WTS database

Title	Pub Year	Author Sort descending	SearchLink
Real-world effectiveness of e-cigarettes when used to aid smoking cessation: a cross-sectional population study	2014	Cancer Research UK Health Behaviour Research Centre, University College London, London, UK; Department of Clinical, Educational and Health Psychology, University College London, London, UK.	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Addiction (Abingdon, England) Periodical, Abbrev. Addiction Pub Date Free Form Sep Volume 109 Issue 9 Start Page 1531 Other Pages 1540 Notes LR: 20151215; CI: (c) 2014; GR: 14135/Cancer Research UK/United Kingdom; GR: MR/K023195/1/Medical Research Council/United Kingdom; JID: 9304118; OID: NLM: PMC4171752; OTO: NOTNLM; 2014/02/27 [received]; 2014/04/08 [revised]; 2014/05/12 [accepted]; ppublis Place of Publication England ISSN/ISBN 1360-0443; 0965-2140 Accession Number PMID: 24846453 Language eng SubFile Journal Article; IM DOI 10.1111/add.12623 [doi] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 24846453 Abstract BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Electronic cigarettes (e-cigarettes) are rapidly increasing in popularity. Two randomized controlled trials have suggested that e-cigarettes can aid smoking cessation, but there are many factors that could influence their real-world effectiveness. This study aimed to assess, using an established methodology, the effectiveness of e-cigarettes when used to aid smoking cessation compared with nicotine replacement therapy (NRT) bought over-the-counter and with unaided quitting in the general population. DESIGN AND SETTING: A large cross-sectional survey of a representative sample of the English population. PARTICIPANTS: The study included 5863 adults who had smoked within the previous 12 months and made at least one quit attempt during that period with either an e-cigarette only (n = 464), NRT bought over-the-counter only (n = 1922) or no aid in their most recent quit attempt (n = 3477). MEASUREMENTS: The primary outcome was self-reported abstinence up to the time of the survey, adjusted for key potential confounders including nicotine dependence. FINDINGS: E-cigarette users were more likely to report abstinence than either those who used NRT bought over-the-counter [odds ratio (OR) = 2.23, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.70-2.93, 20.0 versus 10.1%] or no aid (OR = 1.38, 95% CI = 1.08-1.76, 20.0 versus 15.4%). The adjusted odds of non-smoking in users of e-cigarettes were 1.63 (95% CI = 1.17-2.27) times higher compared with users of NRT bought over-the-counter and 1.61 (95% CI = 1.19-2.18) times higher compared with those using no aid. CONCLUSIONS: Among smokers who have attempted to stop without professional support, those who use e-cigarettes are more likely to report continued abstinence than those who used a licensed NRT product bought over-the-counter or no aid to cessation. This difference persists after adjusting for a range of smoker characteristics such as nicotine dependence. Descriptors Links Book Title Database Publisher The Authors. Addiction published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society for the Study of Addiction Data Source Authors Brown,J., Beard,E., Kotz,D., Michie,S., West,R. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic PMCID PMC4171752 Editors
Prevalence and characteristics of e-cigarette users in Great Britain: Findings from a general population survey of smokers	2014	Cancer Research UK Health Behaviour Research Centre, University College London, UK; UK Centre for Tobacco and Alcohol Studies. Electronic address: jamie.brown@ucl.ac.uk.; Cancer Research UK Health Behaviour Research Centre, University College London, UK;	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Addictive Behaviors Periodical, Abbrev. Addict.Behav. Pub Date Free Form Jun Volume 39 Issue 6 Start Page 1120 Other Pages 1125 Notes LR: 20150708; CI: Copyright (c) 2014; GR: 14135/Cancer Research UK/United Kingdom; GR: MR/K023195/1/Medical Research Council/United Kingdom; GR: British Heart Foundation/United Kingdom; GR: Cancer Research UK/United Kingdom; GR: Medical Research Council/U Place of Publication England ISSN/ISBN 1873-6327; 0306-4603 Accession Number PMID: 24679611 Language eng SubFile Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; IM DOI 10.1016/j.addbeh.2014.03.009 [doi] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 