WTS database | WHO FCTC

Title	Pub Year	Author Sort descending	SearchLink
Opportunistic insights into occupational health hazards associated with waterpipe tobacco smoking premises in the United Kingdom	2015	Queen Mary, University of London, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Institute of Dentistry, London, UK E-mail : s.kassim@qmul.ac.uk.	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention : APJCP Periodical, Abbrev. Asian Pac.J.Cancer.Prev. Pub Date Free Form Volume 16 Issue 2 Start Page 621 Other Pages 626 Notes JID: 101130625; 0 (Tobacco Smoke Pollution); 7U1EE4V452 (Carbon Monoxide); ppublish Place of Publication Thailand ISSN/ISBN 1513-7368; 1513-7368 Accession Number PMID: 25684497 Language eng SubFile Journal Article; IM DOI Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 25684497 Abstract BACKGROUND: Smokefree laws aim to protect employees and the public from the dangers of secondhand smoke. Waterpipe premises have significantly increased in number in the last decade, with anecdotal reports of poor compliance with the smokefree law. The literature is bereft of information pertaining to waterpipe premise employees. This study aimed to opportunistically gather knowledge about the occupational health hazards associated with working in waterpipe premises in London, England. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Employees from seven convenience-sampled, smokefree-compliant waterpipe premises in London were observed for occupational activities. Opportunistic carbon monoxide (CO) measurements were made among those with whom a rapport had developed. Observations were thematically coded and analysed. RESULTS: Occupational hazards mainly included environmental smoke exposure. Waterpipe-serving employees were required to draw several puffs soon after igniting the coals, thereby providing quality assurance of the product. Median CO levels were 27.5 ppm (range 21-55 ppm) among these employees. Self-reported employee health was poor, with some suggestion that working patterns and smoke exposure was a contributory factor. CONCLUSIONS: The smokefree law in England does not appear to protect waterpipe premise employees from high levels of CO. Continued concerns surrounding chronic smoke exposure may contribute to poor self-reported physical and mental wellbeing. Descriptors Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Al-Bakri,A., Jawad,M., Salameh,P., al'Absi,M., Kassim,S. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic PMCID Editors
The Queensland cholera incident of 1977. 2. The epidemiological investigation	1980	Queensland Dept. Hlth, Brisbane 4000	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Bulletin of the World Health Organization Periodical, Abbrev. BULL.WHO Pub Date Free Form 1980/ Volume 58 Issue 4 Start Page 665 Other Pages 669 Notes Place of Publication ISSN/ISBN 0042-9686 Accession Number Language SubFile DOI Output Language Unknown(0) PMID Abstract In 1977 the first case of cholera known to be contracted in Australia during the seventh pandemic occurred in southeastern Queensland. Toxigenic isolates of Vibrio cholerae, biotype eltor, serotype Inaba, phage-type 2, were obtained from the index case, a companion of the patient, the reticulated water supply of their place of residence, and a stretch of the neighbouring river that was being used to supplement fully treated water piped from Brisbane. Treatment of the auxiliary supply consisted solely of chlorination. A section of another river was later shown to contain V.cholerae. No source of pollution was identified for either river. From the persistence of the microorganism in the first river over a two-month period, despite increases in river flow following significant rainfall, it seems that the cholera vibrio can not only survive for a long period but can also grow in the river water. This strongly suggests that certain surface, and possibly subsurface, waters may serve as potential silent foci of V.cholerae. Hence the importance of providing bacteriologically safe water supplies, and the possible need to expand the definition of a 'cholera-receptive area'. Descriptors river water, article, Austria, ecology, epidemiology, etiology, geographic distribution, Vibrio cholerae, water pollution Links Book Title Database Embase; MEDLINE Publisher Data Source Embase Authors Rogers,R. C., Cuffe,R. G. C. J., Cossins,Y. M. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic PMCID Editors
