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Title	Pub Year	Author	SearchLink Sort descending
The Queensland cholera incident of 1977. 2. The epidemiological investigation	1980	Queensland Dept. Hlth, Brisbane 4000	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Bulletin of the World Health Organization Periodical, Abbrev. BULL.WHO Pub Date Free Form 1980/ Volume 58 Issue 4 Start Page 665 Other Pages 669 Notes Place of Publication ISSN/ISBN 0042-9686 Accession Number Language SubFile DOI Output Language Unknown(0) PMID Abstract In 1977 the first case of cholera known to be contracted in Australia during the seventh pandemic occurred in southeastern Queensland. Toxigenic isolates of Vibrio cholerae, biotype eltor, serotype Inaba, phage-type 2, were obtained from the index case, a companion of the patient, the reticulated water supply of their place of residence, and a stretch of the neighbouring river that was being used to supplement fully treated water piped from Brisbane. Treatment of the auxiliary supply consisted solely of chlorination. A section of another river was later shown to contain V.cholerae. No source of pollution was identified for either river. From the persistence of the microorganism in the first river over a two-month period, despite increases in river flow following significant rainfall, it seems that the cholera vibrio can not only survive for a long period but can also grow in the river water. This strongly suggests that certain surface, and possibly subsurface, waters may serve as potential silent foci of V.cholerae. Hence the importance of providing bacteriologically safe water supplies, and the possible need to expand the definition of a 'cholera-receptive area'. Descriptors river water, article, Austria, ecology, epidemiology, etiology, geographic distribution, Vibrio cholerae, water pollution Links Book Title Database Embase; MEDLINE Publisher Data Source Embase Authors Rogers,R. C., Cuffe,R. G. C. J., Cossins,Y. M. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic PMCID Editors
Perceived factors related to cigarette and waterpipe (ghelyan) initiation and maintenance in university students of Iran	2011		Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Int J Public Health Periodical, Abbrev. Pub Date Free Form Volume 56 Issue 2 Start Page 175 Other Pages 80 Notes ID: 20020176 Place of Publication ISSN/ISBN Accession Number Language en SubFile DOI Output Language Unknown(0) PMID Abstract OBJECTIVES: To investigate the perceived factors leading to cigarette and waterpipe (ghelyan) smoking initiation and maintenance in Iranian university students. METHOD: A cross-sectional study was conducted on 233 students aged 20-25 enrolled in Isfahan University and Kashan University in 2007. Demographic factors as well as cigarette and ghelyan status, and perceived factors related to cigarette or ghelyan smoking initiation and maintenance were recorded. Principal component analysis was carried out to cluster perceived smoking initiation and maintenance factors. RESULT: In a multiple logistic regression model, perceived psychological factors were more significant to cigarette smoking initiation and maintenance than ghelyan smoking among girls (odds ratio, OR = 1.90; P < 0.04) although perceived psychological factors (OR = 2.20; P < 0.001) and social factors (OR = 2.42; P < 0.001) were more significant in cigarette smoking initiation than ghelyan smoking initiation among boys (OR = 2.42; P < 0.001). Moreover, study appears that in boys, perceived entertainment factors could play more significant role in ghelyan smoking initiation compared with cigarette smoking initiation (OR = 0.42; P < 0.001). CONCLUSION: Whereas the factors related to smoking initiation and maintenance are different in both genders and in both tobacco products, identification of cigarette and ghelyan smoking may guide policy makers to develop comprehensive interventions. Descriptors Health Behavior, Smoking/epidemiology, Students/psychology, Universities, Adult, Cross-Sectional Studies, Female, Humans, Iran, Male, Psychology, Sex Factors, Young Adult Links http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00038-009-0107-x Book Title Database MEDLINE; http://www.globalhealthlibrary.net/ Publisher Data Source Authors Roohafza,Hamidreza, Sadeghi,Masoumeh, Shahnam,Maryam, Bahonar,Ahmad, Sarafzadegan,Nizal Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic PMCID Editors
