WTS database

Title	Pub Year	Author	SearchLink Sort descending
Influence of parental smoking on respiratory symptoms during the first decade of life: the Tucson Children's Respiratory Study	1999	Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, Pontificia Universidade Catolica RS, Porto Alegre, Brazil.	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full American Journal of Epidemiology Periodical, Abbrev. Am.J.Epidemiol. Pub Date Free Form 1-Jun Volume 149 Issue 11 Start Page 1030 Other Pages 1037 Notes LR: 20151119; GR: HL14136/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/United States; GR: R01 HL56177/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/United States; JID: 7910653; 0 (Tobacco Smoke Pollution); ppublish Place of Publication UNITED STATES ISSN/ISBN 0002-9262; 0002-9262 Accession Number PMID: 10355379 Language eng SubFile Journal Article; Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.; IM DOI Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 10355379 Abstract Compelling evidence suggests a causal relation between exposure to parental cigarette smoking and respiratory symptoms during childhood. Still, the roles of prenatal versus postnatal parental smoking need clarification. In this study, the authors assessed the effects of passive smoking on respiratory symptoms in a cohort of over 1,000 children born during 1980-1984. The children were enrolled in the Tucson Children's Respiratory Study in Tucson, Arizona, and were followed from birth to age 11 years. The population was generally middle class and consisted of two main ethnic groups, non-Hispanic Whites (75%) and Hispanics (20%), reflecting Tucson's population. Information on parental smoking and on wheeze and cough in their children was elicited from parents by using questionnaires at five different surveys. Data were analyzed both cross-sectionally and by using the generalized estimation equation approach, a longitudinal mixed-effects model. The best-fitting model indicated that maternal prenatal but not postnatal smoking was associated with current wheeze (odds ratio = 2.3, 95% confidence interval 1.4-3.8) independently of a family history of asthma, socioeconomic factors, and birth weight. This effect was time dependent and significant only below age 3 years; although independent of gender, the association was stronger for girls (odds ratio = 3.6, 95% confidence interval 1.6-8.0). Cough was not associated with parental smoking during the first decade of life. This transitory effect of maternal prenatal smoking on wheezing could be due to changes that affect the early stages of lung development. Descriptors Adult, Air Pollution, Indoor/adverse effects, Arizona, Child, Child Development/drug effects, Child, Preschool, Cough/etiology, Cross-Sectional Studies, Data Interpretation, Statistical, Female, Humans, Infant, Longitudinal Studies, Male, Mothers, Odds Ratio, Parents, Pregnancy, Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects, Respiration Disorders/etiology, Respiratory Sounds/etiology, Surveys and Questionnaires, Tobacco Smoke Pollution/adverse effects Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Stein,R. T., Holberg,C. J., Sherrill,D., Wright,A. L., Morgan,W. J., Taussig,L., Martinez,F. D. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic PMCID Editors
Cold tap water as a source of fatal nosocomial pneumonia due to Legionella pneumophila in a rehabilitation center	1999	Gemeenschappelijke Gezondheidsdienst Oostelijk Zuid-Limburg, Heerlen. choebe@knmg.nl	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Nederlands tijdschrift voor geneeskunde Periodical, Abbrev. Ned.Tijdschr.Geneeskd. Pub Date Free Form 15-May Volume 143 Issue 20 Start Page 1041 Other Pages 1045 Notes LR: 20081121; JID: 0400770; ppublish Place of Publication NETHERLANDS ISSN/ISBN 0028-2162; 0028-2162 Accession Number PMID: 10368731 Language dut SubFile Case Reports; English Abstract; Journal Article; IM DOI Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 10368731 Abstract OBJECTIVE: Report of the technical, microbiological and epidemiological investigation following 2 cases of fatal Legionella pneumonia. DESIGN: Descriptive. METHOD: Faced with 2 nosocomial cases in a rehabilitation centre in the South of Limburg, the Netherlands, the water supply was investigated. Water temperatures from different taps were measured. Legionella cultures were made from respiratory patients' specimens, water samples and smears from all mixing taps (used in showers), samples from hot and cold water taps from the infected ward