Image
WTS Database
The subject of interest is:
waterpipe, water-pipe, nargile, narghile, arguileh, arguile, shisha, sheesha, chichi, hubble bubble, hubbly bubbly, goza, hookah, bong
| Title | Pub Year Sort descending | Author | SearchLink |
|---|---|---|---|
| Bonding of resin composite to tooth structure of uremic patients receiving hemodialysis: shear bond strength and acid-etch patterns | 2008 | Conservative Dentistry Department, Faculty of Dentistry, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt. dr_salahhasab@yahoo.com | Read more... |
|
Source Type
Print(0)
Ref Type
Journal Article
Periodical, Full
The journal of adhesive dentistry
Periodical, Abbrev.
J.Adhes.Dent.
Pub Date Free Form
Oct
Volume
10
Issue
5
Start Page
335
Other Pages
338
Notes
LR: 20121115; JID: 100888552; 0 (Carbon Compounds, Inorganic); 0 (Composite Resins); 0 (Dental Materials); 0 (Dentin-Bonding Agents); 0 (Resin Cements); 0 (Silicon Compounds); 0 (Syntac dentine adhesive); 0 (Tetric ceram); WXQ6E537EW (silicon carbide); pp
Place of Publication
England
ISSN/ISBN
1461-5185; 1461-5185
Accession Number
PMID: 19058677
Language
eng
SubFile
Comparative Study; Journal Article; D
DOI
Output Language
Unknown(0)
PMID
19058677
Abstract
PURPOSE: To investigate the influence of uremia on the shear bond strength (SBS) of composite resin to enamel and dentin substrates with assessment of the micromorphological pattern of etched enamel and dentin surfaces using atomic force microscopy (AFM). MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 44 natural molars was collected from healthy individuals (n=22 molars) and uremic patients (n=22 molars). Each set of teeth was then divided into 2 equal subsets (n=11 molars) relative to the bonding substrate to be tested. In each subset, the surfaces of 7 molars were flattened and polished up to 2000-grit roughness using wet silicon carbide (SIC) abrasive papers. A three-step adhesive was used to bond Tetric Ceram composite buildups to the prepared tooth surfaces. All specimens were thermocycled before they were stressed in shear using a universal testing machine. Fractured specimens were stereomicroscopically examined to detect the mode of bond failure. In the remaining 4 molars, enamel and dentin specimens were prepared for AFM examination to assess the micromorphological patterns of acid-etched surfaces. RESULTS: The mean bond strength values in MPa to enamel (22.40 +/- 4.30) and dentin (17.97 +/- 4.65) of teeth of healthy individuals were significantly different (p < 0.001) from those to enamel (12.40 +/- 2.81) and dentin (7.83 +/- 2.05) of teeth of uremic patients. Most of the tested enamel specimens showed a mixed type of bond failure, but the adhesive type was predominant with dentin specimens. AFM examinations revealed a shallow etching pattern for uremic enamel and dentin specimens compared to those of healthy individuals. The mean roughness average (Ra) values after etching of healthy enamel (238.0 +/- 4.65) and dentin (267.0 +/- 4.79) were significantly different (p < 0.001) from those to etched uremic enamel (111.0 +/- 5.24) and dentin (143.0 +/- 2.16). CONCLUSION: Uremia adversely affects bonding of composite resin to enamel and dentin and confers an altered micromorphological etching pattern.
Descriptors
Acid Etching, Dental, Carbon Compounds, Inorganic/chemistry, Composite Resins/chemistry, Dental Bonding, Dental Enamel/ultrastructure, Dental Materials/chemistry, Dentin/ultrastructure, Dentin-Bonding Agents/chemistry, Humans, Materials Testing, Microscopy, Atomic Force, Molar/ultrastructure, Renal Dialysis, Resin Cements/chemistry, Shear Strength, Silicon Compounds/chemistry, Stress, Mechanical, Surface Properties, Tooth Preparation/methods, Uremia/pathology/therapy
Links
Book Title
Database
Publisher
Data Source
Authors
Mahmoud,S. H., Abdel kader Sobh,M., Zaher,A. R., Ghazy,M. H., Abdelaziz,K. M.
