WTS database

Title	Pub Year	Author Sort descending	SearchLink
The menopausal experience among indigenous women of Sarawak, Malaysia	2009	Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Malaysia Sarawak, Kuching.	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Climacteric : the journal of the International Menopause Society Periodical, Abbrev. Climacteric Pub Date Free Form Dec Volume 12 Issue 6 Start Page 548 Other Pages 556 Notes LR: 20151119; JID: 9810959; ppublish Place of Publication England ISSN/ISBN 1473-0804; 1369-7137 Accession Number PMID: 19905907 Language eng SubFile Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; IM DOI 10.3109/13697130902919519 [doi] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 19905907 Abstract OBJECTIVES: To document the common menopausal symptoms and quality of life in indigenous women of Sarawak in Malaysia. METHODS: A face-to-face interview using the Menopause-specific Quality of Life questionnaire was conducted with 276 indigenous Sarawakian women aged 40-65 years to determine the mean age of menopause and common symptoms (divided into vasomotor, psychosocial, physical and sexual domains) associated with menopause. RESULTS: The mean age at menopause of postmenopausal women was 50.78 +/- 2.47 years (range 47.3-58.2 years). The most common symptoms reported were aching in muscles and joints (82.6%), lack of energy (77.5%) and low backache (77.2%). The typical menopausal symptoms of hot flushes, night sweats, sweating and vaginal dryness were experienced by 42.4%, 34.8%, 29.7% and 49.3%, respectively of the women studied. Perimenopausal women (n = 114) experienced the most physical and psychosocial symptoms, while postmenopausal women (n = 102) experienced most sexual symptoms. Perimenopausal and postmenopausal women were reported to suffer more than premenopausal women (p < 0.001) within the four domains of symptoms (vasomotor, psychosocial, physical and sexual). CONCLUSIONS: The menopausal symptoms in this study correspond to those in other studies on Asian women but the prevalence of typical and classical menopausal symptoms was lower compared to studies on Caucasian women. The perimenopausal women had the most significant decrease in quality of life, followed by postmenopausal women and premenopausal women. Vasomotor symptoms had a predominant influence on the quality of life. Descriptors Adult, Aged, Arthralgia, Cross-Sectional Studies, Educational Status, Fatigue, Female, Hot Flashes/epidemiology, Humans, Low Back Pain/epidemiology, Malaysia/epidemiology, Menopause/physiology/psychology, Middle Aged, Postmenopause/physiology/psychology, Quality of Life, Sexual Dysfunction, Physiological/epidemiology, Surveys and Questionnaires, Sweating Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Syed Alwi,S. A., Lee,P. Y., Awi,I., Mallik,P. S., Md Haizal,M. N. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic PMCID Editors
Epidemiology and risk factors of uninvestigated dyspepsia, irritable bowel syndrome, and gastroesophageal reflux disease among students of Damascus University, Syria	2016	Faculty of Medicine, Damascus University, Mazzeh Street, Damascus, Syrian Arab Republic. Electronic address: tareq145@gmail.com.; University of Kentucky, Internal Medicine, Lexington, KY, USA.; Faculty of Medicine, Damascus University, Mazzeh Street, Dama	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Journal of epidemiology and global health Periodical, Abbrev. J.Epidemiol.Glob.Health. Pub Date Free Form 5-Aug Volume Issue Start Page Other Pages Notes LR: 20160808; CI: Copyright (c) 2016; JID: 101592084; OTO: NOTNLM; 2015/09/05 [received]; 2016/07/11 [revised]; 2016/07/16 [accepted]; aheadofprint Place of Publication ISSN/ISBN 2210-6014; 2210-6006 Accession Number PMID: 27501053 Language ENG SubFile JOURNAL ARTICLE DOI S2210-6006(15)30051-4 [pii] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 27501053 Abstract Uninvestigated dyspepsia (UD), irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), and gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) are common disorders universally. Many studies have assessed their epidemiological characteristics around the world. However, such information is not known for Syria. We aim to estimate the epidemiologic characteristics and possible risk factors for UD, IBS, and GERD among students