and from the five other wards. The strains were typed by serotyping and polymerase chain reaction. RESULTS: The circulating cold water sometimes warmed up to 40 degrees C (within the Legionella growth range). From the sputum of the 2 male patients with rheumatoid arthritis who died of Legionella pneumonia the same Legionella pneumophila (serotype I) was cultured as from the water supply. Of the showers on the contaminated ward 19% (12/63) were positive for Legionella as were 59% (35/59) of the cold water taps. Cultures from the hot water supply were negative just like control cultures from five other wards and swabs from showerheads and hoses. The cold water tubes ran next to the hot water tubes and the central heating system in the same shaft. On the infected ward patients were absent during the weekends. As one of the subsequent measures, the cold water pipes were relocated to another shaft. CONCLUSION: The combination of an elevated cold water temperature caused by heating along a distance by nearby hot water and heating piping and the regular stasis of water during the weekends when the ward was closed, most probably stimulated the multiplication of Legionella in the water supply. In order to minimize contamination of cold water its temperature must be kept below 20 degrees C. Surveillance of intramural water systems is necessary to prevent nosocomial infections. Descriptors Cold Temperature, Cross Infection/microbiology/prevention & control, Disease Reservoirs, Fatal Outcome, Humans, Legionella pneumophila/isolation & purification, Legionnaires' Disease/complications/microbiology/prevention & control, Male, Netherlands, Pneumonia/microbiology/prevention & control, Polymerase Chain Reaction, Rehabilitation Centers, Serotyping, Water Microbiology, Water Supply/analysis Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Hoebe,C. J., Cluitmans,J. J., Wagenvoort,J. H., van Leeuwen,W. J., Bilkert-Mooiman,M. A. Original/Translated Title Koud leidingwater als bron van fatale nosocomiale pneumonieen door Legionella pneumophila in een revalidatiekliniek URL Date of Electronic PMCID Editors
Bone mineral density of the spine and femur in healthy Saudi females: relation to vitamin D status, pregnancy, and lactation	1999	Department of Medicine (MBC-46), King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, PO Box 3354, Riyadh 11211, Saudi Arabia.	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Calcified tissue international Periodical, Abbrev. Calcif.Tissue Int. Pub Date Free Form Jul Volume 65 Issue 1 Start Page 23 Other Pages 28 Notes LR: 20131121; JID: 7905481; 0 (Parathyroid Hormone); 1406-16-2 (Vitamin D); SY7Q814VUP (Calcium); OID: PIP: 144813; OID: POP: 00289772; OTO: PIP; GN: PIP: TJ: CALCIFIED TISSUE INTERNATIONAL.; ppublish Place of Publication UNITED STATES ISSN/ISBN 0171-967X; 0171-967X Accession Number PMID: 10369729 Language eng SubFile Comparative Study; Journal Article; IM; J DOI CT152-98 [pii] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 10369729 Abstract Bone mineral density (BMD) measurements of the anterio-posterior lumbar spine and the proximal femur using dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry, as well as relevant clinical and biochemical parameters, were determined in 321 healthy Saudi females in order to establish reference values and to study the effects of physical and lifestyle factors on BMD. Mean +/- SD of age, body mass index (BMI), number of pregnancies, and total duration of lactation were 35.4 +/- 11.3 years, 26.5 +/- 5.2 kg/m2, 3.1 +/- 3.1, and 23.7 +/- 42.4 months, respectively. Mean +/- SD of serum calcium, 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25OHD), and PTH levels were 2.37 +/- 0.09 mmol/liter, 24.5 +/- 17.2 nmol/liter, and 52.0 +/- 30.8 pg/ml, respectively. Peak BMD values were observed around age 35 years at the spine and earlier at the femur. Compared with USA females, Saudi females had lower weight-matched Z scores at the spine (-0.126 +/- 1. 