WTS database

Title	Pub Year	Author Sort descending	SearchLink
Prevalence of smoking among rural secondary school students in Qualyobia governorate	2003	Egyptian Smoking Prevention Research Institute.	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Journal of the Egyptian Society of Parasitology Periodical, Abbrev. J.Egypt.Soc.Parasitol. Pub Date Free Form Dec Volume 33 Issue 3 Suppl Start Page 1031 Other Pages 1050 Notes LR: 20151119; GR: TW0594401/TW/FIC NIH HHS/United States; JID: 8102141; ppublish Place of Publication Egypt ISSN/ISBN 1110-0583; 1110-0583 Accession Number PMID: 15119469 Language eng SubFile Journal Article; Multicenter Study; Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.; IM DOI Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 15119469 Abstract A cross sectional study was carried out in two rural secondary schools in Qualyobia governorate in the academic year 2002-2003 in order to assess the students' knowledge, attitudes and practice toward smoking. An anonymous self-administered questionnaire was used. A total of 635 students, 416 males and 219 females were interviewed. The response rate was 100%. The prevalence of ever tried cigarette was 29% (40% among males and 7% among females) with a median age of initiation at 11 years of age. The prevalence of current cigarette smoking among all students was 7.7 (11.5% among males and 0% among females). Waterpipe (Shisha) smoking was reported by 19% (26% among males and 5% among females) with median age of initiation at 12 yearsof age. The risk of smoking is higher among sons of highly educated mothers (OR=3.7, 95% CI=1-12), Boy only school students have almost half the risk of smoking than mixed school male students (OR=0.4, 95% CI=0.2-0.8). On studying the effect of having a smoker family member or friends on students smoking, having a smoker friend increases the risk of male students three time (OR=3, 95%CI=2-5) while others smoking was not statistically significant. More than 90% of the students (both males and females) thought that active and passive smoking are harmful. More females than males thought smoking is addictive (89% of the females and 81% of the males) while more males than females agreed that smokers have more friends (34% of males, 26% of the females) and that smoking makes boys look handsome (8% of males, 3% of females). Descriptors Adolescent, Adolescent Behavior, Cross-Sectional Studies, Egypt/epidemiology, Female, Humans, Male, Prevalence, Risk Factors, Rural Health, Smoking/epidemiology/prevention & control, Smoking Cessation, Students/statistics & numerical data, Surveys and Questionnaires Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Gadalla,S., Aboul-Fotouh,A., El-Setouhy,M., Mikhail,N., Abdel-Aziz,F., Mohamed,M. K., Kamal Ael,A., Israel,E. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic PMCID Editors
Perceptions of plain packaging among young adult roll-your-own smokers in France: a naturalistic approach	2015	EHESP School of Public Health, EA MOS (Equipe d'Accueil en Management des Organisations de Sante), Rennes Cx, France.; Centre for Tobacco Control Research, University of Stirling, Scotland, UK.; French National Committee Against Tobacco (CNCT), Paris, Fra	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Tobacco control Periodical, Abbrev. Tob.Control Pub Date Free Form Mar Volume 24 Issue e1 Start Page e39 Other Pages 44 Notes LR: 20151119; CI: Published by the BMJ Publishing Group Limited. For permission to use (where not already granted under a licence) please go to http://group.bmj.com/group/rights-licensing/permissions.; JID: 9209612; OTO: NOTNLM; 2014/06/11 [aheadofprint]; Place of Publication England ISSN/ISBN 1468-3318; 0964-4563 Accession Number PMID: 24920573 Language eng SubFile Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; IM DOI 10.1136/tobaccocontrol-2013-051513 [doi] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 24920573 Abstract BACKGROUND: We explored, for the first time, young adult roll-your-own smokers' response to using plain packaging in real-world settings. METHODS: Naturalistic research was employed, where 133 French young adult smokers (18-25 years of age) used plain roll-your-own packs for 10 days; the plain packs they were provided with contained their usual brand of rolling tobacco and displayed the name of their usual brand. Participants were recruited in five cities in France (Paris, Marseille, Metz, Nantes, Toulouse) and completed two questionnaires to measure their response to their own branded packs and the plain packs. Both