WTS database

Title	Pub Year	Author	SearchLink Sort descending
In vitro shear bond strength of adhesive to normal and fluoridated enamel under various contaminated conditions	1999	Department of Conservative Dentistry, Istanbul University, Faculty of Dentistry, Capa, Turkey. benderli@istanbul.edu.tr	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Quintessence international (Berlin, Germany : 1985) Periodical, Abbrev. Quintessence Int. Pub Date Free Form Aug Volume 30 Issue 8 Start Page 570 Other Pages 575 Notes LR: 20131121; JID: 0342677; 0 (Composite Resins); 0 (Dentin-Bonding Agents); 0 (Maleates); 0 (Phosphoric Acids); 0 (Resin Cements); 0 (Saliva, Artificial); 0 (Scotchbond Multi-Purpose); 0 (Z100 composite resin); 059QF0KO0R (Water); 7631-86-9 (Silicon Diox Place of Publication ENGLAND ISSN/ISBN 0033-6572; 0033-6572 Accession Number PMID: 10635272 Language eng SubFile Comparative Study; Journal Article; D DOI Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 10635272 Abstract OBJECTIVE: This study examined the shear bond strength of bonding agents to normal or fluoridated enamel following use of weak or strong acids to prepare enamel surfaces and after contamination with a measured amount of saliva at various stages of the bonding procedure. METHOD AND MATERIALS: One hundred extracted human third molar teeth were randomly separated into 2 basic groups (normal or fluoridated teeth), then divided into 5 subgroups. Group A specimens were not contaminated. After etching, enamel surfaces were dry and clean. Group B was left with wet surfaces after etching. Group C specimens were contaminated with artificial saliva and then dried. Group D specimens were contaminated with artificial saliva, rinsed, and then dried. In group E, all enamel surfaces were left contaminated with saliva after the etching procedures (with maleic acid or phosphoric acids). Adhesive resins were applied to all enamel surfaces according to the manufacturer's instructions. The specimens were then mounted and tested to determine shear bond strength. RESULTS: If normal enamel surfaces were rinsed and dried immediately after contamination, there was no significant reduction of shear bond strength of adhesive to enamel. Specimens in group E and group C had significantly lower bond strengths than did control specimens (group A). In the fluoridated groups etched with the phosphoric acid, statistically significant reductions in bond strengths were obtained in all contamination groups and in the control group. In the fluoridated specimens, there were no statistically significant differences between any of the contamination groups and the control group when maleic acid was used. CONCLUSION: Saliva contamination may not be a risk factor for successful bonding between bonding agent and dental tissues for normal or fluoridated enamel surfaces if they are rinsed and dried immediately after contamination. Etching of normal enamel surfaces with phosphoric acid in the presence of contamination may provide higher shear bond strength than etching with maleic acid. Descriptors Acid Etching, Dental/methods, Composite Resins, Dental Bonding, Dental Enamel/chemistry, Dentin-Bonding Agents, Desiccation, Fluorides/chemistry, Humans, Maleates, Materials Testing, Molar, Phosphoric Acids, Random Allocation, Resin Cements, Saliva, Artificial, Silicon Dioxide, Statistics, Nonparametric, Tensile Strength, Water/chemistry, Zirconium Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Benderli,Y., Gokce,K., Buyukgokcesu,S. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic PMCID Editors
