WTS database

Title	Pub Year	Author	SearchLink Sort descending
Research strategies for magnetic fields and cancer	2005	FlÃ¨che Inc.,	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Risk Analysis Periodical, Abbrev. Risk Anal. Pub Date Free Form / Volume 25 Issue 1 Start Page 179 Other Pages 188 Notes Place of Publication ISSN/ISBN 0272-4332 Accession Number Language SubFile DOI Output Language Unknown(0) PMID Abstract Widespread concerns about whether electric and magnetic fields (EMF) could adversely affect human health have been raised in epidemiologic studies reported since the 1980s. Possible EMF health effects have been widely publicized in the popular press since that time. We consider here three possible mechanisms of action of EMF on childhood leukemia. We identify the first as "magnetic fields": this hypothesis relates the average level of magnetic field to the incidence of childhood leukemia. We identify a second, recently proposed, mechanism as "contact current": this hypothesis relates the low voltage and consequent current that occurs on the domestic water pipe, due to U.S. grounding practices, as a source for exposure of children. The third hypothesis is that the relationship observed is spurious. Using a modified example taken from the work of Von Winterfeldt and Keeney, we use Decision Analysis to estimate the value of information for distinguishing between the three hypotheses. We believe that this improves on the usual process for deciding on research budgets. Depending on which hypothesis we favor a priori, the value of being informed ranges from $101 to $233 per "problem household." Since there could be as many as 2 million such households, the value of information for resolving this issue could approach half a billion dollars! We find that there is no value of information for finding the odds ratio given the contact current hypothesis. In writing this article, we have consciously kept the computations as simple as possible so as to engage the reader's attention and interest. In a penultimate section, we suggest numerous possible extensions for a group interested in discussing and deciding on the value of research on the relationship between magnetic fields and cancer. Â© 2005 Society for Risk Analysis. Descriptors adolescent, adult, cancer risk, child, childhood cancer, childhood leukemia, decision theory, electromagnetic field, environmental exposure, female, high risk population, household, human, leukemia, magnetic field, major clinical study, male, model, probability, research, review Links Book Title Database Embase; MEDLINE Publisher Data Source Embase Authors Peck,S. C., Kavet,R. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic PMCID Editors
Legionnaires' disease in Yugoslavia (an epicritical review of patients)	1990	PetriceviÄ‡, I., Klinika za infektivne bolesti Dr. Fran MihaljeviÄ‡, Zabreb.	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full PluÄ‡ne bolesti : casopis Udruzenja pneumoftiziologa Jugoslavije = the journal of Yugoslav Association of Phthisiology and Pneumology Periodical, Abbrev. Plucne Bolesti Pub Date Free Form / Volume 42 Issue 2-Jan Start Page 67 Other Pages 70 Notes Place of Publication ISSN/ISBN 0352-5503 Accession Number Language SubFile DOI Output Language Unknown(0) PMID Abstract A review of patients with Legionnaires' disease hospitalized in our Clinic from the first cases recorded in 1978 up to now has been given. The diagnosis was confirmed by indirect immunofluorescent method in 23 patients with pneumonia, using antigen and method of the Center for Disease Control Biological Products Division, Atlanta, Georgia, USA (Dr Wilkinson). Most of the patients (16) were sporadic cases and twice as less cases were from two epidemics (7). Two patients among sporadic cases developed a very severe form of the disease during the immunosuppressive therapy after kidney transplantation. Clinical, epidemiological and laboratory data of 10 patients hospitalized and treated during the last three years (1986-1988) were analyzed in details. Two thirds of these patients were above 40 years of age and the youngest one was 29 years old. Except the advanced age no other firm disposable factor was found in patients belonging to sporadic cases. In cases from epidemics the source of infection was probably water from water-pipes i.e. hotel devices (bathrooms, douches, drinking water, air-conditioning units, water used in kitchen for cooking etc). All patients recovered after a longer symptomatic and antibiotic treatment. Erythromycin and rifampicin were applied the most frequently. In some patients treatment with chloramphenicol was effective. Descriptors adult, article, female, human, legionnaire disease, male, middle aged, pathology Links Book Title Legionarska bolest u nas (epikriticki pregled bolesnika). Database MEDLINE Publisher Data Source Embase Authors PetriceviÄ‡,I., Presecki,V., Kuzman,I., Soldo,I., DrazenoviÄ‡,V. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic PMCID Editors
