture Techniques Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Yang,L., Lu,X., Nossa,C. W., Francois,F., Peek,R. M., Pei,Z. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic 20090423 PMCID PMC2963147 Editors
2-(1H-Benzoimidazol-2-yl)-6-ethoxy-phenol	2009		Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Acta crystallographica.Section E, Structure reports online Periodical, Abbrev. Acta Crystallogr.Sect.E.Struct.Rep.Online Pub Date Free Form 14-Mar Volume 65 Issue Pt 4 Start Page o745 Other Pages 6 Notes LR: 20111209; JID: 101089178; OID: NLM: PMC2969036; 2009/03/02 [received]; 2009/03/05 [accepted]; 2009/03/14 [epublish]; epublish Place of Publication England ISSN/ISBN 1600-5368; 1600-5368 Accession Number PMID: 21582478 Language eng SubFile Journal Article DOI 10.1107/S1600536809008071 [doi] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 21582478 Abstract The title Schiff base compound, C(15)H(14)N(2)O(2), consists of two crystallographically independent mol-ecules, A and B. Mol-ecule A is almost planar, whereas mol-ecule B is slightly twisted, the dihedral angles between the benzimidazole group and the benzene rings being 2.65 (12) and 13.17 (15) degrees , respectively. The methyl group of mol-ecule B is disordered over two positions, with a refined site-occupancy ratio of 0.581 (7):0.419 (7). In each mol-ecule, intra-molecular O-Hcdots, three dots, centeredN hydrogen bonds generate S(6) ring motifs. In the crystal structure, both types of mol-ecules are linked via inter-molecular bifurcated N-Hcdots, three dots, centeredO hydrogen bonds into one-dimensional extended chains along [010] and form R(1) (2)(5) ring motifs. The crystal structure is further stabilized by inter-molecular C-Hcdots, three dots, centeredpi and pi-pi inter-actions [centroid-centroid distances = 3.4758 (16)-3.596 (2) A]. Descriptors Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Yeap,C. S., Kargar,H., Kia,R., Jamshidvand,A., Fun,H. K. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic 20090314 PMCID PMC2969036 Editors
Molecular characterization of extended-spectrum beta-lactamase-producing Escherichia coli isolates from chickens in Henan Province, China	2009	Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Science, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, PR China.	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Journal of medical microbiology Periodical, Abbrev. J.Med.Microbiol. Pub Date Free Form Nov Volume 58 Issue Pt 11 Start Page 1449 Other Pages 1453 Notes GENBANK/FJ405211; JID: 0224131; 0 (DNA, Bacterial); EC 3.5.2.- (beta-lactamase TEM-3); EC 3.5.2.6 (beta-Lactamases); EC 3.5.2.6 (beta-lactamase TEM-1); 2009/07/02 [aheadofprint]; ppublish Place of Publication England ISSN/ISBN 1473-5644; 0022-2615 Accession Number PMID: 19574412 Language eng SubFile Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; IM DOI 10.1099/jmm.0.012229-0 [doi] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 19574412 Abstract Extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL)-producing Escherichia coli has spread rapidly worldwide and poses a serious threat to human and animal health. This study collected 51 non-replicate E. coli isolates from 14 different chicken farms in Henan Province in China from December 2007 to August 2008. The prevalence of ESBL-producing E. coli, molecular characterization of the ESBL-related bla genes, including bla(TEM), bla(SHV) and bla(CTX-M), and the susceptibilities of these bacteria to various antimicrobial agents were determined. Thirty-one of the 51 isolates were positive for an ESBL phenotype and 29 of these isolates carried one or more bla genes. Twenty-two isolates harboured bla(TEM) genes and 15 isolates carried bla(CTX-M) genes (one CTX-M-14, three CTX-M-24 and 11 CTX-M-65). One isolate carried bla(TEM)(-57); the remaining bla(TEM) isolates carried bla(TEM-1) with one silent nucleotide base variation (T18C). We believe that this is the first study to report TEM-57 in E. coli isolates. All isolates harbouring bla(CTX-M-24) and bla(CTX-M-14) and five of the bla(CTX-M-65) isolates also harboured the bla(TEM-1) gene. To our knowledge, this study is the first to describe detection of CTX-M-65-producing E. coli isolated from chickens. None of the isolates contained the bla(SHV) gene. Conjugation experiments demonstrated that bla(CTX-M) and bla(TEM) genes could be transferred to E. coli DH5 alpha. The results indicate that ESBL frequency has reached an alarming level in chicken isolates in China, with TEM-1 and CTX-M-65 enzymes being the two predominant beta-lactamases detected. Descriptors Animals, Chickens/microbiology, China, DNA, Bacterial/analysis, Escherichia coli/enzymology/isolation & purification, Escherichia coli Infections/epidemiology/microbiology/veterinary, Molecular Sequence Data, Polymerase Chain Reaction, Poultry Diseases/epidemiology/microbiology, Sequence Analysis, DNA, beta-Lactamases/biosynthesis/classification/genetics Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Yuan,L., Liu,J. H., Hu,G. Z., Pan,Y. S., Liu,Z. M., Mo,J., Wei,Y. J. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic 20090702 PMCID Editors
