WTS database

Title	Pub Year Sort descending	Author	SearchLink
Histopathologic changes in oral mucosa of Yemenis addicted to water-pipe and cigarette smoking in addition to takhzeen al-qat	2007	Ali, A.A., Department of Biomedical Dental Sciences. Unit of Oral Pathology and Medicine, King Faisal University College of Dentistry, Dammam, Saudi Arabia	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Oral surgery, oral medicine, oral pathology, oral radiology, and endodontics Periodical, Abbrev. Oral Surg.Oral Med.Oral Pathol.Oral Radiol.Endod. Pub Date Free Form / Volume 103 Issue 3 Start Page e55; e59 Other Pages e55; e59 Notes Place of Publication ISSN/ISBN 1079-2104 Accession Number Language SubFile DOI Output Language Unknown(0) PMID Abstract Background: Because the clinicopathologic effects of takhzeen al-qat are similar to those induced by smoking, the aim of this paper was to study the oral effect of 3 bad oral habits: takhzeen al-qat and cigarette and water-pipe smoking. Study design: This study was done on 33 Yemeni chronic qat users grouped as heavy cigarette smokers (GI), nonsmokers (GII) and water-pipe smokers (GIII). In all cases (n = 33) 2 biopsies were taken (n = 66), one from the buccal mucosa at the chewing side and the other from a similar mucosa at the contralateral (nonexposed) side. Biopsies were prepared for routine H&E staining. Results: Acanthosis appeared in 88% and 0%, abnormal rete ridges in 70% and 3%, hyperparakeratosis in 67% and 0%, and epithelial dysplasia in 30% and 0% of the chewing and nonchewing sides, respectively, in the 3 groups. Epithelial dysplasia appeared in 41% of GI and GIII (smokers) but in only 9% of GII (nonsmokers). Conclusions: Takhzeen al-qat causes distinct histopathologic changes in the oral mucosa at the side of chewing, such as acanthosis, abnormal rete ridges, and hyperparakeratosis. The association between takhzeen al-qat and cigarette or water-pipe smoking may increase the risk of epithelial dysplasia. Â© 2007 Mosby, Inc. All rights reserved. Descriptors adult, article, Catha edulis, female, human, male, melanosis, middle aged, mouth disease, mouth mucosa, parakeratosis, pathology, risk, risk factor, smoking, Yemen Links Book Title Database MEDLINE Publisher Data Source Embase Authors Ali,A. A. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic PMCID Editors
Role of members of university students' unions in tobacco prevention	2007		Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full J Prev Med Hyg Periodical, Abbrev. Pub Date Free Form Volume 48 Issue 4 Start Page 136 Other Pages 40 Notes ID: 18557308 Place of Publication ISSN/ISBN Accession Number Language en SubFile DOI Output Language Unknown(0) PMID Abstract INTRODUCTION: In Egypt, each faculty has it own students' union, which represents the students and collaborates in organizing all educational, sporting and social activities. The objectives of the current study were to evaluate the knowledge of members of students' unions about cigarette and Shisha smoking together with assessing their attitudes towards smoking in public places in general and in the university. METHODOLOGY: A random sample of members of Ain Shams University Students' Unions was subjected to an interview questionnaire. All participants were individually interviewed face-to-face by a trained interviewer from March 1, 2005 to April 30, 2005. RESULTS: Our study showed that 34 (31.5%) students were smokers. The mean knowledge score percentage was 79.4 +/- 20.7. Regarding knowledge about Shisha smoking hazards, the majority of the students (84.3%) knew that Shisha smoking is hazardous. The mean attitude score percentage was 56.8 +/- 22.2. Smokers had less mean knowledge as regard smoking hazards compared to non-smokers (p < 0.01). Also, smokers had a lower mean attitude compared to non-smokers (p < 0.001). More than one-third (38.9%) of the interviewed students didn't know if the students' union has a policy for prevention of smoking or not. CONCLUSION: Our findings point that although our students had a moderately high mean knowledge score yet this didn't increase their attitude about the smoking problem in the university and in the community. This supports the notion that, in addition to knowledge about smoking hazards, efforts are needed to change beliefs that allow this offensive habit to continue. Descriptors Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice, Health Promotion, Smoking/prevention & control, Social Marketing, Students, Universities, Adolescent, Adult, Age Factors, Egypt, Humans, Male, Organizational Policy, Spain, Questionnaires Links http://pesquisa.bvsalud.org/ghl/resource/en/mdl-18557308 Book Title Database MEDLINE; http://www.globalhealthlibrary.net/ Publisher Data Source Authors Allam,M. F., Abd Elaziz,K.M. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic PMCID Editors
