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WTS Database
The subject of interest is:
waterpipe, water-pipe, nargile, narghile, arguileh, arguile, shisha, sheesha, chichi, hubble bubble, hubbly bubbly, goza, hookah, bong
| Title | Pub Year | Author Sort descending | SearchLink |
|---|---|---|---|
| Relationship between chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and subclinical coronary artery disease in long-term smokers | 2013 | Department of Cardiology, Section 2012, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 9, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark. | Read more... |
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Source Type
Print(0)
Ref Type
Journal Article
Periodical, Full
European heart journal cardiovascular Imaging
Periodical, Abbrev.
Eur.Heart J.Cardiovasc.Imaging
Pub Date Free Form
Dec
Volume
14
Issue
12
Start Page
1159
Other Pages
1166
Notes
LR: 20160511; JID: 101573788; OTO: NOTNLM; 2013/05/02 [aheadofprint]; ppublish
Place of Publication
England
ISSN/ISBN
2047-2412; 2047-2404
Accession Number
PMID: 23639550
Language
eng
SubFile
Comparative Study; Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; IM
DOI
10.1093/ehjci/jet057 [doi]
Output Language
Unknown(0)
PMID
23639550
Abstract
AIMS: Cardiovascular conditions are reported to be the most frequent cause of death in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). However, it remains unsettled whether severity of COPD per se is associated with coronary artery disease (CAD) independent of traditional cardiovascular risk factors. The aim of this study was to examine the relationship between the presence and severity of COPD and the amount of coronary artery calcium deposit, an indicator of CAD and cardiac risk, in a large population of current and former long-term smokers. METHODS AND RESULTS: In this cross-sectional study, long-term smokers without clinically manifested CAD were recruited from the Danish Lung Cancer Screening Trial and classified according to lung function by the Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease (GOLD) criteria. Coronary artery calcium deposit as a measure of subclinical CAD and cardiac risk was evaluated with multi detector computed tomography and the Agatston coronary artery calcium score (CACS). Participants were categorized into five CACS risk classification groups according to the CACS. The population (n = 1535) consisted of 41% participants without COPD, 28% with mild, and 31% with moderate-to-severe COPD (n = 46 with severe COPD). In addition to age, male gender, hypertension, hypercholesterolaemia, and continued smoking, COPD according to GOLD classification were independent predictors of a higher CACS risk classification group in multivariable analysis [odds ratio (OR): 1.28 (1.01-1.63) and OR: 1.32 (1.05-1.67), for mild and moderate-to-severe COPD, respectively, compared with no COPD]. CONCLUSION: COPD in long-term smokers is independently correlated with the CACS, while COPD severity per se does not show a dose-response relationship.
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Data Source
Authors
Rasmussen,T., Kober,L., Pedersen,J.H., Dirksen,A., Thomsen,L.H., Stender,S., Brodersen,J., Groen,J., Ashraf,H., Kofoed,K.F.
Original/Translated Title
URL
Date of Electronic
20130502
PMCID
Editors
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| Relation of cardiovascular risk factors and angina status to obstructive coronary artery disease according to categorical coronary artery calcium score | 2012 | Department of Cardiology, Sumitomo Hospital, 5-3-20 Nakanoshima, Kita-ku, Osaka 530-0005, Japan. ueda-hiroyasu@sumitomo-hp.or.jp | Read more... |
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Source Type
Print(0)
Ref Type
Journal Article
Periodical, Full
Heart and vessels
Periodical, Abbrev.
Heart Vessels
Pub Date Free Form
Mar
Volume
27
Issue
2
Start Page
128
Other Pages
134
Notes
JID: 8511258; 2010/09/21 [received]; 2011/02/18 [accepted]; 2011/03/18 [aheadofprint]; ppublish
Place of Publication
Japan
ISSN/ISBN
1615-2573; 0910-8327
Accession Number
PMID: 21416117
Language
eng
SubFile
Journal Article; IM
DOI
10.1007/s00380-011-0128-2 [doi]
Output Language
Unknown(0)
PMID
21416117
Abstract
Coronary artery calcium (CAC) is associated with the presence of coronary artery disease (CAD) and cardiovascular risk factors. However, the relation between cardiovascular risk factors and CAD has not yet been fully elucidated in patients with a zero or low coronary artery calcium score (CACS). The purpose of this study was to evaluate the relation of cardiovascular risk factors and angina status to obstructive CAD according to categorical CACS. A total of 753 patients were enrolled in this study. CAC scoring and coronary computed tomographic angiography (CCTA) were performed with dual-source 64-slice CT scanners. The number of patients with a CACS =10 and =100 were 358 and 528, respectively. Patients with a higher CACS were older and more frequently male, and had a greater frequency of hypertension, diabetes, and hypercholesterolemia. The prevalence of obstructive CAD increased with the CACS. Among patients with a CACS =100, age, male gender, diabetes, hypercholesterolemia, and typical angina pectoris were related to obstructive CAD. The presence of hypercholesterolemia was relatively strongly associated with obstructive CAD (OR 6.67, 95% CI 2.91-15.3, p
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Data Source
Authors
Ueda,H., Harimoto,K., Tomoyama,S., Tamaru,H., Miyawaki,M., Mitsusada,N., Yasuga,Y., Hiraoka,H.
