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WTS Database
The subject of interest is:
waterpipe, water-pipe, nargile, narghile, arguileh, arguile, shisha, sheesha, chichi, hubble bubble, hubbly bubbly, goza, hookah, bong
| Title | Pub Year | Author | SearchLink Sort descending |
|---|---|---|---|
| Waterpipe smoking and nicotine exposure: a review of the current evidence | 2007 | Read more... | |
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Source Type
Print(0)
Ref Type
Journal Article
Periodical, Full
Nicotine Tob Res
Periodical, Abbrev.
Nicotine Tob.Res.
Pub Date Free Form
Volume
9
Issue
10
Start Page
987
Other Pages
94
Notes
ID: 17943617
Place of Publication
ISSN/ISBN
Accession Number
Language
en
SubFile
DOI
Output Language
Unknown(0)
PMID
Abstract
The waterpipe, also known as shisha, hookah, narghile, goza, and hubble bubble, has long been used for tobacco consumption in the Middle East, India, and parts of Asia, and more recently has been introduced into the smokeless tobacco market in western nations. We reviewed the published literature on waterpipe use to estimate daily nicotine exposure among adult waterpipe smokers. We identified six recent studies that measured the nicotine or cotinine levels associated with waterpipe smoking in four countries (Lebanon, Jordan, Kuwait, and India). Four of these studies directly measured nicotine or cotinine levels in human subjects. The remaining two studies used smoking machines to measure the nicotine yield in smoking condensate produced by the waterpipe. Meta-analysis of the human data indicated that daily use of the waterpipe produced a 24-hr urinary cotinine level of 0.785 microg/ml (95% CI = 0.578-0.991 microg/ml), a nicotine absorption rate equivalent to smoking 10 cigarettes/day (95% CI = 7-13 cigarettes/day). Even among subjects who were not daily waterpipe smokers, a single session of waterpipe use produced a urinary cotinine level that was equivalent to smoking two cigarettes in one day. Estimates of the nicotine produced by waterpipe use can vary because of burn temperature, type of tobacco, waterpipe design, individual smoking pattern, and duration of the waterpipe smoking habit. Our quantitative synthesis of the limited human data from four nations indicates that daily use of waterpipes produces nicotine absorption of a magnitude similar to that produced by daily cigarette use.
Descriptors
Cotinine/urine, Nicotine/urine, Tobacco Use Disorder/urine, Tobacco, Smokeless/analysis, Chromatography, Gas, Humans, India/epidemiology, Inhalation Exposure/analysis, Jordan/epidemiology, Kuwait/epidemiology, Lebanon/epidemiology, Regression Analysis, Risk Factors
Links
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3276363/?tool=pubmed
Book Title
Database
MEDLINE; http://www.globalhealthlibrary.net/
Publisher
Data Source
Authors
Neergaard,James, Singh,Pramil, Job,Jayakaran, Montgomery,Susanne
Original/Translated Title
URL
Date of Electronic
PMCID
Editors
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| Corrosion and protection of waterpipes | 1974 | Read more... | |
|
Source Type
Print(0)
Ref Type
Journal Article
Periodical, Full
Periodical, Abbrev.
TECHN.SCI.MUNIC.
Pub Date Free Form
1974/
Volume
69
Issue
3
Start Page
105
Other Pages
111
Notes
Place of Publication
ISSN/ISBN
Accession Number
Language
SubFile
DOI
Output Language
Unknown(0)
PMID
Abstract
Corrosion of water pipes can be internal or external, and varies according to the pipe material. Its causes can be soil, electrolysis, chemical or electrochemical or even biological. Modern trends of water treatment (softening) and disinfection make water more dangerous for the pipes. Corrosion of pipes has been studied in Western Europe by CEOCOR and in France since 1950 by a Corrosion Commission which has published two books about it and about a theory of natural waters. Great progress has been made towards a better understanding of the corrosion phenomena but its control always remains a question of know how and good sense.
Descriptors
environmental health
Links
Book Title
LA CORROSION DES CONDUITES D'EAU ET LEUR PROTECTION
Database
Embase
Publisher
Data Source
Embase
Authors
Neveux,M.