at Damascus University, Damascus, Syria. A cross-sectional study was conducted in July-September 2015 at a campus of Damascus University. A total of 320 students were randomly asked to complete the survey. We used ROME III criteria to define UD and IBS, and Montreal definition for GERD. In total, 302 valid participants were included in the analysis. Prevalence for UD, IBS, and GERD was 25%, 17%, and 16%, respectively. Symptom overlap was present in 46 students (15%), with UD+IBS in 28 (9.3%), UD+GERD in 26 (8.6%), and IBS+GERD in 14 (4.6%) students. Eleven (3.6%) students had symptoms of UD+IBS+GERD. Each of these overlaps occurred more frequently than expected by chance. Significant risk factors included cigarettes, waterpipe consumption, and body mass index Descriptors Links Book Title Database Publisher . Published by Elsevier Ltd Data Source Authors Saadi,T.A., Idris,A., Turk,T., Alkhatib,M. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic 20160805 PMCID Editors
Waterpipe smoking: prevalence and attitudes among medical students in London	2013	Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College, London, UK. mohammed.jawad06@imperial.ac.uk	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full The international journal of tuberculosis and lung disease : the official journal of the International Union against Tuberculosis and Lung Disease Periodical, Abbrev. Int.J.Tuberc.Lung Dis. Pub Date Free Form Jan Volume 17 Issue 1 Start Page 137 Other Pages 140 Notes LR: 20130926; JID: 9706389; EIN: Int J Tuberc Lung Dis. 2013 Sep;17(9):1246; ppublish Place of Publication France ISSN/ISBN 1815-7920; 1027-3719 Accession Number PMID: 23232013 Language eng SubFile Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; IM DOI 10.5588/ijtld.12.0175 [doi] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 23232013 Abstract Although waterpipe smoking is growing in popularity worldwide, its epidemiology remains poorly understood. The purpose of this study was to determine the prevalence and attitudes of waterpipe smoking among 489 medical students (54.6% female; mean age 20.4 +/- 2.0 years) in the United Kingdom by conducting a cross-sectional survey. Waterpipe smoking was more common than cigarette smoking (current 11.0% vs. 6.3%, ever 51.7% vs. 16.8%). Mean age at waterpipe smoking initiation was 16.1 +/- 2.6 years. Sex, ethnicity and sociodemographic factors did not predict current/ever waterpipe smoking. Tobacco control efforts need to consider waterpipe smoking in the light of this high prevalence. Descriptors Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Jawad,M., Abass,J., Hariri,A., Rajasooriar,K.G., Salmasi,H., Millett,C., Hamilton,F.L. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic PMCID Editors
Gender differences in smoking behavior among adolescents in Saudi Arabia	2007	Faculty of Medicine, King Fahad Medical City, College of Applied Medicine, King Saud University, PO Box 59048 Riyadh 11525, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. Abdallaali63@hotmail.com	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Saudi medical journal Periodical, Abbrev. Saudi Med.J. Pub Date Free Form Jul Volume 28 Issue 7 Start Page 1102 Other Pages 1108 Notes LR: 20141120; JID: 7909441; ppublish Place of Publication Saudi Arabia ISSN/ISBN 0379-5284; 0379-5284 Accession Number PMID: 17603720 Language eng SubFile Comparative Study; Journal Article; IM DOI 20060965' [pii] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 17603720 Abstract OBJECTIVE: To describe and assess gender differences in current cigarette smokers' according to certain variables including prevalence, access to tobacco, knowledge and attitude, environmental tobacco smoke, cessation of smoking, tobacco related advertisements, and education on tobacco in school among adolescents in grades 7-12 in Tabuk, Saudi Arabia. METHODS: A random sample of schools in Tabuk city was obtained using a 2-stage cluster, in April 2005. A total of 16 governmental schools were selected. Within the schools, 48 classes were selected, targeting grades was 7 to 12. An anonymous, self-administered questionnaire was used to select 1,505 participants, with 96% response rate. RESULTS: Out of 1,505 students, 22.3% (34% males, 11.1% females) were current cigarette smokers (students who had smoked on one or more days in the 30 