Original/Translated Title
URL
Date of Electronic
PMCID
Editors
|
|||
| Polyphasic approach to bacterial dynamics during the ripening of Spanish farmhouse cheese, using culture-dependent and -independent methods | 2008 | Departamento de Microbiologia, Facultad de Ciencias, Fuentenueva s/n, 18071 Granada, Spain. mmartine@ugr.es | Read more... |
|
Source Type
Print(0)
Ref Type
Journal Article
Periodical, Full
Applied and Environmental Microbiology
Periodical, Abbrev.
Appl.Environ.Microbiol.
Pub Date Free Form
Sep
Volume
74
Issue
18
Start Page
5662
Other Pages
5673
Notes
LR: 20140903; JID: 7605801; 0 (DNA, Bacterial); 0 (RNA, Ribosomal, 16S); OID: NLM: PMC2547036; 2008/07/25 [aheadofprint]; ppublish
Place of Publication
United States
ISSN/ISBN
1098-5336; 0099-2240
Accession Number
PMID: 18658288
Language
eng
SubFile
Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; IM
DOI
10.1128/AEM.00418-08 [doi]
Output Language
Unknown(0)
PMID
18658288
Abstract
We studied the dynamics of the microbial population during ripening of Cueva de la Magaha cheese using a combination of classical and molecular techniques. Samples taken during ripening of this Spanish goat's milk cheese in which Lactococcus lactis and Streptococcus thermophilus were used as starter cultures were analyzed. All bacterial isolates were clustered by using randomly amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) and identified by 16S rRNA gene sequencing, species-specific PCR, and multiplex PCR. Our results indicate that the majority of the 225 strains isolated and enumerated on solid media during the ripening period were nonstarter lactic acid bacteria, and Lactobacillus paracasei was the most abundant species. Other Lactobacillus species, such as Lactobacillus plantarum and Lactobacillus parabuchneri, were also detected at the beginning and end of ripening, respectively. Non-lactic-acid bacteria, mainly Kocuria and Staphylococcus strains, were also detected at the end of the ripening period. Microbial community dynamics determined by temporal temperature gradient gel electrophoresis provided a more precise estimate of the distribution of bacteria and enabled us to detect Lactobacillus curvatus and the starter bacteria S. thermophilus and L. lactis, which were not isolated. Surprisingly, the bacterium most frequently found using culture-dependent analysis, L. paracasei, was scarcely detected by this molecular approach. Finally, we studied the composition of the lactobacilli and their evolution by using length heterogeneity PCR.
Descriptors
Animals, Biodiversity, Cheese/microbiology, Colony Count, Microbial, DNA Fingerprinting, DNA, Bacterial/genetics, Ecosystem, Electrophoresis, Gel, Pulsed-Field, Food Microbiology, Genotype, Goats, Lactococcus/classification/genetics/growth & development, Milk/microbiology, Polymerase Chain Reaction, RNA, Ribosomal, 16S/genetics, Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA Technique, Species Specificity, Streptococcus thermophilus/growth & development, Time Factors
Links
Book Title
Database
Publisher
Data Source
Authors
Martin-Platero,A. M., Valdivia,E., Maqueda,M., Martin-Sanchez,I., Martinez-Bueno,M.
Original/Translated Title
URL
Date of Electronic
20080725
PMCID
PMC2547036
Editors
|
|||
| Differences in prevalence of tobacco use among Indian urban youth: the role of socioeconomic status | 2008 | Division of Epidemiology and Community Health, School of Public Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA. math0304@umn.edu | Read more... |
|
Source Type
Print(0)
Ref Type
Journal Article
Periodical, Full
Nicotine & tobacco research : official journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco
Periodical, Abbrev.
Nicotine Tob.Res.