questionnaires assessed pack perceptions, brand attachment, product perceptions (eg, taste, quality, natural), feelings about smoking (satisfying, pleasurable), feelings when using the pack in front of others (embarrassment, image), warning response (credibility, awareness of risks) and smoking-related behaviour (eg, consumption, quitting). RESULTS: Compared to their own fully branded packs, plain packs were associated with less positive pack and product perceptions, lower brand attachment and less positive feelings about smoking and feelings when using the pack in front of others. Participants were also more likely to report feeling like reducing consumption and quitting when using the plain packs, and more likely to feel like missing out on rolling a cigarette. No significant differences between the two pack types (plain and branded) were found in terms of credibility of warnings and perceptions of level of tar. CONCLUSIONS: The study suggests that the impacts of plain packaging for roll-your-own cigarette smokers are the same as for smokers of factory-made cigarettes. Descriptors Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Gallopel-Morvan,K., Moodie,C., Eker,F., Beguinot,E., Martinet,Y. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic 20140611 PMCID Editors
Multimodality evaluation of patients with gastroesophageal reflux disease symptoms who have failed empiric proton pump inhibitor therapy	2013	El Camino GI Medical Associates, Mountain View, California, USA.	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Diseases of the esophagus : official journal of the International Society for Diseases of the Esophagus / I.S.D.E Periodical, Abbrev. Dis.Esophagus Pub Date Free Form Jul Volume 26 Issue 5 Start Page 443 Other Pages 450 Notes LR: 20151119; CI: (c) 2012 Copyright the Authors. Journal compilation (c) 2012; JID: 8809160; 0 (Proton Pump Inhibitors); OTO: NOTNLM; 2012/08/02 [aheadofprint]; ppublish Place of Publication United States ISSN/ISBN 1442-2050; 1120-8694 Accession Number PMID: 22862422 Language eng SubFile Journal Article; IM DOI 10.1111/j.1442-2050.2012.01381.x [doi] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 22862422 Abstract Patients with symptoms suggestive of gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD), such as chest pain, heartburn, regurgitation, and dysphagia, are typically treated initially with a course of proton pump inhibitors (PPIs). The evaluation of patients who have either not responded at all or partially and inadequately responded to such therapy requires a more detailed history and may involve an endoscopy and esophageal biopsies, followed by esophageal manometry, ambulatory esophageal pH monitoring, and gastric emptying scanning. To assess the merits of a multimodality 'structural' and 'functional' assessment of the esophagus in patients who have inadequately controlled GERD symptoms despite using empiric PPI, a retrospective cohort study of patients without any response or with poor symptomatic control to empiric PPI (>2 months duration) who were referred to an Esophageal Studies Unit was conducted. Patients were studied using symptom questionnaires, endoscopy (+ or - for erosive disease, or Barrett's metaplasia) and multilevel esophageal biopsies (eosinophilia, metaplasia), esophageal motility (aperistalsis, dysmotility), 24-hour ambulatory esophageal pH monitoring (+ if % total time pH 5%), and gastric emptying scanning (+ if >10% retention at 4 hours and >70% at 2 hours). Over 3 years, 275 patients (147 men and 128 women) aged 16-89 years underwent complete multimodality testing. Forty percent (n= 109) had nonerosive reflux disease (esophagogastroduodenoscopy [EGD]-, biopsy-, pH+); 19.3% (n= 53) had erosive esophagitis (EGD+); 5.5% (n= 15) Barrett's esophagus (EGD+, metaplasia+); 5.5% (n= 15) eosinophilic esophagitis (biopsy+); 2.5% (n= 7) had achalasia and 5.8% (n= 16) other dysmotility (motility+, pH-); 16% (n= 44) had functional heartburn (EGD-, pH-), and 5.8% (n= 16) had gastroparesis (gastric scan+). Cumulative symptom scores for chest pain, heartburn, regurgitation, and dysphagia were similar among the groups (mean range 1.1-1.35 on a 0-3 scale). Multimodality evaluation changed the diagnosis of GERD in 34.5% of cases and led to or guided alternative therapies in 42%. Overlap diagnoses were frequent: 10/15 (67%) of patients with eosinophilic esophagitis, 12/16 (75%) of patients with gastroparesis, and 11/23 (48%) of patients with achalasia or dysmotility had concomitant pathologic acid reflux by pH studies. Patients with persistent GERD symptoms despite empiric PPI therapy benefit from multimodality evaluation that may change the diagnosis and guide therapy in more than one third of such cases. Because symptoms are not specific and overlap diagnoses are frequent and multifaceted, objective evidence-driven therapies should be considered in such patients. Descriptors Links Book Title Database Publisher Wiley Periodicals, Inc. and the International Society for Diseases of the Esophagus Data Source Authors Galindo,G., Vassalle,J., Marcus,S.N., Triadafilopoulos,G. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic 20120802 PMCID Editors