Original/Translated Title
URL
Date of Electronic
20110318
PMCID
Editors
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| Patent foramen ovale closure in recreational divers: effect on decompression illness and ischaemic brain lesions during long-term follow-up | 2011 | Department of Cardiology, University Hospital, Bern, Switzerland. | Read more... |
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Source Type
Print(0)
Ref Type
Journal Article
Periodical, Full
Heart (British Cardiac Society)
Periodical, Abbrev.
Heart
Pub Date Free Form
Dec
Volume
97
Issue
23
Start Page
1932
Other Pages
1937
Notes
LR: 20140730; JID: 9602087; 2011/09/13 [aheadofprint]; ppublish
Place of Publication
England
ISSN/ISBN
1468-201X; 1355-6037
Accession Number
PMID: 21917666
Language
eng
SubFile
Journal Article; AIM; IM
DOI
10.1136/heartjnl-2011-300436 [doi]
Output Language
Unknown(0)
PMID
21917666
Abstract
OBJECTIVE: To test the effect of patent foramen ovale (PFO) closure on neurological events in divers. DESIGN: Prospective, non-randomised, longitudinal three-arm study. SETTING: Tertiary referral centre. POPULATION: 104 scuba divers with a history of major decompression illness (DCI). INTERVENTION: Transcutaneous PFO closure. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Baseline and three follow-up examinations with a questionnaire about health status and diving habits/accidents, transoesophageal echocardiography at baseline for PFO grading, cerebral MRI at all examinations. RESULTS: 39 divers had no PFO, 26 had a PFO and chose to undergo percutaneous closure and 39 had a PFO, but decided not to undergo closure. The total number of dives, including those performed before baseline and those during long-term follow-up, was 81,654; 18,394 dives during the follow-up period of 5.3 +/- 0.3 years, during which there were a total of five major neurological DCI events-namely 0 in the no PFO group, 0.5 +/- 2.5/10(4) dives in the PFO closure group and 35.8 +/- 102.5/10(4) dives in the PFO no closure group (four events; p = 0.045 between the PFO groups). In the groups, no PFO, PFO closure and PFO no closure, there were 1.1 +/- 2.6, 0.8 +/- 1.4, 3.3 +/- 6.9 ischaemic brain lesions, respectively, at follow-up (p = 0.039 between the PFO groups)-that is, 16 +/- 42/10(4) dives in the no PFO group, 6 +/- 13/10(4) dives in the PFO closure group and 104 +/- 246/10(4) dives in the PFO no closure group (overall p = 0.042; p = 0.024 between the PFO groups). CONCLUSION: PFO closure in continuing divers appears to prevent symptomatic (major DCI) and asymptomatic (ischaemic brain lesions) neurological events during long-term follow-up.
Descriptors
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Book Title
Database
Publisher
Data Source
Authors
Billinger,M., Zbinden,R., Mordasini,R., Windecker,S., Schwerzmann,M., Meier,B., Seiler,C.
Original/Translated Title
URL
Date of Electronic
20110913
PMCID
Editors
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| Risk of decompression illness among 230 divers in relation to the presence and size of patent foramen ovale | 2004 | Department of Cardiology, University Hospital, CH-3010 Bern, Switzerland. | Read more... |
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Source Type
Print(0)
Ref Type
Journal Article
Periodical, Full
European heart journal
Periodical, Abbrev.
Eur.Heart J.