Determination of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in sediment using solid-phase microextraction with gas chromatography-mass spectrometry	2000	Environmental Research Center Montecatini, Marina di Ravenna, Italy.	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Journal of chromatographic science Periodical, Abbrev. J.Chromatogr.Sci. Pub Date Free Form Feb Volume 38 Issue 2 Start Page 55 Other Pages 60 Notes LR: 20061115; JID: 0173225; 0 (Indicators and Reagents); 0 (Polycyclic Hydrocarbons, Aromatic); 0 (Solutions); 0 (Water Pollutants, Chemical); ppublish Place of Publication UNITED STATES ISSN/ISBN 0021-9665; 0021-9665 Accession Number PMID: 10677833 Language eng SubFile Journal Article; IM DOI Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 10677833 Abstract Manual solid-phase microextraction (SPME) coupled with gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) is applied for the determination of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) from natural matrix through a distilled water medium. Seven of the 16 PAH standards (naphthalene, acenaphthene, fluorene, anthracene, fluoranthene, pyrene, benzo[a]anthracene) are spiked on a marine muddy sediment. The samples, containing PAHs in the range of 10-20 ppm, are then aged at room temperature more than 10 days before analysis. The influence of the matrix, SPME adsorption time, pH, salt content, and SPME adsorption temperature are investigated. The reproducibility of the technique is less than 13% (RDS) for the first 6 considered PAHs and 28% (RDS) for benzo(a)anthracene with a fiber containing a 100-micron poly dimethylsiloxane coating. Linearity extended in the range of 5-50 picograms for PAHs direct injection, 5-70 picograms for PAHs in water, and 1-170 picograms for PAHs in sediment. The detection limit is estimated less than 1 microgram/kg of dry sample for the first 6 considered PAHs in sediment and 1.5 micrograms/kg of dry sample for benzo(a)anthracene using the selected ion monitoring mode in GC-MS. The recoveries of the considered PAHs are evaluated. Descriptors Adsorption, Calibration, Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry, Hydrogen-Ion Concentration, Indicators and Reagents, Italy, Polycyclic Hydrocarbons, Aromatic/analysis, Solutions, Temperature, Water Pollutants, Chemical/analysis Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Cam,D., Gagni,S., Meldolesi,L., Galletti,G. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic PMCID Editors
A trial to determine the risk of decompression sickness after a 40 feet of sea water for 200 minute no-stop air dive	2000	Naval Medical Research Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA.	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Aviation, Space, and Environmental Medicine Periodical, Abbrev. Aviat.Space Environ.Med. Pub Date Free Form Feb Volume 71 Issue 2 Start Page 102 Other Pages 108 Notes LR: 20061115; JID: 7501714; ppublish Place of Publication UNITED STATES ISSN/ISBN 0095-6562; 0095-6562 Accession Number PMID: 10685581 Language eng SubFile Case Reports; Journal Article; Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.; IM; S DOI Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 10685581 Abstract BACKGROUND: The USN93 probabilistic model of decompression sickness (DCS) predicts a DCS risk of 3.9% after a 40 ft of seawater (fsw) for 200 min no-stop air dive, although little data is available to evaluate the accuracy of this prediction. Based on an analysis of Navy Safety Center data from diving on U.S. Navy standard air decompression tables, the observed incidence of DCS for this type of dive is 0.11%. Knowing the true incidence of the dive is important for deciding whether or not to adopt proposed probability based decompression procedures for U.S. Navy diving. HYPOTHESIS: The risk of DCS after a 40 fsw for 200 min no-stop air dive is 3.9%. METHODS: We conducted a closed sequential trial to determine the DCS incidence on this dive. RESULTS: Of 30 military divers who completed 91 dives, there were 2 cases of DCS (2.2%, 95% CI: 0.27 7.7%). The study was terminated early after the second DCS case because of the presence of neurological symptoms and signs. CONCLUSIONS: This study demonstrates that the incidence of DCS in a laboratory setting is higher than observed in fleet diving. Use of the 40 fsw for 200 min schedule in a decompression computer is likely to result in DCS incidence 2.5- to 70-fold greater than that observed in U.S. Navy diving using table-based procedures. Descriptors Adult, Algorithms, Body Height, Body Weight, Decompression Sickness/etiology, Diving/adverse effects, Humans, Incidence, Male, Military Personnel, Models, Biological, Monte Carlo Method, Naval Medicine, Predictive Value of Tests, Reproducibility of Results, Risk Factors, Seawater, Time Factors, United States Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Ball,R., Parker,E. C. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic PMCID Editors
