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Title	Pub Year	Author Sort descending	SearchLink
Transvaginal echography in the description of anal sphincters	1999	Plaza, F.J., Servicio Obstetricia y Ginecologia, Fundacion Jimenez Diaz, Clinica Ntra. Sra. de la Concepcion, 28040 Madrid, Spain	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Progresos en Obstetricia y Ginecologia Periodical, Abbrev. Prog.Obstet.Ginecol. Pub Date Free Form 1999/ Volume 42 Issue 1 Start Page 61 Other Pages 66 Notes Place of Publication ISSN/ISBN 0304-5013 Accession Number Language SubFile DOI Output Language Unknown(0) PMID Abstract Objective: Our purpose wthe application of the transvaginal ultrasound, for the ddescription of the main structures annals: mucus, internal anal sphincter, external anal sphincter and fascicle pubococcigeal of the muscle elevator of the year. Patiens and methods: In consultation during the period puerperal, six weeks after the childbirth, ultrasound exam. Results: Obtains the following dimensions: internal anal sphincter: 2.9 +/- 0.9 mm, external anal sphincter: 2.7 +/- 0.9 mm, pubococcigeal of the elevator: 1.9 +/- 0.8 mm. Conclusions: Structural alterations are diagnosed by traumatic lesion in the moment of the cildbirth like lacerations, abscesses, water-pipes or hematomas. Descriptors adult, anus sphincter, article, childbirth, clinical article, female, hematoma, human, laceration, perianal abscess, puerperium, transvaginal echography Links Book Title Ecografia transvaginal en la descripcion de los esfinteres anales Database Embase Publisher Data Source Embase Authors Plaza,F. J., Espinosa,J. A., Hernandez,C., Moya,J. M. F., Recasens,J. D. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic PMCID Editors
A bibliometric analysis of research productivity of Malaysian publications in leading toxicology journals during a 10-year period (2003-2012)	2014	Poison Control and Drug Information Center (PCDIC), College of Medicine and Health Sciences, An-Najah National University, Nablus, Palestine Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, An-Najah National University,	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Human & experimental toxicology Periodical, Abbrev. Hum.Exp.Toxicol. Pub Date Free Form Dec Volume 33 Issue 12 Start Page 1284 Other Pages 1293 Notes CI: (c) The Author(s) 2014; JID: 9004560; OTO: NOTNLM; 2014/02/06 [aheadofprint]; ppublish Place of Publication England ISSN/ISBN 1477-0903; 0960-3271 Accession Number PMID: 24505047 Language eng SubFile Journal Article; IM DOI 10.1177/0960327113514101 [doi] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 24505047 Abstract BACKGROUND: Toxicology in Malaysia has experienced rapid development and made great progress in education and research in conjunction with economic development in Malaysia over the past two decades. OBJECTIVES: The main objectives of this study were to analyse the research originating from Malaysia and published in toxicology journals and to examine the authorship pattern and the citations retrieved from the Scopus database. METHODS: Data from 1 January 2003 till 31 December 2012 were searched for documents with specific words in the toxicology field as a 'source title' and Malaysia as an affiliation country. Research productivity was evaluated based on a methodology we developed and used in other bibliometric studies by analysing: (a) total and trends of contributions in toxicology fields between 2003 and 2012; (b) Malaysian authorship pattern and productivity; (c) collaboration patterns; (d) journals in which Malaysian researchers publish; (e) the classification of journals to Institute for Scientific Information (ISI) or non-ISI; (f) impact factors (IFs) of all publications; and (g) citations received by the publications. RESULTS: In total, 290 documents were retrieved from 55 international peer-reviewed toxicology journals. The quantity of publication increased by around 10-fold from 2003 to 2012. The h-index of the retrieved documents was 20. Of the 55 journal titles, 42 (76.4%) have their IF listed in the journal citation reports 2012. Forty-two documents (14.5%) were published in journals that had no official IF. The total number of citations, at the time of manuscript writing (5 August 2013), was 1707, with a median (interquartile range) of 3 (0-7). Malaysia collaborated mostly with countries in the Asia-Pacific regions (18.3%), especially India and Japan, followed by the Middle East and Africa (10.0%), especially Palestine and Yemen. CONCLUSION: The present data show a promising rise and a good start for toxicology research activity in Malaysia. The sharing of relevant research questions by developed and developing countries can lead to research opportunities in the field of toxicology. Descriptors Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Zyoud,Sh, Al-Jabi,S., Sweileh,W., Awang,R. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic 20140206 PMCID Editors
