WTS database

Title	Pub Year	SearchLink
The tobacco epidemic in Syria	2006	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Tob Control Periodical, Abbrev. Tob.Control Pub Date Free Form Volume 15 Suppl 1 Issue Start Page i24 Other Pages 9 Notes ID: 16723671 Place of Publication ISSN/ISBN Accession Number Language en SubFile DOI Output Language Unknown(0) PMID Abstract BACKGROUND: The Syrian Center for Tobacco Studies (SCTS) was established in response to the smoking epidemic in Syria and lack of local knowledge and expertise to confront it. OBJECTIVES: To (1) study tobacco use and local smoking practices using both qualitative and quantitative research methods; (2) develop and test an effective smoking cessation intervention for the Syrian environment; and (3) train Syrian researchers. METHODS AND RESULTS: The Aleppo Household Survey involved a representative sample of adults in Aleppo (2038 subjects, 45.2% men, mean age 35.3 years, response rate 86%). The prevalence of cigarette smoking was 56.9% among men and 17.0% among women, while the prevalence of waterpipe smoking was 20.2% among men and 4.8% among women. Daily use predominated for cigarettes (29.0%), while the opposite was seen in waterpipe use with 10.6% smoking occasionally. Interest in quitting was greater for cigarette than waterpipe smokers (74.0% v 48.6%), while quit rates were higher for waterpipe compared to cigarettes (28.2% v 16.5%). In-depth ethnographic interviews with smokers show that smoking waterpipe is often viewed as an aesthetic enjoyable experience, while smoking cigarettes is viewed as a mundane anxiety-relieving addiction. Clinical laboratory studies reveal that both waterpipe and cigarette smokers in Syria are exposed to smoke toxicants and exhibit dependence symptoms. CONCLUSIONS: All these data have been used iteratively to adapt smoking cessation interventions from developed countries to suit the local Syrian environment. Research conducted in the SCTS to date has provided a fertile training ground for Syrian researchers, as well as for the building of regional collaborations. Descriptors Public Health, Smoking/epidemiology, Adult, Aged, Disease Outbreaks, Evidence-Based Medicine, Female, Health Policy, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Smoking Cessation/methods, Syria/epidemiology Links http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2563543/?tool=pubmed Book Title Database MEDLINE; http://www.globalhealthlibrary.net/ Publisher Data Source Authors Ward,K. D., Eissenberg,T., Rastam,S., Asfar,T., Mzayek,F., Fouad,M. F., Hammal,F., Mock,J., Maziak,W. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic PMCID Editors
Characteristics of U.S. waterpipe users: a preliminary report	2007	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Nicotine Tob Res Periodical, Abbrev. Nicotine Tob.Res. Pub Date Free Form Volume 9 Issue 12 Start Page 1339 Other Pages 46 Notes ID: 18058352 Place of Publication ISSN/ISBN Accession Number Language en SubFile DOI Output Language Unknown(0) PMID Abstract Waterpipe smoking, a traditional method of tobacco use, has experienced a resurgence in the Middle East and Indian subcontinent in recent years. Despite growing evidence of its dependence potential and health-damaging effects, waterpipe use has spread beyond these regions to many other countries, including the United States. Because little is known about waterpipe use in the United States, we surveyed convenience samples of users from two U.S. cities, Richmond, Virginia (n = 109), and Memphis, Tennessee (n = 34). Respondents in both cities were primarily young adults, a majority (75%) were men, and most were college students or had a college degree. Initial and current use usually occurred in a social context, with a group of friends in a cafe or restaurant or at home. Most respondents had smoked waterpipe for 2 or fewer years, and 67% currently smoked at least once a month (22% smoked at least once per week and 10% smoked daily). Most believed waterpipe use to be less addictive and harmful than cigarette smoking, believed they could quit use at any time, but had no plans or desire to quit. A majority of respondents used other tobacco