Prospective evaluation of the prevalence of gastric Helicobacter pylori infection in patients with GERD, Barrett's esophagus, Barrett's dysplasia, and Barrett's adenocarcinoma	2000	Veterans Administration Medical Center, Kansas City, Missouri, 64128, USA.	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full The American Journal of Gastroenterology Periodical, Abbrev. Am.J.Gastroenterol. Pub Date Free Form Feb Volume 95 Issue 2 Start Page 387 Other Pages 394 Notes LR: 20131121; JID: 0421030; 0 (Coloring Agents); 0 (Enzyme Inhibitors); 0 (Proton Pump Inhibitors); ppublish Place of Publication UNITED STATES ISSN/ISBN 0002-9270; 0002-9270 Accession Number PMID: 10685740 Language eng SubFile Comparative Study; Journal Article; Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.; IM DOI S0002-9270(99)00817-5 [pii] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 10685740 Abstract OBJECTIVE: This study was undertaken to prospectively determine the prevalence of gastric H. pylori infection in Barrett's esophagus and Barrett's complicated by dysplasia or adenocarcinoma. METHODS: The prevalence of H. pylori was determined in Barrett's esophagus patients compared to a control population of patients with gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) only. All patients had a minimum of 10 gastric surveillance biopsies obtained. H. pylori colonization was determined upon the basis of hematoxylin and eosin and use of a modified Giemsa and or Steiner's silver stain of all gastric biopsy specimens. RESULTS: Two hundred and eighty-nine Barrett's patients and 217 GERD control patients were included in the study. H. pylori was found in 95/289 (32.9%) of the Barrett's patients, compared with 96/217 (44.2%) of the GERD controls (NS). Forty-seven of the Barrett's patients had low-grade dysplasia/indefinite dysplasia, 14 high-grade dysplasia, and 20 Barrett's adenocarcinoma. When Barrett's was subgrouped according to absence of dysplasia, and presence of low-grade dysplasia, high-grade dysplasia, or adenocarcinoma, H. pylori prevalence was found to be significantly less for patients with Barrett's high-grade dysplasia (14.3%) and adenocarcinoma (15.0%) versus patients with GERD alone (44.2%), Barrett's alone (35.1%), or Barrett's with low-grade dysplasia (36.2%) (p = 0.016). This difference could not be explained by differences between Barrett's esophagus patients infected with H. pylori and those who were not with respect to gender, smoking history, alcohol consumption, use of proton pump inhibitor, or length of Barrett's mucosa. CONCLUSIONS: Barrett's high-grade dysplasia and adenocarcinoma are significantly more prevalent in patients who are not infected with H. pylori. H. pylori appears to have a protective effect against the development of Barrett's adenocarcinoma. Descriptors Adenocarcinoma/epidemiology/microbiology, Alcohol Drinking/epidemiology, Analysis of Variance, Barrett Esophagus/epidemiology/microbiology/pathology, Biopsy, Chi-Square Distribution, Coloring Agents, Enzyme Inhibitors/therapeutic use, Esophageal Neoplasms/epidemiology/microbiology, Esophagoscopy, Female, Follow-Up Studies, Gastroesophageal Reflux/drug therapy/epidemiology/microbiology, Helicobacter Infections/epidemiology, Helicobacter pylori/growth & development, Humans, Kansas/epidemiology, Male, Middle Aged, Prevalence, Prospective Studies, Proton Pump Inhibitors, Smoking/epidemiology, Stomach Diseases/epidemiology/microbiology Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Weston,A. P., Badr,A. S., Topalovski,M., Cherian,R., Dixon,A., Hassanein,R. S. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic PMCID Editors
