WTS database

Title	Pub Year	Author	SearchLink Sort descending
Transvaginal echography in the description of anal sphincters	1999	Plaza, F.J., Servicio Obstetricia y Ginecologia, Fundacion Jimenez Diaz, Clinica Ntra. Sra. de la Concepcion, 28040 Madrid, Spain	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Progresos en Obstetricia y Ginecologia Periodical, Abbrev. Prog.Obstet.Ginecol. Pub Date Free Form 1999/ Volume 42 Issue 1 Start Page 61 Other Pages 66 Notes Place of Publication ISSN/ISBN 0304-5013 Accession Number Language SubFile DOI Output Language Unknown(0) PMID Abstract Objective: Our purpose wthe application of the transvaginal ultrasound, for the ddescription of the main structures annals: mucus, internal anal sphincter, external anal sphincter and fascicle pubococcigeal of the muscle elevator of the year. Patiens and methods: In consultation during the period puerperal, six weeks after the childbirth, ultrasound exam. Results: Obtains the following dimensions: internal anal sphincter: 2.9 +/- 0.9 mm, external anal sphincter: 2.7 +/- 0.9 mm, pubococcigeal of the elevator: 1.9 +/- 0.8 mm. Conclusions: Structural alterations are diagnosed by traumatic lesion in the moment of the cildbirth like lacerations, abscesses, water-pipes or hematomas. Descriptors adult, anus sphincter, article, childbirth, clinical article, female, hematoma, human, laceration, perianal abscess, puerperium, transvaginal echography Links Book Title Ecografia transvaginal en la descripcion de los esfinteres anales Database Embase Publisher Data Source Embase Authors Plaza,F. J., Espinosa,J. A., Hernandez,C., Moya,J. M. F., Recasens,J. D. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic PMCID Editors
Assessment of toxic metal exposure following the Camelford water pollution incident: evidence of acute mobilization of lead into drinking water.	1995	Powell, J.J., Gastrointestinal Laboratory, Range Institute, St. Thomas' Hospital, London, UK.	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full The Analyst Periodical, Abbrev. Analyst Pub Date Free Form / Volume 120 Issue 3 Start Page 793 Other Pages 798 Notes Place of Publication ISSN/ISBN 0003-2654 Accession Number Language SubFile DOI Output Language Unknown(0) PMID Abstract Following the incident of acidic pollution of water by aluminium sulfate centred around Camelford in July 1988, we have carried out a retrospective analysis of the mobilization of toxic metals to residents of the area. An advanced nuclear technique was used to measure trace levels of elements within hair, thus, avoiding surface contamination. In contrast to controls, lead, but no other toxic metals, was consistently found within sections of hair that dated to mid-1988 from four residents; they must, therefore, have consumed this metal around the time of the incident. The source of this lead was probably local water pipe residue, and this was found on analysis to have a matrix specific to such soft-water areas that, prior to the incident, had slowly accumulated certain toxic metals such as cadmium and uranium and particularly lead. Lead is mobilized from such residues by acidic water and could, therefore, have heavily contaminated mains water after the incident. However, analyses of residents' plasma and whole blood, and of urine following a lead-chelation test, showed no evidence of either long-term increased body burdens of toxic metals or depletion of essential elements. In addition, we found no evidence of continued poor water quality in the area. In conclusion, during a short period following the pollution, some residents who consumed mains water would have been acutely exposed to lead and other toxic metals. Prediction of the scale of metal exposure to individuals was not possible owing to heterogeneity of the water distribution network, but long-term effects to residents from lead are not anticipated.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) Descriptors lead, absorption, accident, adult, article, chemistry, drinking, environmental exposure, female, hair, human, lead poisoning, male, metabolism, methodology, microscopy, middle aged, United Kingdom, water pollution, water supply Links Book Title Database MEDLINE Publisher Data Source Embase Authors Powell,J. J., Greenfield,S. M., Thompson,R. P., Cargnello,J. A., Kendall,M. D., Landsberg,J. P., Watt,F., Delves,H. T., House,I. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic PMCID Editors