days preceding the survey), and 5.8% (11.1% males, 0.7% females) were daily smokers. There were significant gender differences concerning source of cigarettes, usual place of smoke, intensity of smoking, knowledge on addiction of tobacco, exposure to education on tobacco, attitudes, and exposure to tobacco smoke in public places. While no significant gender differences were found with respect to age of initiation, knowledge of health hazards of tobacco, exposure to media, desire to quit, or exposure to tobacco smoke at home. CONCLUSION: For the suppression of the use of tobacco by adolescents in Saudi Arabia differential intervention strategies and policies in males and females are needed, such as reducing youth access to cigarettes-in addition to intensive school and community anti-tobacco programs. Descriptors Adolescent, Child, Female, Humans, Male, Psychology, Adolescent, Saudi Arabia, Sex Factors, Smoking, Smoking Cessation Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Abdalla,A. M., Al-Kaabba,A. F., Saeed,A. A., Abdulrahman,B. M., Raat,H. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic PMCID Editors
Secondhand tobacco smoke in bars and restaurants in Santiago, Chile: evaluation of partial smoking ban legislation in public places	2010	Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile. merazo@med.uchile.cl	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Tobacco control Periodical, Abbrev. Tob.Control Pub Date Free Form Dec Volume 19 Issue 6 Start Page 469 Other Pages 474 Notes LR: 20151119; GR: D43 TW 05746-02/TW/FIC NIH HHS/United States; JID: 9209612; 0 (Tobacco Smoke Pollution); 6M3C89ZY6R (Nicotine); OID: NLM: PMC2991072; 2010/08/25 [aheadofprint]; ppublish Place of Publication England ISSN/ISBN 1468-3318; 0964-4563 Accession Number PMID: 20798021 Language eng SubFile Evaluation Studies; Journal Article; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; IM DOI 10.1136/tc.2009.035402 [doi] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 20798021 Abstract OBJECTIVE: To compare air nicotine concentrations according to the smoking policy selected by bars/restaurants in Santiago, Chile before and after the enactment of partial smoking ban legislation in 2007 (establishments could be smoke free, have segregated (mixed) smoking and non-smoking areas, or allow smoking in all areas). METHODS: The study measured air nicotine concentrations over 7 days to characterise secondhand smoke exposure in 30 bars/restaurants in 2008. Owner/manager interviews and physical inspections were conducted. RESULTS: Median IQR air nicotine concentrations measured in all venues were 4.38 (0.61-13.62) mug/m(3). Air nicotine concentrations were higher in bars (median 7.22, IQR 2.48-15.64 mug/m(3)) compared to restaurants (1.12, 0.15-9.22 mug/m(3)). By smoking status, nicotine concentrations were higher in smoking venues (13.46, 5.31-16.87 mug/m(3)), followed by smoking areas in mixed venues (9.22, 5.09-14.90 mug/m(3)) and non-smoking areas in mixed venues (0.99, 0.19-1.27 mug/m(3)). Air nicotine concentrations were markedly lower in smoke-free venues (0.12, 0.11-0.46 mug/m(3)). After adjustment for differences in volume and ventilation, air nicotine concentrations were 3.2, 35.5 and 56.2 times higher in non-smoking areas in mixed venues, smoking areas in mixed venues and smoking venues, respectively, compared to smoke-free venues. CONCLUSIONS: Exposure to secondhand smoke remains high in bars and restaurants in Santiago, Chile. These findings demonstrate that the partial smoking ban legislation enacted in Chile in 2007 provides no protection to employees working in those venues. Enacting a comprehensive smoke-free legislation which protects all people from exposure to secondhand smoke in all public places and workplaces is urgently needed. Descriptors Air/analysis/legislation & jurisprudence, Air Pollution, Indoor/analysis/legislation & jurisprudence, Chile, Humans, Inhalation Exposure/analysis/legislation & jurisprudence, Nicotine/analysis, Policy, Restaurants/legislation & jurisprudence, Smoking/legislation & jurisprudence/prevention & control, Tobacco Smoke Pollution/analysis/legislation & jurisprudence, Workplace/legislation & jurisprudence Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Erazo,M., Iglesias,V., Droppelmann,A., Acuna,M., Peruga,A., Breysse,P. N., Navas-Acien,A. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic 20100825 PMCID PMC2991072 Editors