Pub Date Free Form
Jan
Volume
10
Issue
1
Start Page
109
Other Pages
116
Notes
LR: 20151119; GR: R01 TW005952/TW/FIC NIH HHS/United States; GR: R01TW05952-01/TW/FIC NIH HHS/United States; JID: 9815751; ppublish
Place of Publication
England
ISSN/ISBN
1462-2203; 1462-2203
Accession Number
PMID: 18188751
Language
eng
SubFile
Journal Article; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural; IM
DOI
10.1080/14622200701767779 [doi]
Output Language
Unknown(0)
PMID
18188751
Abstract
This study examined whether the distribution of tobacco use and related psychosocial risk factors among youth in urban India vary by socioeconomic status (SES). Data were derived from a cross-sectional survey of students enrolled in the 6th and 8th grades in 32 schools in Delhi and Chennai (N = 11,642). The survey was conducted in 2004, before the implementation of a program designed to prevent and reduce tobacco use (MYTRI). Mixed-effect regression models were used (a) to determine the prevalence of tobacco use among private (higher SES) and government (lower SES) school students, (b) to investigate whether certain psychosocial factors were associated with increased tobacco use, and (c) to determine how these factors varied by school type. Ever-use of multiple forms of tobacco (e.g., gutkha, bidis, and cigarettes) was more prevalent among government school students than private school students. After adjusting for city, gender, grade, and age, we found the prevalence rate for ever-use of any tobacco product to be 18.9% for government school students, compared with 12.2% for private school students (p<.01). Students in government schools scored lower than private school students on most psychosocial risk factors for tobacco use studied here, indicating higher risk. Government school students scored the lowest for refusal skills, self-efficacy, and reasons not to use tobacco. Social susceptibility to chewing tobacco and social susceptibility to smoking were strong correlates of current tobacco use among government school students. Exposure to tobacco advertising was also a strong correlate of current tobacco use for government school students but not private school students. In two large cities of India, students attending government schools are using many forms of tobacco at higher rates than private school students. The psychosocial risk profile of government school students suggests they are more vulnerable to initiation and use and to outside influences that encourage use.
Descriptors
Adolescent, Adolescent Behavior/ethnology/psychology, Cross-Sectional Studies, Female, Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice, Humans, India/epidemiology, Male, Peer Group, Poverty, Prevalence, Self Efficacy, Smoking/epidemiology, Social Class, Social Environment, Students/statistics & numerical data, Surveys and Questionnaires, Tobacco Use Disorder/epidemiology, Urban Population/statistics & numerical data
Links
Book Title
Database
Publisher
Data Source
Authors
Mathur,C., Stigler,M. H., Perry,C. L., Arora,M., Reddy,K. S.
Original/Translated Title
URL
Date of Electronic
PMCID
Editors
|
|||
| Residual tobacco smoke pollution in used cars for sale: air, dust, and surfaces | 2008 | Department of Psychology, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA 92182-4611, USA. gmatt@sciences.sdsu.edu | Read more... |
|
Source Type
Print(0)
Ref Type
Journal Article
Periodical, Full
Nicotine & tobacco research : official journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco
Periodical, Abbrev.
Nicotine Tob.Res.