Squamous cell carcinoma and keratoacanthoma of the lower lip associated with 'Goza' and 'Shisha' smoking	1999	El-Hakim, I.E., Dept. of Oral/Maxillofacial Surgery, Hadayek Helwan 11433, Cairo, Egypt	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full International journal of dermatology Periodical, Abbrev. Int.J.Dermatol. Pub Date Free Form 1999/ Volume 38 Issue 2 Start Page 108 Other Pages 110 Notes Place of Publication ISSN/ISBN 0011-9059 Accession Number Language SubFile DOI Output Language Unknown(0) PMID Abstract Background: A positive correlation between lip and buccal cancers and pipe smoking has been suggested. Various types of crude and manufactured tobacco products are consumed by smoking, chewing, and snuff dipping habits. 'Shisha' and 'Goza' smoking are widely practiced in the Middle East. The 'hubble-bubble' method and apparatus are used. These smoking habits are hazardous to health, causing obstructive lung disease, and may be important predisposing factors for the development of oral cancers. Case reports: Two cases of squamous cell carcinoma and a case of keratoacanthoma localized to the lower lip are presented in well-known 'Shisha' and 'Goza' smokers. Conclusions: 'Shisha' and 'Goza' smoking have adverse effects on general health and may predispose to oral cancer. An extensive epidemiological study should be performed to determine whether this type of smoking habit is associated with a statistically increased incidence of squamous cell carcinoma and keratoacanthoma of the lips. Descriptors adult, article, case report, excision, human, keratoacanthoma, lip carcinoma, lower lip, male, Middle East, mouth cancer, smoking, squamous cell carcinoma, tobacco Links Book Title Database Embase; MEDLINE Publisher Data Source Embase Authors El-Hakim,I. E., Uthman,M. A. E. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic PMCID Editors
Sexual reproduction in the white pine weevil (Pissodes strobi [Peck] [Coleoptera: Curculionidae]): Implications for population genetic diversity	2002	El-Kassaby, Y.A., Department of Forest Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Journal of Heredity Periodical, Abbrev. J.Hered. Pub Date Free Form / Volume 93 Issue 3 Start Page 165 Other Pages 169 Notes Place of Publication ISSN/ISBN 0022-1503 Accession Number Language SubFile DOI Output Language Unknown(0) PMID Abstract Controlled mating experiments in the white pine weevil (Pissodes strobi [Peck]) indicated that female weevils either stored sperm or fertilized eggs from one season to the next, and were able to colonize Sitka spruce (Picea sitchensis [Bong.] Carr.) trees without additional mating events. This was interpreted as being beneficial for the insect, in that population establishment in a new habitat could be initiated by dispersing previously mated females without participation of the male. This makes colonization and population/outbreak development more likely as it reduces the need for mate searching in the second season. Paternity identification, based on microsatellite molecular markers, established that the progeny produced in year 2 by females mated only in year 1, were often fathered by more than one male. Multiple paternity, coupled with a lack of parthenogenesis, which was also demonstrated herein, may help to account for the high degree of genetic diversity evidenced in this species. Descriptors article, beetle, dispersion, female, genetic variability, genotype, male, mating, microsatellite marker, nonhuman, parthenogenesis, paternity, population genetics, priority journal, reproduction Links Book Title Database Embase; MEDLINE Publisher Data Source Embase Authors Lewis,K. G., Liewlaksaneeyanawin,C., Alfaro,R. I., Ritland,C., Ritland,K., El-Kassaby,Y. A. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic PMCID Editors
