WTS database

Title	Pub Year	Author Sort descending	SearchLink
Alcohol intake and tobacco smoking among students of medical schools	2012	Katedra i Zaklad Medycyny Rodzinnej Akademii Medycznej we Wroclawiu. dkurpas@hotmail.com	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Przeglad lekarski Periodical, Abbrev. Przegl.Lek. Pub Date Free Form Volume 69 Issue 10 Start Page 893 Other Pages 895 Notes LR: 20151119; JID: 19840720R; 3K9958V90M (Ethanol); ppublish Place of Publication Poland ISSN/ISBN 0033-2240; 0033-2240 Accession Number PMID: 23421054 Language pol SubFile English Abstract; Journal Article; IM DOI Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 23421054 Abstract PURPOSE OF THE STUDY: To determine the level of alcohol intake (including risky drinking) and tobacco smoking among students of higher medical schools, as well as the level of students' knowledge about epidemiology and consequences of alcohol abuse. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The study was conducted in 2010-2012 and involved 1054 students of medical school. The majority of the participants were female (82.3%). Average age of respondents was 25.13 years (SD = 6.64, median = 24). The questionnaire was to determine the students' knowledge of alcohol abuse, short version of AUDIT and questions about tobacco smoking. RESULTS: The average 100% alcohol intake in Poland was correctly identified by 32.0% (318) of students. The alcohol level in blood which indicates the state after alcohol intake was correctly determined by 57.2% (571) of respondents. Tobacco was the choice of 13.8% (138) of students as the main health risk factor and cause of premature deaths in Europe, alcohol was chosen by 17.8% (177). Cirrhosis was recognized correctly by 52% of students (521) as the most frequent disease caused by alcohol in European men. Regarding the question about the biochemical indicators helpful in diagnostics of alcohol abuse only 27.6% (275) indicated correctly: MCV and GGT. In short version of AUDIT 32.2% (238) of women gained 4 points and above, 56.2% (91) of men gained 5 points and above. Among women: 3.5% (28) have 14 and above standardized portions of an alcoholic drinks during week. Among men: 6.5% (11) have 28 and above standardized portions of an alcoholic drinks during week. Non-smokers represent 20.6% (205) of respondents. A majority (39.4%, 82) indicate they smoke not more than 5 cigarettes per day. The students first began smoking in secondary (21.7%, 45) and high school (45.9%, 95). Smokers statistically significantly more often (p Descriptors Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Kurpas,D., Mroczek,B., Bielska,D., Wojtal,M., Sen,M., Steciwko,A. Original/Translated Title Spozycie alkoholu i palenie tytoniu wsrod studentow wyzszych uczelni medycznych URL Date of Electronic PMCID Editors
Susceptibility to antifungal agents of Candida sp. and biofilm formation	2011	Katedra i Zaklad Mikrobiologii Collegium Medicum im. L. Rydygiera w Bydgoszczy Uniwersytet Mikolaja Kopernika w Toruniu.	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Medycyna doswiadczalna i mikrobiologia Periodical, Abbrev. Med.Dosw.Mikrobiol. Pub Date Free Form Volume 63 Issue 2 Start Page 171 Other Pages 187 Notes JID: 0210575; 0 (Antifungal Agents); 0 (Biocompatible Materials); ppublish Place of Publication Poland ISSN/ISBN 0025-8601; 0025-8601 Accession Number PMID: 22184912 Language pol SubFile English Abstract; Journal Article; IM DOI Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 22184912 Abstract In recent years the increase in frequency of fungal infections with Candida sp. was noticed. These infections are connected with ability of Candida sp. to form biofilm on surfaces of biomaterials used in medicine. Furthermore fungal infections make serious therapeutic problems because ofbiofilm resistance to antifungal agents actually. The aim of the study was to evaluate the susceptibility to antifungal agents of Candida sp. and their ability to form biofilm on different biomaterials. 