An international survey of indoor air quality, ventilation, and smoking activity in restaurants: a pilot study	2003	R. J. Reynolds Tobacco Co. Winston-Salem, North Carolina, USA.	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Journal of exposure analysis and environmental epidemiology Periodical, Abbrev. J.Expo.Anal.Environ.Epidemiol. Pub Date Free Form Sep Volume 13 Issue 5 Start Page 378 Other Pages 392 Notes LR: 20151119; JID: 9111438; 0 (Pyridines); 0 (Tobacco Smoke Pollution); 0 (Vinyl Compounds); 142M471B3J (Carbon Dioxide); 6M3C89ZY6R (Nicotine); R9ZU09Z27A (3-vinylpyridine); ppublish Place of Publication England ISSN/ISBN 1053-4245; 1053-4245 Accession Number PMID: 12973366 Language eng SubFile Journal Article; Multicenter Study; IM DOI 10.1038/sj.jea.7500284 [doi] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 12973366 Abstract During a pilot study of indoor air quality in restaurants, a survey was performed in 34 medium-priced restaurants in six countries in Asia, Europe, and North America using a uniform protocol. The concentration of selected constituents of environmental tobacco smoke (ETS) present in occupied areas was determined during lunch and dinner periods by measuring the levels of four particulate-phase markers and two gas-phase markers. The particulate-phase markers determined were respirable suspended particles, ultraviolet particulate matter, fluorescing particulate matter, and solanesol particulate matter. The gas-phase markers were nicotine and 3-ethenylpyridine (3-EP). Correlation between the markers was investigated to explore an improved monitoring approach. It was concluded that at least one marker in each phase was necessary to describe adequately the ETS load. An assessment was made of the ventilation system in each restaurant, and effective ventilation rates were determined based on CO(2) measurements. Smoking activity was also monitored. These data were used to model nicotine and 3-EP concentrations that resulted in a satisfactory prediction of their levels, especially at the higher concentrations. A total number of 1370 questionnaires were returned by the restaurant patrons in five countries. In some countries, dissatisfaction rates above 20% were observed for draft, freshness of air, and noise. The dissatisfaction rates related to tobacco smoke were less than 20%, which is lower than would be predicted based on measured ETS levels. Based on the results of this international pilot study, recommendations are given for future studies of this type. Descriptors Air Pollution, Indoor/analysis, Carbon Dioxide/analysis, Europe, Far East, Humans, Nicotine/analysis, Pilot Projects, Pyridines/analysis, Restaurants, Smoking/adverse effects/epidemiology, Statistics, Nonparametric, Surveys and Questionnaires, Tobacco Smoke Pollution/analysis, United States, Ventilation, Vinyl Compounds/analysis Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Bohanon,H. R.,Jr, Piade,J. J., Schorp,M. K., Saint-Jalm,Y. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic PMCID Editors
Consumption patterns and biomarkers of exposure in cigarette smokers switched to Snus, various dissolvable tobacco products, Dual use, or tobacco abstinence	2015	R.J. Reynolds Tobacco Company, Winston-Salem, NC, USA.; R.J. Reynolds Tobacco Company, Winston-Salem, NC, USA.; R.J. Reynolds Tobacco Company, Winston-Salem, NC, USA. Electronic address: borgerm@rjrt.com.	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Regulatory toxicology and pharmacology : RTP Periodical, Abbrev. Regul.Toxicol.Pharmacol. Pub Date Free Form Mar Volume 71 Issue 2 Start Page 186 Other Pages 197 Notes CI: Copyright (c) 2015; JID: 8214983; 0 (Biomarkers); OTO: NOTNLM; 2014/09/03 [received]; 2014/11/25 [revised]; 2014/12/19 [accepted]; 2014/12/27 [aheadofprint]; ppublish Place of Publication United States ISSN/ISBN 1096-0295; 0273-2300 Accession Number PMID: 25549549 Language eng SubFile Journal Article; Multicenter Study; Randomized Controlled Trial; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; IM DOI 10.1016/j.yrtph.2014.12.016 [doi] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 25549549 Abstract The objectives of this clinical study were to evaluate changes in tobacco product use behavior and levels of selected biomarkers of exposure (BOEs) for smokers who switched to one of six conditions during clinical confinement: exclusive use of; Camel Snus, Sticks, Strips or Orbs, controlled Dual use of cigarettes and Camel Snus, or tobacco abstinence. The controlled Dual use (DU) condition mandated a 60% reduction in cigarettes smoked per day (CPD). 