WTS database | WHO FCTC

Title	Pub Year	Author Sort descending	SearchLink
Smoking characteristics and comorbidities in the power to quit randomized clinical trial for homeless smokers	2013	Department of Family Medicine and Community Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55414, USA. kokuyemi@umn.edu	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Nicotine & tobacco research : official journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco Periodical, Abbrev. Nicotine Tob.Res. Pub Date Free Form Jan Volume 15 Issue 1 Start Page 22 Other Pages 28 Notes LR: 20151203; GR: R01 HL081522/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/United States; GR: R01HL081522/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/United States; GR: UL1 TR000114/TR/NCATS NIH HHS/United States; JID: 9815751; OID: NLM: PMC3611988; 2012/05/15 [aheadofprint]; ppublish Place of Publication England ISSN/ISBN 1469-994X; 1462-2203 Accession Number PMID: 22589422 Language eng SubFile Journal Article; Randomized Controlled Trial; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural; IM DOI 10.1093/ntr/nts030 [doi] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 22589422 Abstract INTRODUCTION: Smoking prevalence in homeless populations is strikingly high ( approximately 70%); yet, little is known about effective smoking cessation interventions for this population. We conducted a community-based clinical trial, Power To Quit (PTQ), to assess the effects of motivational interviewing (MI) and nicotine patch (nicotine replacement therapy [NRT]) on smoking cessation among homeless smokers. This paper describes the smoking characteristics and comorbidities of smokers in the study. METHODS: Four hundred and thirty homeless adult smokers were randomized to either the intervention arm (NRT + MI) or the control arm (NRT + Brief Advice). Baseline assessment included demographic information, shelter status, smoking history, motivation to quit smoking, alcohol/other substance abuse, and psychiatric comorbidities. RESULTS: Of the 849 individuals who completed the eligibility survey, 578 (68.1%) were eligible and 430 (74.4% of eligibles) were enrolled. Participants were predominantly Black, male, and had mean age of 44.4 years (S D = 9.9), and the majority were unemployed (90.5%). Most participants reported sleeping in emergency shelters; nearly half had been homeless for more than a year. Nearly all the participants were daily smokers who smoked an average of 20 cigarettes/day. Nearly 40% had patient health questionnaire-9 depression scores in the moderate or worse range, and more than 80% screened positive for lifetime history of drug abuse or dependence. CONCLUSIONS: This study demonstrates the feasibility of enrolling a diverse sample of homeless smokers into a smoking cessation clinical trial. The uniqueness of the study sample enables investigators to examine the influence of nicotine dependence as well as psychiatric and substance abuse comorbidities on smoking cessation outcomes. Descriptors Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Okuyemi,K.S., Goldade,K., Whembolua,G.L., Thomas,J.L., Eischen,S., Guo,H., Connett,J.E., Grant,J., Ahluwalia,J.S., Resnicow,K., Owen,G., Gelberg,L., Jarlais,D.D. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic 20120515 PMCID PMC3611988 Editors
Gender differences influence overweight smokers' experimentation with electronic nicotine delivery systems	2015	Department of Family Medicine and Public Health, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States. Electronic address: dstrong@ucsd.edu.; Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States.; Department	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Addictive Behaviors Periodical, Abbrev. Addict.Behav. Pub Date Free Form Oct Volume 49 Issue Start Page 20 Other Pages 25 Notes LR: 20151001; CI: Copyright (c) 2015; GR: T32 HL079891/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/United States; JID: 7603486; NIHMS696056; OID: NLM: NIHMS696056; OID: NLM: PMC4478105; OTO: NOTNLM; 2014/08/28 [received]; 2015/04/28 [revised]; 2015/05/04 [accepted]; 2015/05/09 [ahe Place of Publication England ISSN/ISBN 1873-6327; 0306-4603 Accession Number PMID: 26036665 Language eng SubFile Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; IM DOI 10.1016/j.addbeh.2015.05.003 [doi] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 26036665 Abstract INTRODUCTION: Overweight and obese tobacco users possess increased risk of cancer, diabetes, heart disease and chronic tobacco-related disease. Efforts to prevent tobacco-related health risk in this comorbid population would be informed by better understanding and monitoring of trends in the concurrent use of electronic nicotine delivery systems (ENDS) among smokers in the US marketplace. METHOD: The California Longitudinal Smokers Study (CLSS) established a cohort of current cigarette smokers in 2011 who were surveyed for tobacco use and health behavior at baseline and again in 2012 at follow-up. RESULTS: We observed a large increase in reported experimentation with ENDS. As hypothesized, overweight or obese smokers were more likely to report experimentation with ENDS, an increase that was also observed among women. Experimentation with ENDS was not associated with a reduction in use of cigarettes or a decrease in cigarette dependence in this high risk population of smokers. CONCLUSIONS: Continued surveillance of this vulnerable population is needed to better understand how experimentation with new ENDS products may impact health, facilitate switching to non-combustible tobacco or facilitate persistent cigarette dependence. Descriptors Links Book Title Database Publisher . Published by Elsevier Ltd Data Source Authors Strong,D.R., Myers,M., Linke,S., Leas,E., Hofstetter,R., Edland,S., Al-Delaimy,W.K. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic 20150509 PMCID PMC4478105 Editors
Smoking cessation for people with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease	2016	Department of Family Medicine, CAPHRI School for Public Health and Primary Care, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, Netherlands.	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full The Cochrane database of systematic reviews Periodical, Abbrev. Cochrane Database Syst.Rev. Pub Date Free Form 20-Aug Volume 8 Issue Start Page CD010744 Other Pages Notes LR: 20160822; JID: 100909747; aheadofprint Place of Publication ISSN/ISBN 1469-493X; 1361-6137 Accession Number PMID: 27545342 Language ENG SubFile REVIEW; JOURNAL ARTICLE DOI 10.1002/14651858.CD010744.pub2 [doi] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 27545342 Abstract BACKGROUND: Smoking cessation is the most important treatment for smokers with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), but little is known about the effectiveness of different smoking cessation interventions for this particular group of smokers. OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the effectiveness of behavioural or pharmacological smoking cessation interventions, or both, in smokers with COPD. SEARCH METHODS: We searched all records in the Cochrane Airways Group Specialised Register of Trials. In addition to this electronic search, we searched clinical trial registries for planned, ongoing, and unpublished trials. We searched all databases from their inception. We checked the reference lists of all included studies and of other systematic reviews in relevant topic areas. We searched for errata or retractions from eligible trials on PubMed. We conducted our most recent search in March 2016. SELECTION CRITERIA: We included randomised controlled trials assessing the effectiveness of any behavioural or pharmacological treatment, or both, in smokers with COPD reporting at least six months of follow-up abstinence rates. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS: Two review authors independently extracted the data and performed the methodological quality assessment for each study. We resolved any disagreements by consensus. MAIN RESULTS: We included 16 studies (involving 13,123 participants) in this systematic review, two of which were of high quality. These two studies showed that nicotine sublingual tablet and varenicline increased the quit rate over placebo (risk ratio (RR) 2.60 (95% confidence interval (CI) 1.29 to 5.24) and RR 3.34 (95% CI 1.88 to 5.92)). Pooled results of two studies also showed a positive effect of bupropion compared with placebo (RR 2.03 (95% CI 1.26 to 3.28)). When pooling these four studies, we found high-quality evidence for the effectiveness of pharmacotherapy plus high-intensity behavioural treatment compared with placebo plus high-intensity behavioural treatment (RR 2.53 (95% CI 1.83 to 3.50)). Furthermore, we found some evidence that high-intensity behavioural treatment increased abstinence rates when compared with usual care (RR 25.38 (95% CI 8.03 to 80.22)) or low-intensity behavioural treatment (RR 2.18 (95% CI 1.05 to 4.49)). Finally, the results showed effectiveness of various combinations of psychosocial and pharmacological interventions. AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS: We found high-quality evidence in a meta-analysis including four (1,540 participants) of the 16 included studies that a combination of behavioural treatment and pharmacotherapy is effective in helping smokers with COPD to quit smoking. Furthermore, we conclude that there is no convincing evidence for preferring any particular form of behavioural or pharmacological treatment. Descriptors Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors van Eerd,E.A., van der Meer,R.M., van Schayck,O.C., Kotz,D. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic 20160820 PMCID Editors