Prevalence, patterns and correlates of cigarette smoking in male adolescents in northern Jordan, and the influence of waterpipe use and asthma diagnosis: a descriptive cross-sectional study	2014	Faculty of Nursing, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid 22110, P.O. Box 3030, Jordan. nasheyab@just.edu.jo.; Division of Physical Therapy, Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, 22110 Jord	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full International journal of environmental research and public health Periodical, Abbrev. Int.J.Environ.Res.Public.Health. Pub Date Free Form 1-Sep Volume 11 Issue 9 Start Page 9008 Other Pages 9023 Notes LR: 20151029; JID: 101238455; OID: NLM: PMC4199003; 2014/07/14 [received]; 2014/08/15 [revised]; 2014/08/26 [accepted]; epublish Place of Publication Switzerland ISSN/ISBN 1660-4601; 1660-4601 Accession Number PMID: 25257355 Language eng SubFile Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; IM DOI 10.3390/ijerph110909008 [doi] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 25257355 Abstract Our study investigates the prevalence, patterns and predictors of tobacco smoking among early adolescent males in Northern Jordan and whether asthma diagnosis affects smoking patterns. A descriptive cross sectional design was used. Males in grades 7 and 8 from four randomly selected high schools in the city of Irbid were enrolled. Data on waterpipe (WP) use and cigarette smoking patterns were obtained (n = 815) using a survey in Arabic language. The overall prevalence of ever having smoked a cigarette was 35.6%, with 86.2% of this group smoking currently. Almost half of the sample reported WP use. The most common age in which adolescents started to experiment with cigarettes was 11-12 years old (49.1%), although 10 years was also common (25.3%). Significant predictors of male cigarette smoking were WP use (OR = 4.15, 95% CI = 2.99-5.76), asthma diagnosis (OR = 2.35, 95% CI = 1.46-3.78), grade 8 (OR = 1.52, 95% CI = 1.10-2.11), and having a sibling who smokes (OR = 2.23, 95% CI = 1.53-3.24). However, this cross-sectional study cannot establish causality, thus longitudinal studies are needed. Public health programs and school-based anti-tobacco smoking interventions that target children in early years at high schools are warranted to prevent the uptake of tobacco use among this vulnerable age group. High school students with asthma should be specifically targeted. Descriptors Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Al-Sheyab,N., Alomari,M.A., Shah,S., Gallagher,P., Gallagher,R. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic 20140901 PMCID PMC4199003 Editors
Agreement between exhaled breath carbon monoxide threshold levels and self-reported cigarette smoking in a sample of male adolescents in Jordan	2015	Faculty of Nursing, Jordan University of Science and Technology, P.O. Box 3030, Irbid 22110, Jordan. nasheyab@just.edu.jo.; Department of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid 22110, Jordan. Kkheiral@gmail.	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full International journal of environmental research and public health Periodical, Abbrev. Int.J.Environ.Res.Public.Health. Pub Date Free Form 15-Jan Volume 12 Issue 1 Start Page 841 Other Pages 854 Notes LR: 20150203; JID: 101238455; 7U1EE4V452 (Carbon Monoxide); OID: NLM: PMC4306896; 2014/11/22 [received]; -0001/11/30 [revised]; 2015/01/13 [accepted]; epublish Place of Publication Switzerland ISSN/ISBN 1660-4601; 1660-4601 Accession Number PMID: 25599375 Language eng SubFile Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; IM DOI 10.3390/ijerph120100841 [doi] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 25599375 Abstract This study aimed to measure the percent agreement between Exhaled Breath Carbon Monoxide (eBCO) measure using a piCO+ smokerlyzer(R) and self-reported cigarette smoking status and to determine the optimal thresholds for definite identification of cigarette smokers of male school students in Jordan. A descriptive, cross sectional, study of a random sample of male adolescents in grades 7 and 8 from four public high schools in Irbid, completed an adaptation of a standardized Arabic-language tobacco smoking questionnaire