WTS database

Title	Pub Year Sort descending	Author	SearchLink
Water and hygiene: The case of North Carolina farmworkers	1986	Dept. of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, School of Public Health, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27514	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Journal of environmental health Periodical, Abbrev. J.Environ.Health Pub Date Free Form 1986/ Volume 49 Issue 1 Start Page 24 Other Pages 27 Notes Place of Publication ISSN/ISBN 0022-0892 Accession Number Language SubFile DOI Output Language Unknown(0) PMID Abstract This study uses a linear regression model to examine the determinants of reported personal hygiene practices of children in 87 migrant and seasonal farmworker families in eastern North Carolina. The results suggest that by ensuring that families have water piped into multiple taps in the house, handwashing is substantially increased and that by having access to heated water and showers, bathing of children, too, may be substantially increased. It is concluded that if hygiene practices of farmworkers are to be improved, enforcement of existing State and Federal legislation will have to be improved and amendments to this legislation enacted. Descriptors agricultural worker, child, geographic distribution, human, migrant worker, normal human, organization and management, personal hygiene, prevention, United States, water supply Links Book Title Database Embase Publisher Data Source Embase Authors Briscoe,J., Barron,W. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic PMCID Editors
Estimates of maximum or average cigarette tar, nicotine, and carbon monoxide yields can be obtained from yields under standard conditions	1986		Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Preventive medicine Periodical, Abbrev. Prev.Med. Pub Date Free Form Jan Volume 15 Issue 1 Start Page 82 Other Pages 91 Notes LR: 20151119; JID: 0322116; 0 (Smoke); 0 (Tars); 6M3C89ZY6R (Nicotine); 7U1EE4V452 (Carbon Monoxide); EIN: Prev Med 1987 Mar;16(2):290; ppublish Place of Publication UNITED STATES ISSN/ISBN 0091-7435; 0091-7435 Accession Number PMID: 3714662 Language eng SubFile Comparative Study; Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; IM DOI Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 3714662 Abstract Average yields of tar, nicotine, and carbon monoxide per liter of smoke and per cigarette were determined for 10 brands of cigarettes smoked under 27 different conditions (one standard and 26 nonstandard). Per cigarette yields were highly variable across smoking conditions due to differences in the total volume of smoke taken for analysis. The results of a simple linear regression analysis indicated that up to 95% of the variation in tar yield per cigarette could be explained by variations in the total volume of smoke produced per cigarette. Per liter yields for tar, nicotine, and carbon monoxide were almost constant over the conditions investigated. Since most smokers inhale less than this amount, yields per liter provide a rough estimate of the maximum amount to which a smoker might be exposed. Yields per liter, taken over all 26 conditions, are highly correlated with per cigarette yields under standard conditions. Consequently, values on one scale can be converted to the other, at least for the 10 brands investigated. The average conversion factor for tar, nicotine, and carbon monoxide is 2.5 when proceeding from milligrams per king-size cigarette under standard conditions to milligrams per liter. This relationship is true for both vented and nonvented cigarettes when ventilation holes are not blocked. Descriptors Carbon Monoxide/analysis, Methods, Nicotine/analysis, Plants, Toxic, Smoke/analysis, Smoking, Tars/analysis, Tobacco Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Rickert,W. S., Collishaw,N. E., Bray,D. F., Robinson,J. C. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic PMCID Editors