Cancer urinary bladder--5 year experience at Cenar, Quetta.	2001	Roohullah, Centre for Nuclear Medicine and Radiotherapy (CENAR), Quetta.	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Journal of Ayub Medical College, Abbottabad : JAMC Periodical, Abbrev. J Ayub Med Coll Abbottabad Pub Date Free Form / Volume 13 Issue 2 Start Page 14 Other Pages 16 Notes Place of Publication ISSN/ISBN 1025-9589 Accession Number Language SubFile DOI Output Language Unknown(0) PMID Abstract BACKGROUND: Purpose of this study was to see the incidence, age, sex, geographical distribution, symptoms, personal habits, signs, histo-pathology, early diagnosis and management of cases of Cancer Urinary Bladder (Ca UB) in the patients coming to CENAR, Quetta, Pakistan. METHODS: A retrospective study was conducted at CENAR for a period of 5 years from 1st Jan. 1993 to 31st Dec. 97, in which about 100 cases of cancer of urinary bladder were included, out of which 82 patients were male and 12 were females. RESULTS: During our 5-year period of study, 3571 new cases of cancer were registered at CENAR, out of which 100 (2.8% of total No. of cases) were of Ca UB. Hence 20 new cases of Ca UB per year were registered at CENAR. The maximum number of cases was registered in 1996. CONCLUSION: Our study concluded that Ca UB occurs more in male with a male female ratio of 4.5:1 and a high incidence after 40 years of age. No patient below 20 was reported. Histopathologically, Transitional Cell Carcinoma was dominating (75%). Other histological types seen were squamous cell carcinoma (4%), Adenocarcinoma (3%), UD (5%) and HPNA (10%). A considerable number of patients were using different preparations of tobacco (cigarette smoking (6%), Hubble-Bubble (5%) and Niswar (Snuff) (12%). The patients were mainly treated with Radiotherapy, because at the time of reporting they were already in stage II or beyond (97%). Some patients were also treated by surgery such as TUR, partial or radical cystectomy. A few patients (6%) also received chemotherapy. Descriptors adult, Afghanistan, aged, article, bladder tumor, female, human, male, middle aged, Pakistan, retrospective study, sex ratio, transitional cell carcinoma Links Book Title Database MEDLINE Publisher Data Source Embase Authors Roohullah,, Nusrat,J., Hamdani,S. R., Burdy,G. M., Khurshid,A. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic PMCID Editors
Radiation cross-linked plastics: A versatile material solution for packaging, automotive, Electrotechnic and Electronics	2004	Rouif, S., IONISOS, Z.I. Les ChartiniÃ¨res, F-01120, Dagneux, France	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Radiation Physics and Chemistry Periodical, Abbrev. Radiat.Phys.Chem. Pub Date Free Form 2004/09 Volume 71 Issue 2-Jan Start Page 525 Other Pages 528 Notes Place of Publication ISSN/ISBN 0969-806X Accession Number Language SubFile DOI Output Language Unknown(0) PMID Abstract Used since the beginning of the 1970s for the production of halogen-free and heat-resistant cables and wires, for conditioning polyethylene hot-water pipes or for the manufacture of heat shrinkable tubes and of tyres, radiation cross-linking is developing fastly today on the scale of plastic-moulded parts, and not only by the mean of EB, but also under gamma rays. Indeed, it improves considerably the performances of a great number of plastics among thermoplastics, elastomers and thermoplastic elastomers (TPE). Radiation cross-linking reinforces the dimensional stability of polymers in chemically aggressive and high-temperature conditions. Radiation cross-linked-based engineering plastics offers OEM and end users in many branches of industry both technical and economical advantages in comparison with high-performances plastics. They constitute a technical and economical compromise between engineering plastics that failed and high-performances plastic, often over-tailored and expensive. This modern industrial technology gives way to new applications and perspectives in various sectors (packaging, automotive, electrotechnic and electronics, including connectors, surface-mounted devices, integrated circuits, 3D-MID, etc.) that are described in the paper. Descriptors elastomer, plastic, polymer, automobile industry, conference paper, cross linking, devices, electronics, integrated circuit, packaging, radiation, technology, temperature Links Book Title Database Embase Publisher Data Source Embase Authors Rouif,S. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic PMCID Editors
A new structural element containing glycine-rich proteins and rhamnogalacturonan I in the protoxylem of seed plants	2004	Ryser, U., University of Fribourg, Biology Department, Plant Biology, Fribourg, Switzerland	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Journal of cell science Periodical, Abbrev. J.Cell.Sci. Pub Date Free Form 2004/03 Volume 117 Issue 7 Start Page 1179 Other Pages 1190 Notes Place of Publication ISSN/ISBN 0021-9533 Accession Number Language SubFile DOI Output Language Unknown(0) PMID Abstract The water pipes of elongating plant organs are the result of programmed cell death and are formed by the walls of dead and empty protoxylem elements. These protoxylem elements are passively elongated many times by the surrounding tissue before they are replaced and collapse. Well-known adaptations for this unique task include the characteristic secondary wall thickenings, forming rings and helices. A new, clearly distinct structural element containing glycine-rich proteins is now visualized for the first time, using confocal laser scanning microscopy in the mature protoxylem of elongating organs