Original/Translated Title
URL
Date of Electronic
PMCID
Editors
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| Practical condition assessment options for critical trunk watermains | 2003 | Nicholas, D., Hunter Water Australia Pty Ltd, HRMC, Newcastle, NSW 2310, Australia | Read more... |
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Source Type
Print(0)
Ref Type
Journal Article
Periodical, Full
Water Science and Technology: Water Supply
Periodical, Abbrev.
Water Sc.Technol.Water Supply
Pub Date Free Form
2003/
Volume
3
Issue
2-Jan
Start Page
1
Other Pages
9
Notes
Place of Publication
ISSN/ISBN
1606-9749
Accession Number
Language
SubFile
DOI
Output Language
Unknown(0)
PMID
Abstract
A review, originally carried out for Sydney Water Corporation, of a complete range of direct and indirect methodologies used to assess the condition of buried cast iron and steel water pipelines is presented. These techniques include pipe sampling, pit depth measurement, soil testing using various parameters, as well as other non-destructive testing (NDT) based on various electromagnetic principles. Both the literature and comprehensive field trials have shown that soil testing using linear polarisation resistance (LPR) methodologies as an input to statistical analysis packages is a cost-effective technique. Direct evaluation using remote field eddy current intelligent pigs can also be very useful for the direct examination of critical watermains but is limited to smaller sizes of DN 150-DN 375.
Descriptors
iron, steel, conference paper, corrosion, cost effectiveness analysis, Eddy covariance, electromagnetic field, methodology, pipeline, sampling, soil analysis, statistical analysis, water standard, water supply
Links
Book Title
Database
Embase
Publisher
Data Source
Embase
Authors
Nicholas,D., Heathcote,M., Moore,G.
Original/Translated Title
URL
Date of Electronic
PMCID
Editors
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| Sustainability of water supplies in provincial Egypt | 1993 | Nicholson, N.F., Camp Dresser/, McKee International Incorporated, Cambridge, Massachusetts, MA 02142, United States | Read more... |
|
Source Type
Print(0)
Ref Type
Journal Article
Periodical, Full
Water Science and Technology
Periodical, Abbrev.
Water Sci.Technol.
Pub Date Free Form
1993/
Volume
27
Issue
9
Start Page
47
Other Pages
53
Notes
Place of Publication
ISSN/ISBN
0273-1223
Accession Number
Language
SubFile
DOI
Output Language
Unknown(0)
PMID
Abstract
Life, health and hygiene all depend on access to a plentiful supply of safe drinking water. Piped water supplies in rural Egypt are insufficient to meet the demands of the existing population. This situation is worsening due to the rapid population growth and failure of existing water supply systems. There are already areas of the country with severe piped water shortages. If corrective action is not taken soon densely populated villages will become vulnerable to outbreaks of waterborne diseases. Immediate action is needed to reverse the deterioration of water supply systems and to improve the benefits gained from capital works investments in the sector. This paper promotes the concept that sustainable Water systems in rural Egypt depends on a central government and local unit partnership. Also needed are consumer bodies to determine user needs; local units to be given powers to manage the revenue and expenditure accounts; and the central government to concentrate on setting policies and guidelines, and assisting with the implementation of major capital works.
Descriptors
drinking water, conference paper, consumer, Egypt, female, health, hygiene, life, policy, population growth, rural population, water supply
Links
Book Title
Database
Embase
Publisher
Data Source
Embase
Authors
Nicholson,N. F.
Original/Translated Title
URL
Date of Electronic
PMCID
Editors
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| Hygienic aspects of microbic contamination of water basins (Russian) | 1975 | Inst. Obshch. Kommun. Gig., AMN SSSR, Moscow | Read more... |
|
Source Type
Print(0)
Ref Type
Journal Article
Periodical, Full
Vestnik Rossiiskoi akademii meditsinskikh nauk / Rossiiskaia akademiia meditsinskikh nauk
Periodical, Abbrev.