50 strains of Candida sp. isolated from patients of University Hospital No. 1 of dr A. Jurasz in Bydgoszcz were examined. API Candida (bioMerieux) tests were used to identify Candida sp. strains. The susceptibility of the yeast strains to antifungal agents was evaluated by ATB FUNGUS 2 INT (bioMerieux) tests. The susceptibility of examined strains to voriconazole, posaconazole, caspofungin and anidulafungin was assessed by means ofEtests (AB BIODISK) method employing drug concentrations from 0,002 to 32 microg/ml. All analysed strains were susceptible to amphotericin B and caspofungin. Biofilm formation on different biomaterials (silicon, latex, polychloride vinyl, polypropylene, nylon) was measured after 72 hour incubation at 37 degrees C. All examined yeasts formed biofilm on all analysed biomaterials. The highest number of strains formed biofilm on surface of polychloride vinyl: 23 (92,0%) by C. albicans strains and 24 (96,0%) Candida non-albicans strains. The lowest number of the strains formed biofilm on the surface of nylon: 12 (48,0%) of C. albicans strains and 9 (36,0%) of Candida non-albicans strains. The studied strains resistant to azoles and anidulafungin display stronger ability to form biofilm on surfaces of all analysed biomaterials. Descriptors Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Ciok-Pater,E., Bialucha,A., Gospodarek,E., Ostafin,A. Original/Translated Title Lekowrazliwosc a zdolnosc tworzenia biofilmu przez Candida sp URL Date of Electronic PMCID Editors
Attitudes and behaviour concerning cigarette smoking among the students of the first year at the Health Department	2006	Katedra Medycyny Spolecznej i Zapobiegawczej, Uniwersytetu Medycznego w Lodzi. office@cindi.org.pl	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Przeglad lekarski Periodical, Abbrev. Przegl.Lek. Pub Date Free Form Volume 63 Issue 10 Start Page 1041 Other Pages 1044 Notes LR: 20151119; JID: 19840720R; 0 (Tobacco Smoke Pollution); ppublish Place of Publication Poland ISSN/ISBN 0033-2240; 0033-2240 Accession Number PMID: 17288211 Language pol SubFile English Abstract; Journal Article; IM DOI Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 17288211 Abstract Smoking is still very common in Poland. Our country is among the leading countries with the greatest consumption of cigarettes. It is estimated that currently, there are about 40% smokers among men and 20% among women. In the future, most of the graduates from the Health Department will take care of the promotion of healthy life style and health education in the society. It is important that their theoretical knowledge be supported by proper health bases. A health centre worker who is inhaling smoke and at the same time encouraging quitting smoking is by no means credible. The aim of this work was to establish the participation of those students who are inhaling tobacco smoke that is among the students of the three departments of daily students of the Health Department. There were 108 female students who underwent the survey among the first year students of the Heath Department of Medical University of Lodz. The tool used was a survey. In the research carried out between 1st and 15th March 2006, 104 students (96.3%) took part. Among those who handed the surveys back, there were 32 males (30.8%) and 72 women (69.2%). In the group of respondents, which included 104 people, 33 (31.7%) stated that in January and February 2006 smoked cigarettes and 71 people (68.3%) claimed that within that time they did not smoke a single cigarette. Among the smokers, there were 11 males (f = 0.33) and 22 women (f = 0.67), whereas in the non-smokers' group, there were 21 male students (f = 0.30) and 50 female students (f = 0.70). In the past, there were 55 surveyed who inhaled tobacco smoke (52.9%), whereas 49 surveyed (47.1%) stated that they had never smoked in the past. In the smokers' group, there were 18 male students (f = 0.30) and 37 female students (f = 0.70). Among those who claimed they had never smoked before, there were 14 male students (f = 0.30) and 35 female students studies of the Health Department of Medical University of Lodz inhaled tobacco smoke. In comparison with the studies carried out at other universities in Poland, the received result in the worst. It is necessary to undertake actions that would lead to some changes in the behaviour of the students of the first year of Heath Department in order to achieve the greatest possible ratio of non-smokers before their graduation. Descriptors Adult, Age of Onset, Female, Health Education, Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice, Humans, Male, Peer Group, Poland/epidemiology, Population Surveillance, Prevalence, Smoking/epidemiology/prevention & control/psychology, Smoking Cessation, Students, Medical/psychology/statistics & numerical data, Surveys and Questionnaires, Tobacco Smoke Pollution/statistics & numerical data, Tobacco Use Disorder/epidemiology/prevention & control/psychology Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Kowalska,A., Rzeznicki,A., Drygas,W. Original/Translated Title Postawy i zachowania dotyczace palenia tytoniu studentow pierwszego roku Wydzialu Nauk o Zdrowiu URL Date of Electronic PMCID Editors