An example of measurement and reporting of periodontal loss of attachment (LOA) in epidemiological studies: smoking and periodontal tissue destruction	1999	Department of Oral Rehabilitation, School of Dentistry, University of Otago, Dunedin.	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full The New Zealand dental journal Periodical, Abbrev. N.Z.Dent.J. Pub Date Free Form Dec Volume 95 Issue 422 Start Page 118 Other Pages 123 Notes LR: 20061115; JID: 0401065; ppublish Place of Publication NEW ZEALAND ISSN/ISBN 0028-8047; 0028-8047 Accession Number PMID: 10687377 Language eng SubFile Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; D; IM DOI Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 10687377 Abstract The measurement and reporting of periodontal disease in epidemiological studies can be complex, with the common indices having well-recognised shortcomings. The aim of this study was to illustrate the use of the periodontal loss of attachment (LOA) approach in investigating the association between cigarette smoking and loss of periodontal attachment in a convenience sample of adults, in order to determine whether or not smoking was a risk indicator for periodontal disease. All participants were given a detailed periodontal clinical examination in two randomly assigned contralateral diagonal quadrants, with LOA measurements made at six sites per tooth. Information was also collected on participants' socio-demographic characteristics, oral hygiene practices, smoking history, and attitudes towards smoking. The 240 participants examined comprised 81 current smokers (CS), 79 former smokers (FS) and 80 nonsmokers (NS). Substantial differences and a gradient in disease existed for LOA among the three groups. CS exhibited the greatest (and NS the least) prevalence, extent, and severity of LOA. CS had more plaque and calculus than either of the other two groups, but the groups did not differ with respect to bleeding on probing. Overall, smoking was associated with the disease outcome, and this persisted after potential confounders were controlled using multivariate analysis. Although the observed differences may have been due to the self-selected nature of the sample, the gradient evident across the three smoking exposure groups suggests that smoking cessation can slow the progression of the disease. The LOA approach appears to be a versatile and informative method for recording, analysing, and presenting data on periodontitis in epidemiological studies. Descriptors Adult, Analysis of Variance, Attitude to Health, Chi-Square Distribution, Confounding Factors (Epidemiology), Dental Calculus/epidemiology, Dental Plaque/epidemiology, Disease Progression, Epidemiologic Studies, Female, Gingival Hemorrhage/epidemiology, Humans, Logistic Models, Male, Middle Aged, Multivariate Analysis, New Zealand/epidemiology, Oral Hygiene/statistics & numerical data, Periodontal Attachment Loss/epidemiology, Periodontal Index, Periodontitis/epidemiology, Prevalence, Risk Factors, Smoking/epidemiology, Smoking Cessation, Social Class Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Paidi,S., Pack,A. R., Thomson,W. M. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic PMCID Editors
Epidemiology of esophageal cancer, especially adenocarcinoma of the esophagus and esophagogastric junction	2000	Department of Surgery, Hospital Clinic y Provincial, University of Barcelona Medical School, Spain.	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Recent results in cancer research.Fortschritte der Krebsforschung.Progres dans les recherches sur le cancer Periodical, Abbrev. Recent Results Cancer Res. Pub Date Free Form Volume 155 Issue Start Page 1 Other Pages 14 Notes LR: 20150828; JID: 0044671; RF: 82; ppublish Place of Publication GERMANY ISSN/ISBN 0080-0015; 0080-0015 Accession Number PMID: 10693234 Language eng SubFile Journal Article; Review; IM DOI Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 10693234 Abstract The incidence of adenocarcinoma of the esophagus and esophagogastric junction (EGJ) has been increasing over the past 15 years in western countries. Surgical series and population-based studies show that, by 1994, adenocarcinomas of the esophagus accounted for half of all esophageal cancer among white men. The causes of this increase in incidence remain to be elucidated. Esophageal adenocarcinomas and a portion of EGJ adenocarcinomas arise from long and short segments of specialized intestinal metaplasia (Barrett's esophagus). The prevalence of long segments of Barrett's esophagus (> 3 cm) in patients having endoscopy for