WTS database

Title	Pub Year	SearchLink
Initiation of a ring approach to infection prevention and control at non-Ebola health care facilities - Liberia, January-February 2015	2015	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full MMWR.Morbidity and mortality weekly report Periodical, Abbrev. MMWR Morb.Mortal.Wkly.Rep. Pub Date Free Form 15-May Volume 64 Issue 18 Start Page 505 Other Pages 508 Notes JID: 7802429; ppublish Place of Publication United States ISSN/ISBN 1545-861X; 0149-2195 Accession Number PMID: 25974636 Language eng SubFile Journal Article; IM DOI mm6418a6 [pii] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 25974636 Abstract From mid-January to mid-February 2015, all confirmed Ebola virus disease (Ebola) cases that occurred in Liberia were epidemiologically linked to a single index patient from the St. Paul Bridge area of Montserrado County. Of the 22 confirmed patients in this cluster, eight (36%) sought and received care from at least one of 10 non-Ebola health care facilities (HCFs), including clinics and hospitals in Montserrado and Margibi counties, before admission to an Ebola treatment unit. After recognition that three patients in this emerging cluster had received care from a non-Ebola treatment unit, and in response to the risk for Ebola transmission in non-Ebola treatment unit health care settings, a focused infection prevention and control (IPC) rapid response effort for the immediate area was developed to target facilities at increased risk for exposure to a person with Ebola (Ring IPC). The Ring IPC approach, which provided rapid, intensive, and short-term IPC support to HCFs in areas of active Ebola transmission, was an addition to Liberia's proposed longer term national IPC strategy, which focused on providing a comprehensive package of IPC training and support to all HCFs in the country. This report describes possible health care worker exposures to the cluster's eight patients who sought care from an HCF and implementation of the Ring IPC approach. On May 9, 2015, the World Health Organization (WHO) declared the end of the Ebola outbreak in Liberia. Descriptors Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Nyenswah,T., Massaquoi,M., Gbanya,M.Z., Fallah,M., Amegashie,F., Kenta,A., Johnson,K.L., Yahya,D., Badini,M., Soro,L., Pessoa-Silva,C.L., Roger,I., Selvey,L., VanderEnde,K., Murphy,M., Cooley,L.A., Olsen,S.J., Christie,A., Vertefeuille,J., Navin,T., McElroy,P., Park,B.J., Esswein,E., Fagan,R., Mahoney,F., Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic PMCID Editors
Ebola Virus Disease--Sierra Leone and Guinea, August 2015	2015	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full MMWR.Morbidity and mortality weekly report Periodical, Abbrev. MMWR Morb.Mortal.Wkly.Rep. Pub Date Free Form 11-Sep Volume 64 Issue 35 Start Page 981 Other Pages 984 Notes JID: 7802429; epublish Place of Publication United States ISSN/ISBN 1545-861X; 0149-2195 Accession Number PMID: 26355422 Language eng SubFile Journal Article; IM DOI 10.15585/mmwr.mm6435a6 [doi] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 26355422 Abstract The Ebola virus disease (Ebola) outbreak in West Africa began in late 2013 in Guinea (1) and spread unchecked during early 2014. By mid-2014, it had become the first Ebola epidemic ever documented. Transmission was occurring in multiple districts of Guinea, Liberia, and Sierra Leone, and for the first time, in capital cities (2). On August 8, 2014, the World Health Organization (WHO) declared the outbreak to be a Public Health Emergency of International Concern (3). Ministries of Health, with assistance from multinational collaborators, have reduced Ebola transmission, and the number of cases is now declining. While Liberia has not reported a case since July 12, 2015, transmission has continued in Guinea and Sierra Leone, although the numbers of cases reported are at the lowest point in a year. In August 2015, Guinea and Sierra Leone reported 10 and four confirmed cases, respectively, compared with a peak of 526 (Guinea) and 1,997 (Sierra Leone) in November 2014. This report details the current situation in Guinea and Sierra Leone, outlines strategies to interrupt transmission, and highlights the need to maintain public health response capacity and vigilance for new cases at this critical time to end the outbreak. Descriptors Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Hersey,S., Martel,L.D., Jambai,A., Keita,S., Yoti,Z., Meyer,E., Seeman,S., Bennett,S., Ratto,J., Morgan,O., Akyeampong,M.A., Sainvil,S., Worrell,M.C., Fitter,D., Arnold,K.E. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic 20150911 PMCID Editors