167 healthy U.S. male and female smokers were randomized to the six groups (n=25-30/group). Subjects smoked their usual brand of cigarette for 1 day prior to switching to their designated intervention condition. Levels of thirty-two BOEs in plasma, whole blood, urine and feces were determined before and after switching. Questionnaires that scored nicotine dependence and withdrawal discomfort were also administered. After 5 days, exclusive Snus, Sticks, Strips, or Orbs use averaged 6.1, 5.9, 13.5, and 8.5 units/day, respectively. DU subjects smoked 7.6 CPD and used 3.2 Snus pouches/day, on average. After 5 days, substantial reductions of most biomarkers, including nicotine, were observed in all groups. Toxicant exposures were similar to being tobacco abstinent after switching exclusively to Camel Snus, Sticks, Strips or Orbs. DU reductions were more modest. Descriptors Links Book Title Database Publisher The Authors. Published by Elsevier Inc Data Source Authors Krautter,G.R., Chen,P.X., Borgerding,M.F. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic 20141227 PMCID Editors
Impact of religious rulings (Fatwa) on smoking.	2003	Radwan, G.N., Egyptian Smoking Prevention Research Institute.	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Journal of the Egyptian Society of Parasitology Periodical, Abbrev. J.Egypt.Soc.Parasitol. Pub Date Free Form / Volume 33 Issue 3 Suppl Start Page 1087 Other Pages 1101 Notes Place of Publication ISSN/ISBN 0253-5890 Accession Number Language SubFile DOI Output Language Unknown(0) PMID Abstract An interview survey was carried out in a rural village and two nearby schools in Qalyubia Governorate to assess the pattern of smoking and knowledge about religious ruling (Fatwa) and its impact on the quit attempts. Also, a similar survey was conducted in 6 Shisha cafÃ©s in Cairo. The results showed that the majority of respondents (81% among rural adults, 83.2% among Shisha cafÃ© patrons, 73.3% among rural youth and 81.4% among rural students) knew about the Fatwa on smoking. Higher proportions of all participants thought that smoking is a sin (97.3% among rural adults, 80.8% among Shisha cafÃ© patrons, 94.4% among rural youth and 98.4% among rural students). There was a significantly higher knowledge about Fatwa on smoking among men than women. This indicates a successful outreach program targeted mainly to men through mosques. Knowledge about Fatwa on smoking increased significantly with increased exposure to antismoking messages from religious leader. Knowledge about the Fatwa on smoking or belief that smoking is a sin had no significant effect on quit attempts. Our results point to the need for intensive efforts on the part of religious leaders to translate the current belief that smoking is a sin into quitting among smokers. Better results may be achieved through personal interactions in small groups rather than in mosque settings. Descriptors adolescent, adult, article, attitude to health, catering service, child, Egypt, female, health, human, male, religion, smoking, smoking cessation Links Book Title Database MEDLINE Publisher Data Source Embase Authors Radwan,G. N., Israel,E., El-Setouhy,M., Abdel-Aziz,F., Mikhail,N., Mohamed,M. K. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic PMCID Editors
Review on water pipe smoking.	2003	Radwan, G.N., Egyptian Smoking Prevention Research Institute.	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Journal of the Egyptian Society of Parasitology Periodical, Abbrev. J.Egypt.Soc.Parasitol. Pub Date Free Form / Volume 33 Issue 3 Suppl Start Page 1051 Other Pages 1071 Notes Place of Publication ISSN/ISBN 0253-5890 Accession Number Language SubFile DOI Output Language Unknown(0) PMID Abstract Water-pipe smoking may lead to cancers, genetic damage, diseases of the lungs and other disease conditions. Many of the studies on these subjects are merely anecdotal or lack the necessary rigorous study design or the power needed to be certain of the results. Given the large number of people who smoke waterpipe and the fact that waterpipe smoking has become a fashionable trend in the Middle East and the Western world among the youth, it is essential to study the health effects of waterpipe smoking with renewed emphasis. Descriptors Egypt, health, human, review, smoking Links Book Title Database MEDLINE Publisher Data Source Embase Authors Radwan,G. N., Mohamed,M. K., El-Setouhy,M., Israel,E. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic PMCID Editors