The opinions of employees about smoking in the workplace	2009	Katedra Zdrowia Publicznego, Uniwersytet Rzeszowski, Rzeszow. filip.osuchowski@wp.pl	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Przeglad lekarski Periodical, Abbrev. Przegl.Lek. Pub Date Free Form Volume 66 Issue 10 Start Page 801 Other Pages 804 Notes JID: 19840720R; 0 (Tobacco Smoke Pollution); ppublish Place of Publication Poland ISSN/ISBN 0033-2240; 0033-2240 Accession Number PMID: 20301940 Language pol SubFile English Abstract; Journal Article; IM DOI Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 20301940 Abstract Smoking is now a serious social problem in Poland and abroad. Unfortunately, adverse effects also affect the businesses in which the crews smoke tobacco. For several years a wide-ranging measures aimed at reducing the population of smoking employees can be observed, unfortunately their results are significantly below expectations. What must be noted is that the effectiveness of these projects to a large extent is determined by the opinion of the smoking part of the crew about the problem of smoking in the workplace. The aim of this work was to analyze the opinions of employees about smoking in the workplace. The selection of study group was expedient. The people tested were permanent employees of a large plant in Rzeszow. The research materials were the answers to the questions given to an anonymous survey. The survey contained 21 questions about their opinions to smokers and 17 questions about their opinions to non-smokers. The perception of risks arising from the smoking of tobacco by smokers and non-smokers was asked for, and their expectations towards the company. They were asked also the willingness to join special programs helping in quitting the addiction of smoking. The individuals who smoke at least one cigarette a day were recognized as daily smokers of tobacco (as defined by WHO). Those who used to smoke every day in the past or occasionally were considered as ex-smokers. (less than one cigarette per day). 4200 surveys were distributed in the plant. The filled - in forms with replies were received from 1412 workers, representing 33.6% of questionnaires distributed. All the surveys were put in order and checked on its merits. 1291 were classified as correct, what represented 30.7% of questionnaires distributed. The latest version of the program Statistica 8.0 was used for the statistical calculations. Test results show that 14.9% of employees smoke tobacco, and every third smoker is worried about the consequences of smoking. As far as opinions on the presence of smoking in the workplace are concerned, most workers believe (94.3%) that the employer should do everything to protect the non-smokers from having to inhale tobacco smoke. Only one in ten believes (11.4%) that talking about the harmfulness of smoking is the attack on the freedom of smokers, and argues that there is a lot of exaggeration in speaking about the harmfulness of smoking. As for the negative effects of smoking the most frequently mentioned are health consequences (36.6%). In a population of smokers 17.9% want to quit smoking very much and one in ten do not consider such possibility. What is comforting, however, is that 48.9% of respondents expressed opinions about joining the pro-health program which goal is to help in quitting smoking. The study shows that the vast majority of staff believes that the employer should protect the non-smokers from inhaling tobacco smoke and help the smoking employees in quitting smoking. More than half of all workers considered that the employer should help the employees to quit smoking addiction. Smokers worry about the health consequences resulting from tobacco smoking. Almost half of respondents expressed their willingness to join a program