WTS database

Title	Pub Year	Author Sort descending	SearchLink
Evaluation of occupational health hazards associated with inks used in printing processes at Jang Group of Newspapers, Lahore	2007	Bhatti, A.M., Health Services, EPI, Punjab, Lahore	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Medical Forum Monthly Periodical, Abbrev. Med.Forum Monthly Pub Date Free Form / Volume 18 Issue 7 Start Page 10 Other Pages 13 Notes Place of Publication ISSN/ISBN 1029-385X Accession Number Language SubFile DOI Output Language Unknown(0) PMID Abstract Introduction:- Mutual communication requires a media and printing is one of the effective and easily diffusible media for communication. During the last few years, revolutionary changes have taken place in communication technology. It is essential for the expansion and development of education and for dissemination of all theories, ideas, inventions and discoveries of mankind. Objective:- To evaluate the occupational health hazards associated with inks used in printing processes at Jang Group of Newspapers, Lahore. Material and methods:- This cross sectional study was conducted on 50 workers who were directly in the use of ink during the period from 1999 to 2000. The concentrations of various chemical are estimated with the help of absorption and adsorption of the air pump by personal sampler and high volume air samples. The air is sucked through glass fiber filter and a column of 10 ml of carbon tetra chloride in a hubble bubble tube. Results:- Time of exposure is 0-5 years and in most of the cases the forced expiratory volume in one second is 70% + 5 but peak expiratory flow rate is markedly decreased which shows that lung functions are deteriorated to a considerable extent. As the time of exposure increases that is from 6 to 10 years, 11-15 years and 16-20 years, the lung functions steadily decreases by the increase in the time of exposure and extent of deteriorating in lung functions. Descriptors glass fiber, ink, absorption, adsorption, adult, air sampling, article, clinical article, cross-sectional study, forced expiratory volume, health hazard, human, lung function, occupational exposure, occupational hazard, printing Links Book Title Database Embase Publisher Data Source Embase Authors Bhatti,A. M., Faridi,I. A. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic PMCID Editors
Concerning the request for a license to exploit water piped from the spring of natural mineral water called "Des Etuves" located at Digne (Basses-Alpes)	1967	Binet, L.	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Bulletin de l'AcadÃ©mie nationale de mÃ©decine Periodical, Abbrev. Bull.Acad.Natl.Med. Pub Date Free Form / Volume 151 Issue 3 Start Page 58 Other Pages 64 Notes Place of Publication ISSN/ISBN 0001-4079 Accession Number Language SubFile DOI Output Language Unknown(0) PMID Abstract Descriptors mineral water, article, France, standard Links Book Title Concernant la demande d'autorisation d'exploitation aprÃ¨s transport Ã distance, de l'eau de la source d'eau minÃ©rale naturelle dite "des Etuves" situÃ©e Ã Digne (Basses-Alpes) Database MEDLINE Publisher Data Source Embase Authors Binet,L. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic PMCID Editors
Detection of CTX-M-15, CTX-M-22, and SHV-2 extended-spectrum beta-lactamases (ESBLs) in Escherichia coli fecal-sample isolates from pig farms in China	2009	Bioengineering Research Center for Animal Disease Prevention and Control, Sichuan University, Chengdu, P.R. China.	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Foodborne pathogens and disease Periodical, Abbrev. Foodborne Pathog.Dis. Pub Date Free Form Apr Volume 6 Issue 3 Start Page 297 Other Pages 304 Notes JID: 101120121; 0 (DNA, Bacterial); 0 (Escherichia coli Proteins); EC 3.5.2.- (beta-lactamase CTX-M-15); EC 3.5.2.