School-based programmes for preventing smoking	2013	Department of Family Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada. rthomas@ucalgary.ca.	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full The Cochrane database of systematic reviews Periodical, Abbrev. Cochrane Database Syst.Rev. Pub Date Free Form 30-Apr Volume (4):CD001293. doi Issue 4 Start Page CD001293 Other Pages Notes LR: 20160602; JID: 100909747; epublish Place of Publication England ISSN/ISBN 1469-493X; 1361-6137 Accession Number PMID: 23633306 Language eng SubFile Journal Article; Meta-Analysis; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; Review; IM DOI 10.1002/14651858.CD001293.pub3 [doi] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 23633306 Abstract BACKGROUND: Helping young people to avoid starting smoking is a widely endorsed public health goal, and schools provide a route to communicate with nearly all young people. School-based interventions have been delivered for close to 40 years. OBJECTIVES: The primary aim of this review was to determine whether school smoking interventions prevent youth from starting smoking. Our secondary objective was to determine which interventions were most effective. This included evaluating the effects of theoretical approaches; additional booster sessions; programme deliverers; gender effects; and multifocal interventions versus those focused solely on smoking. SEARCH METHODS: We searched the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL), the Cochrane Tobacco Addiction Group's Specialised Register, MEDLINE, EMBASE, PsycINFO, ERIC, CINAHL, Health Star, and Dissertation Abstracts for terms relating to school-based smoking cessation programmes. In addition, we screened the bibliographies of articles and ran individual MEDLINE searches for 133 authors who had undertaken randomised controlled trials in this area. The most recent searches were conducted in October 2012. SELECTION CRITERIA: We selected randomised controlled trials (RCTs) where students, classes, schools, or school districts were randomised to intervention arm(s) versus a control group, and followed for at least six months. Participants had to be youth (aged 5 to 18). Interventions could be any curricula used in a school setting to deter tobacco use, and outcome measures could be never smoking, frequency of smoking, number of cigarettes smoked, or smoking indices. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS: Two reviewers independently assessed studies for inclusion, extracted data and assessed risk of bias. Based on the type of outcome, we placed studies into three groups for analysis: Pure Prevention cohorts (Group 1), Change in Smoking Behaviour over time (Group 2) and Point Prevalence of Smoking (Group 3). MAIN RESULTS: One hundred and thirty-four studies involving 428,293 participants met the inclusion criteria. Some studies provided data for more than one group.Pure Prevention cohorts (Group 1) included 49 studies (N = 142,447). Pooled results at follow-up at one year or less found no overall effect of intervention curricula versus control (odds ratio (OR) 0.94, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.85 to 1.05). In a subgroup analysis, the combined social competence and social influences curricula (six RCTs) showed a statistically significant effect in preventing the onset of smoking (OR 0.49, 95% CI 0.28 to 0.87; seven arms); whereas significant effects were not detected in programmes involving information only (OR 0.12, 95% CI 0.00 to 14.87; one study), social influences only (OR 1.00, 95% CI 0.88 to 1.13; 25 studies), or multimodal interventions (OR 0.89, 95% CI 0.73 to 1.08; five studies). In contrast, pooled results at longest follow-up showed an overall significant effect favouring the intervention (OR 0.88, 95% CI 0.82 to 0.96). Subgroup analyses detected significant effects in programmes with social competence curricula (OR 0.52, 95% CI 0.30 to 0.88), and the combined social competence and social influences curricula (OR 0.50, 95% CI 0.28 to 0.87), but not in those programmes with information only, social influence only, and multimodal programmes.Change in Smoking Behaviour over time (Group 2) included 15 studies (N = 45,555). At one year or less there was a small but statistically significant effect favouring controls (standardised mean difference (SMD) 0.04, 95% CI 0.02 to 0.06). For follow-up longer than one year there was a statistically nonsignificant effect (SMD 0.02, 95% CI -0.00 to 0.02).Twenty-five studies reported data on the Point Prevalence of Smoking (Group 3), though heterogeneity in this group was too high for data to be pooled.We were unable to analyse data for 49 studies (N = 152,544).Subgroup analyses (Pure Prevention cohorts only) demonstrated that at longe Descriptors Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Thomas,R.E., McLellan,J., Perera,R. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic 20130430 PMCID Editors