Postpartum contraceptive use and unmet need for family planning in five low-income countries	2015	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Reproductive health Periodical, Abbrev. Reprod.Health. Pub Date Free Form Volume 12 Suppl 2 Issue Start Page S11 Other Pages 4755-12-S2-S11. Epub 2015 Jun 8 Notes LR: 20160218; ClinicalTrials.gov/NCT01073475; GR: U01 HD040477/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/United States; GR: U01 HD040607/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/United States; GR: U01HD040636/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/United States; GR: U10 HD076457/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/United States; GR: U10 HD0764 Place of Publication England ISSN/ISBN 1742-4755; 1742-4755 Accession Number PMID: 26063346 Language eng SubFile Journal Article; Multicenter Study; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural; IM DOI 10.1186/1742-4755-12-S2-S11 [doi] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 26063346 Abstract BACKGROUND: During the post-partum period, most women wish to delay or prevent future pregnancies. Despite this, the unmet need for family planning up to a year after delivery is higher than at any other time. This study aims to assess fertility intention, contraceptive usage and unmet need for family planning amongst women who are six weeks postpartum, as well as to identify those at greatest risk of having an unmet need for family planning during this period. METHODS: Using the NICHD Global Network for Women's and Children's Health Research's multi-site, prospective, ongoing, active surveillance system to track pregnancies and births in 100 rural geographic clusters in 5 countries (India, Pakistan, Zambia, Kenya and Guatemala), we assessed fertility intention and contraceptive usage at day 42 post-partum. RESULTS: We gathered data on 36,687 women in the post-partum period. Less than 5% of these women wished to have another pregnancy within the year. Despite this, rates of modern contraceptive usage varied widely and unmet need ranged from 25% to 96%. Even amongst users of modern contraceptives, the uptake of the most effective long-acting reversible contraceptives (intrauterine devices) was low. Women of age less than 20 years, parity of two or less, limited education and those who deliver at home were at highest risk for having unmet need. CONCLUSIONS: Six weeks postpartum, almost all women wish to delay or prevent a future pregnancy. Even in sites where early contraceptive adoption is common, there is substantial unmet need for family planning. This is consistently highest amongst women below the age of 20 years. Interventions aimed at increasing the adoption of effective contraceptive methods are urgently needed in the majority of sites in order to reduce unmet need and to improve both maternal and infant outcomes, especially amongst young women. STUDY REGISTRATION: Clinicaltrials.gov (ID# NCT01073475). Descriptors Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Pasha,O., Goudar,S.S., Patel,A., Garces,A., Esamai,F., Chomba,E., Moore,J.L., Kodkany,B.S., Saleem,S., Derman,R.J., Liechty,E.A., Hibberd,P.L., Hambidge,K., Krebs,N.F., Carlo,W.A., McClure,E.M., Koso-Thomas,M., Goldenberg,R.L. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic 20150608 PMCID PMC4464604 Editors
Prevalence of Cigarette Smoking and Associated Risk Factors amongst Middle-School Students in Ongkharak District, Thailand	2015	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Journal of the Medical Association of Thailand = Chotmaihet thangphaet Periodical, Abbrev. J.Med.Assoc.Thai. Pub Date Free Form Oct Volume 98 Suppl 9 Issue Start Page S1 Other Pages 8 Notes JID: 7507216; ppublish Place of Publication Thailand ISSN/ISBN 0125-2208; 0125-2208 Accession Number PMID: 26817203 Language eng SubFile Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; IM DOI Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 26817203 Abstract BACKGROUND: Cigarette smoking is a common tobacco use which is the leading preventable cause of death in Thailand. Prevalence and risk factors of cigarette smoking are varied amongst communities. OBJECTIVE: The present study aimed to determine the prevalence and associated risk factors of cigarette smoking amongst middle-school students studying in the Ongkharak district, central Thailand. MATERIAL AND METHOD: A cross-sectional survey was conducted with students of the public schools in Ongkharak district, central Thailand, in 2013. Of 677 middle-school students (grade 7-9) who currently enrolled in the classes, 130 were randomly selected. Data on smoking as well as demographic characteristics were collected using an anonymous self- administered questionnaire which was modified from the 2013 Middle School Youth Risk Behavior Survey (YRBS) and translated into Thai. RESULTS: The prevalence of children who smoked or had smoked before was 24.6% (38.9% amongst males and 6.9% amongst females, p-value Descriptors Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Rerksuppaphol,L., Rerksuppaphol,S. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic PMCID Editors