products such as cigarettes, and 35% of those who did not smoke cigarettes said they would "probably" or "definitely" smoke one in the next year. Multivariate correlates of greater frequency of use included younger age at first use, ownership of a waterpipe, use occurring primarily with groups of friends, and the perception of being "hooked." Waterpipe users in these two convenience samples from the United States were young and educated, tended to experiment with multiple forms of tobacco, were unaware of the potentially harmful and addictive properties of waterpipe use, and planned to continue use in the future. Educational efforts are needed to increase awareness of the potential hazards of this increasingly popular form of tobacco use. Descriptors Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice, Nebulizers and Vaporizers, Smoking/epidemiology, Tobacco Use Disorder/epidemiology, Administration, Inhalation, Adult, Chi-Square Distribution, Female, Health Behavior, Humans, Male, Multivariate Analysis, Risk-Taking, Smoking/psychology, Social Perception, Questionnaires, Tennessee/epidemiology, Tobacco Use Disorder/psychology, Virginia/epidemiology, Water Links http://pesquisa.bvsalud.org/ghl/resource/en/mdl-18058352 Book Title Database MEDLINE; http://www.globalhealthlibrary.net/ Publisher Data Source Authors Ward,Kenneth D., Eissenberg,Thomas, Gray,Jennifer N., Srinivas,Vidya, Wilson,Nancy, Maziak,Wasim Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic PMCID Editors
Are waterpipe users interested in quitting?	2005	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Nicotine Tob Res Periodical, Abbrev. Nicotine Tob.Res. Pub Date Free Form Volume 7 Issue 1 Start Page 149 Other Pages 56 Notes ID: 15804687 Place of Publication ISSN/ISBN Accession Number Language en SubFile DOI Output Language Unknown(0) PMID Abstract Waterpipe smoking has increased dramatically worldwide in recent years, with an estimated 100 million daily users. Research on this traditional Middle Eastern tobacco use method is in its infancy, and little is known about users' cessation-related attitudes and experiences. A random sample of 268 narghile (waterpipe) smokers (40% female; mean age = 30 years; range = 18-68) was obtained from cafes and restaurants in Aleppo, Syria. The majority of users (86.5%) believed they could quit using waterpipes at any time, but that belief was inversely related to perceived dependence, with only 48.7% of those who thought they were "very hooked" believing they could quit. Interest in quitting was expressed by 28.4% of subjects, with the majority (89.2%) reporting health concerns as a primary reason, and 59.2% having made an unsuccessful quit attempt in the past year. In a logistic regression model, independent predictors of interest in quitting included being married, having smoked for fewer years, not increasing the frequency of smoking over time, and having family members who do not smoke a waterpipe and disapprove of its use. Results indicate that a sizable percentage of waterpipe users express interest in quitting and have tried unsuccessfully in the past to quit. Waterpipe use needs to be considered in developing effective tobacco use cessation programs in the Middle East. Descriptors Attitude to Health, Intention, Smoking Cessation/psychology, Smoking/psychology, Tobacco Use Disorder/psychology, Adult, Aged, Analysis of Variance, Chi-Square Distribution, Cross-Sectional Studies, Female, Humans, Logistic Models, Male, Middle Aged, Smoking/prevention & control, Smoking Cessation/methods, Social Perception, Questionnaires, Syria, Tobacco Use Disorder/prevention & control Links http://pesquisa.bvsalud.org/ghl/resource/en/mdl-15804687 Book Title Database MEDLINE; http://www.globalhealthlibrary.net/ Publisher Data Source Authors Ward,Kenneth D., Hammal,Fadi, VanderWeg,Mark W., Eissenberg,Thomas, Asfar,Taghrid, Rastam,Samer, Maziak,Wasim Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic PMCID Editors