078, P = 0.04), femoral neck (-0.234 +/- 0.846, P /=31 years old were 18-41% and 0-7%, respectively, depending on the site examined. Severe hypovitaminosis D (25OHD level </=20 nmol/liter) was present in 52% of the subjects. However, there was no correlation between 25OHD level and BMD at any site. Parathyroid hormone (PTH) levels correlated significantly with 25OHD levels (r = -0.28, P < 0.0001) and with weight-matched BMD Z scores at the spine (r = -0.17, P = 0.005), femoral neck (r = -0.16, P = 0.007), and Ward's triangle (r = -0.2, P = 0.0008), suggesting that the distribution of 25OHD levels in the cohort is below the threshold needed for maintaining normal BMD. On the other hand, number of pregnancies and total duration of lactation correlated with weight-matched BMD Z scores at the spine (r = -0.17, P = 0.003; r = -0.1, P = 0.08, respectively). We conclude that BMD in healthy Saudi females is significantly lower than in their USA counterparts. This may be due in part to increased number of pregnancies and longer duration of lactation together with prevalent vitamin D deficiency. http://link.springer-ny.com/link/service/journals/00223/bibs /65n1p23. html; PIP: This paper examines the relationship between bone mineral density (BMD) of the spine and femur and vitamin D status, pregnancy, and lactation among women in Saudi Arabia. The aims of the study are the following: 1) establish normative data for BMD at the anterio-posterior lumbar spine and femur using dual x-ray absorptiometry; 2) compare the BMD of Saudi females and their US counterparts; and 3) examine the relation of BMD to vitamin D status, pregnancy, and lactation. Samples included 321 healthy Saudi females recruited from the city of Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. Results suggest that the mean standard deviation (SD) of age, body mass index, number of pregnancies, and total duration of lactation were, respectively, 35.4 +or- 11.3 years, 26.5 +or- 5.2 kg/sq. m, 3.1 +or- 3.1, and 23.7 +or- 42.4 months. Mean +or- SD of serum calcium, 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25OHD), and PTH levels were 2.37 +or- 0.09 mmol/liter, 24.5 +or- 17.2 nmol/liter, and 52.0 +or- 30.8 pg/ml, respectively. Peak BMD values were observed around age 35 years at the spine and earlier at the femur. Compared with US females, Saudi females had lower weight-matched Z scores at the spine, femoral neck, and Ward's triangle. On the other hand, the number of pregnancies and total duration of lactation correlated with weight-matched BMD Z scores at the spine. This made the BMD in healthy Saudi females significantly lower than their US counterparts. This may due to the increase number of pregnancies and longer duration of lactation together with prevalent vitamin D deficiency. Descriptors Absorptiometry, Photon, Adolescent, Adult, Aged, Bone Density, Calcium/blood, Child, Female, Femur Neck/metabolism/radiography, Humans, Lactation/physiology, Lumbar Vertebrae/metabolism/radiography, Middle Aged, Parathyroid Hormone/blood, Pregnancy/physiology, Reference Values, Saudi Arabia, United States, Vitamin D/blood, Arab Countries, Asia, Biology, Clinical Research, Deficiency Diseases--women, Developing Countries, Diseases, Lactation, Maternal Physiology, Micronutrients, Nutrition Disorders, Osteoporosis--women, Physiology, Pregnancy, Reproduction, Research Methodology, Research Report, Skeletal Effects--women, Vitamins, Western Asia, Women Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Ghannam,N. N., Hammami,M. M., Bakheet,S. M., Khan,B. A. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic PMCID Editors
Electroencephalography and magnetic resonance imaging after diving and decompression incidents: a controlled study	1999	Research Institute of Military Medicine, Naval Department, Helsinki, Finland.	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Undersea & hyperbaric medicine : journal of the Undersea and Hyperbaric Medical Society, Inc Periodical, Abbrev. Undersea Hyperb.Med. Pub Date Free Form Summer Volume 26 Issue 2 Start Page 61 Other Pages 65 Notes LR: 20041117; JID: 9312954; ppublish Place of Publication UNITED STATES ISSN/ISBN 1066-2936; 1066-2936 Accession Number PMID: 10372424 Language eng SubFile Journal Article; IM; S DOI Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 10372424 Abstract Electroencephalography and magnetic resonance imaging after diving and decompression incidents: a controlled study. Undersea Hyper Med 1999.; 26(2):61-65.