Enhancement of bonding to enamel and dentin prepared by Er,Cr:YSGG laser	2009	Department of Restorative Dentistry and Biomaterials, The University of Texas, Dental Branch at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA. ali.obeidi@uth.tmc.edu	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Lasers in surgery and medicine Periodical, Abbrev. Lasers Surg.Med. Pub Date Free Form Aug Volume 41 Issue 6 Start Page 454 Other Pages 462 Notes CI: Copyright 2009; JID: 8007168; ppublish Place of Publication United States ISSN/ISBN 1096-9101; 0196-8092 Accession Number PMID: 19588530 Language eng SubFile Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; IM DOI 10.1002/lsm.20790 [doi] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 19588530 Abstract BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Erbium lasers are potential tools to remove caries and dental hard tissue but bond strengths of composites to those preparations are reported to be lower than conventional methods. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of mechanical excavation and/or chemical alteration on bond strength of composites to laser irradiated enamel and dentin. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Seventy-two premolars were ground to obtain flat enamel (E, n = 36) or dentin (D, n = 36) surfaces in both buccal and lingual cusps, divided into: LaserExcavation (LEx), LaserNo-excavation (LNex), and Bur (B) groups. The laser groups were irradiated for 10 seconds by Er,Cr:YSGG laser [4.5 W, 60% air, 80% water (enamel) 3 W, 60% air, 70% water (dentin)]. Irradiated surfaces in the excavation groups (Ex) were then mechanically smoothed with a dental excavator, prepared surfaces were then etched (37% H(3)PO(4)) for 20 or 40 seconds (enamel) and 15 or 30 seconds (dentin), washed (20 seconds), adhesive was applied(Single Bond Plus), and light cured (20 seconds). A composite cylinder (Filtek Supreme Plus) formed, placed and light cured (40 seconds). The specimens were stored (37 degrees C,48 hours), shear bond tested (1 mm/minute), and statistically analyzed (P < 0.05). RESULTS: Mixed-model ANOVA showed significant differences between enamel (P = 0.0091) and between dentin groups (P = 0.0035). Tukey/Kramer showed mean shear bond strength (SBS+/-SE) of EB40 (27.01+/-2.38 MPa) was significantly higher than ELNoExc20 (14.39+/-2.5 MPa) and ELExc40 (14.90+/-2.28 MPa). Also DB30 (17.57+/- 1.67 MPa) and DLExc30 (18.6+/-1.74 MPa) were significantly higher than DLNoExc15 (9.56+/-1.86 MPa). CONCLUSION: Increasing the etching time up to 40 seconds or excavation of the laser prepared surface (but not the combination) may increase the bond strength to the level of conventional methods in enamel but excavation has a greater influence in dentin. Also the combination of both methods [excavation+longer etching time (30 seconds)] exhibit significantly better results in dentin.Mode of failure study showed mechanical excavation in both enamel and dentin can significantly reduce the cohesive failure in tooth structure. Descriptors Adhesiveness/radiation effects, Dental Bonding, Dental Cavity Preparation/methods, Dental Enamel/pathology/radiation effects, Dental Etching, Dentin/pathology/radiation effects, Humans, Lasers, Solid-State, Shear Strength, Tissue Culture Techniques Links Book Title Database Publisher Wiley-Liss, Inc Data Source Authors Obeidi,A., McCracken,M. S., Liu,P. R., Litaker,M. S., Beck,P., Rahemtulla,F. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic PMCID Editors