Vestn.Akad.Med.Nauk SSSR
Pub Date Free Form
1975/
Volume
30
Issue
3
Start Page
46
Other Pages
52
Notes
Place of Publication
ISSN/ISBN
Accession Number
Language
SubFile
DOI
Output Language
Unknown(0)
PMID
Abstract
The ever increasing microbial contamination of water sources in recent years plays a role in spreading intestinal diseases of bacterial and viral etiology. Particular significance attaches to microbial contamination during direct contacts of the population with water of reservoirs, during short term and long term recreation periods; such contamination is of importance in connection with the extensive development of recreation institutions for long term rest, located in the direct vicinity of water reservoirs. A number of problems are associated with self cleaning of water reservoirs (such as association of microbial, chemical and thermal pollution, determination of the correlation between health important microflora, pathogenic enterobacteria and viruses). A certain barrier role is effected by existing water pipe systems with respect to the most common chemical pollutants and pathogenic microflora. Formidable tasks face hygienists under the existing conditions of ever increasing microbial contamination of water reservoirs. (12 references).
Descriptors
bacteriology, methodology, microorganism, recreation, water pollution
Links
Book Title
Database
Embase
Publisher
Data Source
Embase
Authors
Nikolaeva,T. A., Bagdasariyan,G. A., Itskova,A. I., Talaeva Yu.,G.
Original/Translated Title
URL
Date of Electronic
PMCID
Editors
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| A community based study about knowledge and practices regarding tobacco Consumption and passive smoking in Gadap Town, Karachi | 2007 | Nisar, N., Department of Community Medicine, Baqai Medical University, Karachi, Pakistan | Read more... |
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Source Type
Print(0)
Ref Type
Journal Article
Periodical, Full
Journal of the Pakistan Medical Association
Periodical, Abbrev.
J.Pak.Med.Assoc.
Pub Date Free Form
/
Volume
57
Issue
4
Start Page
186
Other Pages
188
Notes
Place of Publication
ISSN/ISBN
0030-9982
Accession Number
Language
SubFile
DOI
Output Language
Unknown(0)
PMID
Abstract
Objective: To determine the proportion of people consuming tobacco in various forms, level of knowledge and practices regarding various harmful effects of tobacco and passive smoking. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted at Ghulam Mohammad Jokhio Goth, a small semi urban community of Gadap Town Karachi, which comprises of a population approximate 2225. About 157 people were interviewed regarding their tobacco consumption practices through a semi structured pre-tested questionnaire from June to August 2005. There were 314 households in the community and every alternate household was selected with a random start. The study subject was selected among all the adult members of 18 years age and above present at the time of interview in the household by lottery method and the questionnaire was administerd to those who were resident of GM Goth after taking consent. Results: In our study 110 (70%) people were tobacco consumers, 47% were knowledgeable about hazards of smoking, 22% were aware about passive smoking, and 90% started consuming tobacco below 20 years of age. The most popular form of tobacco was pan 40%, cigarette 39% and hookah 19%. Eighty four percent were regular smokers. Only 13.6% took counseling, 26.3% tried to quit smoking but none of them succeeded. About 23.5% smokers suffered from cough and headache due to smoking. When age, sex, marital status, income of the household, education and knowledge about hazards of smoking was compared, age and knowledge showed significant association while other variables did not show any significant association. Conclusion: Our study concluded that high proportion of people including men and women consume tobacco. Most of them were unaware about tobacco consumption hazards, and passive smoking.
Descriptors
adult, article, smoking, coughing, female, headache, health education, health hazard, household, human, income, informed consent, interview, knowledge, male, marriage, Pakistan, passive smoking, questionnaire, randomization, urban population
Links
Book Title
Database
Embase; MEDLINE
Publisher
Data Source
Embase
Authors
Nisar,N., Qadri,M. H., Fatima,K., Perveen,S.
Original/Translated Title
URL
Date of Electronic
PMCID
Editors
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| Prevalence and determinants of physical activity and lifestyle in relation to obesity among schoolchildren in Israel | 2009 | Read more... | |
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Source Type
Print(0)
Ref Type
Journal Article
Periodical, Full
Public Health Nutr
Periodical, Abbrev.
Public Health Nutr.