--Diving incidents with symptoms of decompression sickness (DCS) and/or arterial gas emboli (AGE) might increase the degree of pathologic change in the electroencephalogram (EEG) or magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the supraspinal central nervous system (CNS). Diving itself, even without known symptoms of DCS and/or AGE, has been proposed to increase the number of CNS lesions using either EEG or MRI. In the first part of a two-part study we examined the effects of recompression treatment on EEG in decompression incidents in a group of sport and professional divers compared with a control group of healthy naval divers. In the second part we recorded brain MRI from three groups of volunteers: 1) divers who were treated for DCS in pressure chamber, 2) divers who had never had symptoms of DCS (and/or AGE), and 3) healthy normal controls who were not divers. Our results indicate that DCS increases the incidence of pathologic EEG recordings, whereas recompression treatment decreases them. The results of MRI do not verify evidence of increased numbers of CNS lesions in normal divers as compared to non-diving, healthy control subjects, whereas some of the divers treated for DCS in a pressure chamber had hyperintense lesions in brain white matter. None of them had any abnormalities in EEG, neurologic performance, or psychologic behavior. Both EEG and MRI are sensitive and non-specific methods for judging suspected evidence of brain lesions from diving or diving accidents. Descriptors Adult, Case-Control Studies, Decompression Sickness/physiopathology/therapy, Diving/physiology, Electroencephalography, Embolism, Air/physiopathology, High Pressure Neurological Syndrome/physiopathology, Humans, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Male, Middle Aged Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Sipinen,S. A., Ahovuo,J., Halonen,J. P. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic PMCID Editors
The indigenous Sea Gypsy divers of Thailand's west coast: measurement of carbon monoxide in the breathing air	1999	International Labor Office, Geneva, Switzerland.	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Applied Occupational and Environmental Hygiene Periodical, Abbrev. Appl.Occup.Environ.Hyg. Pub Date Free Form Jul Volume 14 Issue 7 Start Page 488 Other Pages 495 Notes LR: 20131121; JID: 9103256; 0 (Air Pollutants, Occupational); 7U1EE4V452 (Carbon Monoxide); ppublish Place of Publication ENGLAND ISSN/ISBN 1047-322X; 1047-322X Accession Number PMID: 10461405 Language eng SubFile Journal Article; IM DOI Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 10461405 Abstract Approximately 400 indigenous divers live and work on Thailand's west coast. They dive with surface supplied air from primitive compressor units mounted on open boats which measure from seven to 11 meters in length. It was suspected that carbon monoxide was present in the breathing air of at least the gasoline-driven compressor units. To determine the presence of carbon monoxide gas in the breathing air, compressed air from the compressor was pumped through the diver air supply hose through a plenum (monitoring) chamber established on the boat. After a compressor warm-up of 15 minutes, the diving air was measured with the boat at eight different bearings to the wind, each 45 degrees apart at intervals of five minutes. Three of the four gasoline-driven compressor units tested showed presence of carbon monoxide in the breathing air. One diesel-driven unit showed a very low concentration of carbon monoxide (3-4 ppm) and six diesel-driven units showed no detectable carbon monoxide. Although not tested, diesel exhaust emissions could also enter the breathing air by the same route. A locally made modification to the compressor air intake was designed and successfully tested on one gasoline-driven compressor unit. An information sheet on the hazards of carbon monoxide as well as on the modification has been developed for distribution among the villages. Descriptors Air/analysis, Air Pollutants, Occupational/analysis, Carbon Monoxide/analysis, Diving, Equipment Safety, Humans, Occupational Exposure/prevention & control, Thailand Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Gold,D., Geater,A., Aiyarak,S., Juengpraert,W. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic PMCID Editors
Barrett's esophagus: a surgical disease	1999	Department of Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California 94143-0788, USA.	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Journal of gastrointestinal surgery : official journal of the Society for Surgery of the Alimentary Tract Periodical, Abbrev. J.Gastrointest.Surg. Pub Date Free Form Jul-Aug Volume 3 Issue 4 Start Page 397 Other Pages 403; discussion 403-4 Notes LR: 20041117; JID: 9706084; ppublish Place of Publication UNITED STATES ISSN/ISBN 1091-255X; 1091-255X Accession Number PMID: 10482692 Language eng SubFile Journal Article; IM DOI S1091255X99800560 [pii] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 10482692 Abstract Barrett's metaplasia can develop in patients with gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD), and metaplasia can evolve into dysplasia and adenocarcinoma. The