Worldwide research productivity of paracetamol (acetaminophen) poisoning: a bibliometric analysis (2003-2012)	2015	Poison Control and Drug Information Center (PCDIC), College of Medicine and Health Sciences, An-Najah National University, Nablus, Palestine Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, An-Najah National University,	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Human & experimental toxicology Periodical, Abbrev. Hum.Exp.Toxicol. Pub Date Free Form Jan Volume 34 Issue 1 Start Page 12 Other Pages 23 Notes CI: (c) The Author(s) 2014; JID: 9004560; 0 (Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal); 362O9ITL9D (Acetaminophen); OTO: NOTNLM; 2014/04/22 [aheadofprint]; ppublish Place of Publication England ISSN/ISBN 1477-0903; 0960-3271 Accession Number PMID: 24758786 Language eng SubFile Journal Article; IM DOI 10.1177/0960327114531993 [doi] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 24758786 Abstract PURPOSE: There is a lack of data concerning the evaluation of scientific research productivity in paracetamol poisoning from the world. The purposes of this study were to analyse the worldwide research output related to paracetamol poisoning and to examine the authorship pattern and the citations retrieved from the Scopus database for over a decade. METHODS: Data were searched for documents with specific words regarding paracetamol poisoning as 'keywords' in the title or/and abstract. Scientific output was evaluated based on a methodology developed and used in other bibliometric studies. Research productivity was adjusted to the national population and nominal gross domestic product (GDP) per capita. RESULTS: There were 1721 publications that met the criteria during study period from the world. All retrieved documents were published from 72 countries. The largest number of articles related to paracetamol poisoning was from the United States (US; 30.39%), followed by India (10.75%) and the United Kingdom (UK; 9.36%). The total number of citations at the time of data analysis was 21,109, with an average of 12.3 citations per each documents and median (interquartile range) of 4 (1-14). The h-index of the retrieved documents was 57. After adjusting for economy and population power, India (124.2), Nigeria (18.6) and the US (10.5) had the highest research productivity. Countries with large economies, such as the UK, Australia, Japan, China and France, tended to rank relatively low after adjustment for GDP over the entire study period. CONCLUSION: Our study demonstrates evidence that research productivity related to paracetamol poisoning has increased rapidly during the recent years. The US obviously dominated in research productivity. However, certain smaller country such as Nigeria has high scientific output relative to their population size and GDP. A highly noticeable increase in the contributions of Asia-Pacific and Middle East regions to scientific literature related to paracetamol poisoning was also observed. Descriptors Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Zyoud,S.H., Al-Jabi,S.W., Sweileh,W.M. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic 20140422 PMCID Editors
Bibliometric analysis of scientific publications on waterpipe (narghile, shisha, hookah) tobacco smoking during the period 2003-2012	2014	Poison Control and Drug Information Center (PCDIC), College of Medicine and Health Sciences, An-Najah National University, Nablus, Palestine. saedzyoud@yahoo.com.	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Tobacco induced diseases Periodical, Abbrev. Tob Induc Dis. Pub Date Free Form 13-Apr Volume 12 Issue 1 Start Page 7 Other Pages 12/7/9625 Notes LR: 20140418; JID: 101201591; OID: NLM: PMC3989780; 2013/11/22 [received]; 2014/04/08 [accepted]; 2014/04/13 [aheadofprint]; epublish Place of Publication England ISSN/ISBN 2070-7266; 1617-9625 Accession Number PMID: 24725483 Language eng SubFile Journal Article DOI 10.1186/1617-9625-12-7 [doi] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 24725483 Abstract BACKGROUND: Waterpipe tobacco smoking has spread worldwide. However, the evaluation of scientific output in the field of waterpipe tobacco smoking has not been studied yet. The main objectives of