24679611 Abstract BACKGROUND: E-cigarettes may be effective smoking cessation aids and their use by smokers has been growing rapidly. It is important to observe and assess natural patterns in the use of e-cigarettes whilst experimental data accumulates. This paper reports the prevalence of e-cigarette awareness, beliefs and usage, including brand choice, and characterises the socio-demographic and smoking profile associated with current use, among the general population of smokers and recent ex-smokers. METHODS: Data were obtained from 3538 current and 579 recent ex-smokers in a cross-sectional online survey of a national sample of smokers in Great Britain in November and December 2012. Differences between current and recent ex-smokers in the prevalence of e-cigarette awareness, beliefs and usage were examined and the socio-demographic and smoking profile associated with current use of e-cigarettes was assessed in a series of simple and multiple logistic regressions. RESULTS: Ninety-three percent of current and recent ex-smokers (n=3841) were aware of e-cigarettes. Approximately a fifth (n=884) were currently using e-cigarettes, whilst just over a third (n=1507) had ever used them. Sixty-seven percent of the sample (n=2758) believed e-cigarettes to be less harmful than cigarettes; however, almost a quarter (n=994) remained unsure. Among both current and recent ex-smokers, the most popular reasons for using were health, cutting down and quitting (each >80%) and 38% used the brand 'E-lites'. Among current smokers who were aware of but had never used e-cigarettes, approximately half (n=1040) were interested in using them in the future. Among current smokers, their use was associated with higher socio-economic status (OR=1.48, 95%CI=1.25-1.75), smoking more cigarettes (OR=1.02, 95%CI=1.01-1.03) and having a past-year quit attempt (OR=2.82, 95%CI=2.38-3.34). CONCLUSIONS: There is a near universal awareness of e-cigarettes and their use appears to be common among smokers in Great Britain although a quarter of all smokers are unsure as to whether e-cigarettes are less harmful than cigarettes. E-lites - a brand that delivers a low dose of nicotine - is the most popular. E-cigarette users appear to have higher socio-economic status, to smoke more cigarettes per day and to have attempted to quit in the past year. Descriptors Links Book Title Database Publisher The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd. Data Source Authors Brown,J., West,R., Beard,E., Michie,S., Shahab,L., McNeill,A. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic 20140312 PMCID PMC4003532 Editors
Long-term exposure of Sitka spruce seedlings to trichloroacetic acid	2003	Cape, J.N., Centre for Ecology and Hydrology, Penicuik, Midlothian EH26 OQB, United Kingdom	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Environmental Science and Technology Periodical, Abbrev. Environ.Sci.Technol. Pub Date Free Form 2003/07 Volume 37 Issue 13 Start Page 2953 Other Pages 2957 Notes Place of Publication ISSN/ISBN 0013-936X Accession Number Language SubFile DOI Output Language Unknown(0) PMID Abstract Trichloroacetic acid (TCA) has been implicated as an airborne pollutant responsible for adverse effects on forest health. There is considerable debate as to whether TCA observed in trees and forest soils is derived from atmospheric deposition or from in situ production. This experiment reports the results from treating 4-year-old Sitka spruce (Picea sitchensis (Bong.) Carr) plants in a greenhouse over a growing season with TCA supplied either to the soil or to the foliage at concentrations of 10 and 100 ng mL-1. Similar uptake of TCA by needles was observed for both modes of treatment, with significant accumulation of TCA (300 ng g-1 dry wt) at the higher concentration. Larger concentrations in stem tissue were seen for the foliar-applied TCA (280 ng g-1) than for the soil-applied TCA (70 ng g-1), suggesting that direct stem uptake may be important. Six months after treatments stopped, TCA concentrations in the needles of plants exposed to 100 ng mL-1 TCA were still enhanced, showing that biological degradation of TCA in needles was slow over the winter. By contrast, no significant enhancement of TCA in soil could be detected in the directly treated soils even during the experiment. The protein content of needles treated with the higher concentration of TCA by either