Pub Date Free Form
Sep
Volume
10
Issue
9
Start Page
1467
Other Pages
1475
Notes
JID: 9815751; 0 (Air Pollutants); 0 (Dust); 0 (Tobacco Smoke Pollution); ppublish
Place of Publication
England
ISSN/ISBN
1462-2203; 1462-2203
Accession Number
PMID: 19023838
Language
eng
SubFile
Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; IM
DOI
10.1080/14622200802279898 [doi]
Output Language
Unknown(0)
PMID
19023838
Abstract
Regular tobacco use in the enclosed environment of a car raises concerns about longer-term contamination of a car's microenvironment with residual secondhand smoke pollutants. This study (a) developed and compared methods to measure residual contamination of cars with secondhand smoke, (b) examined whether cars of smokers and nonsmokers were contaminated by secondhand smoke, and (c) how smoking behavior and restrictions affected contamination levels. Surface wipe, dust, and air samples were collected in used cars sold by nonsmokers (n = 20) and smokers (n = 87) and analyzed for nicotine. Sellers were interviewed about smoking behavior and restrictions, and car interiors were inspected for signs of tobacco use. Cars of smokers who smoked in their vehicles showed significantly elevated levels of nicotine (p < .001) in dust, on surfaces, and in the air compared with nonsmoker cars with smoking ban. When smokers imposed car smoking bans, air nicotine levels were significantly lower (p < .01), but dust and surface contamination levels remained at similar levels. Smoking more cigarettes in the car and overall higher smoking rate of the seller were significantly associated with higher secondhand smoke contamination of the car (p < .001). Use of a cutpoint for nicotine levels from surface wipe samples correctly identified 82% of smoker cars without smoking bans, 75% of smoker cars with bans, and 100% of nonsmoker cars. Surface nicotine levels provide a relatively inexpensive and accurate method to identify cars and other indoor environments contaminated with residual secondhand smoke. Disclosure requirements and smoke-free certifications could help protect nonsmoking buyers of used cars.
Descriptors
Air Pollutants/analysis, Air Pollution, Indoor/analysis, Automobiles, California, Dust/analysis, Environmental Monitoring/methods, Humans, Inhalation Exposure/analysis, Tobacco Smoke Pollution/analysis
Links
Book Title
Database
Publisher
Data Source
Authors
Matt,G. E., Quintana,P. J., Hovell,M. F., Chatfield,D., Ma,D. S., Romero,R., Uribe,A.
Original/Translated Title
URL
Date of Electronic
PMCID
Editors
|
|||
| The waterpipe: time for action | 2008 | University of Memphis, Syrian Center for Tobacco Studies, Memphis, TN 38152, USA. wmaziak@memphis.edu | Read more... |
|
Source Type
Print(0)
Ref Type
Journal Article
Periodical, Full
Addiction (Abingdon, England)
Periodical, Abbrev.
Addiction
Pub Date Free Form
Nov
Volume
103
Issue
11
Start Page
1763
Other Pages
1767
Notes
LR: 20140913; GR: R01 DA024876/DA/NIDA NIH HHS/United States; GR: R01 DA024876-01/DA/NIDA NIH HHS/United States; GR: R01 DA024876-01/DA/NIDA NIH HHS/United States; JID: 9304118; 059QF0KO0R (Water); 7U1EE4V452 (Carbon Monoxide); NIHMS68007; OID: NLM: NIHMS
Place of Publication
England
ISSN/ISBN
1360-0443; 0965-2140
Accession Number
PMID: 18778388
Language
eng
SubFile
Journal Article; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural; IM
DOI
10.1111/j.1360-0443.2008.02327.x [doi]
Output Language
Unknown(0)
PMID
18778388
Abstract
The waterpipe, known in many cultures under different shapes and names (e.g. hookah, shisha, narghile), is a centuries-old tobacco use method that is witnessing a world-wide surge in popularity. This popularity is most noticeable among youths, and is surpassing cigarette smoking among this group in some societies. Many factors may have contributed to the recent waterpipe spread, including the introduction of sweetened/flavored waterpipe tobacco (known as Maassel), its reduced-harm perception, the thriving cafe culture, mass media and the internet. The passage of smoke through water on its way to the smoker underlies much of the common misperception that waterpipe use is less harmful than cigarettes. The health/addictive profile of waterpipe compared to cigarettes is largely unresearched and is likely to be influenced by the properties of smoke, duration and frequency of use, type of tobacco used, volume of smoke inhaled and the contribution of charcoal. However, the accumulation of evidence about the harmful and addictive potential of waterpipe use is outpacing the public health response to this health risk. A timely public health and policy action is needed in order to curb the emerging waterpipe smoking epidemic.