- (beta-lactamase SHV-2); EC 3.5.2.6 (beta-Lactamases); EC 3.5.2.6 (beta-lactamase CTX-M-22, E coli); ppublish Place of Publication United States ISSN/ISBN 1556-7125; 1535-3141 Accession Number PMID: 19272004 Language eng SubFile Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; IM DOI 10.1089/fpd.2008.0164 [doi] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 19272004 Abstract The aim of the present study was to investigate the antibiotic resistance profiles and the molecular epidemiology of extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL)-producing Escherichia coli isolates from two production swine operations in Sichuan Province, China, between August 2002 and February 2007. The prevalence of ESBL-producing E. coli increased dramatically from 2.2% to 10.7% during this period. This increase appeared mostly related to dissemination of CTX-M-type ESBLs among E. coli isolates. Of 212 E. coli isolates studied, 14 harbored ESBL genes. Among them, 13 harbored bla(CTX-M-15/22) and one harbored bla(SHV-2). To our knowledge, this is the first study to identify bla(CTX-M-22) from production animals. One isolate in 2002 harbored bla(SHV-2), indicating that ESBL genes have been present in farm animals in China since at least 2002. Molecular characterization and pulsed-field gel electrophoresis of the ESBL-producing isolates suggested that different mechanisms may be involved in the dissemination of the CTX-M genes and revealed that additional resistance determinants for non-beta-lactam antibiotics were carried by plasmids encoding certain ESBL genes. Results of this study provide an example of how ESBL genes, particularly those of CTX-M lineages, are rapidly spreading among E. coli isolates from commercial pig farms in Sichuan province of China. Descriptors Agriculture, Animals, Base Sequence, China, Conjugation, Genetic, DNA, Bacterial/analysis, Drug Resistance, Bacterial, Electrophoresis, Gel, Pulsed-Field, Escherichia coli/enzymology/genetics/isolation & purification, Escherichia coli Proteins/analysis/genetics, Feces/microbiology, Plasmids/genetics, Polymerase Chain Reaction, Swine/microbiology, beta-Lactam Resistance/genetics, beta-Lactamases/analysis/genetics Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Tian,G. B., Wang,H. N., Zou,L. K., Tang,J. N., Zhao,Y. W., Ye,M. Y., Tang,J. Y., Zhang,Y., Zhang,A. Y., Yang,X., Xu,C. W., Fu,Y. J. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic PMCID Editors
Genotoxicity of waterpipe smoke in buccal cells and peripheral blood leukocytes as determined by comet assay	2014	Biological Sciences Department, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University , Jeddah , Saudi Arabia and.	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Inhalation toxicology Periodical, Abbrev. Inhal.Toxicol. Pub Date Free Form Dec Volume 26 Issue 14 Start Page 891 Other Pages 896 Notes LR: 20151119; JID: 8910739; 0 (5-hydroxymethyl-2-furancarboxaldehyde); 0 (Benzaldehydes); 0 (Furans); 0 (Pyrones); 0 (Smoke); 6M3C89ZY6R (Nicotine); YC9ST449YJ (ethyl vanillin); OTO: NOTNLM; 2014/10/30 [aheadofprint]; ppublish Place of Publication England ISSN/ISBN 1091-7691; 0895-8378 Accession Number PMID: 25357232 Language eng SubFile Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; IM DOI 10.3109/08958378.2014.970787 [doi] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 25357232 Abstract CONTEXT: Waterpipe smoke causes DNA damage in peripheral blood leukocytes and in buccal cells of smokers. OBJECTIVE: To determine the exposure effect of waterpipe smoke on buccal cells and peripheral blood leukocytes in regard to DNA damage using comet assay. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The waterpipe smoke condensates were analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The study was performed on 20 waterpipe smokers. To perform comet assay on bucaal cells of smokers, 10 microl of cell suspension was mixed with 85 microl of pre-warmed 1% low melting agarose, applied to comet slide and electrophoresed. To analyze the effect of smoke condensate in vitro, 1 ml of peripheral blood was mixed with 10 microl of smoke condensate and subjected for comet assay. RESULTS: The GC-MS analysis revealed the presence of 2,3-dihydro-3,5-dihydroxy-6-methyl-4H-pyran-4on, nicotine, hydroxymethyl furancarboxaldehyde and 3-ethoxy-4-hydroxybenzaldehyde in the smoke condensates. Waterpipe smoking caused DNA damage in vivo in buccal cells of smokers. The tail moment and tail length in buccal cells of smokers were 186 +/- 26 and 456 +/- 71, respectively, which are higher than control. The jurak and moassel smoke condensates were found to cause DNA damage in peripheral blood leukocytes. The moassel smoke condensate was more damaging. DISCUSSION: There is wide misconception that waterpipe smoking is not as harmful as cigarette smoking. This study demonstrated that waterpipe smoke induced DNA damage in exposed cells. CONCLUSION: Waterpipe smokes cause DNA damage in buccal cells. The smoke condensate of both jurak and moassel caused comet formation suggesting DNA damage in peripheral blood leukocytes. Descriptors Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Al-Amrah,H.J., Aboznada,O.A., Alam,M.Z., ElAssouli,M.Z., Mujallid,M.I., ElAssouli,S.M. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic 20141030 PMCID Editors