Microbial population present in fermented beverage 'cauim' produced by Brazilian Amerindians	2007	Biology Department, Federal University of Lavras, 37200-000, Lavras, MG, Brazil.	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full International journal of food microbiology Periodical, Abbrev. Int.J.Food Microbiol. Pub Date Free Form 30-Nov Volume 120 Issue 2-Jan Start Page 146 Other Pages 151 Notes LR: 20151119; JID: 8412849; 3K9958V90M (Ethanol); 2006/08/24 [received]; 2007/06/04 [revised]; 2007/06/12 [accepted]; 2007/08/23 [aheadofprint]; ppublish Place of Publication Netherlands ISSN/ISBN 0168-1605; 0168-1605 Accession Number PMID: 17888538 Language eng SubFile Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; IM DOI S0168-1605(07)00455-2 [pii] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 17888538 Abstract The Tapirape Amerindians of the Tapi'itawa tribe produce several fermented foods and beverages among them the beverage called 'cauim'. This beverage is the main staple food for infants until two years old and their parents. For producing the beverage, several substrates are used, such as: cassava, rice, corn, maize and peanuts. The fermentation using mainly cassava was accomplished and samples were collected for chemical and microbiological analysis. A progressive acidification during the fermentation was observed and pH value decreased from 5.5 to 3.4. Lactic acid was the most important fermentation metabolite found but significant amounts of ethanol and acetic acid were also observed. The microbial load was high at the beginning of the fermentation, bacterial population was about 6.8 log cfu/ml and yeast population was 3.7 log cfu/ml. A total of 355 bacteria were isolated and identified. All the isolates were grouped into Gram-negative (3.5%), Gram-positive non-sporulating (78%) and Gram-positive sporulating bacteria (18.5%). Lactic acid bacteria increased from the beginning of fermentation and became the dominant microorganism throughout the fermentation. Species of bacteria were varied and they were found to be Lactobacillus pentosus, L. plantarum, Corynebacterium xerosis, C. amylocolatum, C. vitarumen, Bacillus cereus, B. licheniformis, B. pumilus, B. circulans and Paenibacillus macerans. The species L. pentosus and L. plantarum were the dominant bacteria and were present in all the periods of evaluation of the samples. Descriptors Beverages/microbiology, Brazil, Colony Count, Microbial, Edible Grain/microbiology, Ethanol/analysis, Fermentation, Food Handling/methods, Food Microbiology, Hydrogen-Ion Concentration, Lactobacillus/growth & development/isolation & purification, Manihot/microbiology, Time Factors Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Almeida,E. G., Rachid,C. C., Schwan,R. F. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic 20070823 PMCID Editors
Environmental and economic evaluation of the Massachusetts Smoke-Free Workplace Law	2007	Harvard School of Public Health, Division of Public Health Practice, Tobacco Research Program, 401 Park Drive, Landmark Building, Floor 3E, Boston, MA 02215, USA. halpert@hsph.harvard.edu	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Journal of community health Periodical, Abbrev. J.Community Health Pub Date Free Form Aug Volume 32 Issue 4 Start Page 269 Other Pages 281 Notes JID: 7600747; 0 (Particulate Matter); 0 (Tobacco Smoke Pollution); ppublish Place of Publication United States ISSN/ISBN 0094-5145; 0094-5145 Accession Number PMID: 17696050 Language eng SubFile Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; IM DOI Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 17696050 Abstract An environmental and economic evaluation of the smoke-free law in Massachusetts provides a broad appreciation of how a state-wide smoking ban affects the health of patrons and workers as well as the industries that are commonly concerned about the effects of smoking bans on business. The aim of this study is to evaluate environmental and economic effects of the statewide Massachusetts statewide Smoke-Free Workplace Law. Before and after the smoking ban, air quality testing was conducted in a sample (n = 27) of hospitality venues and state-wide economic changes were assessed. Compliance, in terms of patronage was measured by person-counts. Environmental outcomes were respirable suspended particles (RSP) less than 2.5 microns in diameter (PM2.5). Economic outcomes were meals tax collections, employment in the food services and drinking places and accommodations industries. On average, levels of respirable suspended particles (RSPs) less than 2.5 microns in diameter (PM2.5) decreased 93% in these venues after the Massachusetts Smoke-free Workplace Law went into effect. No statistically significant changes were observed among the economic