helping in releasing from the addiction of smoking, but a large group of smokers has not shown such an interest. Age and level of education do not affect the motivation to release from the addiction of smoking among smoking employees. Descriptors Adult, Female, Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Occupational Exposure/prevention & control/statistics & numerical data, Poland/epidemiology, Population Surveillance, Smoking/epidemiology/prevention & control, Smoking Cessation/statistics & numerical data, Tobacco Smoke Pollution/prevention & control/statistics & numerical data, Tobacco Use Disorder/epidemiology/prevention & control, Workplace/statistics & numerical data Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Osuchowski,F., Penar-Zadarko,B., Bukala-Siedlecka,I., Binkowska-Bury,M. Original/Translated Title Opinie pracownikow na temat palenia tytoniu w miejscu pracy URL Date of Electronic PMCID Editors
Study of High- and Low- Current-Configuration Homes from the 1988 Denver Childhood Cancer Study	2002	Kaune, W.T., Richland, WA 99352, United States	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Bioelectromagnetics Periodical, Abbrev. Bioelectromagnetics Pub Date Free Form / Volume 23 Issue 3 Start Page 177 Other Pages 188 Notes Place of Publication ISSN/ISBN 0197-8462 Accession Number Language SubFile DOI Output Language Unknown(0) PMID Abstract An epidemiological study conducted by Savitz et al. reported that residential wire codes were more strongly associated with childhood cancer than were measured magnetic fields, a peculiar result because wire codes were originally developed to be a surrogate for residential magnetic fields. The primary purpose of the study reported here, known as the Back to Denver (BTD) study, was to obtain data to help in the interpretation of the original results of Savitz et al. The BTD study included 81 homes that had been occupied by case and control subjects of Savitz et al., stratified by wire code as follows: 18 high current configuration (HCC) case homes; 20 HCC control homes; 20 low current configuration (LCC) case homes; and 23 LCC control homes. Analysis of new data acquired in these homes led to the following previously unpublished conclusions. The home-averaged (i.e., mean of fields measured in subjects' bedrooms, family/living rooms, and rooms where meals normally eaten) spot 60 Hz, 180 Hz, and harmonic (i.e., 60-420 Hz) magnetic fields were associated with wire codes. The 180 Hz and harmonic components, but not the 60 Hz component, were associated with case/control status. Measured static magnetic fields were only weakly correlated (r â‰ˆ 0.2) between rooms in homes. The BTD data provide little support for, but are too sparse to definitively test, the 1995 resonance hypothesis proposed by Bowman et al. Case and control homes had similar concentrations of copper in their tap water. Copper concentration was not associated with wire codes nor with the level of electric current carried by a home's water pipe. These results of the BTD study suggest that future case/control studies investigating power frequency magnetic fields might wish to include measurements of 180 Hz or harmonic magnetic fields in order to examine their associations (if any) with disease status. Â© 2002 Wiley-Liss, Inc. Descriptors copper, tap water, article, case control study, child, childhood cancer, concentration (parameters), controlled study, correlation analysis, electric current, electricity, home, human, magnetic field, pipeline, priority journal, United States, water quality Links Book Title Database Embase; MEDLINE Publisher Data Source Embase Authors Kaune,W. T., Dovan,T., Kavet,R. I., Savitz,D. A., Neutra,R. R. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic PMCID Editors