reflux symptoms is 3%, and 1% in those undergoing endoscopy for any clinical indication. However, a silent majority of patients with Barrett's esophagus remain unrecognized in the general population and may not be diagnosed unless adenocarcinoma develops. Recent studies document a rise in the diagnosis of specialized intestinal metaplasia of the cardia. Nearly all these patients have associated carditis, and Helicobacter pylori infection has been linked to this condition. The possible origin of EGJ adenocarcinomas in the sequence carditis--specialized intestinal metaplasia needs to be clarified. Smoking and obesity are additional risk factors for adenocarcinoma of the esophagus and EGJ. Current data does not confirm H. pylori as a risk factor for cancer of the EGJ. Descriptors Adenocarcinoma/epidemiology/etiology/genetics, Barrett Esophagus/epidemiology/genetics, Esophageal Neoplasms/epidemiology/etiology/genetics, Esophagogastric Junction/pathology, Helicobacter Infections/complications, Humans, Incidence, Life Style Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Pera,M. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic PMCID Editors
Effect of cigarette smoking on periodontal status of healthy young adults	2000	Department of Oral Medicine and Periodontics, School of Dentistry, University of Seville, Spain.	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Journal of periodontology Periodical, Abbrev. J.Periodontol. Pub Date Free Form Jan Volume 71 Issue 1 Start Page 73 Other Pages 78 Notes LR: 20151119; JID: 8000345; ppublish Place of Publication UNITED STATES ISSN/ISBN 0022-3492; 0022-3492 Accession Number PMID: 10695941 Language eng SubFile Comparative Study; Journal Article; D; IM DOI 10.1902/jop.2000.71.1.73 [doi] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 10695941 Abstract BACKGROUND: It has been shown that tobacco is a significant risk factor for periodontal disease; however, there have been few studies on young populations where problems of general health can be discounted. The purpose of this study was to examine the influence of tobacco consumption on the periodontal condition of a young, healthy population. METHODS: The study population consisted of 304 young Caucasian males (average age 19.38 +/- 0.72 years) entering the Armed Forces. All the subjects completed a self-administered questionnaire on age, oral hygiene habits, previous dental examinations, and quantity and length of tobacco use. The periodontal examination consisted of the plaque index (PI); periodontal bleeding index (PBI); probing depth (PD); and clinical attachment level (CAL). One- and 2-way ANOVA was used to compare data recorded between smokers and non-smokers. RESULTS: Forty-six percent of subjects reported that they brushed their teeth at least once a day, but only 13% visited a dentist at least once a year. Over half (53%) were habitual smokers, 43% smoking between 5 and 20 cigarettes per day; 39% of the smokers had been smoking for less than 5 years. Mean PI was 31.24 +/- 14.88 (27.19 +/- 15.93 for smokers and 35.78 +/- 12.17 for non-smokers), with significant differences between non-smokers and those who smoked 5 to 20 cigarettes per day (26.85 +/- 16.11, P<0.0001). Mean PBI was 42.29 +/- 8.43 (non-smokers 44.67 +/- 6.53 and smokers 40.17 +/- 9.46). Significant differences were found between the PBI of the non-smokers and of those who smoked 5 to 20 cigarettes per day (39.90 +/- 9.64, P <0.0001). There were also differences in the PBI between those who brushed their teeth once (40.53 +/- 9.61) and twice (44.86 +/- 5.9) a day (P<0.0001). Mean PD was 1.62 +/- 0.43 mm (non-smokers 1.56 +/- 0.36 and smokers 1.68 +/- 0.49). Deeper probing depths were recorded among smokers than among non-smokers, with statistically significant differences (P<0.049); statistically significant differences were also found between those who attended (1.49 +/- 0.50) and those who did not attend (1.65 +/- 0.42) regular dental check-ups (P<0.031). Mean CAL 1.75 +/- 0.41 (non-smokers 1.64 +/- 0.32 and smokers 1.82 +/- 0.44). CONCLUSIONS: It may be concluded that, even at such an early age, tobacco consumption affects the periodontal health. It is necessary to inform