optimal treatment for Barrett's metaplasia and dysplasia is still being debated. The study reported herein was designed to assess the following: (1) the incidence of Barrett's metaplasia among patients with GERD; (2) the ability of laparoscopic fundoplication to control symptoms in patients with Barrett's metaplasia; (3) the results of esophagectomy in patients with high-grade dysplasia; and (4) the character of endoscopic follow-up programs of patients with Barrett's disease being managed by physicians throughout a large geographic region (northern California). Five-hundred thirty-five patients evaluated between October 1989 and February 1997 at the University of California San Francisco Swallowing Center had a diagnosis of GERD established by upper gastrointestinal series, endoscopy, manometry, and pH monitoring. Thirty-eight symptomatic patients with GERD and Barrett's metaplasia underwent laparoscopic fundoplication. Eleven other consecutive patients with high-grade dysplasia underwent transhiatal esophagectomies. Barrett's metaplasia was present in 72 (13%) of the 535 patients with GERD. The following results were achieved in patients who underwent laparoscopic fundoplication (n = 38): Heartburn resolved in 95% of patients, regurgitation in 93% of patients, and cough in 100% of patients. With regard to transhiatal esophagectomy (n = 11), the average duration of the operation was 339 +/- 89 minutes. The only significant complications were two esophageal anastomotic leaks, both of which resolved without sequelae. Mean hospital stay was 14 +/- 5 days. There were no deaths. The specimens showed high-grade dysplasia in seven patients and invasive adenocarcinoma (undiagnosed preoperatively) in four (36%). These results can be summarized as follows: (1) Barrett's metaplasia was present in 13% of patients with GERD being evaluated at a busy diagnostic center; (2) laparoscopic fundoplication was highly successful in controlling symptoms of GERD in patients with Barrett's metaplasia; (3) in patients with high-grade dysplasia esophagectomy was performed safely (invasive cancer had eluded preoperative endoscopic biopsies in one third of these patients); and (4) even though periodic endoscopic examination of Barrett's disease is universally recommended, this was actually done in fewer than two thirds of patients being managed by a large number of independent physicians in this geographic area. Descriptors Adenocarcinoma/pathology, Adult, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Anastomosis, Surgical/adverse effects, Barrett Esophagus/etiology/pathology/surgery, California, Cough/therapy, Esophageal Neoplasms/pathology, Esophagectomy/adverse effects, Esophagoscopy, Esophagus/pathology, Female, Follow-Up Studies, Fundoplication, Gastroesophageal Reflux/complications, Heartburn/therapy, Humans, Hydrogen-Ion Concentration, Incidence, Laparoscopy, Length of Stay, Male, Manometry, Metaplasia, Middle Aged, Monitoring, Ambulatory, Time Factors Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Patti,M. G., Arcerito,M., Feo,C. V., Worth,S., De Pinto,M., Gibbs,V. C., Gantert,W., Tyrrell,D., Ferrell,L. F., Way,L. W. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic PMCID Editors
Topographical characteristics and shear bond strength of tooth surfaces cut with a laser-powered hydrokinetic system	1999	Department of Biomaterials Science, University of the Pacific School of Dentistry, San Francisco, CA 94115, USA.	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full The Journal of prosthetic dentistry Periodical, Abbrev. J.Prosthet.Dent. Pub Date Free Form Oct Volume 82 Issue 4 Start Page 451 Other Pages 455 Notes LR: 20141120; JID: 0376364; 0 (Composite Resins); ppublish Place of Publication UNITED STATES ISSN/ISBN 0022-3913; 0022-3913 Accession Number PMID: 10512965 Language eng SubFile Comparative Study; Journal Article; D; IM; S DOI S0022391399002486 [pii] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 10512965 Abstract STATEMENT OF PROBLEM: Erbium lasers, specifically Er;YAG and Er, Cr;YSGG that emit in the near red wavelengths, cut both enamel and dentine. Bonding to these cut surfaces with composites has not been assessed for all laser systems. PURPOSE: This investigation assessed the shear bond strength of composite bonded to tooth structure treated with an Er,Cr;YSGG-powered hydrokinetic system (HKS, Millennium system) and then was compared with surfaces treated with a carbide bur. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Extracted human molars were cut into enamel and dentin with both systems. Nonetched and acid-etched subgroups were evaluated. Shear bond strength was measured with an Instron test machine with a knife-edge loading head. In addition, SEMs were evaluated. RESULTS: There were no significant differences in shear bond strength between etched bur cut (23.3 +/- 2.5 MPa), etched laser-cut enamel (23.7 +/- 4.5 MPa), and nonetched laser-cut enamel (20.5 +/- 2.8 MPa). For nonetched enamel, bond strength values for laser-cut surfaces were significantly higher than the bur-cut surfaces (8.7 +/- 4.3 MPa). Bond strength differences for dentin between bur (14.3 +/- 1.7 MPa) and laser cuts (11.5 +/- 4.3 MPa) were not significant (P =.03). SEM revealed that laser cutting of enamel did not cause formation of a smear layer. CONCLUSION: There were no significant differences in shear bond strength between etched bur-cut, etched laser-cut, and nonetched laser-cut enamel. With nonetched enamel, bond strength values for nonetched laser-cut surfaces were significantly higher than for the bur-cut surfaces. No bond strength differences between bur and laser cutting existed for dentin. Similar topography was observed for bur and laser prepared surfaces of etched enamel and nonetched dentin. Descriptors Acid Etching, Dental, Composite Resins, Dental Enamel/physiology/surgery/ultrastructure, Dental High-Speed Equipment, Dentin/physiology/surgery/ultrastructure, Humans, In Vitro Techniques, Laser Therapy/instrumentation/methods, Microscopy, Electron, Scanning, Molar, Stress, Mechanical, Surface Properties, Tooth/physiology/surgery/ultrastructure Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Lin,S., Caputo,A. A., Eversole,L. R., Rizoiu,I. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic PMCID Editors
Self-etching primer vs phosphoric acid: an alternative concept for composite-to-enamel bonding	1999	University of Kiel, Clinic of Operative Dentistry and Periodontology, Germany.	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Operative dentistry Periodical, Abbrev. Oper.Dent. Pub Date Free Form May-Jun Volume 24 Issue 3 Start Page 172 Other Pages 180 Notes LR: 20131121; JID: 7605679; 0 (Clearfil Liner Bond 2); 0 (Composite Resins); 0 (Dental Cements); 0 (Dentin-Bonding Agents); 0 (Diphosphates); 0 (Etch&Prime); 0 (Methacrylates); 0 (Monobond S); 0 (Phosphoric Acids); 0 (Polymers); 3K9958V90M (Ethanol); Place of Publication UNITED STATES ISSN/ISBN 0361-7734; 0361-7734 Accession Number PMID: 10530279 Language eng SubFile Comparative Study; Journal Article; D DOI Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 10530279 Abstract The purpose of this in vitro study was (1) to investigate the composite-to-enamel bond strength and (2) to analyze the marginal adaptation of resin composite restorations in class 2 cavities using three self-etching priming agents in comparison to conventional phosphoric acid etching and bonding application. In the first part of the study 24 extracted bovine incisors were embedded in acrylic resin and ground flat with 800-grit paper. The following three self-etching priming agents/composite resins were applied to the enamel surfaces of six teeth each: Clearfil Liner Bond 2/Clearfil AP-X (Group I), Etch & Prime 3.0/Degufill mineral (Group II), Resulcin AquaPrime + MonoBond/Ecusit (Group III). In Group IV Ecusit-Mono/Ecusit was used after enamel etching with phosphoric acid (37%). Shear bond strength values measured on a T22 K testing machine at a crosshead speed of 1 mm/min were: 24.2 +/- 3.0 MPa (Group I), 21.9 +/- 1.4 MPa (II), 34.0 +/- 3.6 MPa (III), and 26.3 +/- 1.8 MPa (IV). ANOVA revealed significant (P < 0.05) differences in shear bond strength between groups, except comparison of Group I and II, and Group I and IV. In the second part of the study 24 standardized class 2 cavity preparations with the approximal box extending 1 mm above the CEJ were prepared in extracted human molars. Enamel margins were beveled and the teeth were divided into four groups of six teeth each. Cavities were restored using the self-etching priming agents Clearfil Liner Bond 2 (Group I), Etch & Prime 3.0 (Group II), and Resulcin AquaPrime + MonoBond (Group III). In Group IV composite resin restorations were placed after 37% phosphoric acid etching and bonding application (Ecusit-Mono). Quantitative SEM analysis of the marginal adaptation of the restorations after thermocycling (5-55 degrees C, 2500 cycles) and mechanical loading (100 N, 500,000 cycles) revealed excellent, gap-free margins in 91.2% (Group I), 93.0% (Group II), 92.0% (Group III), and 92.5% (Group IV) of