Descriptors
Adolescent, Attitude to Health, Carbon Monoxide, Health Behavior, Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice, Humans, Middle East/epidemiology/ethnology, Public Health, Risk-Taking, Smoking/prevention & control/psychology/trends, Tobacco Use Disorder/epidemiology/prevention & control/psychology, Water
Links
Book Title
Database
Publisher
Data Source
Authors
Maziak,W.
Original/Translated Title
URL
Date of Electronic
20080904
PMCID
PMC2588474
Editors
|
|||
| Exposure to secondhand smoke at home and in public places in Syria: a developing country's perspective | 2008 | Department of Health and Sport Sciences and Center for Community Health, University of Memphis, Memphis, Tennessee 38152, USA. wmaziak@memphis.edu | Read more... |
|
Source Type
Print(0)
Ref Type
Journal Article
Periodical, Full
Inhalation toxicology
Periodical, Abbrev.
Inhal.Toxicol.
Pub Date Free Form
Jan
Volume
20
Issue
1
Start Page
17
Other Pages
24
Notes
LR: 20151119; GR: CA103827/CA/NCI NIH HHS/United States; GR: R01 TW05962/TW/FIC NIH HHS/United States; GR: R01DA024876-01/DA/NIDA NIH HHS/United States; GR: R21TW006545/TW/FIC NIH HHS/United States; JID: 8910739; 0 (Tobacco Smoke Pollution); 6M3C89ZY6R (N
Place of Publication
United States
ISSN/ISBN
1091-7691; 0895-8378
Accession Number
PMID: 18236217
Language
eng
SubFile
Comparative Study; Journal Article; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural; IM
DOI
10.1080/08958370701758783 [doi]
Output Language
Unknown(0)
PMID
18236217
Abstract
This study employs sensitive methods to address the issue of exposure to secondhand smoke among children and women in an understudied developing country setting (Syria). The study combines data collected by the Syrian Center for Tobacco Studies as part of two international studies conducted in 2006: the Secondhand Smoke Exposure among Women and Children study (Johns Hopkins) and the Global Air Monitoring Study (Roswell Park Cancer Institute). We employed objective measures (hair nicotine, and ambient household nicotine assessed by passive monitors) to assess children's and mothers' exposure to secondhand smoke at home, and used the TSI SidePak personal aerosol monitor to sample respirable suspended particles less than 2.5 microm diameter (PM(2.5)) in the air in public places (40 restaurants/cafes in Aleppo). In homes, the mean ambient nicotine level (+/- standard deviation, SD) was 2.24 +/- 2.77 microg/m(3). Mean level of hair nicotine was 11.8 ng/mg among children (n = 54), and was higher if the mother was a smoker (19.4 +/- 23.6 ng/mg) than nonsmoker (5.2 +/- 6.9 ng/mg) (p < .05). Mean hair nicotine among nonsmoking mothers (n = 23) was 1.17 +/- 1.56 ng/mg. Children's hair nicotine level was strongly correlated with ambient household nicotine and number of cigarettes smoked daily in the house (r = .54 and r = .50, respectively, p < .001), and also was related to having a father who smoked in the children's presence. In public places, average PM(2.5) in the monitored 40 hospitality venues was 464 microg/m(3) and correlated with smoker density measured as cigarettes-waterpipes/100 m(3) (r = .31, p = 0.049). Thus, children in Syria are exposed to high levels of secondhand smoke at home, in which mothers' smoking plays a major role. Also, levels of respirable hazardous particles are high in public hospitality venues, putting customers and workers at serious health risks. Efforts to limit exposure of children and women at home and to adopt clean air policies should become a public health priority in Syria and the Arab region.
Descriptors
Air Pollution, Indoor/adverse effects/prevention & control, Child, Cross-Sectional Studies, Developing Countries, Environmental Exposure/adverse effects, Female, Hair/chemistry, Health Surveys, Housing/trends, Humans, Male, Nicotine/analysis, Public Facilities, Smoking/adverse effects, Syria/epidemiology, Tobacco Smoke Pollution/adverse effects/prevention & control
Links
Book Title
Database
Publisher
Data Source
Authors
Maziak,W., Ali,R. A., Fouad,M. F., Rastam,S., Wipfli,H., Travers,M. J., Ward,K. D., Eissenberg,T.