Effects of lifetime tobacco, alcohol and drug use on psychological and behavioral problems among 10th grade students in Istanbul	2015	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full International Journal of Adolescent Medicine and Health Periodical, Abbrev. Int.J.Adolesc.Med.Health Pub Date Free Form Nov Volume 27 Issue 4 Start Page 405 Other Pages 413 Notes JID: 8506960; 2014/07/04 [received]; 2014/08/09 [accepted]; ppublish Place of Publication Germany ISSN/ISBN 0334-0139; 0334-0139 Accession Number PMID: 25460280 Language eng SubFile Journal Article; IM DOI 10.1515/ijamh-2014-0040 [doi] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 25460280 Abstract AIMS: The aim of this study was to determine the effects of life-time tobacco, alcohol, and substance use on psychological and behavioral variables among 10th grade students in Istanbul/Turkey. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This study employed a cross-sectional online self-report survey conducted in 45 schools from the 15 districts in Istanbul. The questionnaire featured a section about use of substances, including tobacco, alcohol, and drugs. The depression, anxiety, anger, assertiveness, sensation seeking and impulsiveness subscales of the Psychological Screening Test for Adolescents (PSTA) were used. The analyses were conducted based on 4957 subjects. RESULTS: Logistic regression analyses were conducted with each school with the related and behavioral variables as the dependent variables. Gender, tobacco, alcohol, and drug use being the independent variables. All four independent variables predicted the dependent variables. Lifetime tobacco and drug use had significant effects on all the subscale score, whereas lifetime alcohol use had significant effects on all the subscale scores other than lack of assertiveness, and male gender was a significant covariant for all the subscale scores. Drug use showed the highest effect on dependent variables. Interaction was found between effects of tobacco and alcohol on anxiety, whereas interactions were found between effects of tobacco and drugs on lack of assertiveness and impulsiveness. CONCLUSION: The findings suggested that male students with lifetime tobacco, alcohol or drug use have particularly high risk of psychological and behavioral problems. The unique effects of substance clusters on these problems may be useful in developing secondary preventive practices for substance use and abuse problems in Istanbul. Descriptors Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Evren,C., Evren,B., Bozkurt,M., Ciftci-Demirci,A. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic PMCID Editors
Public health response to commercial airline travel of a person with Ebola virus infection - United States, 2014	2015	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full MMWR.Morbidity and mortality weekly report Periodical, Abbrev. MMWR Morb.Mortal.Wkly.Rep. Pub Date Free Form 30-Jan Volume 64 Issue 3 Start Page 63 Other Pages 66 Notes JID: 7802429; ppublish Place of Publication United States ISSN/ISBN 1545-861X; 0149-2195 Accession Number PMID: 25632954 Language eng SubFile Journal Article; IM DOI mm6403a5 [pii] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 25632954 Abstract Before the current Ebola epidemic in West Africa, there were few documented cases of symptomatic Ebola patients traveling by commercial airline, and no evidence of transmission to passengers or crew members during airline travel. In July 2014 two persons with confirmed Ebola virus infection who were infected early in the Nigeria outbreak traveled by commercial airline while symptomatic, involving a total of four flights (two international flights and two Nigeria domestic flights). It is not clear what symptoms either of these two passengers experienced during flight; however, one collapsed in the airport shortly after landing, and the other was documented to have fever, vomiting, and diarrhea on the day the flight arrived. Neither infected passenger transmitted Ebola to other passengers or crew on these flights. In October 2014, another airline passenger, a U.S. health care worker who had traveled domestically on two commercial flights, was confirmed to have Ebola virus infection. Given that the time of onset of symptoms was uncertain, an Ebola airline contact investigation in the United States was conducted. In total, follow-up was conducted for 268 contacts in nine states, including all 247 passengers from both flights, 12 flight crew members, eight cleaning crew members, and one federal airport worker (81 of these contacts were documented in a report published previously). All contacts were accounted for by state and local jurisdictions and followed until completion of their 21-day incubation periods. No secondary cases of Ebola were identified in this investigation, confirming that transmission of Ebola during commercial air travel did not occur. Descriptors Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Regan,J.J., Jungerman,R., Montiel,S.H., Newsome,K., Objio,T., Washburn,F., Roland,E., Petersen,E., Twentyman,E., Olaiya,O., Naughton,M., Alvarado-Ramy,F., Lippold,S.A., Tabony,L., McCarty,C.L., Kinsey,C.B., Barnes,M., Black,S., Azzam,I., Stanek,D., Sweitzer,J., Valiani,A., Kohl,K.S., Brown,C., Pesik,N., Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic PMCID Editors