Family-based programmes for preventing smoking by children and adolescents	2015	Department of Family Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Calgary, Health Sciences Centre, 3330 Hospital Drive NW, Calgary, Alberta, Canada, T2N 4N1. rthomas@ucalgary.ca.	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full The Cochrane database of systematic reviews Periodical, Abbrev. Cochrane Database Syst.Rev. Pub Date Free Form 27-Feb Volume (2):CD004493. doi Issue 2 Start Page CD004493 Other Pages Notes LR: 20160602; JID: 100909747; epublish Place of Publication England ISSN/ISBN 1469-493X; 1361-6137 Accession Number PMID: 25720328 Language eng SubFile Journal Article; Meta-Analysis; Review; IM DOI 10.1002/14651858.CD004493.pub3 [doi] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 25720328 Abstract BACKGROUND: There is evidence that family and friends influence children's decisions to smoke. OBJECTIVES: To assess the effectiveness of interventions to help families stop children starting smoking. SEARCH METHODS: We searched 14 electronic bibliographic databases, including the Cochrane Tobacco Addiction Group specialized register, MEDLINE, EMBASE, PsycINFO, CINAHL unpublished material, and key articles' reference lists. We performed free-text internet searches and targeted searches of appropriate websites, and hand-searched key journals not available electronically. We consulted authors and experts in the field. The most recent search was 3 April 2014. There were no date or language limitations. SELECTION CRITERIA: Randomised controlled trials (RCTs) of interventions with children (aged 5-12) or adolescents (aged 13-18) and families to deter tobacco use. The primary outcome was the effect of the intervention on the smoking status of children who reported no use of tobacco at baseline. Included trials had to report outcomes measured at least six months from the start of the intervention. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS: We reviewed all potentially relevant citations and retrieved the full text to determine whether the study was an RCT and matched our inclusion criteria. Two authors independently extracted study data for each RCT and assessed them for risk of bias. We pooled risk ratios using a Mantel-Haenszel fixed effect model. MAIN RESULTS: Twenty-seven RCTs were included. The interventions were very heterogeneous in the components of the family intervention, the other risk behaviours targeted alongside tobacco, the age of children at baseline and the length of follow-up. Two interventions were tested by two RCTs, one was tested by three RCTs and the remaining 20 distinct interventions were tested only by one RCT. Twenty-three interventions were tested in the USA, two in Europe, one in Australia and one in India.The control conditions fell into two main groups: no intervention or usual care; or school-based interventions provided to all participants. These two groups of studies were considered separately.Most studies had a judgement of 'unclear' for at least one risk of bias criteria, so the quality of evidence was downgraded to moderate. Although there was heterogeneity between studies there was little evidence of statistical heterogeneity in the results. We were unable to extract data from all studies in a format that allowed inclusion in a meta-analysis.There was moderate quality evidence family-based interventions had a positive impact on preventing smoking when compared to a no intervention control. Nine studies (4810 participants) reporting smoking uptake amongst baseline non-smokers could be pooled, but eight studies with about 5000 participants could not be pooled because of insufficient data. The pooled estimate detected a significant reduction in smoking behaviour in the intervention arms (risk ratio [RR] 0.76, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.68 to 0.84). Most of these studies used intensive interventions. Estimates for the medium and low intensity subgroups were similar but confidence intervals were wide. Two studies in which some of the 4487 participants already had smoking experience at baseline did not detect evidence of effect (RR 1.04, 95% CI 0.93 to 1.17).Eight RCTs compared a combined family plus school intervention to a school intervention only. Of the three studies with data, two RCTS with outcomes for 2301 baseline never smokers detected evidence of an effect (RR 0.85, 95% CI 0.75 to 0.96) and one study with data for 1096 participants not restricted to never users at baseline also detected a benefit (RR 0.60, 95% CI 0.38 to 0.94). The other five studies with about 18,500 participants did not report data in a format allowing meta-analysis. One RCT also compared a family intervention to a school 'good behaviour' intervention and did not detect a difference between the two types of programme (RR 1.05, 95% CI Descriptors Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Thomas,R.E., Baker,P.R., Thomas,B.C., Lorenzetti,D.L. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic 20150227 PMCID Editors