Pub Date Free Form
Volume
12
Issue
6
Start Page
774
Other Pages
82
Notes
ID: 18674392
Place of Publication
ISSN/ISBN
Accession Number
Language
en
SubFile
DOI
Output Language
Unknown(0)
PMID
Abstract
OBJECTIVE: To describe the relationships between physical activity, lifestyle determinants and obesity in adolescent Israeli schoolchildren.Design and settingCross-sectional survey. SUBJECTS: The MABAT Youth Survey was a nationally representative, school-based study of youth in grades 7 to 12 (ages 11-19 years). METHODS: Self-administered questionnaires assessed health behaviours and anthropometric indices were measured. Logistic regression analysis was used to examine the associations between obesity, physical activity, socio-economic status and other lifestyle habits. One-way ANOVA was used to determine mean physical activity levels (MET values) by BMI categories. RESULTS: The prevalence of overweight was 13-15 % and of obesity 4-9 % depending on gender and ethnicity, and was higher among the non-Jewish sectors. Thirty-six per cent and 57 % of Jewish girls and boys, and 40 % and 58 % of non-Jewish girls and boys, respectively, were optimally active. Boys from low socio-economic schools and those who slept for less than 6 h at night were less active. Girls from middle school were found to be 53 % more optimally physically active among Jews, and 89 % more among non-Jews, compared with girls from high school (P = 0.001); girls with less educated parents were also less physically active. No clear relationship was found between the level of obesity and physical activity. CONCLUSIONS: Physical inactivity was strongly related to gender, age, social status, sleeping habits, hookah smoking, and parental educational status. Education and intervention programmes should focus on these risk factors.
Descriptors
Body Mass Index, Exercise/physiology, Life Style, Obesity/epidemiology, Overweight/epidemiology, Adolescent, Analysis of Variance, Anthropometry, Arabs, Child, Cross-Sectional Studies, Educational Status, Female, Health Behavior, Humans, Israel/epidemiology, Jews, Logistic Models, Male, Obesity/ethnology, Obesity/etiology, Odds Ratio, Overweight/ethnology, Overweight/etiology, Prevalence, Risk Factors, Sleep/physiology, Socioeconomic Factors, Questionnaires, Young Adult
Links
http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S1368980008002991
Book Title
Database
MEDLINE; http://www.globalhealthlibrary.net/
Publisher
Data Source
Authors
Nitzan Kaluski,Dorit, Demem Mazengia,Getachew, Shimony,Tal, Goldsmith,Rebecca, Berry,Elliot M.
Original/Translated Title
URL
Date of Electronic
PMCID
Editors
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| New tobacco trends: waterpipe (hookah) smoking and implications for healthcare providers | 2009 | Read more... | |
|
Source Type
Print(0)
Ref Type
Journal Article
Periodical, Full
J Am Acad Nurse Pract
Periodical, Abbrev.
J.Am.Acad.Nurse Pract.
Pub Date Free Form
Volume
21
Issue
5
Start Page
258
Other Pages
60
Notes
ID: 19432909
Place of Publication
ISSN/ISBN
Accession Number
Language
en
SubFile
DOI
Output Language
Unknown(0)
PMID
Abstract
PURPOSE: To inform healthcare providers about waterpipe smoking, a new trend in tobacco use that is gaining popularity among adolescents and young adults. DATA SOURCES: American Lung Association Tobacco Policy Alert on Waterpipe Smoking, World Health Organization Tobacco Regulation Advisory Note on Waterpipe Smoking, and pertinent publications available in the literature. CONCLUSIONS: Waterpipe smoking is a new trend in tobacco use that is associated with multiple health problems, including addiction. Healthcare providers should be aware of new tobacco trends that may affect patients, such as waterpipe smoking, that are potential gateways to nicotine addiction. IMPLICATIONS FOR PRACTICE: Tobacco comes in many forms, all of which are addicting. Healthcare providers must be knowledgeable about new forms of tobacco to address all types of tobacco use with patients. Healthcare providers also have a responsibility to educate patients about the health risks inherent in these products to help prevent the long-lasting problem of nicotine addiction.
Descriptors
Smoking, Tobacco Use Disorder, Adolescent, Attitude to Health, Health Education, Humans, Professional Role, Smoking/adverse effects, Smoking/prevention & control, Smoking/trends, Tobacco Use Disorder/complications, Tobacco Use Disorder/epidemiology, Tobacco Use Disorder/prevention & control, United States/epidemiology, Water, Young Adult
Links
http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-7599.2009.00402.x
Book Title
Database
MEDLINE; http://www.globalhealthlibrary.net/
Publisher
Data Source
Authors
Noonan,Devon, Kulbok,Pamela A.