indicators. This evaluation demonstrates that the state-wide Massachusetts law has effectively improved indoor air quality in a sample of Massachusetts venues and has not negatively affected several economic indicators. Descriptors Air Pollution, Indoor/analysis, Environmental Monitoring, Humans, Massachusetts, Occupational Exposure/legislation & jurisprudence/prevention & control, Particulate Matter/analysis, Public Facilities/legislation & jurisprudence, Restaurants/economics/legislation & jurisprudence, Smoking/economics/legislation & jurisprudence/prevention & control, Taxes, Tobacco Smoke Pollution/economics/legislation & jurisprudence/prevention & control, Workplace/legislation & jurisprudence Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Alpert,H. R., Carpenter,C. M., Travers,M. J., Connolly,G. N. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic PMCID Editors
Shisha smoking--an imminent health hazard	2007		Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full J Pak Med Assoc Periodical, Abbrev. J.Pak.Med.Assoc. Pub Date Free Form Volume 57 Issue 9 Start Page 430 Other Pages 1 Notes ID: 18072634 Place of Publication ISSN/ISBN Accession Number Language en SubFile DOI Output Language Unknown(0) PMID Abstract Descriptors Health Promotion, Public Health, Smoking/adverse effects, Social Marketing, Hazardous Substances, Humans, Pakistan Links http://pesquisa.bvsalud.org/ghl/resource/en/mdl-18072634 Book Title Database MEDLINE; http://www.globalhealthlibrary.net/ Publisher Data Source Authors Anjum,Quasia, Ahmed,Farah, Ashfaq,Tabinda Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic PMCID Editors
The effect of cigarette or sheesha smoking on first-trimester markers of Down syndrome	2007		Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full BJOG Periodical, Abbrev. BJOG Pub Date Free Form Volume 114 Issue 11 Start Page 1397 Other Pages 401 Notes ID: 17803717 Place of Publication ISSN/ISBN Accession Number Language en SubFile DOI Output Language Unknown(0) PMID Abstract OBJECTIVE: To investigate the influence of cigarette or sheesha smoking on first-trimester markers of Down syndrome. DESIGN: A prospective observational study. SETTING: Primary care centres and antenatal clinics of Maternity and Children Hospital, King Abdulaziz University Hospital and New Jeddah Clinic Hospital, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia. POPULATION: Women with a singleton pregnancy who were either nonsmokers (n = 1736) or cigarette smokers (n = 420) or sheesha smokers (n = 181). METHODS: Fetal nuchal translucency thickness (fetal NT), maternal serum free beta-human chorionic gonadotrophin (free beta-hCG) and pregnancy-associated plasma protein-A (PAPP-A) were measured at 11 weeks 0 days to 13 weeks 6 days of gestation in all women. Women were grouped according to smoking status, confirmed by maternal serum cotinine measurements, and analyte levels between groups were compared. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Fetal NT, maternal serum free beta-hCG, PAPP-A and cotinine measurements. RESULTS: Compared with nonsmoking women, fetal NT was significantly increased and free beta-hCG and PAPP-A levels were significantly decreased in both cigarette and sheesha smokers. There were significant relationships between all three markers and the number of sheeshas consumed per day. CONCLUSIONS: Cigarette and sheesha smoking significantly affect first-trimester markers of Down syndrome (fetal NT, free beta-hCG and PAPP-A). Correction for this effect in women who smoke might improve the effectiveness of first-trimester screening for Down syndrome in these women. The underlying mechanism(s) relating smoking to the changes in first-trimester markers require further studies. Descriptors Down Syndrome/etiology, Smoking/adverse effects, Adult, Biological Markers/metabolism, Birth Weight, Chorionic Gonadotropin/metabolism, Cotinine/metabolism, Crown-Rump Length, Down Syndrome/diagnosis, Female, Humans, Male, Pregnancy, Pregnancy Outcome, Pregnancy-Associated Plasma Protein-A/metabolism, Prospective Studies, Saudi Arabia, Sex Distribution, Smoking/blood Links http://pesquisa.bvsalud.org/ghl/resource/en/mdl-17803717 Book Title Database MEDLINE; http://www.globalhealthlibrary.net/ Publisher Data Source Authors Ardawi,M. S. M., Nasrat,H. A., Rouzi,A. A., Qari,M. H., Al-Qahtani,M., Abuzenadah,A. M. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic PMCID Editors