this study were to analyze worldwide research output in the waterpipe tobacco smoking field, and to examine the authorship pattern and the citations retrieved from the Scopus database for over a decade. METHODS: Data from January 1, 2003 through December 31, 2012 were searched for documents with specific words regarding waterpipe tobacco smoking as "keywords" in the title. Scientific output was evaluated based on a methodology developed and used in other bibliometric studies: (a) total and trends of contributions in waterpipe tobacco smoking research between 2003 and 2012; (b) authorship patterns and research productivity; (c) collaboration patterns; (d) the citations received by the publications; and (e) areas of interest of the published papers. RESULTS: Worldwide there were 334 publications that met the criteria during the study period. The largest number of publications in waterpipe tobacco smoking were from the United States of America (USA) (33.5%), followed by Lebanon (15.3%), and France (10.5%). The total number of citations at the time of data analysis (October 18, 2013) was 4,352, with an average of 13 citations per document and a median (interquartile range) of 4.0 (1.0-16.0). The h-index of the retrieved documents was 34. The highest h-index by country was 27 for the USA, followed by 20 for Syrian Arab Republic and Lebanon. CONCLUSIONS: The present data reveal a promising rise and a good start for research activity in the field of waterpipe tobacco smoking. More effort is needed to bridge the gap in waterpipe smoking-based research and to promote better evaluation of waterpipe smoking, risks, health effects, or control services worldwide. Descriptors Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Zyoud,S.H., Al-Jabi,S.W., Sweileh,W.M. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic 20140413 PMCID PMC3989780 Editors
Worldwide research productivity in the field of electronic cigarette: a bibliometric analysis	2014	Poison Control and Drug Information Center (PCDIC), College of Medicine and Health Sciences, An-Najah National University, Nablus, Palestine. saedzyoud@yahoo.com.	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full BMC public health Periodical, Abbrev. BMC Public Health Pub Date Free Form 30-Jun Volume 14 Issue Start Page 667 Other Pages 2458-14-667 Notes LR: 20150805; JID: 100968562; OID: NLM: PMC4089552; 2013/12/06 [received]; 2014/06/25 [accepted]; 2014/06/30 [aheadofprint]; epublish Place of Publication England ISSN/ISBN 1471-2458; 1471-2458 Accession Number PMID: 24975597 Language eng SubFile Journal Article; IM DOI 10.1186/1471-2458-14-667 [doi] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 24975597 Abstract BACKGROUND: Electronic cigarette (EC) is an emerging phenomenon that is becoming increasingly popular with smokers worldwide. There is a lack of data concerning the evaluation of research productivity in the field of EC originating from the world. The main objectives of this study were to analyse worldwide research output in EC field, and to examine the authorship pattern and the citations retrieved from the Scopus database. METHODS: Data were searched for documents with specific words regarding EC as "keywords" in the title. Scientific output was evaluated based on the methodology developed and used in other bibliometric studies by investigation: (a) total and trends of contributions in EC research during all previous years up to the date of data analysis (June 13, 2014); (b) authorship patterns and research productivity; (c) countries contribution; and (d) citations received by the publications. RESULTS: Three hundred and fifty-six documents were retrieved comprising 31.5% original journal articles, 16% letters to the editor, 7.9% review articles, and 44.6% documents that were classified as other types of publications, such as notes or editorials or opinions. The retrieved documents were published in 162 peer-reviewed journals. All retrieved documents were published from 27 countries. the largest number of publications in the field of EC was from the United States of America (USA); (33.7%), followed by the United Kingdom (UK); (11.5%), and Italy (8.1%). The total number of citations at the time of data analysis was 2.277, with an average of 6.4 citations per document and median (interquartile range) of 0.0 (0.0-5.0). The h-index of the retrieved documents was 27. The most productive institutions were Food and Drug Administration, USA (4.2% of total publications) followed by Universita degli Studi di Catania, Italy (3.9%), University of California, San Francisco, USA (3.7%). CONCLUSIONS: This bibliometric study is a testament to the progress in EC research from the world over the last few years. More effort is needed to bridge the gap in EC-based research and to promote better evaluation of EC, risks, health effects, or control services worldwide. Descriptors Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Zyoud,S.H., Al-Jabi,S.W., Sweileh,W.M. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic 20140630 PMCID PMC4089552 Editors