Hepatitis C virus infection at Sharkia Governorate, Egypt: seroprevalence and associated risk factors.	2004	el-Sadawy, M., Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig.	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Journal of the Egyptian Society of Parasitology Periodical, Abbrev. J.Egypt.Soc.Parasitol. Pub Date Free Form / Volume 34 Issue 1 Suppl Start Page 367 Other Pages 384 Notes Place of Publication ISSN/ISBN 0253-5890 Accession Number Language SubFile DOI Output Language Unknown(0) PMID Abstract Because many persons with chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection are asymptomatic, population based serologic studies are needed to estimate the prevalence of infection and to develop and evaluate prevention efforts. A sample of 1422 individuals was included in the study by using multistage sampling technique. Their age ranged from 4-78 years with a mean age (34.7 +/- 18.5), 782 were males (55%) and 640 were females (45%). Exposures and demographic characteristics were obtained through a predesigned questionnaire. Antibody to HCV was assessed using micro-particle enzyme immunoassay (MEIA) enzyme assay by IMX, and the HCV RNA was tested by Real-time PCR technique using ABI Prism 7700 system. The seroprevalence of antibodies to HCV were 23.4% and 27.4% in urban and rural areas respectively, with an overall prevalence (25.8%). This reflects prior HCV infection but not necessarily a current liver disease. Prevalence was higher among males than females and increased sharply with age, from 4.8% in those or = 40 years). Those who were not educated and farmers had a significantly high prevalence. The significant predictors of HCV infection were previous parenteral therapy for schistosomiasis (OR = 4.3, 95% CI = 3.6-7.9), among those over 20 years of age (3.5, 2.18-5.8), blood transfusion (4.1, 2.4-6.9), invasive procedures (surgery and endoscopy), and use of contaminated syringes and needles. Also, shaving at community barbers added significance to the model. Exposures not significantly related to HCV seropositivity were gender, active infection with Schistosoma mansoni, sutures or intravenous and urinary catheterization, water pipe "goza" smoking in group. Descriptors hepatitis C antibody, virus RNA, adolescent, adult, age, aged, article, blood, child, Egypt, epidemiology, female, genetics, hepatitis C, Hepatitis C virus, human, immunology, male, middle aged, preschool child, risk factor, sex difference, socioeconomics Links Book Title Database MEDLINE Publisher Data Source Embase Authors el-Sadawy,M., Ragab,H., el-Toukhy,H., el-Mor,A. L., Mangoud,A. M., Eissa,M. H., Afefy,A. F., el-Shorbagy,E., Ibrahem,I. A., Mahrous,S., Abdel-Monem,A., Sabee,E. I., Ismail,A., Morsy,T. A., Etewa,S., Nor Edin,E., Mostafa,Y., Abouel-Magd,Y., Hassan,M. I., Lakouz,K., Abdel-Aziz,K., el-Hady,G., Saber,M. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic PMCID Editors
Energy efficient cooperation in underlay RFID cognitive networks for a water smart home	2014	Electrical and Computer Engineering Department, Texas A&M University at Qatar, Doha 23874, Qatar. adnan.nasir@qu.edu.qa.; Electrical and Computer Engineering Department, Texas A&M University at Qatar, Doha 23874, Qatar. syed.hussain@qatar.tamu.edu.; Schoo	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Sensors (Basel, Switzerland) Periodical, Abbrev. Sensors (Basel) Pub Date Free Form 30-Sep Volume 14 Issue 10 Start Page 18353 Other Pages 18369 Notes JID: 101204366; 059QF0KO0R (Water); OID: NLM: PMC4239936; 2014/04/13 [received]; 2014/09/15 [revised]; 2014/09/23 [accepted]; epublish Place of Publication Switzerland ISSN/ISBN 1424-8220; 1424-8220 Accession Number PMID: 25271565 Language eng SubFile Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; IM DOI 10.3390/s141018353 [doi] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 25271565 Abstract Shrinking water resources all over the world and increasing costs of water consumption have prompted water users and distribution companies to come up with water conserving strategies. We have proposed an energy-efficient smart water monitoring application in [1], using low power RFIDs. In the home environment, there exist many primary interferences within a room, such as cell-phones, Bluetooth devices, TV signals, cordless phones and WiFi devices. In order to reduce the interference from our proposed RFID network for these primary devices, we have proposed a cooperating underlay RFID cognitive network for our smart application on water. These underlay RFIDs should strictly adhere to the interference thresholds to work in parallel with the primary wireless devices [2]. This work is an extension of our