Microbial population present in fermented beverage 'cauim' produced by Brazilian Amerindians	2007	Biology Department, Federal University of Lavras, 37200-000, Lavras, MG, Brazil.	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full International journal of food microbiology Periodical, Abbrev. Int.J.Food Microbiol. Pub Date Free Form 30-Nov Volume 120 Issue 2-Jan Start Page 146 Other Pages 151 Notes LR: 20151119; JID: 8412849; 3K9958V90M (Ethanol); 2006/08/24 [received]; 2007/06/04 [revised]; 2007/06/12 [accepted]; 2007/08/23 [aheadofprint]; ppublish Place of Publication Netherlands ISSN/ISBN 0168-1605; 0168-1605 Accession Number PMID: 17888538 Language eng SubFile Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; IM DOI S0168-1605(07)00455-2 [pii] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 17888538 Abstract The Tapirape Amerindians of the Tapi'itawa tribe produce several fermented foods and beverages among them the beverage called 'cauim'. This beverage is the main staple food for infants until two years old and their parents. For producing the beverage, several substrates are used, such as: cassava, rice, corn, maize and peanuts. The fermentation using mainly cassava was accomplished and samples were collected for chemical and microbiological analysis. A progressive acidification during the fermentation was observed and pH value decreased from 5.5 to 3.4. Lactic acid was the most important fermentation metabolite found but significant amounts of ethanol and acetic acid were also observed. The microbial load was high at the beginning of the fermentation, bacterial population was about 6.8 log cfu/ml and yeast population was 3.7 log cfu/ml. A total of 355 bacteria were isolated and identified. All the isolates were grouped into Gram-negative (3.5%), Gram-positive non-sporulating (78%) and Gram-positive sporulating bacteria (18.5%). Lactic acid bacteria increased from the beginning of fermentation and became the dominant microorganism throughout the fermentation. Species of bacteria were varied and they were found to be Lactobacillus pentosus, L. plantarum, Corynebacterium xerosis, C. amylocolatum, C. vitarumen, Bacillus cereus, B. licheniformis, B. pumilus, B. circulans and Paenibacillus macerans. The species L. pentosus and L. plantarum were the dominant bacteria and were present in all the periods of evaluation of the samples. Descriptors Beverages/microbiology, Brazil, Colony Count, Microbial, Edible Grain/microbiology, Ethanol/analysis, Fermentation, Food Handling/methods, Food Microbiology, Hydrogen-Ion Concentration, Lactobacillus/growth & development/isolation & purification, Manihot/microbiology, Time Factors Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Almeida,E. G., Rachid,C. C., Schwan,R. F. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic 20070823 PMCID Editors
Doppler bubble grades after diving and relevance of body fat	2012	Biomedical Engineering and Physics, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, The Netherlands. n.a.schellart@amc.uva.nl	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Aviation, Space, and Environmental Medicine Periodical, Abbrev. Aviat.Space Environ.Med. Pub Date Free Form Oct Volume 83 Issue 10 Start Page 951 Other Pages 957 Notes LR: 20140131; JID: 7501714; CIN: Aviat Space Environ Med. 2014 Jan;85(1):84-5. PMID: 24479268; CIN: Aviat Space Environ Med. 2014 Jan;85(1):84. PMID: 24479267; ppublish Place of Publication United States ISSN/ISBN 0095-6562; 0095-6562 Accession Number PMID: 23066616 Language eng SubFile Journal Article; IM; S DOI Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 23066616 Abstract BACKGROUND: From the literature on venous gas embolism (VGE) and decompression sickness (DCS), it remains unclear whether body fat is a predisposing factor for VGE and DCS. Therefore, this study analyses body fat (range 16-44%) in relation to precordial VGE measured by Doppler bubble grades. Also examined is the effect of age (range 34-68 yr), body