WTS database

Title	Pub Year Sort descending	Author	SearchLink
The effect of smoke-free homes on smoking behavior in the U.S	2008	Cancer Prevention and Control Program, Moores UCSD Cancer Center, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093-0901, USA.	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full American Journal of Preventive Medicine Periodical, Abbrev. Am.J.Prev.Med. Pub Date Free Form Sep Volume 35 Issue 3 Start Page 210 Other Pages 216 Notes JID: 8704773; 2008/04/10 [received]; 2008/05/16 [revised]; 2008/05/19 [accepted]; 2008/07/11 [aheadofprint]; ppublish Place of Publication Netherlands ISSN/ISBN 0749-3797; 0749-3797 Accession Number PMID: 18620837 Language eng SubFile Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; IM DOI 10.1016/j.amepre.2008.05.023 [doi] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 18620837 Abstract BACKGROUND: Evidence from longitudinal population surveys is needed to establish whether smoke-free homes might influence smoking behavior. METHODS: The Tobacco Use Supplement of the nationally representative U.S. Current Population Survey (TUS-CPS) interviewed 3292 adult recent smokers in 2002 and again 12 months later. Both surveys measured smoking status, rules on smoking in the home, and the number of cigarettes smoked per day (cpd). For the main study outcome, an early marker of successful cessation (>or=90 days quit) was used. Analysis was completed in 2008. RESULTS: In the 12 months ending February 2003, the prevalence of smoke-free homes among recent smokers increased from 33% to 39%. A smoke-free home at baseline was associated with >or=90 days cessation at follow-up (10.9% vs 6.2%, AOR=1.44; 95% CI=0.97, 2.21), and those who maintained a smoke-free home were more likely to be >or=90 days quit than those who did not (12.9% vs 5.7%, AOR=1.99; 95% CI=0.93, 4.25). However, adopting a smoke-free home during the year was associated with a nearly fivefold increase in the percentage of >or=90 days quit (AOR=4.81; 95% CI=3.06, 7.59). This increase was seen among all smokers, including moderate-to-heavy smokers (>or=90 days quit: a smoke-free home=13.0% vs no smoke-free home=2.9%, p<0.001). Among continuing smokers with a smoke-free home at baseline, maintenance of te smoke-free home was associated with a decline in consumption (micro=or-2.18; 95 CI=or-1.24; -3.10 cpd). Among continuing smokers with no smoke-free home at baseline, adoption of that status was also associated with a decline in consumption (micro=or-1.72; 95% CI=or-0.58; -2.85 cpd). CONCLUSIONS: This study provides strong evidence that the adoption of a smoke-free home is associated with successful quitting among smokers in the U.S. Descriptors Adolescent, Adult, Aged, Confidence Intervals, Female, Health Behavior, Health Promotion, Health Surveys, Humans, Longitudinal Studies, Male, Middle Aged, Prevalence, Risk-Taking, Smoking/epidemiology/prevention & control, Smoking Cessation, Social Marketing, United States/epidemiology, Young Adult Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Messer,K., Mills,A. L., White,M. M., Pierce,J. P. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic 20080711 PMCID Editors
Prevalence of waterpipe smoking among rural pregnant women in Southern Iran	2008		Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Med Princ Pract Periodical, Abbrev. Pub Date Free Form Volume 17 Issue 6 Start Page 435 Other Pages 9 Notes ID: 18836270 Place of Publication ISSN/ISBN Accession Number Language en SubFile DOI Output Language Unknown(0) PMID Abstract OBJECTIVE: To estimate the prevalence of waterpipe smoking among rural pregnant women in Southern Iran and to identify the impact of maternal waterpipe smoking on baby's birth weight. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: A population-based survey was conducted in rural areas of Southern Iran in 2004 using existing health records and interviewing all mothers during the 10 days after delivery. Maternal exclusion criteria included cigarette smoking during pregnancy, a history or occurrence of epilepsy, diabetes and hypertension (gestational and/or essential) during pregnancy, factors that have been proved to have detrimental effects on birth weight. RESULTS: Of the 2,808 mothers interviewed, 224 (8%) were waterpipe smokers of which 90 (3.2%) and 134 (4.8%) were occasional (smoking less than once per day) and daily (at least once per day) smokers, respectively. Six hundred and seventy-four (24%) were passively exposed to waterpipe smoke during pregnancy and 322 (11.5%) were exposed to second-hand cigarette smoke. Mothers who started smoking during