Waterpipe smoking among American military recruits	2006	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Prev Med Periodical, Abbrev. Prev.Med. Pub Date Free Form Volume 43 Issue 2 Start Page 92 Other Pages 7 Notes ID: 16675003 Place of Publication ISSN/ISBN Accession Number Language en SubFile DOI Output Language Unknown(0) PMID Abstract BACKGROUND: Waterpipe smoking, a traditional Middle Eastern tobacco use method, has increased dramatically among Arab adolescents and young adults. Anecdotal evidence also suggests that usage is on the rise among young people in the U.S., but epidemiological data are lacking. METHODS: From self-report health surveys collected during 1999-2002, we examined the prevalence and predictors of waterpipe use among U.S. Air Force recruits (n = 20,673; mean age = 20.0 years; range = 17-35). RESULTS: Waterpipe use was reported by 0.3% (n = 59) of recruits and was unrelated to age, gender, ethnicity, or family income. Compared to non-users, waterpipe users were more likely to plan to smoke cigarettes in the coming year (P value < 0.05) and to believe that switching from cigarettes to other tobacco products reduces smoking-related health risks (P values < 0.002). Multivariate (logistic regression) analyses revealed several factors that distinguished waterpipe users from non-users, including higher education level (odds ratio OR] = 1.94), having experimented with cigarettes before Basic Military Training (BMT; OR = 1.99), and using cigarettes (OR = 2.17) and other tobacco products (OR = 13.81) at the time of entry into BMT. Compared to recruits who used cigarettes only, waterpipe smokers were more educated (OR = 1.83), more likely to have engaged in experimental (OR = 3.30) or regular (OR = 3.87) use of tobacco products other than cigarettes prior to BMT, and less likely to have been a current (OR = 0.10) or former (OR = 0.11) smoker at the time of entry into BMT. CONCLUSION: Despite concerns that waterpipe smoking is increasing among young people in the U.S., use was low among military recruits. Descriptors Military Personnel/statistics & numerical data, Risk-Taking, Smoking/epidemiology, Adolescent, Adult, Female, Humans, Male, Multivariate Analysis, Prevalence, Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic, Smoking/prevention & control, Questionnaires, United States/epidemiology Links http://pesquisa.bvsalud.org/ghl/resource/en/mdl-16675003 Book Title Database MEDLINE; http://www.globalhealthlibrary.net/ Publisher Data Source Authors Ward,Kenneth D., Vander Weg,Mark,W., Relyea,George, Debon,Margaret, Klesges,Robert C. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic PMCID Editors
Change in tobacco use among 13-15 year olds between 1999 and 2008: findings from the Global Youth Tobacco Survey	2009	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Glob Health Promot Periodical, Abbrev. Pub Date Free Form Volume 16 Issue 2 Start Page 38 Other Pages 90 Notes ID: 19770234 Place of Publication ISSN/ISBN Accession Number Language en SubFile DOI Output Language Unknown(0) PMID Abstract Tobacco use is the leading preventable cause of death and disease in the world; yet little is known about the levels or patterns of youth tobacco use on a global basis. The purpose of this paper is to focus on change in youth tobacco use using data from 100 sites that have conducted repeat Global Youth Tobacco Surveys (GYTS). The GYTS is a school-based survey that collects data from students aged 13-15 years using a standardized methodology for constructing the sample frame, selecting schools and classes, and processing data. GYTS is conducted in school classes using self-administered anonymous data collection. The GYTS sample produces representative, independent, cross-sectional estimates for each sampling frame. Of the 100 sites surveyed, 61 reported no change over time in prevalence of cigarette smoking, likewise in 50 of the 97 sites with data on use of other tobacco products there was no change. However, 34 sites reported an increase in other tobacco use. This appears to be attributed to waterpipe, an emerging trend in tobacco use. Evidence was found supporting the idea that tobacco use among adolescent girls is likely increasing. The global tobacco control effort continues to face many challenges in reversing the tobacco epidemic. Few countries have implemented comprehensive tobacco control legislation laid out by the