of seed plants. This structural element is arranged along the longitudinal axis of the protoxylem elements. It interconnects the secondary wall thickenings within and between protoxylem elements, as well as the protoxylem with other cell types such as xylem parenchyma cells and metaxylem elements. The structural element is stable against detergent extractions, proteinase, pectinase and cellulase hydrolysis, and is closely associated with rhamnogalacturonan-I, a pectic polysaccharide. The results clearly demonstrate that the cell wall of protoxylem cells is a highly dynamic and complex structure. The typical polysaccharide-rich primary wall of living and elongating plant cells is progressively modified and finally replaced by a protein-rich wall in the dead and passively stretched protoxylem elements. These glycine-rich walls originated early in the evolution of the seed plants as confirmed by the analysis of genomic information. Descriptors cellulase, detergent, glycine, polygalacturonase, polysaccharide, proteinase, rhamnogalacturonan I, unclassified drug, vegetable protein, article, cell elongation, cells by body anatomy, cell wall, confocal laser microscopy, controlled study, extraction, genome analysis, maturation, nonhuman, nucleotide sequence, plant cell, plant evolution, plant structures, plant parenchyma cell, plant seed, priority journal, thickness Links Book Title Database Embase; MEDLINE Publisher Data Source Embase Authors Ryser,U., Schorderet,M., Guyot,R., Keller,B. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic PMCID Editors
Association of waterpipe smoking and road traffic crashes	2010		Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full BMC Public Health Periodical, Abbrev. BMC Public Health Pub Date Free Form Volume 10 Issue Start Page 639 Other Pages 639 Notes ID: 20969795 Place of Publication ISSN/ISBN Accession Number Language en SubFile DOI Output Language Unknown(0) PMID Abstract BACKGROUND: The purpose of this research was to examine whether waterpipe smokers experience increased risk of motor vehicle crashes. METHODS: In a telephone survey, a random sample of Iranian drivers were asked to report their age, gender, vehicle age, whether their vehicles were equipped with anti-lock braking system (ABS), average daily drive time (DDT), whether they smoked cigarette or waterpipe, whether they had diabetes mellitus (DM), number of traffic crashes during the last calendar year and whether the crash involved a pedestrian or another vehicle. RESULTS: A total of 2070 motor vehicle owners with the mean age of 41.6 Â± 11.45 were interviewed. The annual incidence of Road Traffic Crashes (RTC) was 14.9%; 14.0% involved a collision/s with other vehicles and 0.9% with pedestrians. There was an association between the RTC and male gender, DDT, being a cigarette smoker, being a waterpipe smoker and DM in univariable analysis. The association between RTC and being a waterpipe smoker and also cigarette smoker was significant in multivariable analysis after adjustment for DDT. CONCLUSIONS: Being waterpipe and/or cigarette smoker and DDT were the independent predictors of the number of traffic crashes in Poisson regression model. If the increased risk of RTC among waterpipe or cigarette smokers is seen in other studies, it would be beneficial to promote tobacco cessation and control strategies through injury prevention initiatives. Descriptors Accidents, Traffic, Smoking, Accidents, Traffic/statistics & numerical data, Adult, Automobile Driving, Cross-Sectional Studies, Female, Humans, Incidence, Interviews as Topic, Iran/epidemiology, Male, Middle Aged, Risk Assessment Links http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2978152/?tool=pubmed; http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1471-2458-10-639 Book Title Database MEDLINE; http://www.globalhealthlibrary.net/ Publisher Data Source Authors Saadat,Soheil, Karbakhsh,Mojgan Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic PMCID Editors
Indoor secondhand tobacco smoke emission levels in six Lebanese cities	2010		Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Tob Control Periodical, Abbrev. Tob.Control Pub Date Free Form Volume 19 Issue 2 Start Page 138 Other Pages 42 Notes ID: 20378588 Place of Publication ISSN/ISBN Accession Number Language en SubFile DOI Output Language Unknown(0) PMID Abstract BACKGROUND: To date, Lebanon has failed to enact comprehensive clean indoor air laws despite ratification of the Framework Convention on Tobacco Control (FCTC), which calls for the protection of non-smokers from exposure to secondhand tobacco smoke (SHS). Complicating the problem of SHS exposure in Lebanon is the widespread use of the tobacco water-pipe. While most research on SHS has involved cigarette smoking as a source of emissions, other sources, including tobacco water-pipes, may be an important contributor. METHODS: PM(2.5) concentrations (microg/m(3)) were measured in a sample of 28 public venues located in six major Lebanese cities. Active smoker density (number