Ebola virus disease in a humanitarian aid worker - New York City, October 2014	2015	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full MMWR.Morbidity and mortality weekly report Periodical, Abbrev. MMWR Morb.Mortal.Wkly.Rep. Pub Date Free Form 3-Apr Volume 64 Issue 12 Start Page 321 Other Pages 323 Notes JID: 7802429; ppublish Place of Publication United States ISSN/ISBN 1545-861X; 0149-2195 Accession Number PMID: 25837242 Language eng SubFile Case Reports; Journal Article; IM DOI mm6412a3 [pii] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 25837242 Abstract In late October 2014, Ebola virus disease (Ebola) was diagnosed in a humanitarian aid worker who recently returned from West Africa to New York City (NYC). The NYC Department of Health and Mental Hygiene (DOHMH) actively monitored three close contacts of the patient and 114 health care personnel. No secondary cases of Ebola were detected. In collaboration with local and state partners, DOHMH had developed protocols to respond to such an event beginning in July 2014. These protocols included safely transporting a person at the first report of symptoms to a local hospital prepared to treat a patient with Ebola, laboratory testing for Ebola, and monitoring of contacts. In response to this single case of Ebola, initial health care worker active monitoring protocols needed modification to improve clarity about what types of exposure should be monitored. The response costs were high in both human resources and money: DOHMH alone spent $4.3 million. However, preparedness activities that include planning and practice in effectively monitoring the health of workers involved in Ebola patient care can help prevent transmission of Ebola. Descriptors Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Yacisin,K., Balter,S., Fine,A., Weiss,D., Ackelsberg,J., Prezant,D., Wilson,R., Starr,D., Rakeman,J., Raphael,M., Quinn,C., Toprani,A., Clark,N., Link,N., Daskalakis,D., Maybank,A., Layton,M., Varma,J.K., Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic PMCID Editors
Monitoring Exposure to Ebola and Health of U.S. Military Personnel Deployed in Support of Ebola Control Efforts - Liberia, October 25, 2014-February 27, 2015	2015	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full MMWR.Morbidity and mortality weekly report Periodical, Abbrev. MMWR Morb.Mortal.Wkly.Rep. Pub Date Free Form 3-Jul Volume 64 Issue 25 Start Page 690 Other Pages 694 Notes JID: 7802429; ppublish Place of Publication United States ISSN/ISBN 1545-861X; 0149-2195 Accession Number PMID: 26135589 Language eng SubFile Journal Article; IM DOI mm6425a2 [pii] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 26135589 Abstract In response to the unprecedented Ebola virus disease (Ebola) outbreak in West Africa, the U.S. government deployed approximately 2,500 military personnel to support the government of Liberia. Their primary missions were to construct Ebola treatment units (ETUs), train health care workers to staff ETUs, and provide laboratory testing capacity for Ebola. Service members were explicitly prohibited from engaging in activities that could result in close contact with an Ebola-infected patient or coming in contact with the remains of persons who had died from unknown causes. Military units performed twice-daily monitoring of temperature and review of exposures and symptoms ("unit monitoring") on all persons throughout deployment, exit screening at the time of departure from Liberia, and post-deployment monitoring for 21 days at segregated, controlled monitoring areas on U.S. military installations. A total of 32 persons developed a fever during deployment from October 25, 2014, through February 27, 2015; none had a known Ebola exposure or developed Ebola infection. Monitoring of all deployed service members revealed no Ebola exposures or infections. Given their activity restrictions and comprehensive monitoring while deployed to Liberia, U.S. military personnel constitute a unique population with a lower risk for Ebola exposure compared with those working in the country without such measures. Descriptors Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Cardile,A.P., Murray,C.K., Littell,C.T., Shah,N.J., Fandre,M.N., Drinkwater,D.C., Markelz,B.P., Vento,T.J. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic PMCID Editors
A systematic review of transitions between cigarette and smokeless tobacco product use in the United States	2015	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full BMC public health Periodical, Abbrev. BMC Public Health Pub Date Free Form 18-Mar Volume 15 Issue Start Page 258 Other Pages 015-1594-8 Notes LR: 20160223; GR: P01 HD031921/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/United States; JID: 100968562; OID: NLM: PMC4377056; 2014/07/01 [received]; 2015/02/27 [accepted]; 2015/03/18 [aheadofprint]; epublish Place of Publication England ISSN/ISBN 1471-2458; 1471-2458 Accession Number PMID: 25849604 Language eng SubFile Journal Article; Review; IM DOI 10.1186/s12889-015-1594-8 [doi] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 