Main microorganisms involved in the fermentation of Ugandan ghee	2009	Laboratory of Applied Microbiology, Graduate School of Agriculture, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan. marongol@hotmail.com	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full International journal of food microbiology Periodical, Abbrev. Int.J.Food Microbiol. Pub Date Free Form 15-Aug Volume 133 Issue 3 Start Page 286 Other Pages 291 Notes JID: 8412849; 0 (DNA, Bacterial); 0 (DNA, Fungal); 0 (Dietary Fats); 8029-34-3 (Butter); 2009/02/09 [received]; 2009/06/06 [revised]; 2009/06/08 [accepted]; 2009/06/17 [aheadofprint]; ppublish Place of Publication Netherlands ISSN/ISBN 1879-3460; 0168-1605 Accession Number PMID: 19577815 Language eng SubFile Journal Article; IM DOI 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2009.06.003 [doi] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 19577815 Abstract Ghee is widely produced from a traditional fermented butter-like product named mashita in western Uganda. However, no detailed studies have been done to identify the microorganisms involved in mashita fermentation. The aim of this study was to identify the microorganisms present at the end of mashita ripening using culture-dependent and culture-independent techniques. The most commonly identified species of lactic acid bacteria (LAB) in mashita using culture-dependent techniques were Lactobacillus paracasei, Lactobacillus helveticus, Lactobacillus plantarum and Lactobacillus perolens constituting 37.3%, 10.1%, 8.1% and 7.7% of total bacterial colonies isolated respectively. L. paracasei was the only bacterial species identified in all mashita samples by culture-dependent technique. Two of the four most commonly isolated LAB species (L. helveticus and L. plantarum) were also identified in mashita by a culture-independent method (PCR-DGGE). Other main LAB species identified in mashita by PCR-DGGE were Bifidobacterium sp., Enterococcus faecium, Lactobacillus brevis, Lactobacillus acetotolerans, Lactobacillus sp., Lactococcus raffinolactis, Lactococcus lactis subsp. lactis and Streptococcus salivarius. The main species of acetic acid bacteria (AAB) identified in the mashita using PCR-DGGE method were Acetobacter aceti, Acetobacter lovaniensis, Acetobacter orientalis and Acetobacter pasteurianus. PCR-DGGE identification of yeasts showed that Brettanomyces custersianus, Candida silvae, Geotrichum sp., Issatchenkia occidentalis, Issatchenkia orientalis, Kluyveromyces marxianus, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, and Trichosporon asahii were main yeast species in mashita. A. lovaniensis, A. aceti, and I. orientalis were identified in all the six mashita samples analyzed using PCR-DGGE method. Other microbial species were only found in some samples. These results indicate that LAB and yeasts, as in similar fermentation products, but also AAB are main microbial groups involved in mashita fermentation. Descriptors Bacteria/genetics/isolation & purification, Bacteriological Techniques/methods, Butter/microbiology, DNA, Bacterial, DNA, Fungal, Dietary Fats, Fermentation, Food Microbiology, Lactobacillus/genetics/isolation & purification, Sequence Analysis, DNA, Uganda, Yeasts/genetics/isolation & purification Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Ongol,M. P., Asano,K. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic 20090617 PMCID Editors
The opinions of employees about smoking in the workplace	2009	Katedra Zdrowia Publicznego, Uniwersytet Rzeszowski, Rzeszow. filip.osuchowski@wp.pl	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Przeglad lekarski Periodical, Abbrev. Przegl.Lek. Pub Date Free Form Volume 66 Issue 10 Start Page 801 Other Pages 804 Notes JID: 19840720R; 0 (Tobacco Smoke Pollution); ppublish Place of Publication Poland ISSN/ISBN 0033-2240; 0033-2240 Accession Number PMID: 20301940 Language pol SubFile English Abstract; Journal Article; IM DOI Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 20301940 Abstract Smoking is now a serious social problem in Poland and abroad. Unfortunately, adverse effects also affect the businesses in which the crews smoke tobacco. For several years a wide-ranging measures aimed at reducing the population of smoking employees can be observed, unfortunately their results are significantly below expectations. What must be noted is that the effectiveness of these projects to a large extent is determined by the opinion of the smoking part of the crew about the problem of smoking in the workplace. The aim of this work was to analyze the opinions of employees about smoking in the workplace. The selection of study group was expedient. The people tested were permanent employees of a large plant in Rzeszow. The research materials were the answers to the questions given to an anonymous survey. The survey contained 21 questions about their opinions to smokers and 17 questions about their opinions to non-smokers. The perception of risks arising from the smoking of tobacco by smokers and non-smokers was asked for, and their expectations towards the company. They were asked also the willingness to join special programs helping in quitting the addiction of smoking. The individuals who smoke at least one cigarette a day were recognized as daily smokers of tobacco (as defined by WHO). Those who used to smoke every day in the past or occasionally were considered as ex-smokers. (less than one cigarette per day). 