Relation of radon exposure and tobacco use to lung cancer among tin miners in Yunnan Province, China	1989	Department of Epidemiology, Cancer Institute, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100021	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full American Journal of Industrial Medicine Periodical, Abbrev. Am.J.Ind.Med. Pub Date Free Form 1989/ Volume 16 Issue 5 Start Page 511 Other Pages 521 Notes Place of Publication ISSN/ISBN 0271-3586 Accession Number Language SubFile DOI Output Language Unknown(0) PMID Abstract We studied the relation of radon exposure and tobacco use to lung cancer among tin miners in Yunnan Province in the People's Republic of China. Interviews were conducted in 1985 with 107 living tin miners with lung cancer and an equal number of age-matched controls from among tin miners without lung cancer to obtain information on lung cancer risk factors including a detailed history of employment and tobacco use. Occupational history was combined with extensive industrial hygiene data to estimate cumulative working level months (WLM) of radon daughter exposure. Similar data were also used to estimate arsenic exposure for control in the analysis. Results indicate an increased risk of lung cancer for water pipe smoking, a traditional form of tobacco use practiced in 91% of cases and 85% of controls. Ever use of water pipes was associated with a twofold elevation in risk when compared with tobacco abstainers, and a dose-response relation was observed with increasing categories of pipe-year (dose times duration) usage. Estimated WLM of radon exposure varied from 0 to 1,761 among subjects but averaged 515 in cases versus only 244 in controls. Analyses indicated that the persons in the highest quarter of the radon exposure distribution had an odds ratio (OR) = 9.5 (95% confidence interval = 2.7-33.1) compared to persons without radon exposure after controlling for arsenic exposure and other potential confounders. Examination of duration and rate of radon exposure indicated higher risk associated with long duration as opposed to high rate of exposure. Cross-categorizations of radon exposure and tobacco use suggest greater risk associated with radon exposure than tobacco in these workers. Descriptors radon, tin, adult, aged, article, China, epidemiology, etiology, human, lung cancer, major clinical study, male, occupational exposure, tobacco Links Book Title Database Embase; MEDLINE Publisher Data Source Embase Authors Qiao,Y. -L, Taylor,P. R., Yao,S. -X, Schatzkin,A., Mao,B. -L, Lubin,J., Rao,J. -Y, McAdams,M., Xuan,X. -Z, Li,J. -Y Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic PMCID Editors
Effects of water-pipe smoking on lung function: a systematic review and meta-analysis	2011		Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Chest Periodical, Abbrev. Chest Pub Date Free Form Volume 139 Issue 4 Start Page 764 Other Pages 74 Notes ID: 20671057 Place of Publication ISSN/ISBN Accession Number Language en SubFile DOI Output Language Unknown(0) PMID Abstract BACKGROUND: Although common in many Middle Eastern countries, water-pipe tobacco smoking, commonly known as water-pipe smoking (WPS), is increasingly popular in Western cultures. The primary objective of this study was to systematically review the effects of WPS on lung function. The secondary objective was to compare the effects of WPS and cigarette smoking on lung function. METHODS: We conducted a systematic review using the approach of the Cochrane Collaboration to search for, select, and abstract studies. We conducted two separate meta-analyses comparing water-pipe smokers with nonsmokers, and water-pipe smokers with cigarette smokers for each of three spirometric measurements (FEV1, FVC, and FEV1/ FVC). We used the standardized mean difference (SMD) to pool the results. RESULTS: Six cross-sectional studies were eligible for this review. Compared with no smoking, WPS was associated with a statistically significant reduction in FEV1 (SMD = -0.43; 95% CI, -0.58 to -0.29; equivalent to a 4.04% lower FEV1%), a trend toward lower FVC (SMD = -0.15; 95% CI, -0.34 to 0.04; equivalent to a 1.38% reduction in FVC%), and lower FEV1/ FVC (SMD = -0.46; 95% CI, -0.93 to 0.01; equivalent to a 3.08% lower FEV1/ FVC). Comparing WPS with cigarette smoking, there was no statistically significant difference in FEV1, FVC, and FEV1/ FVC. The six studies suffered from methodologic limitations. CONCLUSIONS: WPS negatively affects lung function and may be as harmful as cigarette smoking. WPS, therefore, is likely to be a cause of COPD. Descriptors Lung Diseases/physiopathology, Smoking/adverse effects, Tars/adverse effects, Humans, Respiratory Function Tests, Tobacco, Tobacco Smoke Pollution/adverse effects Links http://dx.doi.org/10.1378/chest.10-0991 Book Title Database MEDLINE; http://www.globalhealthlibrary.net/ Publisher Data Source Authors Raad,Dany, Gaddam,Swarna, Schunemann,Holger J., Irani,Jihad, Abou Jaoude,Philippe, Honeine,Roland, Akl,Elie A. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic PMCID Editors