of smokers/100 m(3)) was calculated for both water-pipe and cigarette smokers. Venues were then categorised as having higher density of water-pipe smokers or higher density of cigarette smokers, and resultant emission levels were compared between the two groups. RESULTS: Cigarette and water-pipe smoking was observed in 14 venues, while cigarette smoking only and water-pipe smoking only were found in 12 venues and one venue, respectively. Among all smoking-permitted venues, the mean PM(2.5) concentration was 342 microg/m(3). Venues with a higher density of water-pipe smokers (n =14) showed a similar median PM(2.5) concentration (349 microg/m(3)) compared with venues with a higher density of cigarette smokers (n =13; 241 microg/m(3); p=0.159). The mean PM(2.5) concentration in the single venue with a voluntary smoke-free policy was 6 microg/m(3). CONCLUSIONS: Despite ratification of the FCTC in 2005, both cigarette and water-pipe smoking are commonly practised in enclosed public places throughout Lebanon, leading to unsafe levels of indoor particulate pollution. Smoke-free policies are needed in Lebanon to protect the public's health, and should apply to all forms of tobacco smoking. Descriptors Smoking/legislation & jurisprudence, Tobacco Smoke Pollution/legislation & jurisprudence, Air Pollutants/analysis, Environmental Monitoring, Humans, Lebanon, Occupational Exposure/legislation & jurisprudence, Occupational Exposure/prevention & control, Particulate Matter/analysis, Smoking/psychology, Tobacco Smoke Pollution/analysis, Urban Population Links http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2989171/?tool=pubmed; http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/tc.2009.030460 Book Title Database MEDLINE; http://www.globalhealthlibrary.net/ Publisher Data Source Authors Saade,Georges, Seidenberg,Andrew B., Rees,Vaughan W., Otrock,Zaher, Connolly,Gregory N. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic PMCID Editors
[Tobacco use and cessation counseling among health professional students Lebanon global health professions student survey, 2005]	2009		Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full J Med Liban Periodical, Abbrev. J.Med.Liban. Pub Date Free Form Volume 57 Issue 4 Start Page 243 Other Pages 247 Notes ID: 114277 Place of Publication ISSN/ISBN Accession Number Language french SubFile DOI Output Language Unknown(0) PMID Abstract The number of deaths attributable to tobacco use is rising globally. Health professionals can help reduce tobacco use by providing advice to patients regarding smoking cessation. Very few studies have collected information on tobacco use and cessation counseling training among health professional students. The purpose of this paper is to examine these issues using data from the 2005 Lebanon Global Health Professions Student Survey GHPSS]. The 2005 Lebanon GHPSS includes nationally representative estimates of third-year students in ail dental, medical, nursing, and pharmacy schools in Lebanon. Current cigarette use ranged from 14.8% for pharmacy students to 26.9% for nursing students and 27.4% for medical students. Current waterpipe use ranged from 20.6% for medical students to 44.9% for nursing students. About 8 in 10 students in all four disciplines were exposed to second-hand smoke in public places. More than 8 in 10 students in medical, nursing, and pharmacy schools believed that health professionals have a role in giving advice or information on smoking cessation to patients. More than 9 in 10 students in all four disciplines believed that health professionals should receive training on smoking cessation techniques. However, those who received training ranged from 19.8% of pharmacy students to 43.7% of nursing students. Tobacco use cigarettes and water-pipe] is high among third-year health professional students in Lebanon. Students are willing to provide smoking-cessation counseling but lack training. The Ministry of Public Health, the Ministry of Education, and educational institutions in Lebanon should work together with other interested partners in developing, testing, and implementing successful patient cessation counseling training programs for health professionals Descriptors Humans, Male, Female, ABO Blood-Group System - 45 YEARS, Tobacco Use Cessation, Tobacco Use Disorder, Health Surveys, Smoking, Counseling, Students, Dental, Students, Pharmacy, Students, Medical, Students, Nursing Links http://pesquisa.bvsalud.org/ghl/resource/en/emro-114277 Book Title Database GHL; http://www.globalhealthlibrary.net/ Publisher Data Source Authors Saade,Georges, Warren,Charles W., Jones,Nathan R., Mokdad,Ali Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic PMCID Editors