A bizarre case of penetrating trauma	1986	Department of Surgery, American University of Beirut Medical Center, P.O. Box 113-6044, Beirut	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Pediatric surgery international Periodical, Abbrev. Pediatr.Surg.Int. Pub Date Free Form 1986/ Volume 1 Issue 4 Start Page 252 Other Pages 253 Notes Place of Publication ISSN/ISBN 0179-0358 Accession Number Language SubFile DOI Output Language Unknown(0) PMID Abstract An unusual case of penetrating trauma to the trunk by a water pipe during a car accident is presented. The only serious internal injury was an avulsion of the lower pole of the spleen, which was suture-repaired successfully after debridement. The line of management since admission is discussed. Follow-up after 1 year shows an asymptomatic and normally functioning young man. Descriptors radioisotope, accident, adolescent, bone, case report, diaphragm, diaphragm perforation, human, injury, respiratory system, rib fracture, spleen, spleen injury, surgery, therapy Links Book Title Database Embase Publisher Data Source Embase Authors Slim,M. S., Srouji,M. N., Sankari,M., Georgi,B. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic PMCID Editors
A simple system to study the effect of sheesha smoke on animal models	1986	College of Medicine and Allied Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Saudi medical journal Periodical, Abbrev. Saudi Med.J. Pub Date Free Form 1986/ Volume 7 Issue 5 Start Page 451 Other Pages 454 Notes Place of Publication ISSN/ISBN 0379-5284 Accession Number Language SubFile DOI Output Language Unknown(0) PMID Abstract Descriptors carbon monoxide, hemoglobin, animal model, control group, intoxication, nonhuman, rat, tobacco Links Book Title Database Embase Publisher Data Source Embase Authors Sulaiman,M. I., Ardawi,M. S. M., Al-Fayz,S., Zahran,F. M. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic PMCID Editors
What should be our attitude towards the problem of permeation through pipes for drinking water supply	1986		Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full H2O Periodical, Abbrev. H2O Pub Date Free Form 1986/ Volume 19 Issue 5 Start Page 96; 99+83 Other Pages 96; 99+83 Notes Place of Publication ISSN/ISBN 0166-8439 Accession Number Language SubFile DOI Output Language Unknown(0) PMID Abstract The author briefly describes, in relation to the historical background, how the problem of permeation emerged. The large scale soil contamination discovered in 1980 in Lekkerkerk is pointed out. It was the motive for the Dutch government to start a legislative programme for abatement of soil contamination in the Netherlands. In addition it focussed the attention on the phenomenon of permeation. The author stresses the importance of a fundamental approach to the problem. In striving for a solution of the problem of permeation, the policy has to be focussed not too much on the application of non permeable water pipes but on practising the hygienic principle that waterpipes should not be laid in contaminated soil. Descriptors drinking water, abstract report, human, pipeline, prevention, water supply Links Book Title Database Embase Publisher Data Source Embase Authors Krul,W. E. M. C. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic PMCID Editors
Problem of smoking and snuffing in educational institutions	1986		Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Specialist Quarterly Periodical, Abbrev. Pub Date Free Form Volume 2 Issue 5 Start Page 131 Other Pages 45 Notes ID: 9003 Place of Publication ISSN/ISBN Accession Number Language english SubFile DOI Output Language Unknown(0) PMID Abstract Smoking addiction is the commonest addiction since last several generations. It is spreading very rapidly in our educational institutions. Therefore, it stimulated us to survey in the year 1977-78 by approaching 1000 educationists in schools, colleges and universities of Multan by involving different parameters, as in Annexure-I. Out of these 625 respondents honoured us with their valuable opinions which are discussed in this article. This highlights different factors conducive to hook up the individual in addiction and suggests preventive measures how to control it. It is difficult for a smoker to quit even though he knows it to be harmful. This is so because many of the ill-effects are subtle, slowly progressive and may take several years before they are of sufficient annoyance to cause him to consider quitting. The other addiction like Hookah, Beedi and Snuff have also been briefly considered. Our findings were compared with other studies particularly in Peshawar. Addiction of snuff and other adulteration with cigarette in Peshawar are more as compared to ours. The socio-economical/cultural and psychological aspects of the study were also considered. The campaign against smoking and other addictions under the cover of legislation was considered the most useful preventive