Contact Voltage Measured in Residences: Implications to the Association between Magnetic Fields and Childhood Leukemia	2002	Kavet, R., Environment Department, EPRI, Palo Alto, CA 94303, United States	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Bioelectromagnetics Periodical, Abbrev. Bioelectromagnetics Pub Date Free Form / Volume 23 Issue 6 Start Page 464 Other Pages 474 Notes Place of Publication ISSN/ISBN 0197-8462 Accession Number Language SubFile DOI Output Language Unknown(0) PMID Abstract We measured magnetic fields and two sources of contact current in 36 homes in Pittsfield, MA. The first source, VP-W is the voltage due to current in the grounding wire, which extends from the service panel neutral to the water service line. This voltage can cause contact current to flow upon simultaneous contact with a metallic part of the water system, such as the faucet, and the frame of an appliance, which is connected to the panel neutral through the equipment-grounding conductor. The second is VW-E, the voltage between the water pipe and earth, attributable to ground currents in the water system and magnetic induction from nearby power lines. In homes with conductive water systems and drains, VW-E can produce a voltage between the faucet and drain, which may produce contact current into an individual contacting the faucet while immersed in a bathtub. VP-W was not strongly correlated to the magnetic field (both log transformed) (r = 0.28; P < 0.1). On the other hand, VW-E was correlated to the residential magnetic field (both log transformed) (r=0.54; P < 0.001), with the highest voltages occurring in homes near high voltage transmission lines, most likely due to magnetic induction on the grounding system. This correlation, combined with both frequent exposure opportunity for bathing children and substantial dose to bone marrow resulting from contact, lead us to suggest that contact current due to VW-E could explain the association between high residential magnetic fields and childhood leukemia. Â© 2002 Wiley-Liss, Inc. Descriptors article, bone marrow cell, childhood disease, conductor, contact voltage, correlation analysis, disease association, dose response, electric potential, equipment design, flow measurement, human, immersion, leukemia, magnetic field, priority journal, residential magnetic field, water supply Links Book Title Database Embase; MEDLINE Publisher Data Source Embase Authors Kavet,R., Zaffanella,L. E. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic PMCID Editors
The possible role of contact current in cancer risk associated with residential magnetic fields.	2000	Kavet, R., EPRI, Palo Alto, California 94303, USA.	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Bioelectromagnetics Periodical, Abbrev. Bioelectromagnetics Pub Date Free Form / Volume 21 Issue 7 Start Page 538 Other Pages 553 Notes Place of Publication ISSN/ISBN 0197-8462 Accession Number Language SubFile DOI Output Language Unknown(0) PMID Abstract Residential electrical wiring safety practices in the US result in the possibility of a small voltage (up to a few tenths of a volt) on appliance surfaces with respect to water pipes or other grounded surfaces. This "open circuit voltage" (V(OC)) will cause "contact current" to flow in a person who touches the appliance and completes an electrical circuit to ground. This paper presents data suggesting that contact current due to V(OC) is an exposure that may explain the reported associations of residential magnetic fields with childhood leukemia. Our analysis is based on a computer model of a 40 house (single-unit, detached dwelling) neighborhood with electrical service that is representative of US grounding practices. The analysis was motivated by recent research suggesting that the physical location of power lines in the backyard, in contrast to the street, may be relevant to a relationship of power lines with childhood leukemia. In the model, the highest magnetic field levels and V(OC)s were both associated with backyard lines, and the highest V(OC)s were also associated with long ground paths in the residence. Across the entire neighborhood, magnetic field exposure was highly correlated with V(OC) (r = 0.93). Dosimetric modeling indicates that, compared to a very high residential level of a uniform horizontal magnetic field (10 mu T) or a vertical electric field (100 V/m), a modest level of contact current (approximately 18 mu A) leads to considerably greater induced electric fields (> 1 mV/m) averaged across tissue, such as bone marrow and heart. The correlation of V(OC) with magnetic fields in the model, combined with the dose estimates, lead us to conclude that V(OC) is a potentially important exposure with respect to childhood leukemia risks associated with residential magnetic fields. These findings, nonetheless, may not apply to residential service used in several European countries or to the Scandinavian studies concerned with populations exposed to magnetic fields from overhead transmission lines. Copyright 2000 Wiley-Liss, Inc. Descriptors article, biological model, child, comparative study, electromagnetic field, human, leukemia, radiation injury, radiometry, risk factor, United States Links Book Title Database MEDLINE Publisher Data Source Embase Authors Kavet,R., Zaffanella,L. E., Daigle,J. P., Ebi,K. L. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic PMCID Editors