Daily intake of copper from drinking water among young children in Sweden	1999	Pettersson, R., Department of Pediatrics, Central Hospital, S-541 85 Skovde, Sweden	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Environmental health perspectives Periodical, Abbrev. Environ.Health Perspect. Pub Date Free Form 1999/ Volume 107 Issue 6 Start Page 441 Other Pages 446 Notes Place of Publication ISSN/ISBN 0091-6765 Accession Number Language SubFile DOI Output Language Unknown(0) PMID Abstract Copper is an essential trace element that may cause intoxication if intake becomes excessive. Young children are at risk of intoxication because of high consumption of drinking water and immature copper metabolism. The aims of this prospective study were to estimate concentrations of copper in drinking water, volumes of drinking water consumed by children, and children's daily intake of copper. Concentrations of copper in unflushed drinking water were analyzed for 1178 children living in Uppsala and Malmo, Sweden, and concentrations and amounts of copper consumed from drinking water were estimated for 430 of these children, 9-21 months of age. The study children were from Swedish families, were not enrolled in publicly provided day care, and were not breast-fed more than three times a day. In the initial population, the 10th percentile for copper concentration in unflushed drinking water was 0.17 mg/L, the median was 0.72 mg/L, and the 90th percentile was 2.11 mg/L. In the subpopulation of 430 children, the 10th percentile for daily intake of copper from drinking water was 0.03 mg/L, the median was 0.32 mg/L, and the 90th percentile was 1.07 mg/L. The median daily intake of copper from drinking water was higher in Uppsala, at 0.46 mg, than in Malmo, at 0.26 mg. For groups of children,whose families took part in a later prospective diary study, the copper concentration in consumed water could, to some extent, be predicted from the concentration of copper in unflushed drinking water. The lowest concentrations of copper in drinking water were found in households with old water-pipe systems and in those living in detached houses. A large proportion of the young children satisfied their daily requirement of copper solely from drinking water. About 10% of the children had a copper intake above the level recommended by the World Health Organization. Descriptors copper, drinking water, article, copper metabolism, dietary intake, housing, human, human experiment, infant, intoxication, normal human, preschool child, priority journal, Sweden Links Book Title Database Embase; MEDLINE Publisher Data Source Embase Authors Pettersson,R., Rasmussen,F. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic PMCID Editors
Smoking habits among Iranian general practitioners	2010		Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full J Egypt Public Health Assoc Periodical, Abbrev. J.Egypt.Public Health Assoc. Pub Date Free Form Volume 85 Issue 2-Jan Start Page 97 Other Pages 112 Notes ID: 21073850 Place of Publication ISSN/ISBN Accession Number Language en SubFile DOI Output Language Unknown(0) PMID Abstract BACKGROUND: Smoking is one of the most important public health problems and a major cause of morbidity and mortality. General practitioners (GPs) as a key person play a great role in public health policy and public smoking behaviors. OBJECTIVES: This study aimed to identify general practitioners' smoking practices. The main research question was what proportions of physicians are smoking and what their pattern of smoking is. MATERIAL AND METHODS: This cross-sectional study was carried out using a WHO-based questionnaire. A sample size of 5140 general practitioners selected by stratified random sampling method from a total of 25,600 practitioners all over the country at the time of the study participated in the study. RESULTS: Seventy four percent of the subjects were males. Out of them, 22.3% had a history of smoking at some point of their life; about 4.6 % have ceased it; 8.3% had occasional history of smoking and the remaining 7.6% mentioned a daily smoking pattern, while 77.7% of them have never smoked. At the time of study, 15% were smoking. About 60% of smoking physicians had started smoking from the age of 21-30 years. The mean, the minimum and the maximum number of daily cigarettes were respectively 6.62 Â± 6.15, 1, and 40 cigarettes. After cigarettes, the most common tobacco products used by physicians were respectively pipes (4.7%), Shisha (4.3%), and cigars (3.9%). There were significant relationship between smoking pattern of GPs and some factors such as their age of onset of smoking, gender, knowledge about smoking side effects, and attitude towards smoking (p<0.001). CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS: A considerable proportion of Iranian practitioners were currently smoking. There is a need for specific strategies to encourage smoking physicians to quit. These data should help policy makers and other key persons seeking effective programs to reduce tobacco use among GPs in Iran. Descriptors Attitude of Health Personnel, General Practitioners/statistics & numerical data, Smoking Cessation/statistics & numerical data, Smoking/epidemiology, Adult, Age Distribution, Cross-Sectional Studies, Female, Humans, Iran/epidemiology, Male, Middle Aged, Questionnaires, Young Adult Links http://pesquisa.bvsalud.org/ghl/resource/en/mdl-21073850 Book Title Database MEDLINE; http://www.globalhealthlibrary.net/ Publisher Data Source Authors Peykari,Niloo F., Tehrani,Fahimeh R., Afzali,Hossein M., Dovvon,Marzieh R., Djalalinia,Shirin S. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic PMCID Editors