measures against addiction. The epidemiology of the problem hints that smoking addiction is crippling disease causing chronic ill-health socio-economic degeneration. It is contagious in its own way. Smoking addiction has already assumed the shape of epidemic in Pakistan and if not properly combated by the medical profession and other agencies, it may further spread and become serious hazard to public. This article is primarily meant for members of the medical profession to become aware about the magnitude of the danger inherent in smoking, so that all our effort is made to eradicate this vice from our country Descriptors Smoking, Substance-Related Disorders, Socioeconomic Factors, Students Links http://pesquisa.bvsalud.org/ghl/resource/en/emro-9003 Book Title Database GHL; http://www.globalhealthlibrary.net/ Publisher Data Source Authors Malik,Ghulam Q. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic PMCID Editors
A water pipe/steam producer with circulating coal dust fuelling and gas desulfurizing installation inside the combustion chamber	1986		Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Periodical, Abbrev. WARME Pub Date Free Form 1986/ Volume 92 Issue 6 Start Page 99 Other Pages 103 Notes Place of Publication ISSN/ISBN Accession Number Language SubFile DOI Output Language Unknown(0) PMID Abstract Descriptors coal, nitrogen oxide, sulfur dioxide, air quality control, desulfurization, dust, flue gas, nonhuman, theoretical study Links Book Title EIN WASSERROHR-DAMPFERZEUGER MIT ZIRKULIERENDER KOHLENSTAUBFEUERUNG UND BRENNKAMMERINTERNER RAUCHGASENTSCHWEFELUNG Database Embase Publisher Data Source Embase Authors Wieser,R. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic PMCID Editors
Source of drinking water supply and transmission of guinea worm disease in Nigeria	1987	School of Public Health, University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, TX 77225-0186	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Annals of Tropical Medicine and Parasitology Periodical, Abbrev. Ann.Trop.Med.Parasitol. Pub Date Free Form 1987/ Volume 81 Issue 6 Start Page 713 Other Pages 718 Notes Place of Publication ISSN/ISBN 0003-4983 Accession Number Language SubFile DOI Output Language Unknown(0) PMID Abstract During 1982, ecological factors associated with freshwater pollution were investigated in Ider, a rural Nigerian community with endemic guinea worm infection. Data were collected on the quality of all pond wate sources, and on rainfall patterns and potable piped water available in the community. Pond water provided 76% of the total water used in Idere. This source of drinking water provided the classical ecological environment for the transmission of dracunculus medinensis, other helminth parasites and bacterial enteric infections. The bacteriological analysis of drinking water from the ponds reflects the absence of sanitary arrangements for human waste disposal in the community, as the ponds are collectors of storm run-offs. Okina, the spring-fed pond which was nearest to the households, was the most reliable year-round source of water to the community; however, Okina also contained the highest density of infective Thermocyclops and the highest faecal coliform (FC) to faecal Streptococcus (FS) ratio (FC/FS), thus providing a central reservoir for guinea worm and bacterial infections. The transmission season of guinea worm infection corresponded with the period of greatest water scarcity in Idere. The amount of potable water available to Idere residents in 1981 was 3-6 litres per person per day. Frequent mechanical breakdowns, electric power failures, lack of fuel to run the water pumping engines and the direct link of the water pipeline supplying water to Idere with a water pipeline serving another major city in the same district were some of the reasons for potable water shortage in the community. Descriptors drinking water, arthropod, bacterial infection, disease transmission, Dracunculus medinensis, Entamoeba histolytica, epidemiology, ethnic or racial aspects, Giardia, Dracunculus, hookworm, human, nematode, parasitosis, protozoon, Streptococcus, Strongyloides, trematode, Trichomonas, water pollution, helminthiasis Links Book Title Database Embase; MEDLINE Publisher Data Source Embase Authors Ilegbodu,V. A., Christensen,B. L., Wise,R. A., Ilegbodu,A. E., Kale,O. O. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic PMCID Editors