Groundwater as source of contamination for water supply in rapidly growing megacities of Asia: Case of Karachi, Pakistan	1996	Rahman, A.-U., Department of Geography, National University of Singapore, Kent Ridge 0511, Singapore	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Generic Periodical, Full Water Science and Technology Periodical, Abbrev. WATER SCI. TECHNOL. Pub Date Free Form 1996/ Volume 34 Issue 7-8 -8 pt 4 Start Page 285 Other Pages 292 Notes Place of Publication ISSN/ISBN 0273-1223 Accession Number Language SubFile DOI Output Language Unknown(0) PMID Abstract The development of essential services including water and sanitation in many megacities of the economically developing countries of Asia cannot keep pace with their rapidly growing population and accompanying urban and industrial development. The inadequate water supply and poor sanitation services lead to contamination of their water supply through the input of sewage water into groundwater. This paper examines the problem of contamination of water supply in Karachi, the largest city in Pakistan with a population of over 12 million and growing at 6 percent per annum. The paper presents the data on water quality from various sources, mainly municipal water supply, vendors and well water; the three major sources of water for domestic use in Karachi. Except municipal water from some areas and during certain periods, water from most other sources contains coliform bacteria, and in many cases faecal coliform, in amounts several magnitudes higher than any standards permit. Many samples have also been found to contain heavy metals including chromium, lead, nickel and arsenic in amounts excessive of permitted standards. The probable sources of contaminants for the various types of water (piped, vendors, wells) indicate that groundwater may be the main contributor. The very source of this groundwater is predominantly from sewage. The paper also evaluates the solutions that are being practised, proposed or may be feasible, as well as those that are evolving. Descriptors arsenic, chromium, drinking water, ground water, heavy metal, lead, nickel, coliform bacterium, conference paper, developing country, Pakistan, sanitation, sewage, water contamination, water quality, water supply Links Book Title Database Embase Publisher Data Source Embase Authors Rahman,A. -U Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic PMCID Editors
Domestic water contamination in rapidly growing megacities of Asia: Case of Karachi, Pakistan	1997	Rahman, A., Department of Geography, National University of Singapore, Kent Ridge, Singapore 0511, Singapore	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Environmental monitoring and assessment Periodical, Abbrev. Environ.Monit.Assess. Pub Date Free Form 1997/ Volume 44 Issue 3-Jan Start Page 339 Other Pages 360 Notes Place of Publication ISSN/ISBN 0167-6369 Accession Number Language SubFile DOI Output Language Unknown(0) PMID Abstract The development of essential services including water and sanitation in many megacities of the economically developing countries of Asia cannot keep pace with their rapidly growing population and accompanying urban and industrial development. The inadequate water supply and poor sanitation services lead to contamination of their water supply. It also leads to the input of sewage water into the groundwater. The problem is seriously acute in Karachi, the largest city in Pakistan with a population of over 12 million and growing at 6 percent. This paper examines the problem of water contamination in Karachi. The paper presents the data on water quality from various sources, mainly municipal water supply, vendors and well water; the three major sources of water for domestic use in Karachi. Except municipal water from some areas and during certain periods, water from most other sources contain coliform bacteria, and in many cases faecal coliform, in amounts several magnitudes higher than any standards permit. Many samples have also been found to contain heavy metals including Chromium, Lead, Nickel and Arsenic in amounts excessive of permitted standards. The probable sources of contaminants for the various types of water (piped, vendors, wells) indicate that groundwater may be the main contributor. The very source of this groundwater is predominantly from sewage. The health hazards from consuming such contaminated water are obvious. The paper also evaluates the solutions that are being practiced, proposed or may be feasible, as well as those that are evolving. Descriptors arsenic, chromium, ground water, heavy metal, nickel, well water, city, coliform bacterium, conference paper, nonhuman, Pakistan, population growth, sanitation, sewage, water contamination, water quality, water standard, water supply Links Book Title Database Embase Publisher Data Source Embase Authors Rahman,A., Lee,H. K., Khan,M. A. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic PMCID Editors