Impact of religious rulings (Fatwa) on smoking.	2003	Radwan, G.N., Egyptian Smoking Prevention Research Institute.	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Journal of the Egyptian Society of Parasitology Periodical, Abbrev. J.Egypt.Soc.Parasitol. Pub Date Free Form / Volume 33 Issue 3 Suppl Start Page 1087 Other Pages 1101 Notes Place of Publication ISSN/ISBN 0253-5890 Accession Number Language SubFile DOI Output Language Unknown(0) PMID Abstract An interview survey was carried out in a rural village and two nearby schools in Qalyubia Governorate to assess the pattern of smoking and knowledge about religious ruling (Fatwa) and its impact on the quit attempts. Also, a similar survey was conducted in 6 Shisha cafÃ©s in Cairo. The results showed that the majority of respondents (81% among rural adults, 83.2% among Shisha cafÃ© patrons, 73.3% among rural youth and 81.4% among rural students) knew about the Fatwa on smoking. Higher proportions of all participants thought that smoking is a sin (97.3% among rural adults, 80.8% among Shisha cafÃ© patrons, 94.4% among rural youth and 98.4% among rural students). There was a significantly higher knowledge about Fatwa on smoking among men than women. This indicates a successful outreach program targeted mainly to men through mosques. Knowledge about Fatwa on smoking increased significantly with increased exposure to antismoking messages from religious leader. Knowledge about the Fatwa on smoking or belief that smoking is a sin had no significant effect on quit attempts. Our results point to the need for intensive efforts on the part of religious leaders to translate the current belief that smoking is a sin into quitting among smokers. Better results may be achieved through personal interactions in small groups rather than in mosque settings. Descriptors adolescent, adult, article, attitude to health, catering service, child, Egypt, female, health, human, male, religion, smoking, smoking cessation Links Book Title Database MEDLINE Publisher Data Source Embase Authors Radwan,G. N., Israel,E., El-Setouhy,M., Abdel-Aziz,F., Mikhail,N., Mohamed,M. K. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic PMCID Editors
Review on water pipe smoking.	2003	Radwan, G.N., Egyptian Smoking Prevention Research Institute.	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Journal of the Egyptian Society of Parasitology Periodical, Abbrev. J.Egypt.Soc.Parasitol. Pub Date Free Form / Volume 33 Issue 3 Suppl Start Page 1051 Other Pages 1071 Notes Place of Publication ISSN/ISBN 0253-5890 Accession Number Language SubFile DOI Output Language Unknown(0) PMID Abstract Water-pipe smoking may lead to cancers, genetic damage, diseases of the lungs and other disease conditions. Many of the studies on these subjects are merely anecdotal or lack the necessary rigorous study design or the power needed to be certain of the results. Given the large number of people who smoke waterpipe and the fact that waterpipe smoking has become a fashionable trend in the Middle East and the Western world among the youth, it is essential to study the health effects of waterpipe smoking with renewed emphasis. Descriptors Egypt, health, human, review, smoking Links Book Title Database MEDLINE Publisher Data Source Embase Authors Radwan,G. N., Mohamed,M. K., El-Setouhy,M., Israel,E. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic PMCID Editors