route was significantly smaller than for the controls, but there was no effect of TCA on the conjugation of 1-chloro-2,4-dinitrobenzene in roots nor on the conjugation of 1,2-dichloro-4-nitrobenzene in needles. Descriptors 1 chloro 2,4 dinitrobenzene, 1,2 dichloro 4 nitrobenzene, trichloroacetic acid, air pollutant, air pollution, article, atmospheric deposition, biodegradation, concentration (parameters), conjugation, controlled study, foliage, forest, forest soil, greenhouse, long term exposure, nonhuman, plant growth, plant root, plant stem, pollution transport, protein content, seedling, sitka spruce, winter Links Book Title Database Embase; MEDLINE Publisher Data Source Embase Authors Cape,J. N., Reeves,N. M., SchrÃ¶der,P., Heal,M. R. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic PMCID Editors
The use of individual tree statistics to quantify effects in an 'acid mist' experiment with mature trees	1995	Cape, J.N., Institute of Terrestrial Ecology, Penicuik, Midlothian EH26 0QB, United Kingdom	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Water, air, and soil pollution Periodical, Abbrev. Water Air Soil Pollut. Pub Date Free Form / Volume 85 Issue 3 Start Page 1367 Other Pages 1372 Notes Place of Publication ISSN/ISBN 0049-6979 Accession Number Language SubFile DOI Output Language Unknown(0) PMID Abstract Mature trees of a single clone of Sitka spruce (Picea sitchensis (Bong.) Carr.) growing in the field were exposed to simulated acid mist at pH 2.5 over three successive years. The growth of each tree in the acid mist treatment, in terms of the stem area increment, was related to the pattern of growth of the untreated trees at the site during 1991 and 1992. In 1993, the effects of stopping the acid mist treatment on half of the treated trees was investigated by comparing the actual growth against that predicted relative to the untreated trees on the basis of the previous years' data. The prediction of growth from one year to the next was consistently too small for the smallest acid-misted trees, suggesting that the growth rates relative to the untreated trees were increasing with time. Relative to the trees which continued to receive acid mist, however, the smaller trees which received no further acid mist in 1993 grew les than predicted, but there was a significantly greater growth than predicted for the largest 'recovering' trees. Results from the individual tree modelling approach showed that a 10% change in relative stem area increment would be detectable at the 5% level, using a block of 4 trees as a treatment unit. The statistical techniques used are alternatives to conventional ANOVA calculations in determining statistically significant treatment effects where numbers of replicates are small. Descriptors acid rain, acidification, conference paper, nonhuman, plant growth, simulation, tree Links Book Title Database Embase Publisher Data Source Embase Authors Cape,J. N., Smith,R. I., Crossley,A., Harvey,F. J., Sheppard,L. J. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic PMCID Editors
Effects of a Web-based tailored intervention to reduce alcohol consumption in adults: randomized controlled trial	2013	CAPHRI School for Public Health and Primary Care, Department of Health Promotion, Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands. dn.schulz@maastrichtuniversity.nl	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Journal of medical Internet research Periodical, Abbrev. J.Med.Internet Res. Pub Date Free Form 17-Sep Volume 15 Issue 9 Start Page e206 Other Pages Notes LR: 20150422; ISRCTN/ISRCTN91623132; JID: 100959882; OID: NLM: PMC3785997; OTO: NOTNLM; 2013/02/06 [received]; 2013/07/01 [accepted]; 2013/05/30 [revised]; epublish Place of Publication Canada ISSN/ISBN 1438-8871; 1438-8871 Accession Number PMID: 24045005 Language eng SubFile Journal Article; Randomized Controlled Trial; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; IM DOI 10.2196/jmir.2568 [doi] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 24045005 Abstract BACKGROUND: Web-based tailored interventions provide users with information that is adapted to their individual characteristics and needs. Randomized controlled trials assessing the effects of tailored alcohol self-help programs among adults are scarce. Furthermore, it is a challenge to develop programs that can hold respondents' attention in online interventions. OBJECTIVE: To