the restorations' approximal area. There were no statistically significant differences between the four groups (P < 0.05). In conclusion, results of the present in vitro study indicate that use of self-etching primers may be an alternative to conventional phosphoric acid pre-treatment in composite-to-enamel bonding restorative techniques. Descriptors Acid Etching, Dental, Animals, Cattle, Composite Resins, Dental Bonding/methods, Dental Cements, Dental Enamel, Dental Marginal Adaptation, Dental Restoration, Permanent/methods, Dentin-Bonding Agents, Diphosphates, Ethanol, Humans, Materials Testing, Methacrylates, Microscopy, Electron, Scanning, Phosphoric Acids, Polymers/chemistry, Tensile Strength Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Hannig,M., Reinhardt,K. J., Bott,B. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic PMCID Editors
The diagnosis and management of Barrett's esophagus	1999	University of Southern California School of Medicine, Los Angeles, USA.	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Advances in Surgery Periodical, Abbrev. Adv.Surg. Pub Date Free Form Volume 33 Issue Start Page 29 Other Pages 68 Notes LR: 20091111; JID: 0045335; RF: 93; ppublish Place of Publication UNITED STATES ISSN/ISBN 0065-3411; 0065-3411 Accession Number PMID: 10572561 Language eng SubFile Journal Article; Review; IM DOI Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 10572561 Abstract Since its description in the 1950s, the definition of Barrett's esophagus has evolved from the macroscopic visualization of gastric-appearing mucosa in the esophagus to the histologic identification of goblet cells confirming the presence of intestinal metaplasia within the esophagus. The length of intestinal metaplasia necessary to be classified as Barrett's, and the relationship between intestinal metaplasia of the esophagus and that limited to the cardia are all areas currently being evaluated. However, any segment of intestinal metaplasia is capable of undergoing dysplastic change and ultimately of becoming a focus of adenocarcinoma. It is logical to expect the degree of risk for developing cancer to be proportional to the amount of intestinal metaplasia present; however, within a population, the low risk to any individual is balanced by the relative frequency of the process. Thus, given the large numbers of people in America with CIM, even a small risk of progression to cancer will result in a large number of patients with adenocarcinoma of the cardia. This is exactly what is occurring today, with the incidence of adenocarcinoma of the cardia and esophagus currently rising faster than any other cancer in the United States. A major risk factor for adenocarcinoma of the esophagus is intestinal metaplasia, which occurs as a consequence of GERD. Patients with Barrett's esophagus usually have more severe reflux disease with significant impairment of LES function and esophageal body motility compared with patients without Barrett's. Furthermore, in patients with Barrett's, the composition of the refluxed juice is different. Patients who reflux both gastric and duodenal juice have a higher prevalence of Barrett's than do those who reflux gastric juice alone. Among patients with Barrett's, a significantly greater esophageal bilirubin exposure has been demonstrated in those with dysplasia. The mechanically defective sphincter and impaired esophageal body function in many patients with Barrett's makes their disease difficult to control medically. In addition, symptoms are unreliable as a guide to successful control of reflux. The hardest symptom to control is regurgitation, and there is concern that this and continued reflux of pharmacologically altered gastric contents, particularly bile acids in their nonpolar form, may contribute to progression of Barrett's. Both medical therapy and failed antireflux surgery are associated with progression of Barrett's to dysplasia and adenocarcinoma. On the other hand, a functioning fundoplication seems to be associated with protection from progression of Barrett's. Intestinal metaplasia of the esophagus is unlikely to regress after antireflux surgery; however, intestinal metaplasia limited to the cardia is perhaps more dynamic and able to regress. Furthermore, low-grade dysplasia frequently regresses after an antireflux procedure. Antireflux surgery is safe, effective, and durable, and often can be performed using minimally invasive techniques. Thus, antireflux surgery should be strongly considered in any patient with intestinal metaplasia of the esophagus or