4200 surveys were distributed in the plant. The filled - in forms with replies were received from 1412 workers, representing 33.6% of questionnaires distributed. All the surveys were put in order and checked on its merits. 1291 were classified as correct, what represented 30.7% of questionnaires distributed. The latest version of the program Statistica 8.0 was used for the statistical calculations. Test results show that 14.9% of employees smoke tobacco, and every third smoker is worried about the consequences of smoking. As far as opinions on the presence of smoking in the workplace are concerned, most workers believe (94.3%) that the employer should do everything to protect the non-smokers from having to inhale tobacco smoke. Only one in ten believes (11.4%) that talking about the harmfulness of smoking is the attack on the freedom of smokers, and argues that there is a lot of exaggeration in speaking about the harmfulness of smoking. As for the negative effects of smoking the most frequently mentioned are health consequences (36.6%). In a population of smokers 17.9% want to quit smoking very much and one in ten do not consider such possibility. What is comforting, however, is that 48.9% of respondents expressed opinions about joining the pro-health program which goal is to help in quitting smoking. The study shows that the vast majority of staff believes that the employer should protect the non-smokers from inhaling tobacco smoke and help the smoking employees in quitting smoking. More than half of all workers considered that the employer should help the employees to quit smoking addiction. Smokers worry about the health consequences resulting from tobacco smoking. Almost half of respondents expressed their willingness to join a program helping in releasing from the addiction of smoking, but a large group of smokers has not shown such an interest. Age and level of education do not affect the motivation to release from the addiction of smoking among smoking employees. Descriptors Adult, Female, Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Occupational Exposure/prevention & control/statistics & numerical data, Poland/epidemiology, Population Surveillance, Smoking/epidemiology/prevention & control, Smoking Cessation/statistics & numerical data, Tobacco Smoke Pollution/prevention & control/statistics & numerical data, Tobacco Use Disorder/epidemiology/prevention & control, Workplace/statistics & numerical data Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Osuchowski,F., Penar-Zadarko,B., Bukala-Siedlecka,I., Binkowska-Bury,M. Original/Translated Title Opinie pracownikow na temat palenia tytoniu w miejscu pracy URL Date of Electronic PMCID Editors
Application of chemometric assisted dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction to the determination of personal care products in natural waters	2009	Department of Chemistry, University of Ioannina, Ioannina 45110, Greece.	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Analytica Chimica Acta Periodical, Abbrev. Anal.Chim.Acta Pub Date Free Form 7-Sep Volume 649 Issue 2 Start Page 135 Other Pages 140 Notes LR: 20121115; JID: 0370534; 0 (Phthalic Acids); 0 (Polycyclic Compounds); 0 (Solvents); 0 (Water Pollutants, Chemical); 6O7F7IX66E (phthalic acid); 2009/05/28 [received]; 2009/07/07 [revised]; 2009/07/09 [accepted]; 2009/07/14 [aheadofprint]; ppublish Place of Publication Netherlands ISSN/ISBN 1873-4324; 0003-2670 Accession Number PMID: 19699389 Language eng SubFile Journal Article; IM DOI 10.1016/j.aca.2009.07.028 [doi] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 19699389 Abstract A rapid and simple method for the determination of two phthalates and five polycyclic musks in water samples using dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction (DLLME) mated to chemometrics and coupled to GC-MS was developed. Volume of extraction (CCl4) and disperser solvent (MeOH), pH, ionic