Fallacies about water pipe use in Turkish university students - what might be the consequences?	2014	Department of Family Medicine, Kocaeli University Faculty of Medicine, Kocaeli, Turkey E-mail : ndede@sakarya.edu.tr.	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention : APJCP Periodical, Abbrev. Asian Pac.J.Cancer.Prev. Pub Date Free Form Volume 15 Issue 5 Start Page 1977 Other Pages 1980 Notes LR: 20151119; JID: 101130625; 6M3C89ZY6R (Nicotine); ppublish Place of Publication Thailand ISSN/ISBN 1513-7368; 1513-7368 Accession Number PMID: 24716921 Language eng SubFile Journal Article; IM DOI Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 24716921 Abstract BACKGROUND: The popularity of the narghile waterpipe, also referred to as hookah, shisha or hubble-bubble has increased tremendously during the past few decades. The aim of this study was to expose perception of narghile among a representative sample of university students in Sakarya University campus. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Written approval was taken from the local education authority. An anonymous questionnaire which was prepared by the investigators and contained 17 questions was administered. Nine of the questions were related to socio-demographic characteristics and eight were related to the students harm perceptions about waterpipe. A total of 1,320 questionnaries were received and after preliminary evaluation 1,255 (95.7%) were found to be suitable for evaluation. The data was evaluated in SPSS program by using percentages and averages. RESULTS: The mean +/- SD age of the students was 20.8 +/- 2.29 years (min 18, max 32). There were 864 (68.8%) females and 391 (31.2%) males. A total of 6.3 % of the students (n=79) believed that waterpipe is not harmful because its smoke does not burn the lungs. Almost one-third (n=318) think that the carcinogenic chemicals are filtered while waterpipe smoke passes from the water; 12.1 % of the students (n=152) checked "true" for the statement of "waterpipe smoke contains no nicotine". It is seen that 14.0 % of the students (n=176) think waterpipe with fruit/ aroma is healthier than plain waterpipe. CONCLUSIONS: As a result of this study, it is found out that a substantial number of university students have false beliefs on harmful effects of waterpipe smoking. Descriptors Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Alvur,M.T., Cinar,N., Akduran,F., Dede,C. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic PMCID Editors
Evaluation of knowledge and behavior of and attitudes towards smoking cigarettes and using smokeless tobacco in patients with chronic renal failure	2013	Department of Family Medicine, Medical Faculty, Kahramanmaras Sutcuimam University, Kahramanmaras, Turkey. hakisucakli@gmail.com	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Transplantation proceedings Periodical, Abbrev. Transplant.Proc. Pub Date Free Form Jul-Aug Volume 45 Issue 6 Start Page 2129 Other Pages 2132 Notes LR: 20151119; CI: Copyright (c) 2013; JID: 0243532; 0 (Tobacco Smoke Pollution); 2012/11/02 [received]; 2012/12/18 [revised]; 2013/03/06 [accepted]; ppublish Place of Publication United States ISSN/ISBN 1873-2623; 0041-1345 Accession Number PMID: 23953522 Language eng SubFile Journal Article; IM DOI 10.1016/j.transproceed.2013.03.027 [doi] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 23953522 Abstract BACKGROUND: Smoking can have negative effects on renal function in healthy individuals, which may result in kidney disease. To determine knowledge, behavior, and attitudes toward smoking cigarettes and using smokeless tobacco among patients with chronic renal failure, we sought to provide evidence for appropriate precautions and guidance for further research. METHODS: The study included 86.7% of 390 patients undergoing treatment for chronic renal failure who completed a 30-question instrument. RESULTS: Of the participants, 7.9% were smokers and 12.6% ex-smokers. Among the smokers, 61% said they wanted to quit and 45% said they needed help to quit. Of the participants, 9.5% were using Maras powder, a type of smokeless tobacco. Of the smokeless tobacco users, 55.6% noted that they wanted to give it up. The rate of the participants smoking cigarettes and/or using smokeless tobacco was 17.4%. In addition, 38.9% of the participants said that they started to use smokeless tobacco to quit smoking cigarettes. Of the participants, 62.6% thought smoking was harmful to the kidneys. The rate of the passive smokers was 30.2%. Of the participants, 66.3% explained that they were exposed to smoke at home. CONCLUSIONS: Appropriate interventions should begin to help patients with chronic renal failure stop smoking and to prevent them from exposure to cigarette smoke. Smokers should be informed that using smokeless tobacco is not a way to stop smoking cigarettes. Education programs should be conducted to prevent people from using smokeless tobacco and to help smokeless tobacco users to quit their habit. Descriptors Links Book Title Database Publisher Elsevier Inc Data Source Authors Sucakli,M.H., Kahraman,H., Altunoren,O., Celik,M., Sayarlioglu,H., Dogan,E. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic PMCID Editors