Home visiting and perinatal smoking: a mixed-methods exploration of cessation and harm reduction strategies	2016	PolicyLab, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, 3535 Market, Suite 1424, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA. griffish@email.chop.edu.; PolicyLab, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, 3535 Market, Suite 1424, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA.; Division of Ge	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full BMC public health Periodical, Abbrev. BMC Public Health Pub Date Free Form 11-Aug Volume 16 Issue 1 Start Page 764 Other Pages 016-3464-4 Notes LR: 20160817; JID: 100968562; OID: NLM: PMC4982407; OTO: NOTNLM; 2016/01/20 [received]; 2016/08/05 [accepted]; 2016/08/11 [aheadofprint]; epublish Place of Publication England ISSN/ISBN 1471-2458; 1471-2458 Accession Number PMID: 27514836 Language eng SubFile Journal Article; IM DOI 10.1186/s12889-016-3464-4 [doi] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 27514836 Abstract BACKGROUND: Home visiting programs represent an important primary prevention strategy for adverse prenatal health behaviors; the various ways in which home visiting programs impact prenatal smoking cessation and reduction behaviors remain understudied. METHODS: Mixed methods approach using a retrospective cohort of propensity score matched home visiting clients and local-area comparison women with first births between 2008-2014 in a large Northeast state. Multivariable logistic and linear regression estimated third trimester prenatal tobacco smoking cessation and reduction. Additionally, qualitative interviews were conducted with 76 home visiting clients. RESULTS: A program effect was seen for smoking cessation such that clients who smoked less than ten cigarettes per day and those who smoked 20 or more cigarettes per day during the first trimester were more likely to achieve third trimester cessation than comparison women (p Descriptors Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Griffis,H., Matone,M., Kellom,K., Concors,E., Quarshie,W., French,B., Rubin,D., Cronholm,P.F. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic 20160811 PMCID PMC4982407 Editors
The integration of family planning and childhood immunization services in Togo	1994	Population Council, Dokki, Giza, Egypt.	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Studies in family planning Periodical, Abbrev. Stud.Fam.Plann. Pub Date Free Form May-Jun Volume 25 Issue 3 Start Page 176 Other Pages 183 Notes LR: 20041117; JID: 7810364; OID: PIP: 096937; OID: POP: 00231327; OTO: PIP; GN: PIP: TJ: STUDIES IN FAMILY PLANNING.; ppublish Place of Publication UNITED STATES ISSN/ISBN 0039-3665; 0039-3665 Accession Number PMID: 7940622 Language eng SubFile Clinical Trial; Journal Article; Randomized Controlled Trial; IM; J DOI Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 7940622 Abstract Improvements in the constellation of services in the African context are largely addressed through attaining better measures of service integration, which can be achieved through improved referral across categories of health programs. The use of an unobtrusive referral message that linked family planning and the Expanded Program of Immunizations (EPI) services was tested in an operations research study in Togo. The introduction of the referral message was accompanied by an 18-percent increase in awareness of available family planning services and an increase in the average monthly number of new family planning clients of 54 percent. These positive results indicate that the use of referral can have a significant and dramatic impact on family planning services in a relatively short time. In Togo, no evidence existed of a negative impact on EPI services, and a majority of the EPI providers reported satisfaction with the effect of the referral message at the close of the study.; PIP: Quality of care is currently construed to mean matching population needs with service provision. Improvements in African services are valued when there is a constellation of multiple services provided in a fixed center. In