Tobacco use and cessation counseling among health professional students: Lebanon Global Health Professions Student Survey	2009		Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full J Med Liban Periodical, Abbrev. J.Med.Liban. Pub Date Free Form Volume 57 Issue 4 Start Page 243 Other Pages 7 Notes ID: 20027801 Place of Publication ISSN/ISBN Accession Number Language en SubFile DOI Output Language Unknown(0) PMID Abstract INTRODUCTION: The number of deaths attributable to tobacco use is rising globally. Health professionals can help reduce tobacco use by providing advice to patients regarding smoking cessation. Very few studies have collected information on tobacco use and cessation counseling training among health professional students. The purpose of this paper is to examine these issues using data from the 2005 Lebanon Global Health Professions Student Survey (GHPSS). METHODS: The 2005 Lebanon GHPSS includes nationally representative estimates of third-year students in all dental, medical, nursing, and pharmacy schools in Lebanon. RESULTS: Current cigarette use ranged from 14.8% for pharmacy students to 26.9% for nursing students and 27.4% for medical students. Current waterpipe use ranged from 20.6% for medical students to 44.9% for nursing students. About 8 in 10 students in all four disciplines were exposed to second-hand smoke in public places. More than 8 in 10 students in medical, nursing, and pharmacy schools believed that health professionals have a role in giving advice or information on smoking cessation to patients. More than 9 in 10 students in all four disciplines believed that health professionals should receive training on smoking cessation techniques. However, those who received training ranged from 19.8% of pharmacy students to 43.7% of nursing students. CONCLUSION: Tobacco use (cigarettes and water-pipe) is high among third-year health professional students in Lebanon. Students are willing to provide smoking-cessation counseling but lack training. The Ministry of Public Health, the Ministry of Education, and educational institutions in Lebanon should work together with other interested partners in developing, testing, and implementing successful patient cessation counseling training programs for health professionals. Descriptors Counseling/education, Smoking Cessation/statistics & numerical data, Students, Health Occupations/statistics & numerical data, Tobacco Use Disorder/prevention & control, Adult, Attitude of Health Personnel, Counseling/methods, Counseling/statistics & numerical data, Female, Global Health, Health Behavior, Humans, Lebanon/epidemiology, Male, Population Surveillance, Prevalence, Risk-Taking, Students, Dental/statistics & numerical data, Students, Medical/statistics & numerical data, Students, Nursing/statistics & numerical data, Students, Pharmacy/statistics & numerical data, Questionnaires, Tobacco Use Disorder/epidemiology, Young Adult Links http://pesquisa.bvsalud.org/ghl/resource/en/mdl-20027801 Book Title Database MEDLINE; http://www.globalhealthlibrary.net/ Publisher Data Source Authors Saade,Georges, Warren,Charles W., Jones,Nathan R., Mokdad,Ali Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic PMCID Editors
Attitude of University Students towards Waterpipe Smoking: Study in Iran	2011		Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Addict Health Periodical, Abbrev. Pub Date Free Form Volume 3 Issue 2-Jan Start Page 9 Other Pages 14 Notes ID: 24494111 Place of Publication ISSN/ISBN Accession Number Language en SubFile DOI Output Language Unknown(0) PMID Abstract BACKGROUND: Tobacco is consumed in various forms, and there has been an increasing trend worldwide in the use of waterpipe. This study aimed to assess the university students' attitudes towards waterpipe. METHODS: This was a cross-sectional study; 1130 students randomly were selected from universities of Kerman, Iran. They were provided with a researcher-made questionnaire after obtaining the informed consent. The anonymous questionnaires were completed with ensuring about information confidentiality. In addition to the underlying questions, the questionnaires consisted of 10 attitude survey questions. Higher scores indicated more positive attitudes. FINDINGS: The obtained results indicated a significant difference of attitude of the students who were current or occasional smokers of waterpipe in comparison with the students who never smoked it towards addictiveness, social acceptance or rejection and its harmfulness; so that their attitudes were more positive (P < 0.05). Mean Â± SD of attitude score of the students who never consumed waterpipe before, those who had the history of consuming it at least once and those who were current smokers were 1.40 Â± 0.40, 1.50 Â± 0.41 and 1.70 Â± 0.43, respectively (P < 0.001). CONCLUSION: Waterpipe smoking was associated with false beliefs and positive attitudes among the students; therefore, the necessity of education and attitude changing is required in this regard. Descriptors Links http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3905517/?tool=pubmed Book Title Database MEDLINE; http://www.globalhealthlibrary.net/ Publisher Data Source Authors Sabahy,Abdol-Reza, Divsalar,Kouros, Nakhaee,Nouzar Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic PMCID Editors

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