young smokers of the risk of tobacco use regarding periodontal health. Descriptors Adult, Age Factors, Analysis of Variance, Attitude to Health, Dental Care, Dental Plaque Index, Gingival Hemorrhage/classification, Health Behavior, Humans, Male, Military Personnel, Oral Hygiene, Periodontal Attachment Loss/classification, Periodontal Diseases/etiology, Periodontal Pocket/classification, Periodontium/physiopathology, Risk Factors, Smoking/adverse effects/physiopathology, Surveys and Questionnaires, Time Factors, Toothbrushing Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Machuca,G., Rosales,I., Lacalle,J. R., Machuca,C., Bullon,P. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic PMCID Editors
Effect of cigarette promotions on smoking uptake among adolescents	2000	Department of Pediatrics, Norris Cotton Cancer Center, Dartmouth Medical School, New Hampshire, USA. James.D.Sargent@Hitchcock.org	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Preventive medicine Periodical, Abbrev. Prev.Med. Pub Date Free Form Apr Volume 30 Issue 4 Start Page 320 Other Pages 327 Notes LR: 20130705; CI: Copyright 2000; GR: CA-23108/CA/NCI NIH HHS/United States; GR: CA-67538/CA/NCI NIH HHS/United States; GR: P30 CA023108/CA/NCI NIH HHS/United States; JID: 0322116; CIN: Prev Med. 2001 Nov;33(5):514-5. PMID: 11676594; ppublish Place of Publication UNITED STATES ISSN/ISBN 0091-7435; 0091-7435 Accession Number PMID: 10731461 Language eng SubFile Journal Article; Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.; IM DOI 10.1006/pmed.1999.0629 [doi] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 10731461 Abstract BACKGROUND: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the association between receptivity to cigarette promotions and smoking uptake in a cohort of adolescents. METHODS AND MEASURES: This was a prospective cohort study of 480 4th- to 11th-grade students conducted in three rural Vermont K-12 schools. Cigarette use was determined by self-report at baseline, 12 months (survey 2), and 21 months (survey 3). Proportional odds models were used to evaluate smoking uptake as a function of baseline measures of cigarette use, receptivity to cigarette promotions, and confounding factors, including grade, parental education, peer smoking, and family smoking. Adolescents were receptive to cigarette promotions if they owned or were willing to use a personal item bearing a cigarette brand logo [cigarette promotional item (CPI)]. Smoking status was measured using a 6-point ordinal index that combined experience and attitudes: 0 = never smoker/not susceptible to smoking, 1 = never smoker/susceptible to smoking, 2 = puffer (1 cigarette or less in lifetime), 3 = non-current experimenter (2-99 cigarettes in lifetime/none in past 30 days), 4 = current experimenter, and 5 = smoker (> or =100 cigarettes in lifetime). RESULTS: The 480 students were equally distributed across grade at baseline. Environmental exposure to smoking was high, and 30% were receptive to cigarette promotions at baseline. Higher levels on the smoking index at baseline were associated with higher grade in school, peer smoking, and receptivity to cigarette promotions. One hundred eighty-five students (38.5%) had moved to a higher category on the smoking index by survey 3, of whom 30 had become smokers. Receptivity to cigarette promotions at baseline was significantly associated with higher smoking uptake, with 48.7% of receptive students moving up one or more categories on the smoking index [adjusted proportional odds 1.9 (95% CI 1.3, 2.9)]. Acquisition of receptivity to cigarette promotions was also associated with increased smoking uptake, with those becoming receptive in surveys 2 or 3 having significantly higher odds of progression [3.6 (1.8, 7.0) and 2.9 (1.5, 5.5), respectively] compared with those who did not change. Conversely, those who were receptive at one point but became non-receptive in surveys 2 or 3 had lower odds of progression [0.4 (0.2, 0.9) and 0.5 (0.3, 1.1), respectively]. CONCLUSIONS: This study supports a close linkage between tobacco promotional activities and uptake of smoking among adolescents beyond baseline descriptions of receptivity to cigarette promotions. Over