assess whether a 3-session, Web-based tailored intervention is effective in reducing alcohol intake in high-risk adult drinkers and to compare 2 computer-tailoring feedback strategies (alternating vs summative) on behavioral change, dropout, and appreciation of the program. METHODS: A single-blind randomized controlled trial was conducted with an experimental group and a control group (N=448) in Germany in 2010-2011. Follow-up took place after 6 months. Drinking behavior, health status, motivational determinants, and demographics were assessed among participants recruited via an online access panel. The experimental group was divided into 2 subgroups. In the alternating condition (n=132), the tailored feedback was split into a series of messages discussing individual topics offered while the respondent was filling out the program. Participants in the summative condition (n=181) received all advice at once after having answered all questions. The actual texts were identical for both conditions. The control group (n=135) only filled in 3 questionnaires. To identify intervention effects, logistic and linear regression analyses were conducted among complete cases (n=197) and after using multiple imputation. RESULTS: Among the complete cases (response rate: 197/448, 44.0%) who did not comply with the German national guideline for low-risk drinking at baseline, 21.1% of respondents in the experimental group complied after 6 months compared with 5.8% in the control group (effect size=0.42; OR 2.65, 95% CI 1.14-6.16, P=.02). The experimental group decreased by 3.9 drinks per week compared to 0.4 drinks per week in the control group, but this did not reach statistical significance (effect size=0.26; beta=-0.12, 95% CI -7.96 to 0.03, P=.05). Intention-to-treat analyses also indicated no statistically significant effect. Separate analyses of the 2 experimental subgroups showed no differences in intervention effects. The dropout rate during the first visit to the intervention website was significantly lower in the alternating condition than in the summative condition (OR 0.23, 95% CI 0.08-0.60, P=.003). Program appreciation was comparable for the 2 experimental groups. CONCLUSIONS: Complete case analyses revealed that Web-based tailored feedback can be an effective way to reduce alcohol intake among adults. However, this effect was not confirmed when applying multiple imputations. There was no indication that one of the tailoring strategies was more effective in lowering alcohol intake. Nevertheless, the lower attrition rates we found during the first visit suggest that the version of the intervention with alternating questions and advice may be preferred. TRIAL REGISTRATION: International Standard Randomized Controlled Trial Number (ISRCTN): 91623132; http://www.controlled-trials.com/ISRCTN91623132 (Archived by WebCite at http://www.webcitation.org/6J4QdhXeG). Descriptors Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Schulz,D.N., Candel,M.J., Kremers,S.P., Reinwand,D.A., Jander,A., de Vries,H. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic 20130917 PMCID PMC3785997 Editors
Smoke constituent exposure and smoking topography of adolescent daily cigarette smokers	2004	Capital University School of Nursing, Columbus, Ohio, USA.	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Nicotine & tobacco research : official journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco Periodical, Abbrev. Nicotine Tob.Res. Pub Date Free Form Oct Volume 6 Issue 5 Start Page 853 Other Pages 862 Notes LR: 20151119; GR: 1 F31 NR07460/NR/NINR NIH HHS/United States; GR: M01RR00034/RR/NCRR NIH HHS/United States; JID: 9815751; 0 (Ganglionic Stimulants); 6M3C89ZY6R (Nicotine); 7U1EE4V452 (Carbon Monoxide); K5161X06LL (Cotinine); ppublish Place of Publication England ISSN/ISBN 1462-2203; 1462-2203 Accession Number PMID: 15700921 Language eng SubFile Journal Article; Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.; IM DOI Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 15700921 Abstract Adolescent smoking prevalence is a major health concern, with 24.4% reporting smoking in the past 30 days and 15.8% considered daily smokers. The purpose of this study was to characterize biobehavioral nicotine dependence, smoke constituent exposure and smoking topography in adolescent daily smokers. Relationships among biological markers of nicotine dependence (nicotine