the first trimester had lower birth weight babies (3,215 +/- 612 g) compared to those who started smoking during the second or third trimesters (3,447 +/- 550 g, p = 0.04). CONCLUSION: Waterpipe smoking during pregnancy is prevalent in Southern Iran and appears to be a risk factor for low birth weight babies. Descriptors Infant, Low Birth Weight, Pregnancy Outcome, Rural Population, Smoking/adverse effects, Tobacco Smoke Pollution/adverse effects, Birth Weight, Cross-Sectional Studies, Female, Humans, Infant, Newborn, Iran/epidemiology, Pregnancy, Pregnancy Trimesters/drug effects, Prenatal Care/statistics & numerical data, Prevalence, Risk Factors Links http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000151563 Book Title Database MEDLINE; http://www.globalhealthlibrary.net/ Publisher Data Source Authors Mirahmadizadeh,Alireza, Nakhaee,Nouzar Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic PMCID Editors
Prevalence of tobacco use among students aged 13-15 years in Health Ministers' Council/Gulf Cooperation Council Member States, 2001-2004	2008		Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full J Sch Health Periodical, Abbrev. J.Sch.Health Pub Date Free Form Volume 78 Issue 6 Start Page 337 Other Pages 43 Notes ID: 18489467 Place of Publication ISSN/ISBN Accession Number Language en SubFile DOI Output Language Unknown(0) PMID Abstract BACKGROUND: This article examines differences and similarities in adolescent tobacco use among Member States of the Health Ministers' Council for the Gulf Cooperation Council (HMC/GCC) using Global Youth Tobacco Survey (GYTS) data. METHODS: Nationally representative samples of students in grades associated with ages 13-15 in Bahrain, Kuwait, Oman, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, United Arab Emirates, and Yemen. Schools were selected proportional to enrollment size, classes were randomly selected within participating schools, and all students in selected classes were eligible to participate. RESULTS: GYTS results confirmed that boys are significantly more likely than girls to smoke cigarettes or use shisha (water pipe). Students had higher rates of tobacco use than adults in Bahrain, Oman, and United Arab Emirates. For boys and girls, shisha use was higher than cigarette smoking in almost all countries. Susceptibility to initiate smoking among never smokers was higher than current cigarette smoking in all countries. Exposure to secondhand smoke in public places was greater than 30%, direct protobacco advertising exposure was greater than 70% on billboards and in newspapers, and more than 10% of students were influenced by indirect advertising. Finally, less than half of the students were taught in school about the dangers of tobacco use in the past year. CONCLUSIONS: For boys and girls, high prevalence of cigarette smoking, high prevalence of shisha use, and high susceptibility of never smokers to initiate smoking in the next year are troubling indicators for the future of chronic disease and tobacco-related mortality in the Member States of the HMC/GCC. Descriptors Smoking/epidemiology, Adolescent, Female, Humans, Male, Middle East/epidemiology, Prevalence Links http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1746-1561.2008.00311.x Book Title Database MEDLINE; http://www.globalhealthlibrary.net/ Publisher Data Source Authors Moh'd Al-Mulla,Ahmad, Abdou Helmy,Sahar, Al-Lawati,Jawad, Al Nasser,Sami, Ali,Abdel Rahman, Almutawa,Ayesha, Abi Saab,Bassam, Al-Bedah,Abdullah, Al-Rabeah,Abdullah, Ali Bahaj,Ahmed, El-Awa,Fatimah, Warren,Charles W., Jones,Nathan R., Asma,Samira Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic PMCID Editors
Charcoal emissions as a source of CO and carcinogenic PAH in mainstream narghile waterpipe smoke	2008		Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Food Chem Toxicol Periodical, Abbrev. Food Chem.Toxicol. Pub Date Free Form Volume 46 Issue 9 Start Page 2991 Other Pages 5 Notes ID: 18573302 Place of Publication ISSN/ISBN Accession Number Language en SubFile DOI Output Language Unknown(0) PMID Abstract Burning charcoal is normally placed atop the tobacco to smoke the narghile waterpipe. We investigated the importance of charcoal as a toxicant source in the mainstream smoke, with particular attention to two well-known charcoal emissions: carbon monoxide (CO) and polyaromatic hydrocarbons (PAH). CO and PAH yields were compared when a waterpipe was machine smoked using charcoal and using an electrical heating element. The electrical heating element was designed to produce spatial and temporal temperature distributions similar to those measured