Original/Translated Title
URL
Date of Electronic
PMCID
Editors
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| Intention to smoke tobacco using a waterpipe among students in a southeastern U.S. College | 2011 | Read more... | |
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Source Type
Print(0)
Ref Type
Journal Article
Periodical, Full
Public Health Nurs
Periodical, Abbrev.
Public Health Nurs.
Pub Date Free Form
Volume
28
Issue
6
Start Page
494
Other Pages
502
Notes
ID: 22092459
Place of Publication
ISSN/ISBN
Accession Number
Language
en
SubFile
DOI
Output Language
Unknown(0)
PMID
Abstract
OBJECTIVE: Guided by the Theory of Reasoned Action, this study examined the association of behavioral beliefs, attitudes, normative beliefs, and subjective norms with waterpipe tobacco smoking intention in college students. DESIGN AND SAMPLE: A cross-sectional design was used. A Web-based survey was sent to a random sample of 1,000 undergraduate students from a public institution in the southeast to recruit participants. MEASURES: The Theory of Reasoned Action Waterpipe Questionnaire, a modified version of the Fishbein-Ajzen-Hanson Questionnaire, was used to capture modal constructs of the Theory of Reasoned Action related to waterpipe use. Cronbach's α coefficients for the scales of the Theory of Reasoned Action Waterpipe Questionnaire ranged from .76 to .95. RESULTS: Of the sample (n=223), 13.5% currently smoked a waterpipe and 61% had ever done so. Using multiple regression, attitudes, behavioral beliefs, and subjective norms were associated with intention to smoke a waterpipe in the next 3 months and collectively explained 35% of the variance in intention. The full model, which included all the constructs of the Theory of Reasoned Action, demographic variables, and tobacco use variables, explained 83% of the variance in intention to smoke a waterpipe in the next 3 months. CONCLUSIONS: This study provides valuable information that may be used to target students at risk for waterpipe smoking and serves as a starting point in developing theoretically driven interventions to prevent waterpipe smoking.
Descriptors
Intention, Smoking, Universities, Adolescent, Cross-Sectional Studies, Female, Health Promotion, Humans, Male, Risk Reduction Behavior, Southeastern United States, United States, Water, Young Adult
Links
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3319667/?tool=pubmed; http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1525-1446.2011.00945.x
Book Title
Database
MEDLINE; http://www.globalhealthlibrary.net/
Publisher
Data Source
Authors
Noonan,Devon, Kulbok,Pamela, Yan,Guofen
Original/Translated Title
URL
Date of Electronic
PMCID
Editors
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| The hydraulic calculation of sludge water pipes at sewage water purification plants (Dutch) | 1975 | Read more... | |
|
Source Type
Print(0)
Ref Type
Journal Article
Periodical, Full
Periodical, Abbrev.
POLYTECHN.T.ED.PROCESTECHN.
Pub Date Free Form
1975/
Volume
30
Issue
26
Start Page
871
Other Pages
876
Notes
Place of Publication
ISSN/ISBN
Accession Number
Language
SubFile
DOI
Output Language
Unknown(0)
PMID
Abstract
This article proposes to describe the theoretical expectations involved in sewage system design. Sewage sludge corresponds in the study of liquids to a 'conglomerate' in the mineral world, that is, a 'hetergeneous water suspension'. Only three properties are clearly identifiable: the percentage of solid material to water; friction characteristics along the pipe walls; and increased viscosity at higher temperatures. These are discussed in some detail. The formulas of Bingham, Babbitt, and Caldwell are presented in their application to density, coefficient of internal viscosity, friction along the walls, and the graphics of design. Calculations are illustrated by examples. Roles for pipeline design are given for gravity piping and for pump installations.
Descriptors
sewer, sludge, therapy
Links
Book Title
Database
Embase
Publisher
Data Source
Embase
Authors
Noz,F. J.
Original/Translated Title
URL
Date of Electronic
PMCID
Editors
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