Togo, a simple intervention was developed to link childhood immunization and family planning services. Before immunizing each child, the service provider would make 3 family planning statements to the child's mother. The statements were salient and easy to remember: "Madame, your child is still young, and you should be concerned about having another pregnancy too soon." "This clinic provides family planning services that can help you delay your next pregnancy." And, "You should visit the family planning services after the immunization today for more information." Clinic staff were trained in a day and a half orientation session. The referral message was evaluated with a quasi-experimental design. Impact was measured in terms of knowledge of family planning methods and availability of family planning in the clinic, intention to use a contraceptive method, and the history of contraceptive use. 16 urban and rural clinics were involved. The sample included 1000 randomly selected women who has just had their children immunized. The pretest was conducted in January, 1992, and the post test was conducted in August, 1992, 6 months after the intervention in the study. Service statistics were also collected from 9 months prior to the intervention until September, 1992. Pretest and post test women were similar demographically. Recall levels were also similar. The results indicated that control group persons did not show any change in their awareness of family service availability in the clinic. The increase in the study group was from 40% to 58%. Differences between awareness in the control and study groups was 8% before the intervention and 22% after. Women desiring a longer birth-spacing period were more likely to be aware of service availability. The mean number of acceptors in the study group increased significantly from 200 to 307; average monthly number of family planning users also increased significantly from 1035 to 1311, which was a significant difference from control group users. Both groups showed significant increases in number of vaccines administered monthly in the study period. Descriptors Child Health Services/organization & administration, Child, Preschool, Family Planning Services/organization & administration/utilization, Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice, Humans, Immunization, Interinstitutional Relations, Operations Research, Patient Acceptance of Health Care, Program Evaluation, Referral and Consultation/organization & administration, Retrospective Studies, Time Factors, Togo, Africa, Africa South Of The Sahara, Communication, Communication Programs, Comparative Studies, Data Collection, Delivery Of Health Care, Developing Countries, Family Planning, Family Planning Programs, French Speaking Africa, Health, Health Services, Integrated Programs, Interviews, Knowledge, Organization And Administration, Pre-post Tests, Primary Health Care, Program Activities, Programs, Referral And Consultation, Research Methodology, Research Report, Service Statistics, Studies, Western Africa Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Huntington,D., Aplogan,A. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic PMCID Editors
Rethinking postpartum family planning	1991	Population Council, New York, NY 10017.	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Studies in family planning Periodical, Abbrev. Stud.Fam.Plann. Pub Date Free Form Sep-Oct Volume 22 Issue 5 Start Page 294 Other Pages 307 Notes LR: 20051116; JID: 7810364; RF: 57; OID: IND: 8019698; OID: PIP: 069243; OID: POP: 00206738; OTO: PIP; GN: PIP: TJ: STUDIES IN FAMILY PLANNING.; ppublish Place of Publication UNITED STATES ISSN/ISBN 0039-3665; 0039-3665 Accession Number PMID: 1759275 Language eng SubFile Journal Article; Review; IM; J DOI Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 1759275 Abstract This article examines the rationales for commonly advocated postpartum family planning services and challenges the behavioral and biological assumptions on which they are based. An alternative approach to service delivery is suggested. Services should be designed to incorporate breastfeeding and to increase their acceptability to postpartum women.; PIP: Postpartum is considered conceptually muddy, since the definition varies with its use, even within family planning programs; the context within this article is after childbirth. Postpartum programs to provide contraceptive information and supplies after childbirth are an accepted part of family planning service delivery. The objective of this article is to review the underpinnings of