mass index (BMI; range 17-34 kg x m(-2)), and a model estimate of VO2(max) (maximal oxygen uptake; range 24-54 ml x kg(-1) x min(-1)). METHODS: Bubble grades were determined in 43 recreational divers after an open sea air dive of 40 min to 20 m. Doppler bubble grade scores were transformed to the logarithm of the number of bubbles/cm2, logB, and the logarithm of the Kissman Integrated Severity Score (KISS) to allow numerical analysis. Statistical analyses were performed with Pearson's regular and partial correlations, and uni- and multivariate linear regressions. RESULTS: For divers in their midlife (and older), the analyses indicate that neither body fat nor BMI stimulate bubble formation, since correlations were nonsignificant. In contrast, age and especially VO2(max) appeared to determine VGE. For these types of dives it was found that logB = -1.1 + 0.02 age - 0.04Vo2(max). CONCLUSION: Based on these data we conclude that body fat and BMI seem less relevant for diving. We recommend that medical examinations pay more attention to VO2(max) and age, and that international dive institutions come to a consensus regarding VO2(max) criteria. Descriptors Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Schellart,N.A., Vellinga,T.P., van Dijk,F.J., Sterk,W. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic PMCID Editors
Synergistic activity of the tyrocidines, antimicrobial cyclodecapeptides from Bacillus aneurinolyticus, with amphotericin B and caspofungin against Candida albicans biofilms	2014	BIOPEP Peptide Group, Department of Biochemistry, Science Faculty, University of Stellenbosch, Stellenbosch, South Africa.; BIOPEP Peptide Group, Department of Biochemistry, Science Faculty, University of Stellenbosch, Stellenbosch, South Africa.; Centre	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy Periodical, Abbrev. Antimicrob.Agents Chemother. Pub Date Free Form Jul Volume 58 Issue 7 Start Page 3697 Other Pages 3707 Notes LR: 20150113; CI: Copyright (c) 2014; JID: 0315061; 0 (Antifungal Agents); 0 (Echinocandins); 0 (Peptides); 0 (Reactive Oxygen Species); 0 (Tyrocidine); 7XU7A7DROE (Amphotericin B); F0XDI6ZL63 (caspofungin); OID: NLM: PMC4068576; 2014/04/21 [aheadofprint] Place of Publication United States ISSN/ISBN 1098-6596; 0066-4804 Accession Number PMID: 24752256 Language eng SubFile Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; IM DOI 10.1128/AAC.02381-14 [doi] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 24752256 Abstract Tyrocidines are cationic cyclodecapeptides from Bacillus aneurinolyticus that are characterized by potent antibacterial and antimalarial activities. In this study, we show that various tyrocidines have significant activity against planktonic Candida albicans in the low-micromolar range. These tyrocidines also prevented C. albicans biofilm formation in vitro. Studies with the membrane-impermeable dye propidium iodide showed that the tyrocidines disrupt the membrane integrity of mature C. albicans biofilm cells. This membrane activity correlated with the permeabilization and rapid lysis of model fungal membranes containing phosphatidylcholine and ergosterol (70:30 ratio) induced by the tyrocidines. The tyrocidines exhibited pronounced synergistic biofilm-eradicating activity in combination with two key antifungal drugs, amphotericin B and caspofungin. Using a Caenorhabditis elegans infection model, we found that tyrocidine A potentiated the activity of caspofungin. Therefore, tyrocidines are promising candidates for further research as antifungal drugs and as agents for combinatorial treatment. Descriptors Links Book Title Database Publisher American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved Data Source Authors Troskie,A.M., Rautenbach,M., Delattin,N., Vosloo,J.A., Dathe,M., Cammue,B.P., Thevissen,K. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic 20140421 PMCID PMC4068576 Editors