Tsetse ecology in a Liberian rain-forest focus of Gambian sleeping sickness.	1987	Kaminsky, R., Institut fÃ¼r Pflanzenbau and Tierhygiene in den Tropen und Subtropen, UniversitÃ¤t GÃ¶ttingen.	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Medical and veterinary entomology Periodical, Abbrev. Med.Vet.Entomol. Pub Date Free Form / Volume 1 Issue 3 Start Page 257 Other Pages 264 Notes Place of Publication ISSN/ISBN 0269-283X Accession Number Language SubFile DOI Output Language Unknown(0) PMID Abstract Investigations on tsetse ecology were undertaken in Bong County of Liberia during the dry season, October 1981 to February 1982, around villages where the human infection rate with Trypanosoma brucei gambiense Dutton was about 2%. Most tsetse captured in biconical traps were Glossina palpalis Robineau-Desvoidy and G. pallicera Bigot, with relatively few G. fusca Walker and G. nigrofusca Newstead. Swamps and water-gathering places were predominant habitats of all four species, but tsetse were also found in coffee and cocoa plantations. Breeding-places of G. palpalis were found in the leaf axils of oilpalm trees (Elaeis guineensis Jacquin), especially beside paths where people would risk being bitten. Bloodmeals of twenty-nine wild-caught G. palpalis were identified as mostly from man (fifteen) and bushbuck (Tragelaphus scriptus (Pallas] or other wild ruminants (eleven), plus three from reptiles. It is concluded that man may be the principal host of tsetse in the area, while man or bushbuck could be the main reservoir to T.b. gambiense infection. Most of the activity of G. palpalis occurs in the early afternoon from noon to 16.00 hours. Mean life-span of G. palpalis and G. pallicera, estimated from wing-fray age-groups, was consistent with the females, and to a lesser degree the males, having vector potential. Descriptors rain, African trypanosomiasis, animal, article, disease carrier, disease transmission, female, Liberia, male, physiology, tropic climate, Trypanosoma, Glossinidae Links Book Title Database MEDLINE Publisher Data Source Embase Authors Kaminsky,R. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic PMCID Editors
Nosocomial Legionnaires' disease following renal transplantation	1987	The Department of Transplantation Surgery, Huddinge University Hospital, 141 86 Huddinge	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Transplantation Periodical, Abbrev. Transplantation Pub Date Free Form 1987/ Volume 43 Issue 6 Start Page 847 Other Pages 851 Notes Place of Publication ISSN/ISBN 0041-1337 Accession Number Language SubFile DOI Output Language Unknown(0) PMID Abstract A cluster of five cases of Legionnaires' disease in renal transplant patients is described. They were treated with erythromycin and rifampicin, and all five survived. Two of them had rejected their grafts prior to their Legionella pneumonia; two rejected their transplants after reduction of immunosuppressive therapy to combat the infection. L pneumophila was present in the water distribution system of the hospital. Eradication measures included flushing the water pipes to the transplantation ward with hot and hyperchlorinated water, raising the warm water temperature to 60Â°C, and installing ultraviolet (UV) irradiation units on the warm and and cold water pipes to the ward. These measures were successful in that no new cases of legionellosis occurred afterwards. L pneumophila could subsequently not be demonstrated by culture in plastic shower hoses supplied with UV-irradiated water. L pneumophila could be demonstrated by direct fluorescent antibody technique, but nonspecific reactions cannot be excluded. A higher prevalence of elevated L pneumophila antibody titers was observed in patients nursed for more than four weeks in the hospital than in patients with a shorter hospital stay, in hospital staff members, or in the general population. It seems that, with appropriate control measures, transplantation activities need not be discontinued in the presence of a minor cluster of Legionnaires' disease in renal transplant patients. Descriptors clinical article, human, immunosuppressive treatment, kidney, kidney transplantation, legionnaire disease, priority journal Links Book Title Database Embase; MEDLINE Publisher Data Source Embase Authors Wilczek,H., Kallings,I., Nystrom,B., Hoffner,S. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic PMCID Editors

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