the postpartum service delivery model. Demographic implications are discussed based on empirical and simulation studies; the assumptions that women are most receptive to contraceptive programs at the time of childbirth, and that women will not generally return for services are discussed in terms of descriptions of women's contraceptive behavior in the postpartum period (survey and program information). Another objective is to discuss recent findings on the effects of breastfeeding on fertility and the implications for postpartum programs. A reexamination of women's needs is suggested. Studies discussed in the demographic implications sections pertain to postpartum ovulation and menstruation, the use of oral contraceptives during lactational amenorrhea, and studies of the duplication of protection. Various simulation models of the timing of postpartum contraceptive use are described, but none deals with whether women are more motivated to practice contraception just after childbirth, or whether women find it difficult to return for services after leaving a health facility. Attitudinal data are missing and are needed on postpartum motivation to contracept. Initiation after a recent birth may be based on her amenorrheic and breastfeeding status, the infant's developmental level, household or extra household activities, or the appropriate age at which the child may be left with others. The scarce data on the timing of contraceptive use indicates that women not menstruating were less likely to use contraception. The 1987 Thailand survey showed that 14% of women returned to nonpermanent methods prior to the return of menses, and 32% in the month immediately after the return of menses. This pattern may reflect the practices of family planning providers. Multivariate analyses support the inverse relationship between breastfeeding and use of contraception. In the returning to services issue, models do not tell whether availability of full services for well baby care and postpartum and contraceptive care would improve returns. The International Postpartum Program reveals some patterns. Future research agendas should focus on experiments to test different options for mother and baby care, and to test options and timing of their initiation. Descriptors Attitude to Health, Birth Intervals, Breast Feeding, Contraception Behavior, Family Planning Services/organization & administration/standards, Female, Fertility, Humans, Models, Psychological, Motivation, Patient Acceptance of Health Care, Postnatal Care/organization & administration/psychology/standards, Acceptors--women, Behavior, Contraception, Contraceptive Methods Chosen, Contraceptive Usage, Developing Countries, Economic Factors, Family Planning, Family Planning Programs, Health, Infant Nutrition, Literature Review, Marketing, Method Acceptability, Nutrition, Postpartum Amenorrhea, Postpartum Programs, Promotion, Psychological Factors, Puerperium, Reproduction Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Winikoff,B., Mensch,B. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic PMCID Editors
Pattern of shisha and cigarette smoking in the general population in Malaysia	2014	Population Health and Preventive Medicine Department, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM), Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia E-mail : y.bobryshev@unsw.edu.au.	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention : APJCP Periodical, Abbrev. Asian Pac.J.Cancer.Prev. Pub Date Free Form Volume 15 Issue 24 Start Page 10841 Other Pages 10846 Notes LR: 20151119; JID: 101130625; ppublish Place of Publication Thailand ISSN/ISBN 1513-7368; 1513-7368 Accession Number PMID: 25605187 Language eng SubFile Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; IM DOI Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 25605187 Abstract BACKGROUND: Smoking is a primary risk factor for cancer development. While most research has focused on smoking cigarettes, the increasing popularity of shisha or water pipe smoking has received less attention. This study measured the prevalence and risk factors for shisha and cigarette smoking and related knowledge. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This cross-sectional analytical study was conducted in Shah Alam, Malaysia. Participants aged >/= 18 years were selected from restaurants. Data regarding demographic variables, smoking patterns, and knowledge about shisha smoking were collected in local languages. Logistic regression was performed to assess risk factors. RESULTS: Of 239 participants, 61.9 % were male and 99.2% revealed their smoking status. Some 57.4% were smokers: 50.7% only cigarettes, 5.9% only shisha and 42% both. Mean age of starting cigarette smoking was 17.5 +/- 2.4 years and for shisha smoking 18.7 +/- 2.0 years. In a univariate model, male gender, age 33-52 years and monthly income > MYR 4,000 increased the risk and unemployment and being a student decreased the risk. In a multivariate model, male gender increased the risk of smoking, while being a student decreased the risk, adjusting for age and income. The perception of shisha being less harmful than cigarettes was present in 14.6% and 7.5% had the opinion that shisha is not harmful at all, while 21.7% said that it is less addictive than cigarettes, 39.7% said that shisha did not contain tar and nicotine, 34.3% said that it did not contain carbon monoxide and 24.3% thought that shisha did not cause health problems. CONCLUSIONS: Prevalence of shisha and cigarette smoking is high in the general population in Malaysia and knowledge about shisha smoking is relatively low. The findings of our study might have implications for understanding similarities and differences in incidence of shisha and cigarette smoking in other cultural/geographic regions. Descriptors Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Al-Naggar,R.A., Bobryshev,Y.V., Anil,S. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic PMCID Editors
Effects of environment and lifestyle on gastroesophageal reflux disease	2011	Portland VA Medical Center, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oreg., USA. sonnenbe@ohsu.edu	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Digestive diseases (Basel, Switzerland) Periodical, Abbrev. Dig.Dis. Pub Date Free Form Volume 29 Issue 2 Start Page 229 Other Pages 234 Notes LR: 20130715; CI: Copyright (c) 2011; JID: 8701186; 2011/07/05 [aheadofprint]; ppublish Place of Publication Switzerland ISSN/ISBN 1421-9875; 0257-2753 Accession Number PMID: 21734389 Language eng SubFile Journal Article; Review; IM DOI 10.1159/000323927 [doi] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 21734389 Abstract BACKGROUND: Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) is comprised of a spectrum of related disorders, including hiatal hernia, reflux disease with its associated symptoms, erosive esophagitis, peptic stricture, Barrett's esophagus, and esophageal adenocarcinoma. Besides multiple pathophysiological associations among these disorders, they are also characterized by their comorbid occurrence in identical patients and by their similar epidemiologic behavior. The occurrence of GERD is shaped by marked temporal and geographic variations, suggesting the influence of environmental risk factors in the etiology of these diseases. VARIATIONS BY TIME, GEOGRAPHY, AND RACE: Between 1975 and 2005, the incidence of GERD and esophageal adenocarcinoma increased fivefold in most Western countries. The incidence of GERD also appears to be rising in the most developed countries of Asia. All severe forms of GERD, such as erosive esophagitis, peptic stricture, Barrett's metaplasia, and esophageal adenocarcinoma, are more common among whites than other ethnic groups. AFFLUENCE AND OBESITY AS RISK FACTORS: Barrett's esophagus and esophageal adenocarcinoma tend to occur slightly more often in subjects with higher income. Overweight and obesity contribute to the development of hiatal hernia, increase intra-abdominal pressure, and promote gastroesophageal reflux. Weight gain increases reflux symptoms, whereas weight loss decreases such symptoms. Other risk factors, such as smoking, alcohol, dietary fat, or drugs, play only a minor role in shaping the epidemiologic patterns of GERD. PROTECTION THROUGH HELICOBACTER PYLORI: On a population level, a high prevalence of H. pylori infection is likely to reduce levels of acid secretion and protect some carriers of the infection against reflux disease and its associated complications. Several studies have confirmed a lesser prevalence of H. pylori among subjects with than without GERD. Until recently, populations in Africa and Asia may have been protected against the development of GERD and esophageal adenocarcinoma by their higher prevalence of H. pylori infection. CONCLUSION: The study of environmental risk factors may provide an opportunity to better understand GERD and develop a means of its prevention. Descriptors Links Book Title Database Publisher S. Karger AG, Basel Data Source Authors Sonnenberg,A. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic 20110705 PMCID Editors

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