time, the likelihood of smoking uptake is increased when an adolescent acquires a CPI or becomes willing to use one and is decreased when an adolescent who owns a CPI loses it or becomes unwilling to use it. This provides strong evidence that elimination of cigarette promotional campaigns could reduce adolescent smoking. Descriptors Adolescent, Adolescent Behavior, Advertising as Topic, Cohort Studies, Data Collection, Female, Humans, Incidence, Male, New Hampshire/epidemiology, Odds Ratio, Plants, Toxic, Prospective Studies, Reproducibility of Results, Sex Distribution, Smoking/epidemiology, Tobacco Links Book Title Database Publisher American Health Foundation and Academic Press Data Source Authors Sargent,J. D., Dalton,M., Beach,M., Bernhardt,A., Heatherton,T., Stevens,M. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic PMCID Editors
Periodontal status of adult Sudanese habitual users of miswak chewing sticks or toothbrushes	2000	Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Bergen, Norway. Ismail.Darout@cih.uib.no	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Acta Odontologica Scandinavica Periodical, Abbrev. Acta Odontol.Scand. Pub Date Free Form Feb Volume 58 Issue 1 Start Page 25 Other Pages 30 Notes LR: 20061115; JID: 0370344; ppublish Place of Publication NORWAY ISSN/ISBN 0001-6357; 0001-6357 Accession Number PMID: 10809396 Language eng SubFile Comparative Study; Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; D; IM DOI Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 10809396 Abstract Miswak chewing sticks are prepared from the roots or twigs of Salvadora persica plants. They are widely used as a traditional oral hygiene tool in several African and Middle Eastern countries. The aim of this study was to assess and compare the periodontal status of adult Sudanese habitual miswak and toothbrush users. The study population comprised male miswak users (n = 109) and toothbrush users (n = 104) with age range 20-65 years (mean 36.6 years) having 18 or more teeth present. They were recruited among employees and students at the Medical Sciences Campus in Khartoum, Sudan. One examiner used the Community Periodontal Index (CPI) to score gingival bleeding, supragingival dental calculus, and probing pocket depth of the index teeth of each sextant. In addition, the attachment level was measured, which, along with the CPI, was used to assess the periodontal status of the two test groups. Gingival bleeding and dental calculus were highly prevalent in the study population. Approximately 10% of the subjects had > or =4 mm probing depth and 51% had > or =4 mm attachment loss in one or more sextants. Subjects in the age group 40-65 years had a significantly (p or =4 mm probing depth and attachment loss than the 30-39 years group. Miswak users had significantly (p or =4 mm probing depth and higher > or =4 mm attachment loss as well as a tendency (p = 0.09) to lower gingival bleeding in the posterior sextants than did toothbrush users. These differences were not significant in the anterior sextants. It is concluded that the periodontal status of miswak users in this Sudanese population is better than that of toothbrush users, suggesting that the efficacy of miswak use for oral hygiene in this group is comparable or slightly better than a toothbrush. Given the availability and low cost of miswak, it should be recommended for use in motivated persons in developing countries. Descriptors Adult, Aged, Analysis of Variance, Dental Calculus/classification, Developing Countries, Gingival Hemorrhage/classification, Humans, Male, Medicine, Traditional, Middle Aged, Oral Hygiene/instrumentation, Periodontal Attachment Loss/classification, Periodontal Diseases/complications, Periodontal Index, Periodontal Pocket/classification, Plants, Medicinal, Prevalence, Sudan, Toothbrushing/instrumentation Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Darout,I. A., Albandar,J. M., Skaug,N. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic PMCID Editors