Pub Date Free Form
Jun
Volume
25
Issue
12
Start Page
1014
Other Pages
1020
Notes
LR: 20050428; JID: 8006263; CIN: Eur Heart J. 2004 Dec;25(23):2173-4. PMID: 15571841; 2003/11/29 [received]; 2004/04/09 [revised]; 2004/04/13 [accepted]; ppublish
Place of Publication
England
ISSN/ISBN
0195-668X; 0195-668X
Accession Number
PMID: 15191771
Language
eng
SubFile
Journal Article; IM
DOI
10.1016/j.ehj.2004.04.028 [doi]
Output Language
Unknown(0)
PMID
15191771
Abstract
BACKGROUND: The risk of developing decompression illness (DCI) in divers with a patent foramen ovale (PFO) has not been directly determined so far; neither has it been assessed in relation to the PFO's size. METHODS: In 230 scuba divers (age 39+/-8 years), contrast trans-oesophageal echocardiography (TEE) was performed for the detection and size grading (0-3) of PFO. Prior to TEE, the study individuals answered a detailed questionnaire about their health status and about their diving habits and accidents. For inclusion into the study, > or =200 dives and strict adherence to decompression tables were required. RESULTS: Sixty-three divers (27%) had a PFO. Overall, the absolute risk of suffering a DCI event was 2.5 per 10(4) dives. There were 18 divers (29%) with, and 10 divers (6%) without, PFO who had experienced > or =1 major DCI events P=0.016. In the group with PFO, the incidence per 10(4) dives of a major DCI, a DCI lasting longer than 24 h and of being treated in a decompression chamber amounted to 5.1 (median 0, interquartile range [IQR] 0-10.0), 1.9 (median 0, IQR 0-4.0) and 3.6 (median 0, IQR 0-9.8), respectively and was 4.8-12.9-fold higher than in the group without PFO (P<0.001). The risk of suffering a major DCI, of a DCI lasting longer than 24 h and of being treated by recompression increased with rising PFO size. CONCLUSION: The presence of a PFO is related to a low absolute risk of suffering five major DCI events per 10(4) dives, the odds of which is five times as high as in divers without PFO. The risk of suffering a major DCI parallels PFO size.
Descriptors
Decompression Sickness/etiology/pathology, Diving/adverse effects/statistics & numerical data, Echocardiography, Transesophageal/methods, Female, Health Status, Heart Septal Defects, Atrial/complications/pathology/ultrasonography, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Risk Assessment, Risk Factors
Links
Book Title
Database
Publisher
Data Source
Authors
Torti,S. R., Billinger,M., Schwerzmann,M., Vogel,R., Zbinden,R., Windecker,S., Seiler,C.
Original/Translated Title
URL
Date of Electronic
PMCID
Editors
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| In vitro genoprotective and genotoxic effect of nicotine on human leukocytes evaluated by the comet assay | 2014 | Department of Cell Biology, Faculty of Biology, Adam Mickiewicz University , Poznan , Poland. | Read more... |
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Source Type
Print(0)
Ref Type
Journal Article
Periodical, Full
Drug and chemical toxicology
Periodical, Abbrev.
Drug Chem.Toxicol.
Pub Date Free Form
Jul
Volume
37
Issue
3
Start Page
322
Other Pages
328
Notes
LR: 20151119; JID: 7801723; 0 (Reactive Oxygen Species); 6M3C89ZY6R (Nicotine); OTO: NOTNLM; 2013/11/18 [aheadofprint]; ppublish
Place of Publication
England
ISSN/ISBN
1525-6014; 0148-0545
Accession Number
PMID: 24245828
Language
eng
SubFile
Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; IM
DOI
10.3109/01480545.2013.851693 [doi]
Output Language
Unknown(0)
PMID
24245828
Abstract
The comet assay was used to measure the DNA damage induced in vitro by nicotine in human leukocytes as the extent of DNA migration in the comet head area, tail length, percent DNA in the tail, and Olive tail moment. Samples of whole blood were collected and blood cells were challenged with acute doses of 0.1, 1 and 10 microM of (-)-nicotine for 60 minutes. We found that nicotine treatment had dose-dependent effects on the level of DNA damage. At 1 and 10 microM of nicotine, both Olive tail moment and percent DNA in the tail significantly increased (p
Descriptors
Links
Book Title
Database
Publisher
Data Source
Authors
Sobkowiak,R., Musidlak,J., Lesicki,A.
Original/Translated Title
URL
Date of Electronic
20131118
PMCID
Editors
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| Indoor air quality due to secondhand smoke: Signals from selected hospitality locations in rural and urban areas of Bangalore and Dharwad districts in Karnataka, India | 2015 | Department of Centre for Multi-Disciplinary Development Research, Dharwad, Karnataka, India. | Read more... |
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Source Type
Print(0)
Ref Type
Journal Article
Periodical, Full
Indian journal of cancer
Periodical, Abbrev.