Original/Translated Title
URL
Date of Electronic
PMCID
Editors
|
|||
| Waterpipe-associated particulate matter emissions | 2008 | Department of Health & Sport Sciences, University of Memphis, Memphis, TN 38152, USA. wmaziak@memphis.edu | Read more... |
|
Source Type
Print(0)
Ref Type
Journal Article
Periodical, Full
Nicotine & tobacco research : official journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco
Periodical, Abbrev.
Nicotine Tob.Res.
Pub Date Free Form
Mar
Volume
10
Issue
3
Start Page
519
Other Pages
523
Notes
GR: R01 TW05962/TW/FIC NIH HHS/United States; GR: R01DA024876-01/DA/NIDA NIH HHS/United States; JID: 9815751; 0 (Air Pollutants); 0 (Smoke); ppublish
Place of Publication
England
ISSN/ISBN
1462-2203; 1462-2203
Accession Number
PMID: 18324571
Language
eng
SubFile
Comparative Study; Journal Article; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; IM
DOI
10.1080/14622200801901989 [doi]
Output Language
Unknown(0)
PMID
18324571
Abstract
Waterpipe tobacco smoking is increasingly common worldwide, and evidence about its harmful effects to smokers is emerging. However, no studies have investigated the potential exposure of nonsmokers to waterpipe smoke. We measured particulate matter (PM) emissions (PM2.5, PM10) before and during laboratory sessions in which 20 individuals used a waterpipe to smoke tobacco and 20 individuals smoked a cigarette (10 for each particle-size/smoking-method), as well as 10 waterpipe and 10 cigarette smoldering sessions (i.e., without a smoker). A TSI-SidePak aerosol monitor obtained PM2.5, PM10 background, smoking, and maximum levels. Mean PM2.5 rose 447% for waterpipe (from 48 microg/m3 background to 264 microg/m3 smoking), and by 501% for cigarettes (from 44 microg/m3 to 267 microg/m3), whereas mean PM10 rose by 563% for waterpipe (from 55 microg/m3 to 365 microg/m3), and by 447% for cigarettes (from 52 microg/m3 to 287 microg/m3) (p<.05 for all). The increase in PM during cigarette smoking was due primarily to PM2.5, given that the proportion of PM2.5 from total PM10 increase was 95% compared with 70% for waterpipe (p<.05). Maximum PM2.5 was 908 microg/m3 for waterpipe and 575 microg/m3 for cigarettes, whereas maximum PM10 was 1052 microg/m3 for waterpipe and 653 microg/m3 for cigarettes. Mean PM2.5 and PM10 smoldering levels did not differ from background for waterpipe but were significantly higher for cigarettes (PM2.5: 33-190 microg/m3; PM10: 42-220 microg/m3). Policymakers considering clean air regulations should include waterpipe tobacco smoking, and the public should be warned about this source of smoke exposure.
Descriptors
Adult, Air Pollutants/analysis, Environmental Monitoring/methods, Female, Humans, Inhalation Exposure/analysis, Male, Middle Aged, Particle Size, Smoke/analysis, Smoking, Spectrophotometry, Atomic/methods
Links
Book Title
Database
Publisher
Data Source
Authors
Maziak,W., Rastam,S., Ibrahim,I., Ward,K. D., Eissenberg,T.
Original/Translated Title
URL
Date of Electronic
PMCID
Editors
|
|||
| Carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) levels in hookah smokers, cigarette smokers and non-smokers--a comment | 2008 | Read more... | |
|
Source Type
Print(0)
Ref Type
Journal Article
Periodical, Full
J Pak Med Assoc
Periodical, Abbrev.
J.Pak.Med.Assoc.