World Health Organization. The few countries that have adopted some of these proven policies can serve as examples in achieving positive results in curbing the tobacco epidemic. Descriptors Data Collection, Global Health, Population Surveillance, Smoking/epidemiology, Adolescent, Female, Humans, Male Links http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1757975909342192 Book Title Database MEDLINE; http://www.globalhealthlibrary.net/ Publisher Data Source Authors Warren,Charles W., Lea,Veronica, Lee,Juliette, Jones,Nathan R., Asma,Samira, McKenna,Matthew Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic PMCID Editors
The frequency of Barrett's esophagus in high-risk patients with chronic GERD	2005	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Gastrointestinal endoscopy Periodical, Abbrev. Gastrointest.Endosc. Pub Date Free Form Feb Volume 61 Issue 2 Start Page 226 Other Pages 231 Notes LR: 20061115; JID: 0010505; ppublish Place of Publication United States ISSN/ISBN 0016-5107; 0016-5107 Accession Number PMID: 15729230 Language eng SubFile Comparative Study; Journal Article; IM DOI S0016510704025891 [pii] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 15729230 Abstract BACKGROUND: The reported frequency of Barrett's esophagus (BE) in patients with reflux symptoms varies from 5% to 15%. The exact frequency of long-segment BE (LSBE) (>3 cm) and short-segment BE (SSBE) ( 50 years) who sought medical attention is 13.2%, with the majority (64%) having SSBE. These data suggest that the frequency of BE in patients with GERD has not changed. The true prevalence of BE in the general population, including those who do not seek care, is undoubtedly lower, currently and historically. The majority of patients with BE are overweight and have a hiatal hernia. Demographic data for patients with LSBE and SSBE are similar, indicating that these are a continuum of the same process. Descriptors Adult, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Barrett Esophagus/epidemiology/etiology/pathology, Chronic Disease, Esophagoscopy, Female, Gastroesophageal Reflux/complications, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Risk Factors Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Westhoff,B., Brotze,S., Weston,A., McElhinney,C., Cherian,R., Mayo,M. S., Smith,H. J., Sharma,P. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic PMCID Editors
A water pipe/steam producer with circulating coal dust fuelling and gas desulfurizing installation inside the combustion chamber	1986	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Periodical, Abbrev. WARME Pub Date Free Form 1986/ Volume 92 Issue 6 Start Page 99 Other Pages 103 Notes Place of Publication ISSN/ISBN Accession Number Language SubFile DOI Output Language Unknown(0) PMID Abstract Descriptors coal, nitrogen oxide, sulfur dioxide, air quality control, desulfurization, dust, flue gas, nonhuman, theoretical study Links Book Title EIN WASSERROHR-DAMPFERZEUGER MIT ZIRKULIERENDER KOHLENSTAUBFEUERUNG UND BRENNKAMMERINTERNER RAUCHGASENTSCHWEFELUNG Database Embase Publisher Data Source Embase Authors Wieser,R. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic PMCID Editors
Study on Medical Water Processing and Supply System in Field Operation	1993	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Chinese Medical Equipment Journal Periodical, Abbrev. Pub Date Free Form Volume 0 Issue 6 Start Page Other Pages Notes ID: 590219 Place of Publication ISSN/ISBN Accession Number Language Ch SubFile DOI Output Language Unknown(0) PMID Abstract Objective To develop a complete set of medical water processing and supply system to meet the needs of water in field operations for emergency rescues and disaster relief work, filed advance drill, etc. Methods A complete set of medical water processing and supply system was composed of two parts, including water processing system and water supply system. The means of filtrating, precipitating, sterilizing, adsorbing and ion regulating were adopted in water processing system to purify the water from primitive and to pure state for living or medical treatment. The techniques and equipments such as pressurizing, buffering, current