Indian J.Cancer
Pub Date Free Form
Oct-Dec
Volume
52
Issue
4
Start Page
708
Other Pages
713
Notes
JID: 0112040; ppublish
Place of Publication
India
ISSN/ISBN
1998-4774; 0019-509X
Accession Number
PMID: 26960527
Language
eng
SubFile
Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; IM
DOI
10.4103/0019-509X.178447 [doi]
Output Language
Unknown(0)
PMID
26960527
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Tobacco smoke has compounds that are known as human carcinogens. With every breath of secondhand smoke we inhale thousands of chemicals. The Government of India in the interest of public health has enacted the Cigarette and Other Tobacco Products Act (COTPA), 2003, which bans smoking in all the public places including hotels and restaurants. The purpose of this study was to observe and record air pollution in smoke free and smoke observed locations and thereby find out whether the owners/managers of hotels, restaurants, and bars comply with rules of COTPA. OBJECTIVES: The objectives of the study were to measure and compare the level of particulate air pollution from secondhand smoke (PM2.5) in smoking and nonsmoking venues. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The study was conducted from September 2009 to March 2010 in Karnataka, India following a nonrandom sample of 79 locations, which included restaurants, bars, cafes, hotels, and tea stalls in two districts. The concentration of PM2.5 was measured using a TSI SidePak AM510 Personal Aerosol Monitor. RESULTS: In Karnataka out of the 79 hospitality locations, smoking was observed in 58% places and only 28% had displayed the required "No Smoking" signage. Places where indoor smoking was observed had high levels of air pollution with average 135 PM2.5, which were 3.1 times higher than the average 43 PM2.5 in smoke-free locations and 14 times higher than the World Health Organization (WHO) target air quality guideline for PM2.5. The average PM2.5 levels in different locations ranged from 11 to 417 mug/m(3) and was lower in the case of apparently compliant designated smoking area (DSR). CONCLUSIONS: The patrons and the workers in the hospitality sector continue to be exposed to secondhand smoke despite the enactment of COTPA, which bans smoking in public places. This situation demands stringent measures for effective implementation of the Smoke Free Act and negative response to smoking among civil society.
Descriptors
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Book Title
Database
Publisher
Data Source
Authors
Travers,M.J., Nayak,N.S., Annigeri,V.B., Billava,N.N.
Original/Translated Title
URL
Date of Electronic
PMCID
Editors
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| Effects of blending of desalinated and conventionally treated surface water on iron corrosion and its release from corroding surfaces and pre-existing scales | 2013 | Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521, USA. haizhou@engr.ucr.edu | Read more... |
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Source Type
Print(0)
Ref Type
Journal Article
Periodical, Full
Water research
Periodical, Abbrev.
Water Res.
Pub Date Free Form
1-Jul
Volume
47
Issue
11
Start Page
3817
Other Pages
3826
Notes
CI: Copyright (c) 2013; JID: 0105072; 0 (Chlorides); 0 (Ferric Compounds); 0 (Iron Compounds); 0 (Minerals); 0 (Phosphates); 0 (Sulfates); 1310-14-1 (goethite); 39473-89-7 (ferrihydrite); E1UOL152H7 (Iron); SY7Q814VUP (Calcium); 2012/10/19 [received]; 201
Place of Publication
England
ISSN/ISBN
1879-2448; 0043-1354
Accession Number
PMID: 23651514
Language
eng
SubFile
Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.; IM
DOI
10.1016/j.watres.2013.03.052 [doi]
Output Language
Unknown(0)
PMID
23651514
Abstract
This study examined effects of blending desalinated water with conventionally treated surface water on iron corrosion and release from corroding metal surfaces and pre-existing scales exposed to waters having varying fractions of desalinated water, alkalinities, pH values and orthophosphate levels. The presence of desalinated water resulted in markedly decreased 0.45 mum-filtered soluble iron concentrations. However, higher fractions of desalinated water in the blends were also associated with more fragile corroding surfaces, lower retention of iron oxidation products and release of larger iron particles in the bulk water. SEM, XRD and XANES data showed that in surface water, a dense layer of amorphous ferrihydrite phase predominated in the corrosion products. More crystalline surface phases developed in the presence of desalinated water. These solid phases transformed from goethite to lepidocrocite with increased fraction of desalinated water. These effects are likely to result from a combination of chemical parameters, notably variations of the concentrations of natural organic matter, calcium, chloride and sulfate when desalinated and conventionally treated waters are blended.