Smoking-attributable periodontitis in the United States: findings from NHANES III. National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey	2000	Division of Oral Health, National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA 30341, USA. slt4@cdc.gov	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Journal of periodontology Periodical, Abbrev. J.Periodontol. Pub Date Free Form May Volume 71 Issue 5 Start Page 743 Other Pages 751 Notes LR: 20041117; JID: 8000345; ppublish Place of Publication UNITED STATES ISSN/ISBN 0022-3492; 0022-3492 Accession Number PMID: 10872955 Language eng SubFile Journal Article; D; IM DOI 10.1902/jop.2000.71.5.743 [doi] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 10872955 Abstract BACKGROUND: The principal objectives of this study were to examine the relationship between cigarette smoking and periodontitis and to estimate the proportion of periodontitis in the United States adult population that is attributable to cigarette smoking. METHODS: Data were derived from the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, a nationally representative multipurpose health survey conducted in 1988 to 1994. Participants were interviewed about tobacco use and examined by dentists trained to use standardized clinical criteria. Analysis was limited to dentate persons aged > or =18 years with complete clinical periodontal data and information on tobacco use and important covariates (n = 12,329). Data were weighted to provide U.S. national estimates, and analyses accounted for the complex sample design. We defined periodontitis as the presence of > or =1 site with clinical periodontal attachment level > or =4 mm apical to the cemento-enamel junction and probing depth > or =4 mm. Current cigarette smokers were those who had smoked > or =100 cigarettes over their lifetime and smoked at the time of the interview; former smokers had smoked > or =100 cigarettes but did not currently smoke; and never smokers had not smoked > or =100 cigarettes in their lifetime. RESULTS: We found that 27.9% (95% confidence interval [CI]: +/-1.8%) of dentate adults were current smokers and 23.3% (95% CI: +/-1.2%) were former smokers. Overall, 9.2% (95% CI: +/-1.4%) of dentate adults met our case definition for periodontitis, which projects to about 15 million cases of periodontitis among U.S. adults. Modeling with multiple logistic regression revealed that current smokers were about 4 times as likely as persons who had never smoked to have periodontitis (prevalence odds ratio [ORp] = 3.97; 95% CI, 3.20-4.93), after adjusting for age, gender, race/ethnicity, education, and income:poverty ratio. Former smokers were more likely than persons who had never smoked to have periodontitis (ORp = 1.68; 95% CI, 1.31-2.17). Among current smokers, there was a dose-response relationship between cigarettes smoked per day and the odds of periodontitis (P or =31 cigarettes per day. Among former smokers, the odds of periodontitis declined with the number of years since quitting, from ORp = 3.22 (95% CI, 2.18-4.76) for 0 to 2 years to ORp = 1.15 (95% CI, 0.83-1.60) for > or =11 years. Applying standard epidemiologic formulas for the attributable fraction for the population, we calculated that 41.9% of periodontitis cases (6.4 million cases) in the U.S. adult population were attributable to current cigarette smoking and 10.9% (1.7 million cases) to former smoking. Among current smokers, 74.8% of their periodontitis was attributable to smoking. CONCLUSIONS: Based on findings from this study and numerous other reports, we conclude that smoking is a major risk factor for periodontitis and may be responsible for more than half of periodontitis cases among adults in the United States. A large proportion of adult periodontitis may be preventable through prevention and cessation of cigarette smoking. Descriptors Adolescent, Adult, Aged, Dental Health Surveys, Ethnic Groups, Female, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Multivariate Analysis, Odds Ratio, Periodontitis/epidemiology/etiology, Prevalence, Smoking/adverse effects/epidemiology, Smoking Cessation/statistics & numerical data, Socioeconomic Factors, United States/epidemiology Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Tomar,S. L., Asma,S. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic PMCID Editors

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