Black pigmented fungi in the water pipe-work supplying endoscope washer disinfectors [2]	1998	Phillips, G., Medical Microbiology, Ninewells Hospital Medical School, Dundee DD1 9SY, United Kingdom	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Journal of Hospital Infection Periodical, Abbrev. J.Hosp.Infect. Pub Date Free Form 1998/ Volume 40 Issue 3 Start Page 250 Other Pages 251 Notes Place of Publication ISSN/ISBN 0195-6701 Accession Number Language SubFile DOI Output Language Unknown(0) PMID Abstract Descriptors fungus, letter, water contamination, water supply Links Book Title Database Embase; MEDLINE Publisher Data Source Embase Authors Phillips,G., McEwan,H., McKay,I., Crowe,G., McBeath,J. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic PMCID Editors
Pressure management in Waitakere City, New Zealand - A case study	2003	Pilipovic, Z., EcoWater, Private Bag 93109 Henderson, Waitakere City Council, Waitakere City, New Zealand	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Water Science and Technology: Water Supply Periodical, Abbrev. Water Sc.Technol.Water Supply Pub Date Free Form 2003/ Volume 3 Issue 2-Jan Start Page 135 Other Pages 141 Notes Place of Publication ISSN/ISBN 1606-9749 Accession Number Language SubFile DOI Output Language Unknown(0) PMID Abstract In 1996, as part of Waitakere Council's Water Cycle Strategy, a pressure standardisation programme to permanently lower the average supply pressure citywide was implemented with the aim of reducing water loss and water use. The experience gained during the 1994/95 Auckland water shortage had confirmed that there was considerable scope to reduce pressures in many areas. Since 1996 water pressures have been reduced in over 60% of the reticulated area of the city, with the average pressure reduced from 710 kPa to 540 kPa. As a result of this programme water loss from the network has been reduced, there has been a reduction in the frequency of mains breaks and it is likely that the life of water pipeline assets has been extended. Furthermore both pressure and demand management initiatives have reduced per capita water use in the city by more than 10%. A network computer model was used as a design tool to check the network under various pressure regimes and cost benefit analyses were carried out for various design scenarios. Fire sprinkler systems were checked as part of the design process. Minimum service standards were not reduced and in some cases pressures were actually increased. This paper covers the various aspects of the design, the implementation and the results of the pressure standardisation programme. Descriptors capital, city, conference paper, economic evaluation, financial management, New Zealand, pressure, process design, process model, standardization, tube, water loss, water management, water supply Links Book Title Database Embase Publisher Data Source Embase Authors Pilipovic,Z., Taylor,R. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic PMCID Editors
Incrustations in water pipes as affected by filamentous iron bacteria	1947		Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Indian medical gazette Periodical, Abbrev. Ind Med Gaz Pub Date Free Form 1947/01 Volume 82 Issue 1 Start Page 36 Other Pages 38 Notes Place of Publication ISSN/ISBN 0019-5863 Accession Number Language SubFile DOI Output Language Unknown(0) PMID Abstract Descriptors alkanesulfonic acid, iron, piperazine derivative, piperazine-N,N'-bis(2-ethanesulfonic acid), bacteriology, Gallionellaceae, microbiology Links Book Title Database MEDLINE Publisher Data Source Embase Authors Pillai,S. C., Rajagopalan,R., Subrah-Manyan,V. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic PMCID Editors
Pilot survey of oral mucosa in areca (betel) nut chewers on Hainan Island of the People's Republic of China.	1984	Pindborg, J.J.	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Community dentistry and oral epidemiology Periodical, Abbrev. Community Dent.Oral Epidemiol. Pub Date Free Form / Volume 12 Issue 3 Start Page 195 Other Pages 196 Notes Place of Publication ISSN/ISBN 0301-5661 Accession Number Language SubFile DOI Output Language Unknown(0) PMID Abstract 100 people on Hainan Island were studied for their smoking and chewing habits and the condition of their oral mucosa. Ninety-five percent of the study population chewed areca (betel) nut. In men this habit was supplemented with either smoking cigarettes or water pipe. In two men a small commissural leukoplakia was found. In three women clinical and histologic changes pointed towards oral submucous fibrosis. Descriptors adult, aged, article, betel nut, China, female, human, leukoplakia, male, medicinal plant, middle aged, mouth disease, mouth mucosa, mouth tumor, pathology, pilot study, precancer, smoking Links Book Title Database MEDLINE Publisher Data Source Embase Authors Pindborg,J. J., Zheng,K. H., Kong,C. R., Lin,F. X. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic PMCID Editors