previous ventures proposed in [2,3], and we enhanced the previous efforts by introducing a new system model and RFIDs. Our proposed scheme is mutually energy efficient and maximizes the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) for the RFID link, while keeping the interference levels for the primary network below a certain threshold. A closed form expression for the probability density function (pdf) of the SNR at the destination reader/writer and outage probability are derived. Analytical results are verified through simulations. It is also shown that in comparison to non-cognitive selective cooperation, this scheme performs better in the low SNR region for cognitive networks. Moreover, the hidden Markov model's (HMM) multi-level variant hierarchical hidden Markov model (HHMM) approach is used for pattern recognition and event detection for the data received for this system [4]. Using this model, a feedback and decision algorithm is also developed. This approach has been applied to simulated water pressure data from RFID motes, which were embedded in metallic water pipes. Descriptors Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Nasir,A., Hussain,S.I., Soong,B.H., Qaraqe,K. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic 20140930 PMCID PMC4239936 Editors
Online E-cigarette Marketing Claims: A Systematic Content and Legal Analysis	2016	Elizabeth G. Klein, Associate Professor, The Ohio State University College of Public Health, Columbus, OH. Micah Berman, Assistant Professor, The Ohio State University College of Public Health and Moritz College of Law, Columbus, OH. Natalie Hemmerich, Po	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Tobacco regulatory science Periodical, Abbrev. Tob Regul.Sci. Pub Date Free Form Jul Volume 2 Issue 3 Start Page 252 Other Pages 262 Notes LR: 20160725; GR: P50 CA180908/CA/NCI NIH HHS/United States; JID: 101655763; NIHMS799718; OTO: NOTNLM; 2016/07/01 [epublish]; ppublish Place of Publication ISSN/ISBN 2333-9748; 2333-9748 Accession Number PMID: 27446984 Language ENG SubFile JOURNAL ARTICLE DOI 10.18001/TRS.2.3.5 [doi] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 27446984 Abstract OBJECTIVES: Electronic nicotine delivery systems (ENDS), or e-cigarettes, are heavily marketed online. The purpose of our study was to perform a systematic identification and evaluation of claims made within ENDS retailer and manufacturer websites, and the legal status of such claims. METHODS: We employed a systematic search protocol with popular search engines using 6 terms: (1) e-cigarettes; (2) e-cigs; (3) e-juice; (4) e-liquid; (5) e-hookah; and (6) vape pen. We analyzed English-language websites where ENDS are sold for implicit and explicit health-related claims. A legal analysis determined whether such claims are permissible under the US Food and Drug Administration's regulations. RESULTS: The vast majority of ENDS manufacturer (N = 78) and retailer (N = 32) websites made at least one health-related claim (77% and 65%, respectively). Modified risk claims and secondhand smoke-related claims were most prevalent, with an average of 2 claims per site. CONCLUSIONS: Health-related claims are plentiful within ENDS manufacturer and retailer websites. Results demonstrate that these sites focus on potential benefits while minimizing or eliminating information about possible harmful effects of ENDS. These claims are subject to the current regulatory authority by the FDA, and pose a risk of misinforming consumers. Descriptors Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Klein,E.G., Berman,M., Hemmerich,N., Carlson,C., Htut,S., Slater,M. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic 20160701 PMCID PMC4950517 Editors
Carbon Monoxide Poisoning Caused by Water Pipe Smoking: A Case Series	2016	Emergency Department, Medical Centre Haaglanden, The Hague, The Netherlands.	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full The Journal of emergency medicine Periodical, Abbrev. J.Emerg.Med. Pub Date Free Form 5-Jul Volume Issue Start Page Other Pages Notes LR: 20160711; CI: Copyright (c) 2016; JID: 8412174; OTO: NOTNLM; 2016/01/13 [received]; 2016/04/14 [revised]; 2016/05/17 [accepted]; aheadofprint Place of Publication ISSN/ISBN 0736-4679; 0736-4679 Accession Number PMID: 27397765 Language ENG SubFile JOURNAL ARTICLE DOI S0736-4679(16)30176-7 [pii] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 27397765 Abstract BACKGROUND: Carbon monoxide-related symptoms caused by water pipe smoking may be a frequent occurrence. This might often be