Waterpipe Smoking And The DRD2/ANKK1 Genotype	2010		Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full J Egypt Public Health Assoc Periodical, Abbrev. J.Egypt.Public Health Assoc. Pub Date Free Form Volume 85 Issue 4-Mar Start Page 131 Other Pages 48 Notes ID: 21244814 Place of Publication ISSN/ISBN Accession Number Language en SubFile DOI Output Language Unknown(0) PMID Abstract BACKGROUND: Waterpipe smoking is increasingly a worldwide phenomenon. Few studies have been conducted on the epidemiology of waterpipe smoking behavior and its genetic determinants. A polymorphism (TaqI) in the 3' untranslated region of the dopamine receptor gene (DRD2), later localized to the neighboring ANKK1 gene, has been previously linked to cigarette smoking. Since all tobacco products share the ability of stimulating the dopaminergic reward system, variation in the DRD2 genotype might be associated with waterpipe smoking addiction. AIM: This study aims to explore genetic variations in DRD2 gene and waterpipe smoking, motives and addiction in Egyptian rural males. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The subjects (N=154) were selected from participants in a household smoking prevalence survey if they were adults, males, currently smoking waterpipe and not smoking cigarettes. Participants were interviewed about their smoking behaviors. Blood samples were genotyped by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Subjects were subsequently classified as either the A1 (presence of at least one A1 allele) or A2 group (A2 homozygotes). RESULTS: The prevalence of A1 genotype was 34.4 % in current waterpipe users, and was associated with the maximum duration before smokers experienced craving to smoke: after adjusting for age of smoking initiation, smoking for addictive motives, and average daily tobacco consumption, the A1 carriers were more likely to experience craving within a shorter duration after abstinence (the first 24 hours) compared to subjects with A2/A2 genotype (Odds ratio OR] 2.70, 95% confidence interval CI]: 1.18 - 6.23). In addition, the frequent visitors of shisha cafes were more likely to be younger, heavy smokers and carriers of A1 allele (OR, 2.52, 95% CI: 1.06-6.02). CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS: This study revealed that the maximum duration before experiencing craving to smoke waterpipe and frequency of visiting cafÃ©s to smoke may be influenced by an inherited variations in the DRD2 genotype. Descriptors Links http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3622212/?tool=pubmed Book Title Database MEDLINE; http://www.globalhealthlibrary.net/ Publisher Data Source Authors Radwan,Ghada N., Loffredo,Christopher A., El Setouhy,Maged,A., Abdel Hamid,Mohamed, Israel,Ebenezer J., Mohamed,Mostafa K. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic PMCID Editors
Domestic water contamination in rapidly growing megacities of Asia: Case of Karachi, Pakistan	1997	Rahman, A., Department of Geography, National University of Singapore, Kent Ridge, Singapore 0511, Singapore	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Environmental monitoring and assessment Periodical, Abbrev. Environ.Monit.Assess. Pub Date Free Form 1997/ Volume 44 Issue 3-Jan Start Page 339 Other Pages 360 Notes Place of Publication ISSN/ISBN 0167-6369 Accession Number Language SubFile DOI Output Language Unknown(0) PMID Abstract The development of essential services including water and sanitation in many megacities of the economically developing countries of Asia cannot keep pace with their rapidly growing population and accompanying urban and industrial development. The inadequate water supply and poor sanitation services lead to contamination of their water supply. It also leads to the input of sewage water into the groundwater. The problem is seriously acute in Karachi, the largest city in Pakistan with a population of over 12 million and growing at 6 percent. This paper examines the problem of water contamination in Karachi. The paper presents the data on water quality from various sources, mainly municipal water supply, vendors and well water; the three major sources of water for domestic use in Karachi. Except municipal water from some areas and during certain periods, water from most other sources contain coliform bacteria, and in many cases faecal coliform, in amounts several magnitudes higher than any standards permit. Many samples have also been found to contain heavy metals including Chromium, Lead, Nickel and Arsenic in amounts excessive of permitted standards. The probable sources of contaminants for the various types of water (piped, vendors, wells) indicate that groundwater may be the main contributor. The very source of this groundwater is predominantly from sewage. The health hazards from consuming such contaminated water are obvious. The paper also evaluates the solutions that are being practiced, proposed or may be feasible, as well as those that are evolving. Descriptors arsenic, chromium, ground water, heavy metal, nickel, well water, city, coliform bacterium, conference paper, nonhuman, Pakistan, population growth, sanitation, sewage, water contamination, water quality, water standard, water supply Links Book Title Database Embase Publisher Data Source Embase Authors Rahman,A., Lee,H. K., Khan,M. A. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic PMCID Editors