Emerging adulthood themes and hookah use among college students in Southern California	2016	Keck School of Medicine of USC, 2001 N. Soto Street, 3rd Floor Mail, Los Angeles, CA 90032. Electronic address: allem@usc.edu.; Keck School of Medicine of USC, 2001 N. Soto Street, 3rd Floor Mail, Los Angeles, CA 90032.	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Addictive Behaviors Periodical, Abbrev. Addict.Behav. Pub Date Free Form Oct Volume 61 Issue Start Page 16 Other Pages 19 Notes LR: 20160623; CI: Copyright (c) 2016; GR: P50 CA180905/CA/NCI NIH HHS/United States; JID: 7603486; NIHMS788116; OID: NLM: NIHMS788116 [Available on 10/01/17]; OID: NLM: PMC4915989 [Available on 10/01/17]; OTO: NOTNLM; PMCR: 2017/10/01 00:00; 2015/11/11 [r Place of Publication England ISSN/ISBN 1873-6327; 0306-4603 Accession Number PMID: 27208879 Language eng SubFile Journal Article; IM DOI 10.1016/j.addbeh.2016.05.002 [doi] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 27208879 Abstract INTRODUCTION: Hookah (or waterpipe) use is increasing worldwide with implications for public health. Emerging adults (ages 18 to 25) have a higher risk for hookah use relative to younger and older groups. While research on the correlates of hookah use among emerging adults begins to accumulate, it may be useful to examine how transition-to-adulthood themes, or specific thoughts and feelings regarding emerging adulthood, are associated with hookah use. This study determined which transition-to-adulthood themes were associated with hookah use to understand the risk and protective factors for this tobacco-related behavior. METHODS: Participants (n=555; 79% female; mean age 22) completed surveys on demographic characteristics, transition-to-adulthood themes, hookah, and cigarette use. RESULTS: Past-month hookah use was more common than past-month cigarette use (16% versus 12%). In logistic regression analyses, participants who felt emerging adulthood was a time of experimentation/possibility were more likely to report hookah use. However, transition-to-adulthood themes were not statistically significantly related to cigarette use. CONCLUSIONS: The profile for hookah use may differ from that of cigarettes among emerging adults. Themes of experimentation/possibility should be addressed in prevention programs on college campuses and popular recreational spots where emerging adults congregate. These findings can inform future studies of risk and protective factors for hookah use among emerging adults. Descriptors Links Book Title Database Publisher Elsevier Ltd Data Source Authors Allem,J.P., Unger,J.B. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic 20160504 PMCID PMC4915989 Editors
The Importance of Debiasing Social Media Data to Better Understand E-Cigarette-Related Attitudes and Behaviors	2016	Keck School of Medicine, Department of Preventive Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States. allem@usc.edu.	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Journal of medical Internet research Periodical, Abbrev. J.Med.Internet Res. Pub Date Free Form 9-Aug Volume 18 Issue 8 Start Page e219 Other Pages Notes JID: 100959882; OTO: NOTNLM; 2016/06/09 [received]; 2016/07/27 [accepted]; epublish Place of Publication Canada ISSN/ISBN 1438-8871; 1438-8871 Accession Number PMID: 27507563 Language eng SubFile Journal Article; IM DOI 10.2196/jmir.6185 [doi] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 27507563 Abstract Descriptors Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Allem,J.P., Ferrara,E. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic 20160809 PMCID Editors