and an eBCO measure. Sensitivity and specificity of the eBCO were calculated against self-reported cigarette smoking. Participants (n = 439) had a mean age of 12.5 years (SD = 0.50) and 174 (39.9%) reported being an ever smoker of whom 59 (33.9%) reported being a recent (30-day) smoker. The optimal eBCO cut-off point for recent smoking was 4.5 ppm with a sensitivity of 84.7% and specificity of 65.5%. Overall, eBCO can accurately identify recent smokers and distinguish them from non-smokers. The eBCO use enables healthcare professionals and researchers to assess efficacy of smoking cessation and prevention programs without necessarily relying on self-report. Further research is indicated to validate our findings and should be expanded to include females, detailed characteristics of cigarette and waterpipe smoking. Descriptors Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Al-Sheyab,N., Kheirallah,K.A., Mangnall,L.J., Gallagher,R. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic 20150115 PMCID PMC4306896 Editors
Carbon monoxide and respiratory symptoms in young adult passive smokers: a pilot study comparing waterpipe to cigarette	2014	Faculty of Pharmacy, Laboratory of Clinical and Epidemiological Research, Lebanese University, Hadath, Lebanon.	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full International journal of occupational medicine and environmental health Periodical, Abbrev. Int.J.Occup.Med.Environ.Health Pub Date Free Form Aug Volume 27 Issue 4 Start Page 571 Other Pages 582 Notes JID: 9437093; 0 (Tobacco Smoke Pollution); 7U1EE4V452 (Carbon Monoxide); 2013/12/05 [received]; 2014/01/15 [accepted]; 2014/07/07 [aheadofprint]; ppublish Place of Publication England ISSN/ISBN 1896-494X; 1232-1087 Accession Number PMID: 25012596 Language eng SubFile Comparative Study; Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; IM DOI 10.2478/s13382-014-0246-z [doi] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 25012596 Abstract OBJECTIVES: Studies have correlated second hand smoke (SHS) with many diseases, especially respiratory effects. The goal of this study was to measure the impact of SHS on the respiratory symptoms and exhaled carbon monoxide. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The study population consisted of 50 young workers in restaurants serving waterpipes, 48 university students who sit frequently in the university cafeteria where cigarette smoking is allowed and 49 university students spending time in places where smoking is not allowed. Subjects completed questionnaires on socio-demographic characteristics, respiratory symptoms and exposure to SHS. Exhaled carbon monoxide levels were measured. ANOVA and Chi-square tests were used when applicable as well as linear and logistic regression analysis. RESULTS: Exposure to cigarette smoke in university (adjusted odds ratio (ORa) = 6.06) and occupational exposure to waterpipe smoke (ORa = 7.08) were predictors of chronic cough. Being married (ORa = 6.40), living near a heavy traffic road (ORa = 9.49) or near a local power generator (ORa = 7.54) appeared responsible for chronic sputum production. Moreover, predictors of chronic allergies were: being male (ORa = 7.81), living near a local power generator (ORa = 5.52) and having a family history of chronic respiratory diseases (ORa = 17.01). Carbon monoxide levels were augmented by the number of weekly hours of occupational exposure to waterpipe smoke (beta = 1.46) and the number of daily hours of exposure to cigarette smoke (beta = 1.14). CONCLUSIONS: In summary, young non-smoker subjects demonstrated more chronic cough and elevated carbon monoxide levels when exposed to SHS while the effect of waterpipe was even more evident. Descriptors Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Zeidan,R.K., Rachidi,S., Awada,S., El Hajje,A., El Bawab,W., Salame,J., Bejjany,R., Salameh,P. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic 20140707 PMCID Editors