New antimicrobial contact catalyst killing antibiotic resistant clinical and waterborne pathogens	2015	Biophysics Unit (CSIC, UPV/EHU), Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of the Basque Country, 48940 Leioa, Spain.; University Medical Center Freiburg, Division of Infectious Diseases, Hugstetter Strasse 55, 79106 Freiburg, Germany;	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Materials science & engineering.C, Materials for biological applications Periodical, Abbrev. Mater.Sci.Eng.C.Mater.Biol.Appl. Pub Date Free Form May Volume 50 Issue Start Page 1 Other Pages 11 Notes CI: Copyright (c) 2015; JID: 101484109; 0 (Anti-Bacterial Agents); 3M4G523W1G (Silver); OTO: NOTNLM; 2014/10/02 [received]; 2014/12/21 [revised]; 2015/01/24 [accepted]; 2015/01/26 [aheadofprint]; ppublish Place of Publication Netherlands ISSN/ISBN 1873-0191; 0928-4931 Accession Number PMID: 25746238 Language eng SubFile Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; IM DOI 10.1016/j.msec.2015.01.080 [doi] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 25746238 Abstract Microbial growth on medical and technical devices is a big health issue, particularly when microorganisms aggregate to form biofilms. Moreover, the occurrence of antibiotic-resistant bacteria in the clinical environment is dramatically growing, making treatment of bacterial infections very challenging. In search of an alternative, we studied a novel antimicrobial surface coating based on micro galvanic elements formed by silver and ruthenium with surface catalytic properties. The antimicrobial coating efficiently inhibited the growth of the nosocomial pathogens Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Enterococcus faecalis and Enterococcus faecium as demonstrated by the growth inhibition on agar surface and in biofilms of antibiotic resistant clinical E. faecalis, E. faecium, and S. aureus isolates. It also strongly reduced the growth of Legionella in a drinking water pipeline and of Escherichia coli in urine. We postulate a mode of action of the antimicrobial material, which is independent of the release of silver ions. Thus, the novel antimicrobial coating could represent an alternative to combat microbial growth avoiding the toxic side effects of high levels of silver ions on eukaryotic cells. Descriptors Links Book Title Database Publisher . Published by Elsevier B.V Data Source Authors Guridi,A., Diederich,A.K., Aguila-Arcos,S., Garcia-Moreno,M., Blasi,R., Broszat,M., Schmieder,W., Clauss-Lendzian,E., Sakinc-Gueler,T., Andrade,R., Alkorta,I., Meyer,C., Landau,U., Grohmann,E. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic 20150126 PMCID Editors
Effects of staining and bleaching on color change of dental composite resins	2006	Bioscience Research Center, College of Dental Medicine, Nova Southeastern University, Fort Lauderdale, FL 33329, USA. pvillalt@nova.edu	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full The Journal of prosthetic dentistry Periodical, Abbrev. J.Prosthet.Dent. Pub Date Free Form Feb Volume 95 Issue 2 Start Page 137 Other Pages 142 Notes LR: 20131121; JID: 0376364; 0 (Coffee); 0 (Coloring Agents); 0 (Composite Resins); 0 (Drug Combinations); 0 (Esthet-X); 0 (Filtek Supreme); 0 (Oxidants); 0 (Peroxides); 31PZ2VAU81 (carbamide peroxide); 8W8T17847W (Urea); ppublish Place of Publication United States ISSN/ISBN 0022-3913; 0022-3913 Accession Number PMID: 16473088 Language eng SubFile Journal Article; D; IM DOI S0022-3913(05)00646-3 [pii] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 16473088 Abstract STATEMENT OF PROBLEM: Discoloration of resin-based composites by colored solutions is a common problem. The use of bleaching agents for discolored natural teeth is becoming increasingly popular. It is not clear if bleaching agents can remove the stain from composite resins. PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of 2 staining solutions and 3 bleaching systems on the color changes of 2 dental composite resins. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Forty-five disk-shaped specimens (9 x 2.5 mm) of each of 2 composite resins, Filtek Supreme (FS) and Esthet X (EX), were prepared. The specimens were then divided into 3 groups of 15 specimens each and immersed in 2 staining solutions (coffee or red wine) or distilled water (control) for 3 hours daily over a 40-day test period. The 3 groups were then divided into 3 subgroups (n = 5), and 3 bleaching agents (Crest Night Effects, Colgate Simply White Night, or Opalescence Quick) were applied to the surface of the specimens over a 14-day period. Color of the specimens was measured with a spectrophotometer using CIELAB color space relative to CIE standard illuminant D55 at baseline, after staining, and after bleaching. The color differences (deltaE(ab)) between the 3 measurements were calculated. The value deltaE(ab) = 