strength, extraction time, centrifugation time as well as centrifugation speed were optimized in a 2(7-4) Plackett-Burman design. The obtained significant factors were optimized by using a central composite design (CCD) and the quadratic model between the dependent and the independent variables was built. The optimum experimental conditions of the proposed method were: 250 microL carbon tetrachloride, 0.62 mL methanol, 7.5 min centrifugation time, natural pH containing 0% (w/v) NaCl, while keeping centrifugation speed fixed at 4000 rpm. The calculated calibration curves gave high-level linearity for all target analytes with correlation coefficients ranging between 0.9970 and 0.9992. The repeatability and reproducibility of the proposed method, expressed as relative standard deviation, varied between 2.6% to 9.7% and 5.7% to 12.2%, respectively. The obtained LOD values were in the range of 8-63 ng L(-1). Descriptors Fresh Water/analysis, Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry/methods, Humans, Hydrogen-Ion Concentration, Osmolar Concentration, Phthalic Acids/analysis/isolation & purification, Polycyclic Compounds/analysis/isolation & purification, Solvents/chemistry, Water Pollutants, Chemical/analysis/isolation & purification Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Panagiotou,A. N., Sakkas,V. A., Albanis,T. A. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic 20090714 PMCID Editors
Candida spp. in vitro susceptibility profile to four antifungal agents. Resistance surveillance study in Venezuelan strains	2009	Mycology Department, National Institute of Hygiene Rafael Rangel, Caracas, Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela. mmpanizo@gmail.com	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Medical mycology Periodical, Abbrev. Med.Mycol. Pub Date Free Form Mar Volume 47 Issue 2 Start Page 137 Other Pages 143 Notes LR: 20141120; JID: 9815835; 0 (Antifungal Agents); 0 (Azoles); 0 (Pyrimidines); 0 (Triazoles); 304NUG5GF4 (Itraconazole); 7XU7A7DROE (Amphotericin B); 8VZV102JFY (Fluconazole); JFU09I87TR (Voriconazole); 2008/06/27 [aheadofprint]; ppublish Place of Publication England ISSN/ISBN 1369-3786; 1369-3786 Accession Number PMID: 18651308 Language eng SubFile Journal Article; IM DOI 10.1080/13693780802144339 [doi] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 18651308 Abstract The aim of this study was to determine in vitro susceptibility profiles of Venezuelan strains of Candida spp. to four antifungal agents. One hundred and forty five (145) isolates were recovered during a 1-year period (June 2006 to June 2007) from clinical specimens of patients with severe Candida spp. infections in 15 hospitals. In vitro susceptibilities to amphotericin B, fluconazole, itraconazole and voriconazole were determined by modified Etest. Non Candida albicans Candida spp. were the most frequently isolated yeasts (72.4%) in comparison with C. albicans (27.6%). Candida spp. strains showed MIC ranges between <0.002 and 0.5 mug/ml to amphotericin B. While none were found to be resistant to voriconazole, 5.5% and 27.6% of the test strains were resistant to fluconazole and itraconazole, respectively. C. albicans remains the most susceptible of the yeasts studied to fluconazole and itraconazole (P<0.05) when compared with non C. albicans Candida spp. C. krusei showed the greater cross-resistance to azoles, followed by C. glabrata, C. tropicalis and C. parapsilosis, while C. albicans isolates did not demonstrate this characteristic. It is very important to carry out the correct species identification of clinical yeast isolates because they show up variations in both distribution and susceptibility profiles according to the hospital, patient's underlying disease, clinical specimen analyzed, and the geographical region in which the studies were conducted. The Mycology Department of the INHRR is the national reference center responsible for antifungal resistance surveillance, performing the susceptibility tests with isolates recovered from hospitalized patients in public health centres which do not have mycological diagnosis laboratories. Descriptors Adolescent, Adult, Amphotericin B/pharmacology, Antifungal Agents/pharmacology, Azoles/pharmacology, Candida/classification/drug effects/isolation & purification, Candida albicans/drug effects/isolation & purification, Candidiasis/epidemiology/microbiology, Child, Child, Preschool, Drug Resistance, Fungal, Female, Fluconazole/pharmacology, Humans, Infant, Itraconazole/pharmacology, Male, Microbial Sensitivity Tests, Middle Aged, Population Surveillance/methods, Pyrimidines/pharmacology, Triazoles/pharmacology, Venezuela/epidemiology, Voriconazole, Young Adult Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Panizo,M. M., Reviakina,V., Dolande,M., Selgrad,S. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic 20080627 PMCID Editors