regulating and special pipes, valves, fast joints, etc, were adopted in water supply system, and high performance water-pipe network were established. Results The water processing and supply system has some disadvantages, such as water quality guarantee, water quantity abundance, water flow stabilization, water pressure qualification, and system safety, credibility, low failure-ratio, energy saving etc, and can meet the needs of medical water in field operations. Conclusion The water system can be carried out by design optimizing and can realize mobile and emergencies. Descriptors Links http://pesquisa.bvsalud.org/ghl/resource/en/wpro-590219 Book Title Database GHL; http://www.globalhealthlibrary.net/ Publisher Data Source Authors yang guo-bin, yi,su, wang chun-hui, hu xin-yong Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic PMCID Editors
2-(1H-Benzoimidazol-2-yl)-6-ethoxy-phenol	2009	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Acta crystallographica.Section E, Structure reports online Periodical, Abbrev. Acta Crystallogr.Sect.E.Struct.Rep.Online Pub Date Free Form 14-Mar Volume 65 Issue Pt 4 Start Page o745 Other Pages 6 Notes LR: 20111209; JID: 101089178; OID: NLM: PMC2969036; 2009/03/02 [received]; 2009/03/05 [accepted]; 2009/03/14 [epublish]; epublish Place of Publication England ISSN/ISBN 1600-5368; 1600-5368 Accession Number PMID: 21582478 Language eng SubFile Journal Article DOI 10.1107/S1600536809008071 [doi] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 21582478 Abstract The title Schiff base compound, C(15)H(14)N(2)O(2), consists of two crystallographically independent mol-ecules, A and B. Mol-ecule A is almost planar, whereas mol-ecule B is slightly twisted, the dihedral angles between the benzimidazole group and the benzene rings being 2.65 (12) and 13.17 (15) degrees , respectively. The methyl group of mol-ecule B is disordered over two positions, with a refined site-occupancy ratio of 0.581 (7):0.419 (7). In each mol-ecule, intra-molecular O-Hcdots, three dots, centeredN hydrogen bonds generate S(6) ring motifs. In the crystal structure, both types of mol-ecules are linked via inter-molecular bifurcated N-Hcdots, three dots, centeredO hydrogen bonds into one-dimensional extended chains along [010] and form R(1) (2)(5) ring motifs. The crystal structure is further stabilized by inter-molecular C-Hcdots, three dots, centeredpi and pi-pi inter-actions [centroid-centroid distances = 3.4758 (16)-3.596 (2) A]. Descriptors Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Yeap,C. S., Kargar,H., Kia,R., Jamshidvand,A., Fun,H. K. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic 20090314 PMCID PMC2969036 Editors
3-Ethyl 5-methyl 2-hydr-oxy-6-methyl-4-(4-nitro-phen-yl)-2-trifluoro-methyl-1,2,3,4-tetra-hydro-py ridine-3,5-dicarboxyl-ate	2008	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Acta crystallographica.Section E, Structure reports online Periodical, Abbrev. Acta Crystallogr.Sect.E.Struct.Rep.Online Pub Date Free Form 9-Aug Volume 64 Issue Pt 9 Start Page o1737 Other Pages Notes LR: 20111209; JID: 101089178; OID: NLM: PMC2960706; 2008/07/22 [received]; 2008/08/02 [accepted]; 2008/08/09 [epublish]; epublish Place of Publication England ISSN/ISBN 1600-5368; 1600-5368 Accession Number PMID: 21201720 Language eng SubFile Journal Article DOI 10.1107/S1600536808024835 [doi] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 21201720 Abstract In the title compound, C(18)H(19)F(3)N(2)O(7), the tetrahydropyridine ring adopts a half-chair conformation. The nitro group is disordered over two sites with occupancies of 0.780 (15) and 0.220 (15). An intra-molecular N-Hcdots, three dots, centeredF hydrogen bond is observed in the mol-ecular structure. The mol-ecules are linked into a two-dimensional network parallel to (100) by O-Hcdots, three dots, centeredO, N-Hcdots, three dots, centeredO and C-Hcdots, three dots, centeredO hydrogen bonds. Descriptors Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Yu,C. X., Qian,P. L., Ping,J. J., Yao,C. S. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic 20080809 PMCID PMC2960706 Editors

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