overlooked, because patients will not always identify the smoke exposure as the cause of their presenting complaints and may well withhold this information. CASE REPORT: A series of three patients who were 15 to 28 years of age presented to the emergency department with nonspecific symptoms and were found to have carbon monoxide poisoning from water pipe smoking. WHY SHOULD AN EMERGENCY PHYSICIAN BE AWARE OF THIS?: This case series might improve recognition of this phenomenon. Carbon monoxide poisoning can cause serious problems, yet it could be easily diagnosed and treated. Identifying this condition can expedite treatment and prevent unnecessary diagnostic tests in an attempt to explain its symptoms. Descriptors Links Book Title Database Publisher Elsevier Inc Data Source Authors Veen,M. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic 20160705 PMCID Editors
Solid-phase microextraction measurement of parent and alkyl polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in milliliter sediment pore water samples and determination of K(DOC) values	2005	Energy and Environmental Research Center, University of North Dakota, Grand Forks, North Dakota 58202, USA. shawthorne@undeerc.org	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Environmental science & technology Periodical, Abbrev. Environ.Sci.Technol. Pub Date Free Form 15-Apr Volume 39 Issue 8 Start Page 2795 Other Pages 2803 Notes LR: 20121115; JID: 0213155; 0 (Benzopyrenes); 0 (Colloids); 0 (Fluorenes); 0 (Organic Chemicals); 0 (Polycyclic Hydrocarbons, Aromatic); 0 (Water Pollutants, Chemical); 360UOL779Z (fluoranthene); 7440-44-0 (Carbon); ppublish Place of Publication United States ISSN/ISBN 0013-936X; 0013-936X Accession Number PMID: 15884378 Language eng SubFile Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.; IM DOI Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 15884378 Abstract The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) narcosis model for benthic organisms in polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) contaminated sediments requires the measurement of 18 parent PAHs and 16 groups of alkyl PAHs ("34" PAHs) in pore water with desired detection limits as low as nanograms per liter. Solid-phase microextraction (SPME) with gas chromatographic/mass spectrometric (GC/ MS) analysis can achieve such detection limits in small water samples, which greatly reduces the quantity of sediment pore water that has to be collected, shipped, stored, and prepared for analysis. Four sediments that ranged from urban background levels (50 mg/kg total "34" PAHs) to highly contaminated (10 000 mg/kg total PAHs) were used to develop SPME methodology for the "34" PAH determinations with only 1.5 mL of pore water per analysis. Pore water was obtained by centrifuging the wet sediment, and alum flocculation was used to remove colloids. Quantitative calibration was simplified by adding 15 two- to six-ring perdeuterated PAHs as internal standards to the water calibration standards and the pore water samples. Response factors for SPME followed by GC/MS were measured for 22 alkyl PAHs compared to their parent PAHs and used to calibrate for the 18 groups of alkyl PAHs. Dissolved organic carbon (DOC) ranging from 4 to 27 mg/L had no measurable effect on the freely dissolved concentrations of two- and three-ring PAHs. In contrast, 5-80% of the total dissolved four- to six-ring PAHs were associated with the DOC rather than being freely dissolved, corresponding to DOC/water partitioning coefficients (K(DOC)) with log K(DOC) values ranging from 4.1 (for fluoranthene) to 5.6 (for benzo[ghi]perylene). However, DOC-associated versus freely dissolved PAHs had no significant effect on the total "34" PAH concentrations or the sum of the "toxic units" (calculated bythe EPA protocol), since virtually all (86-99%) of the dissolved PAH concentrations and toxic units were contributed by two- and three-ring PAHs. Descriptors Benzopyrenes/analysis, Calibration, Carbon/analysis, Colloids/isolation & purification, Environmental Monitoring/methods, Flocculation, Fluorenes/analysis, Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry, Geologic Sediments/analysis/chemistry, Nanotechnology, Organic Chemicals/analysis, Polycyclic Hydrocarbons, Aromatic/analysis, Porosity, Water Pollutants, Chemical/analysis Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Hawthorne,S. B., Grabanski,C. B., Miller,D. J., Kreitinger,J. P. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic PMCID Editors

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