using charcoal. With a popular type of ma'assel tobacco mixture, and using a smoking regimen consisting of 105 puffs of 530ml volume spaced 17s apart, it was found that approximately 90% of the CO and 75-92% of the 4- and 5-membered ring PAH compounds originated in the charcoal. Greater than 95% of the benzo(a)pyrene in the smoke was attributable to the charcoal. It was also found that the relative proportions of individual PAH species, the "PAH fingerprint", of the mainstream smoke were highly correlated to those extracted from the unburned charcoal (R(2)>0.94). In contrast, there was no correlation between the PAH fingerprint of the electrically heated and charcoal-heated conditions (R(2)<0.02). In addition to inhaling toxicants transferred from the tobacco, such as nicotine, "tar", and nitrosamines, waterpipe smokers thus also inhale large quantities of combustion-generated toxicants. This explains why, despite the generally low temperatures attained in the narghile tobacco, large quantities of CO and PAH have been found in the smoke. Descriptors Carbon Monoxide/analysis, Carcinogens/analysis, Carcinogens/toxicity, Charcoal/analysis, Polycyclic Compounds/analysis, Polycyclic Compounds/toxicity, Smoke/analysis, Smoking/metabolism, Hot Temperature, Temperature, Tobacco/chemistry Links http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.fct.2008.05.031 Book Title Database MEDLINE; http://www.globalhealthlibrary.net/ Publisher Data Source Authors Monzer,Bassel, Sepetdjian,Elizabeth, Saliba,Najat, Shihadeh,Alan Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic PMCID Editors
Phase-dependent antifungal activity against Aspergillus fumigatus developing multicellular filamentous biofilms	2008	Department of Biological and Biomedical Sciences, Glasgow Caledonian University, Glasgow, UK.	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full The Journal of antimicrobial chemotherapy Periodical, Abbrev. J.Antimicrob.Chemother. Pub Date Free Form Dec Volume 62 Issue 6 Start Page 1281 Other Pages 1284 Notes LR: 20141120; JID: 7513617; 0 (Antifungal Agents); 0 (Echinocandins); 0 (Formazans); 0 (Pyrimidines); 0 (Triazoles); 70709-62-5 (1,5-bis(2-methoxy-4-nitro-5-sulfophenyl)-3-((phenylamino)carbonyl)formazan); 7XU7A7DROE (Amphotericin B); F0XDI6ZL63 (caspofun Place of Publication England ISSN/ISBN 1460-2091; 0305-7453 Accession Number PMID: 18819968 Language eng SubFile Comparative Study; Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; IM DOI 10.1093/jac/dkn402 [doi] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 18819968 Abstract OBJECTIVES: Aspergillus fumigatus undergoes morphological transition throughout its growth and development. These changes have direct implications for the effectiveness of antifungal treatment. Here we report the in vitro antifungal activity of voriconazole, amphotericin B and caspofungin against three specific phases of multicellular development of A. fumigatus. METHODS: A. fumigatus conidia were propagated for 8, 12 and 24 h prior to antifungal challenge. The resultant activity of the three agents tested was determined using an XTT reduction assay to assess both endpoint and time-kill susceptibility profiles. RESULTS: Endpoint susceptibility testing demonstrated a time-dependent decrease in efficacy for all three antifungal agents as the complexity of the A. fumigatus hyphal structure developed. Overall, amphotericin B exhibited the best spectrum of activity at each phase of growth, but was comparable to voriconazole against germinated conidial growth (8 h). Later, both voriconazole and caspofungin were ineffective against complex mycelial structures (12 and 24 h). Time-kill studies demonstrated that amphotericin B was significantly more efficacious at reducing A. fumigatus metabolism than both voriconazole and caspofungin for all three growth phases examined, most notably after 1 h of drug exposure (P < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: Overall, the data presented demonstrate that treatment of actively growing A. fumigatus cells with antifungal agents is more efficacious than treating mature structures in vitro. Amphotericin B was consistently more effective against each phase and displayed rapid effects, and therefore may be a suitable option for managing patient groups at risk from aspergillosis infections. Descriptors Amphotericin B/pharmacology, Antifungal Agents/pharmacology, Aspergillus fumigatus/drug effects, Biofilms/drug effects, Echinocandins/pharmacology, Formazans/metabolism, Humans, Microbial Sensitivity Tests/methods, Microbial Viability, Mycelium/drug effects, Oxidation-Reduction, Pyrimidines/pharmacology, Spores, Fungal/drug effects, Triazoles/pharmacology, Voriconazole Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Mowat,E., Lang,S., Williams,C., McCulloch,E., Jones,B., Ramage,G. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic 20080926 PMCID Editors