Descriptors
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Book Title
Database
Publisher
Elsevier Ltd
Data Source
Authors
Liu,H., Schonberger,K.D., Peng,C.Y., Ferguson,J.F., Desormeaux,E., Meyerhofer,P., Luckenbach,H., Korshin,G.V.
Original/Translated Title
URL
Date of Electronic
20130416
PMCID
Editors
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| Toward the stereochemical identification of prohibited characterizing flavors in tobacco products: the case of strawberry flavor | 2015 | Department of Chemical and Product Safety, German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment (BfR), Max-Dohrn-Strasse 8-10, 10589, Berlin, Germany, Meike.Paschke@bfr.bund.de. | Read more... |
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Source Type
Print(0)
Ref Type
Journal Article
Periodical, Full
Archives of Toxicology
Periodical, Abbrev.
Arch.Toxicol.
Pub Date Free Form
Aug
Volume
89
Issue
8
Start Page
1241
Other Pages
1255
Notes
JID: 0417615; 0 (Flavoring Agents); 0 (Volatile Organic Compounds); 2015/05/04 [received]; 2015/06/18 [accepted]; 2015/07/03 [aheadofprint]; ppublish
Place of Publication
Germany
ISSN/ISBN
1432-0738; 0340-5761
Accession Number
PMID: 26138682
Language
eng
SubFile
Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; IM
DOI
10.1007/s00204-015-1558-x [doi]
Output Language
Unknown(0)
PMID
26138682
Abstract
With the revision of the European Tobacco Products Directive (2014/40/EU), characterizing flavors such as strawberry, candy, vanillin or chocolate will be prohibited in cigarettes and fine-cut tobacco. Product surveillance will therefore require analytical means to define and subsequently detect selected characterizing flavors that are formed by supplemented flavors within the complex matrix tobacco. We have analyzed strawberry-flavored tobacco products as an example for characterizing fruit-like aroma. Using this approach, we looked into aroma components to find indicative patterns or features that can be used to satisfy obligatory product information as requested by the European Directive. Accordingly, a headspace solid-phase microextraction (HS-SPME) technique was developed and coupled to subsequent gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC/MS) to characterize different strawberry-flavored tobacco products (cigarettes, fine-cut tobacco, liquids for electronic cigarettes, snus, shisha tobacco) for their volatile additives. The results were compared with non-flavored, blend characteristic flavored and other fruity-flavored cigarettes, as well as fresh and dried strawberries. Besides different esters and aldehydes, the terpenes linalool, alpha-terpineol, nerolidol and limonene as well as the lactones gamma-decalactone, gamma-dodecalactone and gamma-undecalactone could be verified as compounds sufficient to convey some sort of strawberry flavor to tobacco. Selected flavors, i.e., limonene, linalool, alpha-terpineol, citronellol, carvone and gamma-decalactone, were analyzed further with respect to their stereoisomeric composition by using enantioselective HS-SPME-GC/MS. These experiments confirmed that individual enantiomers that differ in taste or physiological properties can be distinguished within the tobacco matrix. By comparing the enantiomeric composition of these compounds in the tobacco with that of fresh and dried strawberries, it can be concluded that non-natural strawberry aroma is usually used to produce strawberry-flavored tobacco products. Such authenticity control can become of interest particularly when manufacturers claim that natural sources were used for flavoring of products. Although the definition of characterizing flavors by analytical means remains challenging, specific compounds or features are required to be defined for routine screening of reported information. Clarifications by sensory testing might still be necessary, but could be limited to a few preselected samples.
Descriptors
Links
Book Title
Database
Publisher
Data Source
Authors
Paschke,M., Hutzler,C., Henkler,F., Luch,A.
Original/Translated Title
URL
Date of Electronic
20150703
PMCID
Editors
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| Ethyl 6-methyl-2-oxo-4-[4-(1H-tetra-zol-5-yl)phen-yl]-1,2,3,4-tetra-hydro-pyrimidine-5- carboxyl-ate-di-methyl-formamide-water (2/1/1) | 2013 | Department of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing College of Chemical Technology, Nanjing 210048, People's Republic of China.; Department of Applied Chemistry, Nanjing College of Chemical Technology, Nanjing 210048, People's Republic of China.; Department of Ap | Read more... |
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Source Type
Print(0)
Ref Type
Journal Article
Periodical, Full
Acta crystallographica.Section E, Structure reports online
Periodical, Abbrev.