boost, carbon monoxide [CO] boost and cotinine levels) with existing self-report measures (modified Fagerstrom Tolerance Questionnaire [mFTQ] and the motivations for smoking scale) were examined. Gender differences were characterized. Fifty adolescents 13-18 years old were recruited for the study, 50% female. CO, plasma nicotine levels pre- and postcigarette, cotinine, and smoking topography were measured during a smoking bout with participant's usual cigarette. Average CO boost, pre- to postcigarette was 7.2 + 3.6 ppm, baseline cotinine level averaged 224.0 +/- 169.6 ng/ml and nicotine boost averaged 23.4 +/- 21.7 ng/ml. Mean puffs per cigarette was 14.2 +/- 6.3. Males had significantly higher total puff volumes, but similar smoke constituent exposure to females, and higher handling of cigarettes as smoking motive. In regression analysis, 35% of variance in tobacco use, as indicated by baseline cotinine concentration, was explained by maximum puff duration, postcigarette CO level, and nicotine dependence, as measured by the mFTQ. Results indicated adolescents had considerable smoke constituent exposure and nicotine dependence suggesting the importance of appropriate smoking cessation treatment. Descriptors Adolescent, Adolescent Behavior, Carbon Monoxide/analysis, Cotinine/analysis, Cross-Sectional Studies, Female, Ganglionic Stimulants/pharmacology, Humans, Male, Nicotine/pharmacology, Sex Factors, Smoking/psychology, Smoking Cessation, Tobacco Use Disorder/physiopathology/psychology Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Wood,T., Wewers,M. E., Groner,J., Ahijevych,K. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic PMCID Editors
Coronary computed tomography angiography-adapted Leaman score as a tool to noninvasively quantify total coronary atherosclerotic burden	2013	Cardiology Department, Centro Hospitalar Lisboa Ocidental, Lisbon, Portugal, paraujogoncalves@yahoo.co.uk.	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full The international journal of cardiovascular imaging Periodical, Abbrev. Int.J.Cardiovasc.Imaging Pub Date Free Form Oct Volume 29 Issue 7 Start Page 1575 Other Pages 1584 Notes JID: 100969716; 2013/04/19 [received]; 2013/04/24 [accepted]; 2013/05/01 [aheadofprint]; ppublish Place of Publication United States ISSN/ISBN 1875-8312; 1569-5794 Accession Number PMID: 23636301 Language eng SubFile Journal Article; IM DOI 10.1007/s10554-013-0232-8 [doi] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 23636301 Abstract To describe a coronary computed tomography angiography (CCTA)-adapted Leaman score (CT-LeSc) as a tool to quantify total coronary atherosclerotic burden with information regarding localization, type of plaque and degree of stenosis and to identify clinical predictors of a high coronary atherosclerotic burden as assessed by the CT-LeSc. Single center prospective registry including a total of 772 consecutive patients undergoing CCTA (Dual-source CT) from April 2011 to March 2012. For the purpose of this study, 581 stable patients referred for suspected coronary artery disease (CAD) without previous myocardial infarction or revascularization procedures were included. Pre-test CAD probability was determined using both the Diamond-Forrester extended CAD consortium method (DF-CAD consortium model) and the Morise score. Cardiovascular risk was assessed with the HeartScore. The cut-off for the 3rd tercile (CT-LeSc >/=8.3) was used to define a population with a high coronary atherosclerotic burden. The median CT-LeSc in this population (n = 581, 8,136 coronary segments evaluated; mean age 57.6 +/- 11.1; 55.8 % males; 14.6 % with diabetes) was 2.2 (IQR 0-6.8). In patients with CAD (n = 341), the median CT-LeSc was 5.8 (IQR 3.2-9.6). Among patients with nonobstructive CAD, most were classified in the lowest terciles (T1, 43.0 %; T2, 36.1 %), but 20.9 % were in the highest tercile (T3). The majority of the patients with obstructive CAD were classified in T3 (78.2 %), but 21.8 % had a CT-LeSc in lower terciles (T1 or T2). The independent predictors of a high CT-LeSc were: Male sex (OR 1.73; 95 % CI 1.04-2.90) diabetes (OR 2.91; 95 % CI 1.61-5.23), hypertension (OR 2.54; 95 % CI 1.40-4.63), Morise score >/= 16 (OR 1.97; 95 % CI 1.06-3.67) and HeartScore >/= 5 (OR 2.42; 95 % CI 1.41-4.14). We described a cardiac CT adapted Leaman score as a tool to quantify total (obstructive and nonobstructive) coronary