25849604 Abstract BACKGROUND: Smokeless tobacco use is becoming an increasingly important public health issue in the US and may influence cigarette smoking behavior. Systematic information on transitions between smokeless tobacco and cigarette use in the US is limited. METHODS: We conducted a systematic review of published literature on transitions between smokeless tobacco and cigarette use in the US. We searched PubMed, Web of Science and EbscoHost databases for all published articles from January 2000 to March 2014 that presented estimates of transitions in US youth and adult study populations over time between at least one of the following tobacco use states: exclusive cigarette smoking, exclusive smokeless tobacco use, dual use of both products, and use of neither product. We excluded non-English language studies, studies published before 2000, clinical trials, controlled cessation programs, and clinical studies or evaluations of smokeless tobacco cessation programs. RESULTS: The review identified six studies on US populations published since 2000 with longitudinal data on some or all of the transitions that users can undergo between smokeless tobacco and cigarette use. There was considerable heterogeneity across studies in design and tobacco use definitions. Despite these differences, the existing data indicate that switching behaviors from exclusive smoking to exclusive smokeless tobacco use are limited (adults: 0%-1.4%, adolescents: 0.8%-3.8%) but may be more common from exclusive smokeless tobacco use to exclusive smoking (adults: 0.9%-26.6%, adolescents: 16.6%-25.5%). Among adults, exclusive cigarette smoking was generally stable and consistent (79.7% to 87.6%) over follow-up across studies but less stable in adolescents (46.8%-78.7%). Exclusive smokeless tobacco use was less stable than exclusive cigarette smoking over time (adults: 59.4%-76.6%, adolescents: 26.2%-44.8%). CONCLUSION: This review provides published estimates of the proportions of adults and adolescents transitioning between tobacco use categories from the most recently available studies on longitudinal transitions between smokeless tobacco and cigarettes in the US. These data can be used to track tobacco use behaviors and evaluate their effect on public health; however, the data for these studies were generally collected more than a decade ago. Additional research including nationally representative longitudinal estimates using consistent definitions and designs, would improve understanding of current tobacco transition behaviors. Descriptors Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Tam,J., Day,H.R., Rostron,B.L., Apelberg,B.J. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic 20150318 PMCID PMC4377056 Editors
Levels of exhaled carbon monoxide in healthy active and passive smokers	2015	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Przeglad lekarski Periodical, Abbrev. Przegl.Lek. Pub Date Free Form Volume 72 Issue 3 Start Page 99 Other Pages 102 Notes JID: 19840720R; 0 (Tobacco Smoke Pollution); 7U1EE4V452 (Carbon Monoxide); ppublish Place of Publication Poland ISSN/ISBN 0033-2240; 0033-2240 Accession Number PMID: 26731862 Language eng SubFile Clinical Study; Journal Article; IM DOI Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 26731862 Abstract BACKGROUND: Cigarette smoke is the major and most common indoor source of carbon monoxide. CO combines with haemoglobin to form carboxyhaemoglobin (COHb) which hinders oxygen transport and causes myocardial infarction and coronary heart disease. CO damages the endothelium of large and medium arteries and contributes to the development of atherosclerosis. MATERIAL AND METHOD: Participants in the study included 148 active and 306 passive smokers. In both groups the largest proportion of respondents were aged 30-49. Numbers of male and female participants were identical among the active smokers, while the majority of the passive smokers were women. Majority of the participants in both groups lived in large towns (over 100,000 inhabitants). The levels of exhaled CO were measured with Micro+smokerlyzer distributed in Poland by Synecpol. Every participant was provided with relevant instructions and the test was conducted by trained researchers. RESULTS: The mean level of exhaled carbon monoxide in active smokers was 12.57 ppm with higher levels found in men. The highest mean level of eCO was found in participants with body weight between 60 kg and 80 kg (mean eCO = 13.39 ppm). The highest levels were observed in participants living in towns with 51,000-100,000 inhabitants. In passive smokers, the mean level of exhaled carbon monoxide was 3.55 +/- 1.26 ppm with higher levels found in men. CONCLUSIONS: For non-smokers, the study identified a significant relationship between the level of exhaled CO and the participants' gender (p Descriptors Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Krzych-Falta,E., Modzelewska,D., Samolinski,B. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic PMCID Editors

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