Opium, tobacco, and alcohol use in relation to oesophageal squamous cell carcinoma in a high-risk area of Iran	2008		Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Br J Cancer Periodical, Abbrev. Br.J.Cancer Pub Date Free Form Volume 98 Issue 11 Start Page 1857 Other Pages 63 Notes ID: 18475303 Place of Publication ISSN/ISBN Accession Number Language en SubFile DOI Output Language Unknown(0) PMID Abstract The very high incidence of oesophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) in Golestan Province in northeastern Iran was suggested by studies in the 1970s as partly due to opium use, which is not uncommon in this area, but based on limited numbers. From December 2003 to June 2007, we administered a validated structured questionnaire to 300 ESCC cases and 571 controls, matched on neighbourhood of residence, age (+/-2 years), and sex. We used conditional logistic regression models to calculate odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs) adjusted for potential confounders. Compared with those who used neither tobacco nor opium, risk of ESCC was increased in those who used tobacco only (OR, 95% CI: 1.70, 1.05-2.73), in those who used opium only (2.12, 1.21-3.74), and in those who used both tobacco and opium (2.35, 1.50-3.67). All forms of tobacco use (cigarettes, hookah, and nass) were associated with higher ESCC risk. Similarly, use of both crude opium and other forms of opium were associated with higher risk. Alcohol consumption was seen in only 2% of the cases and 2% of the controls, and was not associated with ESCC risk. Descriptors Alcohol Drinking/adverse effects, Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/etiology, Esophageal Neoplasms/etiology, Opium/adverse effects, Smoking/adverse effects, Adult, Aged, Female, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Mutagens/toxicity, Risk Factors Links http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2410115/?tool=pubmed; http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/sj.bjc.6604369 Book Title Database MEDLINE; http://www.globalhealthlibrary.net/ Publisher Data Source Authors Nasrollahzadeh,D., Kamangar,F., Aghcheli,K., Sotoudeh,M., Islami,F., Abnet,C. C., Shakeri,R., Pourshams,A., Marjani,H. A., Nouraie,M., Khatibian,M., Semnani,S., Ye,W., Boffetta,P., Dawsey,S. M., Malekzadeh,R. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic PMCID Editors
Using the internet to assist smoking prevention and cessation in schools: a randomized, controlled trial	2008	Department of Public Health Sciences, Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada M5T 3M7. cameron.norman@utoronto.ca	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Health psychology : official journal of the Division of Health Psychology, American Psychological Association Periodical, Abbrev. Health Psychol. Pub Date Free Form Nov Volume 27 Issue 6 Start Page 799 Other Pages 810 Notes JID: 8211523; ppublish Place of Publication United States ISSN/ISBN 0278-6133; 0278-6133 Accession Number PMID: 19025276 Language eng SubFile Journal Article; Randomized Controlled Trial; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; IM DOI 10.1037/a0013105 [doi] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 19025276 Abstract OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the impact of a classroom-based, Web-assisted tobacco intervention addressing smoking prevention and cessation with adolescents. DESIGN: A two-group randomized control trial with 1,402 male and female students in grades 9 through 11 from 14 secondary schools in Toronto, Canada. Participants were randomly assigned to a tailored Web-assisted tobacco intervention or an interactive control condition task conducted during a single classroom session with e-mail follow-up. The cornerstone of the intervention was a five-stage interactive Web site called the Smoking Zine (http://www.smokingzine.org) integrated into a program that included a paper-based journal, a small group form of motivational interviewing, and tailored e-mails. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE: Resistance to smoking, behavioral intentions to smoke, and cigarette use were assessed at baseline, postintervention, and three- and six-month follow-up. Multilevel logistic growth modeling was used to assess the effect of the intervention on change over time. RESULTS: The integrated Smoking Zine program helped smokers significantly reduce the likelihood of having high intentions to smoke and increased their likelihood of high resistance to continued cigarette use at 6 months. The intervention also significantly reduced the likelihood of heavy cigarette use adoption by nonsmokers during the study period. CONCLUSION: The Smoking Zine intervention provided cessation motivation for smokers most resistant to quitting at baseline and prevented nonsmoking adolescents from becoming heavy smokers at 6 months. By providing an accessible and attractive method of engaging young people in smoking prevention and cessation, this interactive and integrated program provides a novel vehicle for school- and population-level health promotion. Descriptors Adolescent, Female, Humans, Internet/statistics & numerical data, Male, Prevalence, Program Development, School Health Services/statistics & numerical data, Schools, Smoking/epidemiology/prevention & control, Smoking Cessation/methods/statistics & numerical data Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Norman,C. D., Maley,O., Li,X., Skinner,H. A. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic PMCID Editors
Tetra-ethyl-ammonium l-malate 1.36-hydrate	2008		Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Acta crystallographica.Section E, Structure reports online Periodical, Abbrev. Acta Crystallogr.Sect.E.Struct.Rep.Online Pub Date Free Form 10-Dec Volume 65 Issue Pt 1 Start Page o49 Other Pages 50 Notes LR: 20130329; JID: 101089178; OID: NLM: PMC2967964; 2008/11/12 [received]; 2008/12/01 [accepted]; 2008/12/10 [epublish]; epublish Place of Publication England ISSN/ISBN 1600-5368; 1600-5368 Accession Number PMID: 21581690 Language eng SubFile Journal Article DOI 10.1107/S1600536808040348 [doi] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 21581690 Abstract The asymmetric unit of the title compound, C(8)H(20)N(+).C(4)H(5)O(5) (-).1.36H(2)O, contains two independent ion pairs, with similar conformations, and three water mol-ecules of crystallization, one water mol-ecule haing a site-occupancy factor of 0.721 (5). Intra-molecular O-Hcdots, three dots, centeredO hydrogen bonds, involving the hydr-oxy groups and an O atom of each carboxyl-ate anion, generate five-membered rings involving S(5) ring motifs. In the crystal structure, mol-ecules are linked together by water mol-ecules through four-membered O-Hcdots, three dots, centeredO-Hcdots, three dots, centeredO-H inter-actions to form one-dimensional infinite chains along the a axis. Since the mol-ecules are also linked into one-dimensional infinite chains along the b axis, mol-ecular sheets parallel to the (001) plane are created. Overall, the crystal structure is stabilized by two intra-molecular O-Hcdots, three dots, centeredO hydrogen bonds, nine inter-molecular O-Hcdots, three dots, centeredO and ten C-Hcdots, three dots, centeredO hydrogen bonds. Descriptors Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Abdul Rahman,M. B., Jumbri,K., Sirat,K., Kia,R., Fun,H. K. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic 20081210 PMCID PMC2967964 Editors
Linking Global Youth Tobacco Survey (GYTS) data to the WHO Framework Convention on Tobacco Control: the case for Indonesia	2008	Department of Pulmonology and Respiratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Indonesia. doctjand@indosat.net.id	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Preventive medicine Periodical, Abbrev. Prev.Med. Pub Date Free Form Sep Volume 47 Suppl 1 Issue Start Page S11 Other Pages 4 Notes JID: 0322116; 0 (Tobacco Smoke Pollution); 2007/08/02 [received]; 2008/04/19 [revised]; 2008/05/05 [accepted]; 2008/05/10 [aheadofprint]; ppublish Place of Publication United States ISSN/ISBN 1096-0260; 0091-7435 Accession Number PMID: 18585772 Language eng SubFile Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.; IM DOI 10.1016/j.ypmed.2008.05.003 [doi] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 18585772 Abstract OBJECTIVES: Indonesia has the fifth highest rate of annual cigarette consumption per person of all countries worldwide. The Global Youth Tobacco Survey (GYTS) was developed to provide data on youth tobacco use to countries for their development of youth-based tobacco control programs. Data in this report can be used as baseline measures for future evaluation of the tobacco control program implemented by Indonesia's Ministry of Health. METHODS: The 2006 Indonesia GYTS is a school-based survey that included separate samples for Java and Sumatera, representing more than 84% of the