Consumer awareness and attitudes related to new potential reduced-exposure tobacco product brands	2009	Division of Cancer Control and Population Sciences, Tobacco Control Research Branch, National Cancer Institute, 6130 Executive Boulevard, Room 4039, Bethesda, MD 20892-7337, USA. paramark@mail.nih.gov	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Nicotine & tobacco research : official journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco Periodical, Abbrev. Nicotine Tob.Res. Pub Date Free Form Jul Volume 11 Issue 7 Start Page 886 Other Pages 895 Notes LR: 20151119; JID: 9815751; OID: NLM: PMC2722238; 2009/06/18 [aheadofprint]; ppublish Place of Publication England ISSN/ISBN 1469-994X; 1462-2203 Accession Number PMID: 19541949 Language eng SubFile Journal Article; IM DOI 10.1093/ntr/ntp082 [doi] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 19541949 Abstract INTRODUCTION: In recent years, there has been a proliferation of potential reduced-exposure tobacco products (PREPs) marketed that claim to be less harmful or less addictive, compared with conventional cigarettes. Tobacco control scientists have raised concerns about the potential adverse impact of marketing of these products for smoking prevention and cessation efforts. Although these products have not been widely used among smokers, there are few data available on consumers' awareness and attitudes toward these products. METHODS: Data were obtained from the 2003 and 2005 Health Information National Trends Survey, a nationally representative telephone survey of adults 18 years and older regarding health communication and associated beliefs and behaviors. Our study population consisted of 6,369 respondents in 2003 and 5,586 respondents in 2005, of whom 19% were current smokers and 28% were former smokers. RESULTS: In 2005, 45% of respondents had heard of at least one PREP product, while only 4.8% had actually tried one. Awareness and use were substantially higher among current smokers (55.6% and 12.7%). Awareness was highest for Marlboro Ultra Smooth (MUS) (30.2%), Eclipse (18.2%), Quest (7.8%), and Ariva (5.4%), while less than 2% for any other product. Of respondents who had tried a PREP, 50% cited harm reduction or assistance in quitting as a reason for trying the product and 30% believed that the product was less harmful than their usual brand. In the combined 2003 and 2005 dataset, 54.4% of current smokers stated that they would be "very" or "somewhat" interested in trying a cigarette advertised as less harmful, while only 3.2% of former smokers and 1.1% of never-smokers were interested. Among current smokers, interest was higher in females and non-Hispanic Whites, and among daily smokers, those who smoked 20 or more cigarettes per day and those who were not considering quitting. Smokers interested in PREPs were substantially more likely to rate their perceived lung cancer risk as high (40.3% vs. 8.3%) and to worry frequently about developing lung cancer (19.7% vs. 4%). DISCUSSION: These results suggest that there is a substantial level of interest among current smokers in cigarettes marketed with claims of reduced exposure or harm. Of particular concern is that "health conscious" smokers and heavy smokers not planning to quit may be especially vulnerable to PREP marketing messages and view such products as an alternative to smoking cessation. Descriptors Adult, Advertising as Topic/statistics & numerical data, Aged, Consumer Behavior/statistics & numerical data, Ethnic Groups/statistics & numerical data, Female, Health Education/organization & administration, Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Sex Distribution, Smoking/epidemiology/prevention & control, Smoking Cessation/methods/statistics & numerical data, Socioeconomic Factors, Surveys and Questionnaires, Tobacco Use Disorder/epidemiology/prevention & control, United States/epidemiology Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Parascandola,M., Augustson,E., O'Connell,M. E., Marcus,S. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic 20090618 PMCID PMC2722238 Editors

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