Dialysis water treatment systems and monitoring in Italy: Results of a national survey	2004	Pizzarelli, F., UO Nefrologia e Dialisi, Ospedale SM Annunziata, Firenze, Italy	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Journal of nephrology Periodical, Abbrev. J.Nephrol. Pub Date Free Form / Volume 17 Issue 4 Start Page 565 Other Pages 569 Notes Place of Publication ISSN/ISBN 1121-8428 Accession Number Language SubFile DOI Output Language Unknown(0) PMID Abstract Background: The risks connected with dialysis fluid contamination are well established. Epidemiological studies have demonstrated just how difficult it is to obtain permanently satisfactory quality standards. Therefore, dialysis centers must have effective and regular quality control programs, particular, with the growing and widespread use of online convective dialysis treatments. Considering this, we conducted a national survey of water treatment systems and monitoring in Italian dialysis centers. Methods: Two independent questionnaires were prepared and distributed in 1999 and 2001. The questions were designed to acquire information on structural and procedural elements. Responses to similar questions from both questionnaires were analyzed together. Results: Responses to questionnaires were received from 148 centers (17% of dialysis centers in Italy). In accordance with the European Best Practice Guidelines (EBPG) published recently concerning dialysis fluid purity, in the majority of centers (97%) the water treatment system consisted of at least pre-treatment and reverse osmosis (RO) modules. However, only one stage RO module was implemented (71%), there was a water storage tank (65%) and water pipe distribution loop was made of sanitary polyvinyl chloride (85%). Analysis of procedural elements - the timing and type of disinfection procedures used for the waterline system and monitors, the timing and type of water treatment quality control procedures - revealed a striking variability among centers in terms of the types and frequency of checks performed. Conclusions: Taking into account the EBPG, this survey revealed both bright and dark spots, calling for a national initiative aimed at defining a standard periodicity of loop disinfection, points in the water pipe line to be tested, and the frequency and type of tests. Descriptors dialysis fluid, polyvinylchloride, tap water, article, chlorination, controlled study, dialysate, disinfection, equipment design, Europe, health survey, hemodialysis, Italy, medical information, monitor, patient monitoring, periodicity, practice guideline, publishing, purification, quality control, questionnaire, reverse osmosis, standard, tank, water analysis, water treatment Links Book Title Database Embase; MEDLINE Publisher Data Source Embase Authors Pizzarelli,F., Cerrai,T., Biagini,M., Malaguti,M., Bargagna,R. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic PMCID Editors
Occurrence of aquatic organisms in water pipes and the resulting problems with drinking water disinfection	1992	PÅ‚achta, J., ZakÅ‚adu Higieny Komunalnej PaÅ„stwowego ZakÅ‚adu Higieny, Warszawie.	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Roczniki PaÅ„stwowego ZakÅ‚adu Higieny Periodical, Abbrev. Rocz.Panstw.Zakl.Hig. Pub Date Free Form / Volume 43 Issue 1 Start Page 95 Other Pages 100 Notes Place of Publication ISSN/ISBN 0035-7715 Accession Number Language SubFile DOI Output Language Unknown(0) PMID Abstract The present text is the first part of a paper aimed at specification of the requirements ensuring effective disinfection of drinking water. The discussed health hazards result not only from the presence of pathogenic microorganisms in water, but also from the occurrence of micro- and macroscopic plant and animal organisms. It was shown that while the traditional method for water treatment and disinfection reduces the number of these organisms, it fails to eliminate them completely, particularly in the case of tap water intake from shore intakes of surface waters. Descriptors article, disinfection, methodology, microbiology, Poland, water pollutant, water supply Links Book Title Wystepowanie organizmÃ³w wodnych w wodociagach i wynikajace stad problemy dezynfekcji wody do picia. CzeÅ›Ä‡ I. Database MEDLINE Publisher Data Source Embase Authors PÅ‚achta,J., Ranke-Rybicka,B., Wichrowska,B., ZyciÅ„ski,D. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic PMCID Editors

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