population of Indonesia. Each sample used a two-stage cluster sample design that produced representative samples of students in secondary grades 1-3, which are associated with ages 13-15 years. RESULTS: This report shows that more than 1 in 10 students (12.6%) currently smoked cigarettes, with the prevalence among boys (24.5%) significantly higher than among girls (2.3%). Of the students who currently smoked, more than 7 in 10 (75.9%) reported that they desired to stop smoking now. Regarding secondhand smoke exposure, more than 6 in 10 students (64.2%) reported that they were exposed to smoke from other people in their home during the week before the survey. More than 9 in 10 students (92.9%) had seen a lot of advertisements for cigarettes on billboards during the past month and more than 8 in 10 (82.8%) had seen a lot of advertisements for cigarettes in newspapers or in magazines. CONCLUSIONS: Tobacco control in Indonesia will likely not move forward until the government evaluates and strengthens existing laws, considers passing new strong laws, and develops protocols for enforcing all laws. The Indonesian government also should strongly consider accession to the World Health Organization Framework Convention on Tobacco Control. Descriptors Adolescent, Adolescent Behavior/psychology, Environmental Exposure, Female, Humans, Indonesia/epidemiology, Male, Population Surveillance/methods, Prevalence, Sex Factors, Smoking/epidemiology/prevention & control/psychology, Smoking Cessation/psychology/statistics & numerical data, Tobacco Smoke Pollution/prevention & control/statistics & numerical data, World Health Organization Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Aditama,T. Y., Pradono,J., Rahman,K., Warren,C. W., Jones,N. R., Asma,S., Lee,J. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic 20080510 PMCID Editors
Effect of smoking habit on circulating adipokines in diabetic and non-diabetic subjects	2008		Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Ann Nutr Metab Periodical, Abbrev. Ann.Nutr.Metab. Pub Date Free Form Volume 52 Issue 4 Start Page 329 Other Pages 34 Notes ID: 18714151 Place of Publication ISSN/ISBN Accession Number Language en SubFile DOI Output Language Unknown(0) PMID Abstract BACKGROUND: Despite the well-known inverse association between smoking and body weight, there have been conflicting reports on the association between smoking and adipokines such as leptin and adiponectin. AIM: To determine and compare whether tobacco smoking (cigarettes or sheesha) affects circulating levels of adiponectin and/or influences leptin and leptin receptor (sOb-R) concentrations and free leptin in diabetic and non-diabetic subjects. METHODS AND SUBJECTS: Fasting plasma adiponectin, leptin, sOb-R, glucose, insulin, and lipid profile were determined in 236 subjects grouped as control subjects (n = 53); non-diabetic cigarette smokers (n = 34), non-diabetic sheesha smokers (n = 38), diabetic nonsmokers (n = 75) and diabetic smokers (n = 36). Uni- and multivariate regression analyses were used to determine the associations of these variables with body mass index (BMI) and smoking. RESULTS: When compared to control subjects, smoking cigarettes or sheesha was associated with significantly higher glucose, insulin resistance, total cholesterol, triglycerides, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) and lower serum leptin, sOb-R and free leptin. The effects of smoking on BMI, leptin and sOb-R were dose-dependent. Binary logistic regression analysis showed that smoking is a significant determinant of BMI; leptin, sOb-R, free leptin index, adiponectin and LDL-C. CONCLUSIONS: We conclude that smoking sheesha does not reduce the metabolic effects of smoking. Smoking may modify leptin receptors and modulate leptin synthesis but the weight-lowering effect may not be related to leptin-induced anorectic signals. Descriptors Adipokines/blood, Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/blood, Smoking/adverse effects, Smoking/blood, Adiponectin/blood, Adult, Blood Glucose/metabolism, Body Mass Index, Case-Control Studies, Cholesterol/blood, Dose-Response Relationship, Drug, Humans, Insulin Resistance, Leptin/blood, Lipids/blood, Male, Middle Aged, Receptors, Leptin/blood, Receptors, Leptin/metabolism Links http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000151487 Book Title Database MEDLINE; http://www.globalhealthlibrary.net/ Publisher Data Source Authors Al Mutairi,Sana,S., Mojiminiyi,Olusegun A., Shihab-Eldeen,Aida, Al Sharafi,Ahmad, Abdella,Nabila Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic PMCID Editors

E-mail