atherosclerotic burden, reflecting the comprehensive information about localization, degree of stenosis and type of plaque provided by CCTA. Male sex, hypertension, diabetes, a HeartScore >/=5 % and a Morise score >/= 16 were associated with a high coronary atherosclerotic burden, as assessed by the CT-LeSc. About one fifth of the patients with nonobstructive CAD had a CT-LeSc in the highest tercile, and this could potentially lead to a reclassification of the risk profile of this subset of patients identified by CCTA, once the prognostic value of the CT-LeSc is validated. Descriptors Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors de Araujo Goncalves,P., Garcia-Garcia,H.M., Dores,H., Carvalho,M.S., Jeronimo Sousa,P., Marques,H., Ferreira,A., Cardim,N., Campante Teles,R., Raposo,L., Mesquita Gabriel,H., Sousa Almeida,M., Aleixo,A., Mota Carmo,M., Pereira Machado,F., Mendes,M. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic 20130501 PMCID Editors
Diving medicine	2014	Cardiology Section, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine Periodical, Abbrev. Am.J.Respir.Crit.Care Med. Pub Date Free Form 15-Jun Volume 189 Issue 12 Start Page 1479 Other Pages 1486 Notes JID: 9421642; N762921K75 (Nitrogen); S88TT14065 (Oxygen); OTO: NOTNLM; ppublish Place of Publication United States ISSN/ISBN 1535-4970; 1073-449X Accession Number PMID: 24869752 Language eng SubFile Journal Article; Review; AIM; IM DOI 10.1164/rccm.201309-1662CI [doi] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 24869752 Abstract Exposure to the undersea environment has unique effects on normal physiology and can result in unique disorders that require an understanding of the effects of pressure and inert gas supersaturation on organ function and knowledge of the appropriate therapies, which can include recompression in a hyperbaric chamber. The effects of Boyle's law result in changes in volume of gas-containing spaces when exposed to the increased pressure underwater. These effects can cause middle ear and sinus injury and lung barotrauma due to lung overexpansion during ascent from depth. Disorders related to diving have unique presentations, and an understanding of the high-pressure environment is needed to properly diagnose and manage these disorders. Breathing compressed air underwater results in increased dissolved inert gas in tissues and organs. On ascent after a diving exposure, the dissolved gas can achieve a supersaturated state and can form gas bubbles in blood and tissues, with resulting tissue and organ damage. Decompression sickness can involve the musculoskeletal system, skin, inner ear, brain, and spinal cord, with characteristic signs and symptoms. Usual therapy is recompression in a hyperbaric chamber following well-established protocols. Many recreational diving candidates seek medical clearance for diving, and healthcare providers must be knowledgeable of the environmental exposure and its effects on physiologic function to properly assess individuals for fitness to dive. This review provides a basis for understanding the diving environment and its accompanying disorders and provides a basis for assessment of fitness for diving. Descriptors Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Bove,A.A. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic PMCID Editors
Measuring the acute cardiovascular effects of shisha smoking: a cross-sectional study	2014	Cardiothoracic Medicine, St. George's Hospital Medical School, London SW17 0RE, UK.; Cardiothoracic Medicine, St. George's Hospital Medical School, London SW17 0RE, UK.; Cardiothoracic Medicine, St. George's Hospital Medical School, London SW17 0RE, UK.;	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full JRSM open Periodical, Abbrev. JRSM Open Pub Date Free Form 6-May Volume 5 Issue 6 Start Page 2.05427E+15 Other Pages Notes LR: 20150206; JID: 101625786; OID: NLM: PMC4100228; OTO: NOTNLM; 2014/06 [ecollection]; 2014/05/06 [epublish]; epublish Place of Publication England ISSN/ISBN 2054-2704; 2054-2704 Accession Number PMID: 25057403 Language eng SubFile Journal Article DOI 10.1177/2054270414531127 [doi] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 25057403 Abstract OBJECTIVES: To investigate the acute cardiovascular effects of smoking shisha. DESIGN: A cross-sectional study was carried out in six shisha cafes. Participants smoked shisha for a period between 45 min (minimum) and 90 min (maximum). The same brand of tobacco and coal was used. SETTING: London, UK. PARTICIPANTS: Participants were those who had ordered a shisha to smoke and consented to have their blood pressure, heart rate and carbon monoxide levels measured. Excluded subjects were those who had smoked shisha in the previous 24 h, who smoke cigarettes or who suffered from cardiorespiratory problems. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Blood pressure was measured using a sphygmomanometer. Pulse was measured by palpation of the radial artery. Carbon monoxide levels were obtained via a carbon monoxide monitor. These indices were measured before the participants began to smoke shisha and after they finished or when the maximum 90 min time period was reached. RESULTS: Mean arterial blood pressure increased from 96 mmHg to 108 mmHg (p Descriptors Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Kadhum,M., Jaffery,A., Haq,A., Bacon,J., Madden,B. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic 20140506 PMCID PMC4100228 Editors
Patent foramen ovale: a review of associated conditions and the impact of physiological size	2001	Cardiovascular Research Laboratory, Division of Cardiology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, Louisiana 70112-2822, USA.	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Journal of the American College of Cardiology Periodical, Abbrev. J.Am.Coll.Cardiol. Pub Date Free Form Sep Volume 38 Issue 3 Start Page 613 Other Pages 623 Notes LR: 20071115; JID: 8301365; RF: 66; ppublish Place of Publication United States ISSN/ISBN 0735-1097; 0735-1097 Accession Number PMID: 11527606 Language eng SubFile Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; Review; AIM; IM; S DOI S0735-1097(01)01427-9 [pii] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 11527606 Abstract Patent foramen ovale (PFO) is implicated in platypnea-orthodeoxia, stroke and decompression sickness (DCS) in divers and astronauts. However, PFO size in relation to clinical illness is largely unknown since few studies evaluate PFO, either functionally or anatomically. The autopsy incidence of PFO is approximately 27% and 6% for a large defect (0.6 cm to 1.0 cm). A PFO is often associated with atrial septal aneurysm and Chiari network, although these anatomic variations are uncommon. Methodologies for diagnosis and anatomic and functional sizing of a PFO include transthoracic echocardiography (TTE), transesophageal echocardiography (TEE) and transcranial Doppler (TCD), with saline contrast. Saline injection via the right femoral vein appears to have a higher diagnostic yield for PFO than via the right antecubital vein. Saline contrast with TTE using native tissue harmonics or transmitral pulsed wave Doppler have quantitated PFO functional size, while TEE is presently the reference standard. The platypnea-orthodeoxia syndrome is associated with a large resting PFO shunt. Transthoracic echocardiography, TEE and TCD have been used in an attempt to quantitate PFO in patients with cryptogenic stroke. The larger PFOs (approximately > or =4 mm size) or those with significant resting shunts appear to be clinically significant. Approximately two-thirds of divers with unexplained DCS have a PFO that may be responsible and may be related to PFO size. Limited data are available on the incidence of PFO in high altitude aviators with DCS, but there appears to be a relationship. A large decompression stress is associated with extra vehicular activity (EVA) from spacecraft. After four cases of serious DCS in EVA simulations, a resting PFO was detected by contrast TTE in three cases. Patent foramen ovales vary in both anatomical and functional size, and the clinical impact of a particular PFO in various situations (platypnea-orthodeoxia, thromboembolism, DCS in underwater divers, DCS in high-altitude aviators and astronauts) may be different. Descriptors Aerospace Medicine, Coronary Circulation, Decompression Sickness/complications/ultrasonography, Diving, Echocardiography, Transesophageal, Embolism, Paradoxical/etiology, Heart Septal Defects, Atrial/diagnosis/pathology/physiopathology, Heart Septum/embryology, Humans, Stroke/etiology, Ultrasonography, Doppler, Transcranial Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Kerut,E. K., Norfleet,W. T., Plotnick,G. D., Giles,T. D. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic PMCID Editors

E-mail