Evaluation of coliforms as indicators of water quality in India	1992	Ramteke, P.W., Division of Aquatic Toxicology, Industrial Toxicology Research Ctr., Mahatma Gandhi Marg, Lucknow 226 001, India	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Journal of Applied Bacteriology Periodical, Abbrev. J.Appl.Bacteriol. Pub Date Free Form 1992/ Volume 72 Issue 4 Start Page 352 Other Pages 356 Notes Place of Publication ISSN/ISBN 0021-8847 Accession Number Language SubFile DOI Output Language Unknown(0) PMID Abstract The total and thermotolerant coliform counts in rural drinking water derived from ground water, piped supplies and surface water are reported for a number of areas in India. To evaluate these counts as indicators of recent faecal contamination the total coliforms and thermotolerant coliforms isolated have been identified. Thermotolerant Escherichia coli formed 11.7% of the total coliforms and 75.1% of the thermotolerant coliforms. Citrobacter sp. (20.4%) and Klebsiella sp. (50.9%) were the other common total coliforms isolated and, among the thermotolerant coliforms, Klebsiella sp. (16.4%) was the only other organism frequently encountered. The total coliform counts were significantly correlated with water temperature. The applicability in tropical areas of standards developed for temperate climates is discussed. Descriptors drinking water, surface water, article, bacterium contamination, evaluation and follow up, heat tolerance, India, nonhuman, water quality Links Book Title Database Embase; MEDLINE Publisher Data Source Embase Authors Ramteke,P. W., Bhattacharjee,J. W., Pathak,S. P., Kalra,N. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic PMCID Editors
Toward a Regulatory Framework for the Waterpipe	2016	Ramzi G. Salloum is with the Department of Health Outcomes and Policy and the Institute for Child Health Policy, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville. Taghrid Asfar is with the Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Miami Mi	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full American Journal of Public Health Periodical, Abbrev. Am.J.Public Health Pub Date Free Form 23-Aug Volume Issue Start Page e1 Other Pages e5 Notes LR: 20160823; JID: 1254074; aheadofprint; SO: Am J Public Health. 2016 Aug 23:e1-e5. Place of Publication ISSN/ISBN 1541-0048; 0090-0036 Accession Number PMID: 27552262 Language ENG SubFile JOURNAL ARTICLE DOI 10.2105/AJPH.2016.303322 [doi] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 27552262 Abstract Waterpipe smoking has been dramatically increasing among youth worldwide and in the United States. Despite its general association with misperceptions of reduced harm, evidence suggests this is a harmful and dependence-inducing tobacco use method that represents a threat to public health. Waterpipe products continue to be generally unregulated, which likely has contributed to their spread. The Family Smoking Prevention and Tobacco Control Act of 2009 granted the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) the authority to regulate waterpipe products, and the FDA finalized a rule extending its authority over waterpipe products in May 2016. This critical step in addressing the alarming increase in waterpipe smoking in the United States has created urgency for research to provide the evidence needed for effective regulatory initiatives for waterpipe products. We aim to stimulate such research by providing a framework that addresses the scope of waterpipe products and their unique context and use patterns. The proposed framework identifies regulatory targets for waterpipe product components (i.e., tobacco, charcoal, and device), the waterpipe cafe setting, and its marketing environment dominated by Internet promotion. (Am J Public Health. Published online ahead of print August 23, 2016: e1-e5. doi:10.2105/AJPH.2016.303322). Descriptors Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Salloum,R.G., Asfar,T., Maziak,W. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic 20160823 PMCID Editors

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