Effects of maternal smoking during pregnancy and environmental tobacco smoke on asthma and wheezing in children	2001	Keck School of Medicine, Department of Preventive Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90033, USA. gillilland@hsc.usc.edu	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine Periodical, Abbrev. Am.J.Respir.Crit.Care Med. Pub Date Free Form Feb Volume 163 Issue 2 Start Page 429 Other Pages 436 Notes LR: 20071114; GR: 1R01 HL61768-01/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/United States; GR: 5P01 ES09581/ES/NIEHS NIH HHS/United States; GR: 5P30 ES07048-02/ES/NIEHS NIH HHS/United States; GR: R826708-01/PHS HHS/United States; JID: 9421642; 0 (Tobacco Smoke Pollution); ppublis Place of Publication United States ISSN/ISBN 1073-449X; 1073-449X Accession Number PMID: 11179118 Language eng SubFile Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.; AIM; IM DOI 10.1164/ajrccm.163.2.2006009 [doi] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 11179118 Abstract The effects of maternal smoking during pregnancy and childhood environmental tobacco smoke (ETS) exposure on asthma and wheezing were investigated in 5,762 school-aged children residing in 12 Southern California communities. Responses to a self- administered questionnaire completed by parents of 4th, 7th, and 10th grade students were used to ascertain children with wheezing or physician-diagnosed asthma. Lifetime household exposures to tobacco smoke were assessed using responses about past and current smoking histories of household members and any history of maternal smoking during pregnancy. Logistic regression models were fitted to cross-sectional data to estimate the effects of in utero exposure to maternal smoking and previous and current ETS exposure on the prevalence of wheezing and physician-diagnosed asthma. In utero exposure to maternal smoking without subsequent postnatal ETS exposure was associated with increased prevalence of physician-diagnosed asthma (OR, 1.8; 95% CI, 1.1 to 2.9), asthma with current symptoms (OR, 2.3; 95% CI, 1.3 to 4.0), asthma requiring medication use in the previous 12 mo (OR, 2.1; 95% CI, 1.2 to 3.6), lifetime history of wheezing (OR, 1.8; 95% CI, 1.2 to 2.6), current wheezing with colds (OR, 2.1; 95% CI, 1.3 to 3.4) and without colds (OR, 2.5; 95% CI, 1.4 to 4.4), persistent wheezing (OR, 3.1; 95% CI, 1.6 to 6.1), wheezing with exercise (OR, 2.4; 95% CI; 1.3 to 4.3), attacks of wheezing causing shortness of breath (OR, 2.4; 95% CI, 1.3 to 4.4) or awakening at night in the previous 12 mo (OR, 3.2; 95% CI, 1.7 to 5.8), and wheezing requiring medication (OR, 2.1; 95% CI, 1.2 to 3.7) or emergency room visits during the previous year (OR, 3.4; 95% CI, 1.4 to 7.8). In contrast, current and previous ETS exposure was not associated with asthma prevalence, but was consistently associated with subcategories of wheezing. Current ETS exposure was associated with lifetime wheezing (OR, 1.3; 95% CI, 1.1 to 1.5), current wheezing with colds (OR, 1.6; 95% CI, 1.3 to 2.0) and without colds (OR, 1.5; 95% CI, 1.1 to 1.9), wheezing with exercise (OR, 1.7; 95% CI, 1.3 to 2.2), attacks of wheezing causing shortness of breath (OR, 1.6; 95% CI, 1.2 to 2.1) or awakening at night (OR, 1.5; 95% CI, 1.1 to 2.0), and wheezing requiring medication (OR, 1.4; 95% CI, 1.1 to 1.8) or emergency room visits within the previous year (OR, 1.9; 95% CI, 1.2 to 3.0). The effects of current ETS exposure on subcategories of wheezing were most pronounced among children exposed to two or more smokers and remained significant after adjusting for maternal smoking during pregnancy. We conclude that maternal smoking during pregnancy increases the occurrence of physician-diagnosed asthma and wheezing during childhood. In contrast, current ETS exposure is associated with wheezing, but not physician-diagnosed asthma. Taken together, our findings support the hypothesis that ETS operates as a cofactor with other insults such as intercurrent infections as a trigger of wheezing attacks, rather than as a factor that induces asthma, whereas in utero exposure acts to increase physician-diagnosed asthma Descriptors Adolescent, Asthma/etiology, California, Child, Child, Preschool, Female, Humans, Infant, Infant, Newborn, Male, Pregnancy, Respiratory Sounds/etiology, Risk Factors, Smoking/adverse effects, Tobacco Smoke Pollution/adverse effects Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Gilliland,F. D., Li,Y. F., Peters,J. M. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic PMCID Editors

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