Pub Date Free Form
Volume
58
Issue
3
Start Page
155
Other Pages
155
Notes
ID: 18517128
Place of Publication
ISSN/ISBN
Accession Number
Language
en
SubFile
DOI
Output Language
Unknown(0)
PMID
Abstract
Descriptors
Carcinoembryonic Antigen/analysis, Smoking/adverse effects, Tobacco Smoke Pollution/adverse effects, Tobacco/adverse effects, Humans, Pakistan
Links
http://pesquisa.bvsalud.org/ghl/resource/en/mdl-18517128
Book Title
Database
MEDLINE; http://www.globalhealthlibrary.net/
Publisher
Data Source
Authors
Maziak,Wasim
Original/Translated Title
URL
Date of Electronic
PMCID
Editors
|
|||
| Common household activities are associated with elevated particulate matter concentrations in bedrooms of inner-city Baltimore pre-school children | 2008 | Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, 1830 East Monument Street, 5th Floor, Baltimore, MD 21231, USA. | Read more... |
|
Source Type
Print(0)
Ref Type
Journal Article
Periodical, Full
Environmental research
Periodical, Abbrev.
Environ.Res.
Pub Date Free Form
Feb
Volume
106
Issue
2
Start Page
148
Other Pages
155
Notes
LR: 20140908; GR: P01 ES 09606/ES/NIEHS NIH HHS/United States; GR: P01 ES009606/ES/NIEHS NIH HHS/United States; GR: P01 ES009606-019002/ES/NIEHS NIH HHS/United States; GR: P01 ES009606-029002/ES/NIEHS NIH HHS/United States; GR: P01 ES009606-039002/ES/NIEH
Place of Publication
United States
ISSN/ISBN
0013-9351; 0013-9351
Accession Number
PMID: 17927974
Language
eng
SubFile
Journal Article; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural; IM
DOI
S0013-9351(07)00185-5 [pii]
Output Language
Unknown(0)
PMID
17927974
Abstract
Asthma disproportionately affects inner-city, minority children in the U.S. Outdoor pollutant concentrations, including particulate matter (PM), are higher in inner-cities and contribute to childhood asthma morbidity. Although children spend the majority of time indoors, indoor PM exposures have been less extensively characterized. There is a public health imperative to characterize indoor sources of PM within this vulnerable population to enable effective intervention strategies. In the present study, we sought to identify determinants of indoor PM in homes of Baltimore inner-city pre-school children. Children ages 2-6 (n=300) who were predominantly African-American (90%) and from lower socioeconomic backgrounds were enrolled. Integrated PM(2.5) and PM(10) air sampling was conducted over a 3-day period in the children's bedrooms and at a central monitoring site while caregivers completed daily activity diaries. Homes of pre-school children in inner-city Baltimore had indoor PM concentrations that were twice as high as simultaneous outdoor concentrations. The mean indoor PM(2.5) and PM(10) concentrations were 39.5+/-34.5 and 56.2+/-44.8 microg/m(3), compared to the simultaneously measured ambient PM(2.5) and PM(10) (15.6+/-6.9 and 21.8+/-9.53 microg/m(3), respectively). Common modifiable household activities, especially smoking and sweeping, contributed significantly to higher indoor PM, as did ambient PM concentrations. Open windows were associated with significantly lower indoor PM. Further investigation of the health effects of indoor PM exposure is warranted, as are studies to evaluate the efficacy of PM reduction strategies on asthma health of inner-city children.
Descriptors
Air Pollutants/adverse effects/analysis, Air Pollution, Indoor/adverse effects/analysis, Asthma/epidemiology/etiology/prevention & control, Baltimore/epidemiology, Child, Child Welfare, Child, Preschool, Environmental Monitoring, Epidemiological Monitoring, Female, Housing, Humans, Male, Particulate Matter/adverse effects/analysis, Poverty, Tobacco Smoke Pollution/adverse effects/analysis, Urban Population
Links
Book Title
Database
Publisher
Data Source
Authors
McCormack,M. C., Breysse,P. N., Hansel,N. N., Matsui,E. C., Tonorezos,E. S., Curtin-Brosnan,J., Williams,D. L., Buckley,T. J., Eggleston,P. A., Diette,G. B.