E. A review: Depression and smoking	2007	Arfken, C.L., Wayne State University, School of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neurosciences,	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Ethnicity and Disease Periodical, Abbrev. Ethn.Dis. Pub Date Free Form / Volume 17 Issue SUPPL. 3 Start Page S3; 16-S3-18 Other Pages S3; 16-S3-18 Notes Place of Publication ISSN/ISBN 1049-510X Accession Number Language SubFile DOI Output Language Unknown(0) PMID Abstract The association between depression and smoking has been well-documented in multiple countries and age groups. This review examines recent publications that address the magnitude of the association and its causal patterns (ie, due to lowered success of quitting in people with depression, depression causing smoking, smoking causing depression or third factor related to both smoking and depression). We conclude that the association may be multi-factorial with each of the causal directions possibly contributing to the observed association. Also, the association extends beyond depression to other mental disorders, including consumption of illegal drugs and non-medical use of prescription medications. Although the studies emphasize cigarette smoking, it is plausible to generalize the findings to other tobacco delivery systems involving deep inhalation, such as a hookah, due to the pharmacodynamics of nicotine. Although this review did not examine any studies specific to Arab Americans, the findings should generalize if smoking is stigmatized or, alternatively, as stigmatization increases. The good news is that even with the robust association between depression and smoking, people with depression can quit smoking and continue to be smoke-free. Because 44.3% of cigarettes in the United States are consumed by individuals with mental illnesses1, mental illness deserves a prominent focus to allow our public health goal of reducing the prevalence of smoking to be reached. Descriptors nicotine, arab american, smoking, conference paper, depression, disease association, drug misuse, ethnic group, human, medical literature, mental disease, prevalence, public health service, publication, risk assessment, risk factor, smoking cessation, United States Links Book Title Database Embase Publisher Data Source Embase Authors Arfken,C. L. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic PMCID Editors
Health issues in the Arab American community. A review: depression and smoking.	2007	Arfken, C.L., Wayne State University, School of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neurosciences, USA.	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Ethnicity & disease Periodical, Abbrev. Ethn.Dis. Pub Date Free Form / Volume 17 Issue 2 Suppl 3 Start Page S3; 16-S3-1618 Other Pages S3; 16-S3-1618 Notes Place of Publication ISSN/ISBN 1049-510X Accession Number Language SubFile DOI Output Language Unknown(0) PMID Abstract The association between depression and smoking has been well-documented in multiple countries and age groups. This review examines recent publications that address the magnitude of the association and its causal patterns (ie, due to lowered success of quitting in people with depression, depression causing smoking, smoking causing depression or third factor related to both smoking and depression). We conclude that the association may be multi-factorial with each of the causal directions possibly contributing to the observed association. Also, the association extends beyond depression to other mental disorders, including consumption of illegal drugs and non-medical use of prescription medications. Although the studies emphasize cigarette smoking, it is plausible to generalize the findings to other tobacco delivery systems involving deep inhalation, such as a hookah, due to the pharmacodynamics of nicotine. Although this review did not examine any studies specific to Arab Americans, the findings should generalize if smoking is stigmatized or, alternatively, as stigmatization increases. The good news is that even with the robust association between depression and smoking, people with depression can quit smoking and continue to be smoke-free. Because 44.3% of cigarettes in the United States are consumed by individuals with mental illnesses, mental illness deserves a prominent focus to allow our public health goal of reducing the prevalence of smoking to be reached. Descriptors Arab, depression, ethnology, human, Middle East, review, smoking, United States Links Book Title Database MEDLINE Publisher Data Source Embase Authors Arfken,C. L. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic PMCID Editors