Acta Crystallogr.Sect.E.Struct.Rep.Online
Pub Date Free Form
4-Dec
Volume
70
Issue
Pt 1
Start Page
o1
Other Pages
2
Notes
LR: 20140217; JID: 101089178; OID: NLM: PMC3914044; 2014/01/01 [ecollection]; 2013/11/19 [received]; 2013/11/26 [accepted]; 2013/12/04 [epublish]; epublish
Place of Publication
United States
ISSN/ISBN
1600-5368; 1600-5368
Accession Number
PMID: 24526960
Language
eng
SubFile
Journal Article
DOI
10.1107/S1600536813032224 [doi]
Output Language
Unknown(0)
PMID
24526960
Abstract
The asymmetric unit of the title compound, 2C15H16N6O3.C3H7NO.H2O, contains two independent ethyl 6-methyl-2-oxo-4-[4-(1H-tetra-zol-5-yl)phen-yl]-1,2,3,4-tetra-hydro-pyrim-id-ine- 5-carboxyl-ate mol-ecules, in which the dihedral angles between the tetra-zole and benzene rings are 20.54 (12) and 12.13 (12) degrees . An intra-molecular C-Hcdots, three dots, centeredO hydrogen bond occurs in each mol-ecule. In the crystal, N-Hcdots, three dots, centeredO, N-Hcdots, three dots, centeredN, O-Hcdots, three dots, centeredO and O-Hcdots, three dots, centeredN hydrogen bonds, as well as weak C-Hcdots, three dots, centeredO and C-Hcdots, three dots, centeredN hydrogen bonds, link the mol-ecules into a three-dimensional supra-molecular architecture. pi-pi stacking is also observed between parallel tetra-zole rings of adjacent mol-ecules, the centroid-centroid distance being 3.482 (6) A.
Descriptors
Links
Book Title
Database
Publisher
Data Source
Authors
Ouyang,H.Y., Chang,Y.Q., Zhao,L.
Original/Translated Title
URL
Date of Electronic
20131204
PMCID
PMC3914044
Editors
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| Chronological Review on Scientific Findings of Bonghan System and Primo Vascular System | 2016 | Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, 40292, USA. kyung.kang@louisville.edu. | Read more... |
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Source Type
Print(0)
Ref Type
Journal Article
Periodical, Full
Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology
Periodical, Abbrev.
Adv.Exp.Med.Biol.
Pub Date Free Form
Volume
923
Issue
Start Page
301
Other Pages
309
Notes
JID: 0121103; OTO: NOTNLM; ppublish
Place of Publication
United States
ISSN/ISBN
0065-2598; 0065-2598
Accession Number
PMID: 27526157
Language
eng
SubFile
Journal Article; IM
DOI
10.1007/978-3-319-38810-6_40 [doi]
Output Language
Unknown(0)
PMID
27526157
Abstract
In 1962, Bonghan Kim in North Korea published a report on a new vascular system in mammals, which he claimed as the acupuncture meridian. He soon named it the Bonghan System. Between 1962 and 1965, he published five reports, with detailed descriptions on the system. Kim also described the self-regenerating nature of a unique cell type Sanals in the system and these cells are now confirmed to be a type of stem cells. According to his findings, the system appears to have vital roles in maintaining mammalian lives. Kim disappeared in around 1965 and the research on this system also completely stopped. In 2002, Kwang-Sup Soh reported re-discovery of the system and, since then, his team has been leading the research on the system. The Soh team has confirmed many of Kim's findings to be valid, although so many of Kim's results are still to be verified. In 2010, the system was renamed the Primo Vascular System (PVS). Soh and researchers trained by Soh have also been reporting new scientific facts on the system. The PVS exists throughout the entire body, including inside the blood and lymphatic vessels. Recent reports revealed more evidence for it to be the acupuncture meridian, where some acupuncture therapies are applied for the blood pressure control. Thus, the PVS is expected to have roles in the oxygen transport in tissues. Many study results also suggest that the PVS may have roles in body homeostasis and regeneration. This article chronologically reviews Kim's scientific findings on the Bonghan System, which were verified by the PVS scientists (after 2000), and also the new findings reported by the PVS scientists.
Descriptors
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Book Title
Database
Publisher
Data Source
Authors
Kang,K.A.
Original/Translated Title
URL
Date of Electronic
PMCID
Editors
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