cardia. The possibility of mucosal ablation after an antireflux repair should be considered in patients with low-grade dysplasia. Patients with Barrett's and high-grade dysplasia are at high risk for having a focus of adenocarcinoma present. Even with multiple biopsies, a degree of sampling error exists. Also, adenocarcinoma can develop within the space of several months; and if the cancer is allowed to invade into the submucosa, 50% of these patients will have lymphatic metastases, thereby negating the purpose of surveillance. Although patients with high-grade dysplasia and intramucosal adenocarcinoma on biopsy who do not have an endoscopically visible lesion are unlikely to have lymphatic metastases, 7% do have submucosal invasion. Thus, even in these very early tumors, treatment directed Descriptors Adenocarcinoma/diagnosis/pathology/surgery, Barrett Esophagus/diagnosis/pathology/surgery, Cell Transformation, Neoplastic/pathology, Esophageal Neoplasms/diagnosis/pathology/surgery, Esophagus/pathology/surgery, Humans, Precancerous Conditions/diagnosis/pathology/surgery, Prognosis Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors DeMeester,S. R., DeMeester,T. R. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic PMCID Editors
Polyphasic study of the spatial distribution of microorganisms in Mexican pozol, a fermented maize dough, demonstrates the need for cultivation-independent methods to investigate traditional fermentations	1999	Laboratoire de Biotechnologie Microbienne Tropicale, Institut de Recherche pour le Developpement, F-34032 Montpellier cedex 1, France. Frederic.Ampe@mpl.ird.fr	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Applied and Environmental Microbiology Periodical, Abbrev. Appl.Environ.Microbiol. Pub Date Free Form Dec Volume 65 Issue 12 Start Page 5464 Other Pages 5473 Notes LR: 20140615; GENBANK/AF138777; GENBANK/AF138778; GENBANK/AF138779; GENBANK/AF138780; GENBANK/AF138781; GENBANK/AF138782; GENBANK/AF138783; GENBANK/AF138784; GENBANK/AF138785; GENBANK/AF138786; GENBANK/AF138787; GENBANK/AF138788; JID: 7605801; 0 (DNA, Bac Place of Publication UNITED STATES ISSN/ISBN 0099-2240; 0099-2240 Accession Number PMID: 10584005 Language eng SubFile Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; IM DOI Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 10584005 Abstract The distribution of microorganisms in pozol balls, a fermented maize dough, was investigated by a polyphasic approach in which we used both culture-dependent and culture-independent methods, including microbial enumeration, fermentation product analysis, quantification of microbial taxa with 16S rRNA-targeted oligonucleotide probes, determination of microbial fingerprints by denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE), and 16S ribosomal DNA gene sequencing. Our results demonstrate that DGGE fingerprinting and rRNA quantification should allow workers to precisely and rapidly characterize the microbial assemblage in a spontaneous lactic acid fermented food. Lactic acid bacteria (LAB) accounted for 90 to 97% of the total active microflora; no streptococci were isolated, although members of the genus Streptococcus accounted for 25 to 50% of the microflora. Lactobacillus plantarum and Lactobacillus fermentum, together with members of the genera Leuconostoc and Weissella, were the other dominant organisms. The overall activity was more important at the periphery of a ball, where eucaryotes, enterobacteria, and bacterial exopolysacharide producers developed. Our results also showed that the metabolism of heterofermentative LAB was influenced in situ by the distribution of the LAB in the pozol ball, whereas homolactic fermentation was controlled primarily by sugar limitation. We propose that starch is first degraded by amylases from LAB and that the resulting sugars, together with the lactate produced, allow a secondary flora to develop in the presence of oxygen. Our results strongly suggest that cultivation-independent methods should be used to study traditional fermented foods. Descriptors Agriculture/methods, Bacteria/classification/genetics/isolation & purification, DNA Fingerprinting, DNA, Bacterial/genetics, DNA, Ribosomal/genetics, Fermentation, Mexico, Polymerase Chain Reaction, RNA, Bacterial/genetics, RNA, Ribosomal, 16S/genetics, Zea mays/microbiology Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Ampe,F., ben Omar,N., Moizan,C., Wacher,C., Guyot,J. P. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic PMCID PMC91745 Editors

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