Susceptibility of restorative materials to staining by common beverages: an in vitro study	2007	Faculty of Dentistry, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt. neveenmokhtar@yahoo.com	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full The European journal of esthetic dentistry : official journal of the European Academy of Esthetic Dentistry Periodical, Abbrev. Eur.J.Esthet.Dent. Pub Date Free Form Summer Volume 2 Issue 2 Start Page 236 Other Pages 247 Notes LR: 20151119; JID: 101285292; 0 (Coffee); 0 (Compomers); 0 (Composite Resins); 0 (Dental Materials); 0 (Glass Ionomer Cements); 0 (Organically Modified Ceramics); 0 (Resin Cements); 0 (Silanes); 0 (Tea); 059QF0KO0R (Water); ppublish Place of Publication Germany ISSN/ISBN 1862-0612; 1862-0612 Accession Number PMID: 19655568 Language eng SubFile Journal Article; D; IM DOI Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 19655568 Abstract The purpose of this study was to determine the staining potential of glass-ionomer and composite resin restorative materials following immersion in common beverages. Nine tooth-colored restorative materials were used: three glass ionomers (ceramic-reinforced, resin-modified, and conventional) and six composite resins (nanofilled, ormocer-based, flowable ormocer-based, polyacid-modified, microhybrid, and flowable microhybrid). Disk-shaped specimens were prepared and immersed in 37 degrees C distilled water for 24 hours. Over a 2-week period, five specimens of each material were immersed daily in one of three test beverages (coffee, tea, or cola), then stored in distilled water. A control group of five specimens of each material was continuously immersed in distilled water during the test period. Color coefficients (CIE Lab) were measured by a spectrophotometer before and after staining. All materials were susceptible to staining by all test beverages, while distilled water caused no perceptible color change. As determined by ANOVA and Bonferroni tests, there were highly significant differences in the change in color (deltaE) for tested materials in different beverages (P < or = .001). The deltaE was significantly higher for coffee and tea than for cola; the deltaE was significantly higher for the polyacid-modified composite resin than for all other materials. The material with the least amount of color change in coffee and tea was the ceramic-reinforced glass ionomer (deltaE = 12.45 and 10.64, respectively) and in cola was the nanofilled composite resin (deltaE = 1.93). Descriptors Beverages, Carbonated Beverages, Ceramics/chemistry, Coffee, Color, Compomers/chemistry, Composite Resins/chemistry, Dental Materials/chemistry, Glass Ionomer Cements/chemistry, Humans, Immersion, Materials Testing, Nanocomposites/chemistry, Organically Modified Ceramics, Resin Cements/chemistry, Silanes/chemistry, Spectrophotometry, Surface Properties, Tea, Temperature, Time Factors, Water/chemistry Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Ayad,N. M. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic PMCID Editors
Saliva cotinine and exhaled carbon monoxide levels in natural environment waterpipe smokers	2007		Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Inhal Toxicol Periodical, Abbrev. Inhal.Toxicol. Pub Date Free Form Volume 19 Issue 9 Start Page 771 Other Pages 7 Notes ID: 17613086 Place of Publication ISSN/ISBN Accession Number Language en SubFile DOI Output Language Unknown(0) PMID Abstract The purpose of this study is to evaluate the variations in exhaled CO and saliva cotinine in natural environment waterpipe smokers and compare them with cigarette smokers and absolute nonsmokers. Three groups were included in the study: nonsmokers (n = 20), waterpipe smokers (n = 15), and cigarette smokers (n = 20). A questionnaire was completed for each participant, exhaled CO was measured before and after waterpipe or cigarette smoking, and saliva cotinine was measured immediately after. We excluded from our study mixed smokers of both waterpipe and cigarettes. Mean values of saliva cotinine in waterpipe and cigarette smokers were very close: 77.8 ng/ml (SD = 110.4) and 87.1 (SD = 82.7) respectively. The weight and height of the persons as well as the size of the waterpipe bottle affected saliva cotinine. However, in waterpipe smokers, CO increased by 300% after 1 h of smoking, while in cigarette smokers, it only increased by 60%. In nonsmokers, exhaled CO was similar to environmental CO (10.2 ppm). The results of our study confirm that waterpipe device water does not filter nicotine and that the smoker him- or herself, by the frequency and the depth of inhalation, controls smoke inhalation. Like cigarette smokers, waterpipe smokers are exposed to harmful substances, such as CO, which was found to be quite high. The levels of expired CO and salivary cotinine could be good tools to detect exposure to waterpipe smoking. Descriptors Carbon Monoxide/metabolism, Cotinine/metabolism, Saliva/chemistry, Smoking/adverse effects, Adult, Carbon Monoxide/analysis, Cotinine/analysis, Female, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Tobacco, Water Links http://pesquisa.bvsalud.org/ghl/resource/en/mdl-17613086 Book Title Database MEDLINE; http://www.globalhealthlibrary.net/ Publisher Data Source Authors Bacha,Zeina Aoun, Salameh,Pascale, Waked,Mirna Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic PMCID Editors

E-mail