Original/Translated Title
URL
Date of Electronic
20071024
PMCID
PMC2291550
Editors
|
|||
| Comparing two web-based smoking cessation programs: randomized controlled trial | 2008 | Oregon Research Institute, 1715 Franklin Boulevard, Eugene, OR 97403, USA. | Read more... |
|
Source Type
Print(0)
Ref Type
Journal Article
Periodical, Full
Journal of medical Internet research
Periodical, Abbrev.
J.Med.Internet Res.
Pub Date Free Form
18-Nov
Volume
10
Issue
5
Start Page
e40
Other Pages
Notes
LR: 20140902; GR: R01-CA79946/CA/NCI NIH HHS/United States; JID: 100959882; 0 (Placebos); OID: NLM: PMC2630830; 2007/11/14 [received]; 2008/07/06 [accepted]; 2008/02/22 [revised]; epublish
Place of Publication
United States
ISSN/ISBN
1438-8871; 1438-8871
Accession Number
PMID: 19017582
Language
eng
SubFile
Journal Article; Randomized Controlled Trial; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural; IM
DOI
10.2196/jmir.993 [doi]
Output Language
Unknown(0)
PMID
19017582
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Smoking cessation remains a significant public health problem. Innovative interventions that use the Internet have begun to emerge that offer great promise in reaching large numbers of participants and encouraging widespread behavior change. To date, the relatively few controlled trials of Web-based smoking cessation programs have been limited by short follow-up intervals. OBJECTIVE: We describe the 6-month follow-up results of a randomized controlled trial in which participants recruited online were randomly assigned to either a Web-based smoking cessation program (Quit Smoking Network; QSN) or a Web-based exercise enhancement program (Active Lives) adapted somewhat to encourage smoking cessation. METHODS: The study was a two-arm randomized controlled trial that compared two Web-based smoking cessation programs: (1) the QSN intervention condition presented cognitive-behavioral strategies, and (2) the Active Lives control condition provided participants with guidance in developing a physical activity program to assist them with quitting. The QSN condition provided smoking cessation information and behavior change strategies while the Active Lives condition provided participants with physical activity recommendations and goal setting. The QSN condition was designed to be more engaging (eg, it included multimedia components) and to present much greater content than is typically found in smoking cessation programs. RESULTS: Contrary to our hypotheses, no between-condition differences in smoking abstinence were found at 3- and 6-month follow-up assessments. While participants in the QSN intervention condition spent more time than controls visiting the online program, the median number of 1.0 visit in each condition and the substantial attrition (60.8% at the 6-month follow-up) indicate that participants were not as engaged as we had expected. CONCLUSIONS: Contrary to our hypothesis, our test of two Web-based smoking cessation conditions, an intervention and an attention placebo control, failed to show differences at 3- and 6-month assessments. We explored possible reasons for this finding, including limited engagement of participants and simplifying program content and architecture. Future research needs to address methods to improve participant engagement in online smoking cessation programs. Possible approaches in this regard can include new informed consent procedures that better explain the roles and responsibilities of being a research participant, new program designs that add more vitality (changing content from visit to visit), and new types of reminders pushed out to participants to encourage return visits. Simplifying program content through a combination of enhanced tailoring and information architecture also merits further research attention.
Descriptors
Adult, Automation, Behavior Therapy, Cognitive Therapy, Female, Follow-Up Studies, Goals, Humans, Internet, Male, Middle Aged, Motivation, Patient Selection, Placebos, Self Concept, Smoking Cessation/methods/psychology, Social Support, Socioeconomic Factors, Software/standards, Therapy, Computer-Assisted/methods, Treatment Outcome
Links
Book Title
Database
Publisher
Data Source
Authors
McKay,H. G., Danaher,B. G., Seeley,J. R., Lichtenstein,E., Gau,J. M.
Original/Translated Title
URL
Date of Electronic
20081118
PMCID
PMC2630830
Editors
|
|||