Groundwater as source of contamination for water supply in rapidly growing megacities of Asia: Case of Karachi, Pakistan	1996	Rahman, A.-U., Department of Geography, National University of Singapore, Kent Ridge 0511, Singapore	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Generic Periodical, Full Water Science and Technology Periodical, Abbrev. WATER SCI. TECHNOL. Pub Date Free Form 1996/ Volume 34 Issue 7-8 -8 pt 4 Start Page 285 Other Pages 292 Notes Place of Publication ISSN/ISBN 0273-1223 Accession Number Language SubFile DOI Output Language Unknown(0) PMID Abstract The development of essential services including water and sanitation in many megacities of the economically developing countries of Asia cannot keep pace with their rapidly growing population and accompanying urban and industrial development. The inadequate water supply and poor sanitation services lead to contamination of their water supply through the input of sewage water into groundwater. This paper examines the problem of contamination of water supply in Karachi, the largest city in Pakistan with a population of over 12 million and growing at 6 percent per annum. The paper presents the data on water quality from various sources, mainly municipal water supply, vendors and well water; the three major sources of water for domestic use in Karachi. Except municipal water from some areas and during certain periods, water from most other sources contains coliform bacteria, and in many cases faecal coliform, in amounts several magnitudes higher than any standards permit. Many samples have also been found to contain heavy metals including chromium, lead, nickel and arsenic in amounts excessive of permitted standards. The probable sources of contaminants for the various types of water (piped, vendors, wells) indicate that groundwater may be the main contributor. The very source of this groundwater is predominantly from sewage. The paper also evaluates the solutions that are being practised, proposed or may be feasible, as well as those that are evolving. Descriptors arsenic, chromium, drinking water, ground water, heavy metal, lead, nickel, coliform bacterium, conference paper, developing country, Pakistan, sanitation, sewage, water contamination, water quality, water supply Links Book Title Database Embase Publisher Data Source Embase Authors Rahman,A. -U Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic PMCID Editors
Evaluation of coliforms as indicators of water quality in India	1992	Ramteke, P.W., Division of Aquatic Toxicology, Industrial Toxicology Research Ctr., Mahatma Gandhi Marg, Lucknow 226 001, India	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Journal of Applied Bacteriology Periodical, Abbrev. J.Appl.Bacteriol. Pub Date Free Form 1992/ Volume 72 Issue 4 Start Page 352 Other Pages 356 Notes Place of Publication ISSN/ISBN 0021-8847 Accession Number Language SubFile DOI Output Language Unknown(0) PMID Abstract The total and thermotolerant coliform counts in rural drinking water derived from ground water, piped supplies and surface water are reported for a number of areas in India. To evaluate these counts as indicators of recent faecal contamination the total coliforms and thermotolerant coliforms isolated have been identified. Thermotolerant Escherichia coli formed 11.7% of the total coliforms and 75.1% of the thermotolerant coliforms. Citrobacter sp. (20.4%) and Klebsiella sp. (50.9%) were the other common total coliforms isolated and, among the thermotolerant coliforms, Klebsiella sp. (16.4%) was the only other organism frequently encountered. The total coliform counts were significantly correlated with water temperature. The applicability in tropical areas of standards developed for temperate climates is discussed. Descriptors drinking water, surface water, article, bacterium contamination, evaluation and follow up, heat tolerance, India, nonhuman, water quality Links Book Title Database Embase; MEDLINE Publisher Data Source Embase Authors Ramteke,P. W., Bhattacharjee,J. W., Pathak,S. P., Kalra,N. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic PMCID Editors

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