3.3 was used as an acceptable value in subjective visual evaluations. Analysis of variance and nonparametric analysis (Kruskal-Wallis test and Mann-Whitney test) were used to analyze the data. RESULTS: After staining, FS had more color change than EX and was more affected by the wine solution. After bleaching, the color of both EX and FS specimens returned to the baseline. The color differences between bleaching and baseline were less than value deltaE(ab)* = 3.3 for all groups. CONCLUSION: The nanocomposite (FS) changed color more than the microhybrid composite (EX) as a result of staining in coffee or red wine solutions. After bleaching, discoloration was removed completely from the composite resins tested. Descriptors Analysis of Variance, Coffee, Color, Coloring Agents/chemistry, Composite Resins/chemistry, Drug Combinations, Materials Testing, Oxidants, Particle Size, Peroxides, Statistics, Nonparametric, Tooth Bleaching, Urea/analogs & derivatives, Wine Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Villalta,P., Lu,H., Okte,Z., Garcia-Godoy,F., Powers,J. M. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic PMCID Editors
Correlation between tobacco control policies, consumption of rolled tobacco and e-cigarettes, and intention to quit conventional tobacco, in Europe	2017	Biostatistics Unit, Department of Basic Sciences, Universitat Internacional de Catalunya, Sant Cugat del Valles, Barcelona, Spain.; Biostatistics Unit, Department of Basic Sciences, Universitat Internacional de Catalunya, Sant Cugat del Valles, (TRUNCATED	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Tobacco control Periodical, Abbrev. Tob.Control Pub Date Free Form Mar Volume 26 Issue 2 Start Page 149 Other Pages 152 Notes LR: 20180216; CI: Published by the BMJ Publishing Group Limited. For permission to use (where not already granted under a licence) please go to http://www.bmj.com/company/products-services/rights-and-licensing/.; JID: 9209612; OTO: NOTNLM; 2015/05/25 00:0 Place of Publication England ISSN/ISBN 1468-3318; 0964-4563 Accession Number PMID: 26888824 Language eng SubFile Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; IM DOI 10.1136/tobaccocontrol-2015-052482 [doi] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 26888824 Abstract OBJECTIVE: To analyse the correlation between the implementation of tobacco control policies and tobacco consumption, particularly rolling tobacco, electronic cigarettes (e-cigarettes) users and the intent to quit smoking in 27 countries of the European Union. DESIGN: Ecological study with the country as the unit of analysis. DATA SOURCES: We used the data from tobacco control activities, measured by the Tobacco Control Scale (TCS), in 27 European countries, in 2010, and the prevalence of tobacco consumption data from the Eurobarometer of 2012. ANALYSIS: Spearman correlation coefficients (rsp) and their 95% CIs. RESULTS: There was a negative correlation between TCS and prevalence of smoking (rsp=-0.41; 95% CI -0.67 to -0.07). We also found a negative correlation (rsp=-0.31) between TCS and the prevalence of ever e-cigarette users, but it was not statistically significant. Among former cigarette smokers, there was a positive and statistically significant correlation between TCS and the consumption of hand-rolled tobacco (rsp=0.46; 95% CI 0.06 to 0.70). We observed a similar correlation between TCS and other tobacco products (cigars and pipe) among former cigarette smokers. There was a significant positive correlation between TCS and intent to quit smoking in the past 12 months (rsp=0.66; 95% CI 0.36 to 0.87). CONCLUSIONS: The level of smoke-free legislation among European countries is correlated with a decrease in the prevalence of smoking of conventional cigarettes and an increase in the intent to quit smoking within the past 12 months. However, the consumption of other tobacco products, particularly hand-rolled tobacco, is positively correlated with TCS among former cigarette smokers. Therefore, tobacco control policies should also consider other tobacco products, such as rolling tobacco, cigars and pipes. Descriptors Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Lidon-Moyano,C., Martin-Sanchez,J.C., Saliba,P., Graffelman,J., Martinez-Sanchez,J.M. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic 20160217 PMCID Editors

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