Lower prevalence of cigarette and waterpipe smoking, but a higher risk of waterpipe dependence in Lebanese adult women than in men	2012	Faculty of Public Health & Pharmacy, Lebanese University, Beirut, Lebanon. pascalesalameh1@hotmail.com	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Women & health Periodical, Abbrev. Women Health Pub Date Free Form Volume 52 Issue 2 Start Page 135 Other Pages 150 Notes LR: 20151119; JID: 7608076; 059QF0KO0R (Water); 7U1EE4V452 (Carbon Monoxide); ppublish Place of Publication United States ISSN/ISBN 1541-0331; 0363-0242 Accession Number PMID: 22458290 Language eng SubFile Evaluation Studies; Journal Article; IM DOI 10.1080/03630242.2012.656885 [doi] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 22458290 Abstract The objective of this study was to evaluate whether nicotine dependence was higher in Lebanese women smokers compared with men smokers. Data were taken from a national cross-sectional study. Lebanese residents aged >/= 40 years were enrolled between October 2009 and September 2010. After informed consent, participants answered a standardized questionnaire about smoking behaviors and dependence (measured by the Fagerstrom-Test-Nicotine-Dependence for cigarettes and the Lebanon-Waterpipe-Dependence-Scale 11 for waterpipes): 1,066 males and 1,134 females were interviewed. 58.7% versus 42.9% of them, respectively, ever smoked cigarettes, while 6.9% versus 6.7% ever smoked a waterpipe (p Descriptors Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Salameh,P., Khayat,G., Waked,M. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic PMCID Editors
Assessment of secondhand smoke in international airports in Thailand, 2013	2015	Faculty of Public Health, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand Center of Excellence on Environmental Health and Toxicology, Bangkok, Thailand.; Faculty of Public Health, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand Center of Excellence on Environmental Health a	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Tobacco control Periodical, Abbrev. Tob.Control Pub Date Free Form Nov Volume 24 Issue 6 Start Page 532 Other Pages 535 Notes CI: Published by the BMJ Publishing Group Limited. For permission to use (where not already granted under a licence) please go to http://www.bmj.com/company/products-services/rights-and-licensing/; JID: 9209612; 0 (Air Pollutants); 0 (Particulate Matter); Place of Publication England ISSN/ISBN 1468-3318; 0964-4563 Accession Number PMID: 24638967 Language eng SubFile Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; IM DOI 10.1136/tobaccocontrol-2013-051313 [doi] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 24638967 Abstract OBJECTIVE: To assess secondhand smoke (SHS) exposure in Thai international airports using a fine particulate indicator, particulate matter =2.5 mum (PM2.5), and to compare with 2012 exposure findings in international airports in the USA. METHODS: Smoking rooms in the four largest international airports that serve the most travellers and with the most operating designated smoking rooms (DSRs) were monitored using PM2.5 monitoring equipment following an approved research protocol for assessing fine particle pollution from tobacco smoke. Monitoring was conducted inside and just outside DSRs and throughout the airport terminals in all four airports. Altogether 104 samples were taken to assess SHS exposure in four airports. Simultaneous samples were taken multiple times in a total of 11 DSRs available for sampling in the research period. RESULTS: Levels of PM2.5 in DSRs were extremely high in all four airports and were more dangerous inside DSRs than in the US airports (overall mean=532.5 vs 188.7 microg/m(3)), higher outside DSRs than in the US airports (overall mean=50.1 vs 43.7 microg/m(3)), and at comparable levels with the US airports in the terminals away from DSRs (overall mean=13.8 vs 11.5 microg/m(3). Findings show that travellers and employees in or near DSRs in the airports assessed in Thailand are being exposed to even higher levels of SHS than in US airports that still have DSRs. CONCLUSIONS: Extremely high levels of SHS in and adjacent to DSR show that these rooms are not providing safe air quality for employees and travellers. These high levels of exposure are above those levels reported in US airports and show the need for remedial action to ensure safe air quality in international airports in Thailand. Descriptors Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Kungskulniti,N., Charoenca,N., Peesing,J., Trangwatana,S., Hamann,S., Pitayarangsarit,S., Chitanondh,H. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic 20140317 PMCID Editors

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