Effect of self-administered auricular acupressure on smoking cessation--a pilot study	2012	Department of Family Medicine, Queen's University, 220 Bagot Street, Kingston, ON K7L 5E9, Canada. leungl@queensu.ca	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full BMC complementary and alternative medicine Periodical, Abbrev. BMC Complement.Altern.Med. Pub Date Free Form 28-Feb Volume 12 Issue Start Page 11 Other Pages 12/11/6882 Notes LR: 20150225; ClinicalTrials.gov/NCT01389622; JID: 101088661; 7U1EE4V452 (Carbon Monoxide); OID: NLM: PMC3328240; 2011/07/27 [received]; 2012/02/28 [accepted]; 2012/02/28 [aheadofprint]; epublish Place of Publication England ISSN/ISBN 1472-6882; 1472-6882 Accession Number PMID: 22373002 Language eng SubFile Journal Article; Randomized Controlled Trial; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; IM DOI 10.1186/1472-6882-12-11 [doi] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 22373002 Abstract BACKGROUND: Tobacco smoking is still a worldwide health risk. Current pharmacotherapies have at best, a success rate of no more than 50%. Auricular (ear) acupressure has been purported to be beneficial in achieving smoking cessation in some studies, while in others has been deemed insignificant. We hereby describe the protocol for a three-arm randomised controlled trial to examine the possible benefits of self-administered acupressure for smoking cessation. METHODS: Sixty consenting participants with confirmed habit of tobacco smoking will be recruited and randomized into three arms to receive either auricular acupressure at five true acupoints (NADA protocol), auricular acupressure at five sham points, or no auricular acupressure at all. Participants having auricular acupressure will exert firm pressure to each acupoint bilaterally via the bead in the attached plasters whenever they feel the urge to smoke. The treatment phase will last for six weeks during which all participants will be assessed weekly to review their smoking log, state of abstinence, end-exhalation carbon monoxide levels and possible adverse effects including withdrawal reactions and stress levels. At any time, a successful quit date will be defined with continuous abstinence for the following consecutive 7 days. From then on, participants will be evaluated individually for continuous abstinence rate (CAR), end-exhalation carbon monoxide levels and adverse effects of stress and withdrawal at specified intervals up to 26 weeks. Expectancy of treatment will be assessed with a four-item Borkovec and Nau self-assessment credibility scale during and after intervention. DISCUSSION: We incorporate validated outcome measures of smoking cessation into our randomised controlled trial design with the objectives to evaluate the feasibility and possible benefits of self-administered auricular acupressure as a non-invasive alternative to pharmacotherapy for smoking cessation. TRIAL REGISTRATION: ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT01389622 (registered Jul 7 2011). Descriptors Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Leung,L., Neufeld,T., Marin,S. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic 20120228 PMCID PMC3328240 Editors
Cigarette smoking and associated health risks among students at five universities	2010	Department of Family Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA 98105, USA. abigail@uw.edu	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Nicotine & tobacco research : official journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco Periodical, Abbrev. Nicotine Tob.Res. Pub Date Free Form Feb Volume 12 Issue 2 Start Page 96 Other Pages 104 Notes LR: 20151119; GR: 1R01 AA014685-01/AA/NIAAA NIH HHS/United States; GR: R01 AA014685/AA/NIAAA NIH HHS/United States; JID: 9815751; OID: NLM: PMC2902913; 2009/12/17 [aheadofprint]; ppublish Place of Publication England ISSN/ISBN 1469-994X; 1462-2203 Accession Number PMID: 20018947 Language eng SubFile Journal Article; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural; IM DOI 10.1093/ntr/ntp182 [doi] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 20018947 Abstract INTRODUCTION: While most college students and other young adults who smoke fall into the light and intermittent smoking (LITS) category, they remain at risk for tobacco dependence and other adverse health effects from their smoking. This study examines smoking patterns, tobacco dependence, and other health variables among students at five universities to better understand how to identify and address tobacco use and related risks in a college health clinic setting. METHODS: A health screening survey was completed by 2,091 college and graduate student volunteers seeking routine care at their university health centers or participating in a health class. Independent health variables were analyzed descriptively and in regression analyses with three levels of smoking (none, non-daily, and daily) and tobacco dependence to determine predictors and associated risks. RESULTS: Nearly a quarter of students reported any current smoking, 41% of whom reported smoking less than 1 cigarette/day (cpd). Of the daily smokers, 80% smoked less than 10 cpd but 45% met criteria for tobacco dependence. Any smoking was associated with high-risk alcohol use, risky driving, relational abuse, depression, less exercise, and utilization of emergency and mental health services. In regression analyses, students who experienced depression had more than double the odds of being dependent smokers (odds ratio [OR] = 2.32), as did those who reported abuse (OR = 2.07) or sought mental health counseling (OR = 2.09). DISCUSSION: Student health providers should be alerted to the multiple risks and comorbidities that occur among all smokers, including LITS, and intervene concurrently to help prevent or mitigate adverse outcomes that result from these conditions and behaviors. Descriptors Adult, Alcohol Drinking/epidemiology/psychology, Attitude to Health, Comorbidity, Depression/epidemiology/psychology, Female, Humans, Life Style, Male, Risk-Taking, Smoking/epidemiology/psychology, Students/psychology/statistics & numerical data, Surveys and Questionnaires, Tobacco Use Disorder/epidemiology, Universities, Young Adult Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Halperin,A. C., Smith,S. S., Heiligenstein,E., Brown,D., Fleming,M. F. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic 20091217 PMCID PMC2902913 Editors
Enhancing partner support to improve smoking cessation	2012	Department of FamilyMedicine,Medical College of Dankook University, Cheonan, Korea, South. ewpark@kornet.net.	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full The Cochrane database of systematic reviews Periodical, Abbrev. Cochrane Database Syst.Rev. Pub Date Free Form 11-Jul Volume (7):CD002928. doi Issue 7 Start Page CD002928 Other Pages Notes LR: 20160602; JID: 100909747; epublish Place of Publication England ISSN/ISBN 1469-493X; 1361-6137 Accession Number PMID: 22786483 Language eng SubFile Journal Article; Meta-Analysis; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; Review; IM DOI 10.1002/14651858.CD002928.pub3 [doi] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 22786483 Abstract BACKGROUND: While many cessation programmes are available to assist smokers in quitting, research suggests that partner involvement may encourage long-term abstinence. OBJECTIVES: The purpose of this review was to determine if an intervention to enhance partner support helps smoking cessation when added as an adjunct to a smoking cessation programme, and to estimate the size of any effect. SEARCH METHODS: For the most recent update, the search was limited to the Cochrane Tobacco Addiction Group Specialized Register. This was searched in December 2011. The Specialized Register includes reports of controlled trials of smoking cessation identified from electronic searches of the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL) to Issue 4, 2011, MEDLINE to update 20110826, EMBASE to 2011 week 33, PsycINFO to 20110822 and Web of Science. The search terms used were smoking (prevention, control, therapy), smoking cessation, and support (family, marriage, spouse, partner, sexual partner, buddy, friend, co-habitees and co-worker). SELECTION CRITERIA: Randomized controlled trials of smoking cessation interventions that compared an intervention that included a partner support component with an otherwise identical intervention and reported follow-up of six months or longer. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS: Two authors independently identified the included studies and extracted data using a structured form. A third author was consulted to aid in the resolution of discrepancies. Abstinence, biochemically validated if possible, was the primary outcome measure and was extracted at two post-treatment intervals: six to nine months and 12 months or greater. Partner Interaction Questionnaire and Support Provided Measure scores were also analysed to assess partner support. A fixed-effect model was used to pool relative risks from each study and estimate a summary effect. MAIN RESULTS: A total of 57 articles were identified for this review. Twelve articles (13 studies, > 2000 participants) met the inclusion criteria. The definition of partner varied between studies. All studies gave self-reported smoking cessation rates, but there was limited biochemical validation of abstinence. The pooled risk ratio for self-reported abstinence was 0.99 (95% confidence interval (CI) 0.84 to 1.15) at six to nine months and 1.04 (95% CI 0.87 to 1.24) at 12 months or more post-treatment. Of the eight studies that measured partner support at follow-up, only two studies reported a significant increase in partner support in the intervention groups. One study reported a significant increase in partner support in the intervention group, but smokers' reports of partner support received did not differ significantly in this study. AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS: In this review of randomized controlled trials of interventions designed to enhance partner support for smokers in cessation programmes, we failed to detect an increase in quit rates. Limited data from several of the trials suggest that these interventions also did not increase partner support. No conclusions can be made about the impact of partner support on smoking cessation. Additional studies with larger samples are needed to adequately explore the effects of partner support interventions for smoking cessation. Descriptors Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Park,E.W., Tudiver,F.G., Campbell,T. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic 20120711 PMCID Editors

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