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The subject of interest is:
waterpipe, water-pipe, nargile, narghile, arguileh, arguile, shisha, sheesha, chichi, hubble bubble, hubbly bubbly, goza, hookah, bong
| Title | Pub Year | Author Sort descending | SearchLink |
|---|---|---|---|
| Development of a versatile, easy and rapid atmospheric monitor for benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene and xylenes determination in air | 2009 | Analytical Chemistry Department, University of Valencia, Edifici Jeroni Munoz, 50 Dr. Moliner, 46100 Burjassot, Valencia, Spain. francesc.a.esteve@uv.es | Read more... |
|
Source Type
Print(0)
Ref Type
Journal Article
Periodical, Full
Journal of chromatography.A
Periodical, Abbrev.
J.Chromatogr.A
Pub Date Free Form
27-Nov
Volume
1216
Issue
48
Start Page
8549
Other Pages
8556
Notes
LR: 20131121; JID: 9318488; 0 (Benzene Derivatives); 0 (Membranes, Artificial); 0 (Xylenes); 3FPU23BG52 (Toluene); J64922108F (Benzene); L5I45M5G0O (ethylbenzene); 2009/06/12 [received]; 2009/09/08 [revised]; 2009/10/02 [accepted]; 2009/10/09 [aheadofprin
Place of Publication
Netherlands
ISSN/ISBN
1873-3778; 0021-9673
Accession Number
PMID: 19853854
Language
eng
SubFile
Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; IM
DOI
10.1016/j.chroma.2009.10.001 [doi]
Output Language
Unknown(0)
PMID
19853854
Abstract
A new procedure for the passive sampling in air of benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene and xylene isomers (BTEX) is proposed. A low-density polyethylene layflat tube filled with a mixture of solid phases provided a high versatility tool for the sampling of volatile compounds from air. Several solid phases were assayed in order to increase the BTEX absorption in the sampler and a mixture of florisil and activated carbon provided the best results. Direct head-space-gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (HS-GC-MS) measurement of the whole deployed sampler was employed for a fast determination of BTEX. Absorption isotherms were used to develop simple mathematical models for the estimation of BTEX time-weighted average concentrations in air. The proposed samplers were used to determine BTEX in indoor air environments and results were compared with those found using two reference methodologies: triolein-containing semipermeable membrane devices (SPMDs) and diffusive Radiello samplers. In short, the developed sampling system and analytical strategy provides a versatile, easy and rapid atmospheric monitor (VERAM).
Descriptors
Adsorption, Air/analysis, Benzene/analysis, Benzene Derivatives/analysis, Environmental Monitoring/methods, Membranes, Artificial, Permeability, Temperature, Time Factors, Toluene/analysis, Xylenes/analysis
Links
Book Title
Database
Publisher
Data Source
Authors
Esteve-Turrillas,F. A., Ly-Verdu,S., Pastor,A., de la Guardia,M.
Original/Translated Title
URL
Date of Electronic
20091009
PMCID
Editors
|
|||
| Comparative evaluation of liquid-liquid extraction, solid-phase extraction and solid-phase microextraction for the gas chromatography-mass spectrometry determination of multiclass priority organic contaminants in wastewater | 2013 | Analytical Chemistry Research Group (FQM-323), Department of Physical and Analytical Chemistry, Campus Las Lagunillas, Edif. B3, University of Jaen, 23071 Jaen, Spain. | Read more... |
|
Source Type
Print(0)
Ref Type
Journal Article
Periodical, Full
Talanta
Periodical, Abbrev.
Talanta
Pub Date Free Form
15-Dec
Volume
117
Issue
Start Page
382
Other Pages
391
Notes
CI: (c) 2013; JID: 2984816R; 0 (Pesticides); 0 (Polycyclic Hydrocarbons, Aromatic); 0 (Solvents); 0 (Waste Water); 0 (Water Pollutants, Chemical); OTO: NOTNLM; 2013/07/16 [received]; 2013/09/16 [revised]; 2013/09/20 [accepted]; 2013/09/25 [aheadofprint];
Place of Publication
Netherlands
ISSN/ISBN
1873-3573; 0039-9140
Accession Number
PMID: 24209357
Language
eng
SubFile
Comparative Study; Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; IM
DOI
10.1016/j.talanta.2013.09.040 [doi]
Output Language
Unknown(0)
PMID
24209357
Abstract
The European Water Framework Directive (WFD) 2000/60/EC establishes guidelines to control the pollution of surface water by sorting out a list of priority substances that involves a significant risk to or via the aquatic systems. In this article, the analytical performance of three different sample preparation methodologies for the GC-MS/MS determination of multiclass organic contaminants-including priority comprounds from the WFD-in wastewater samples using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry was evaluated. The methodologies tested were: (a) liquid-liquid extraction (LLE) with n-hexane; (b) solid-phase extraction (SPE) with C18 cartridges and elution with ethyl acetate:dichloromethane (1:1 (v/v)), and (c) headspace solid-phase microextraction (HS-SPME) using two different fibers: polyacrylate and polydimethylsiloxane/carboxen/divinilbenzene. Identification and confirmation of the selected 57 compounds included in the study (comprising polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), pesticides and other contaminants) were accomplished using gas chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (GC-MS/MS) with a triple quadrupole instrument operated in the multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) mode. Three MS/MS transitions were selected for unambiguous confirmation of the target chemicals. The different advantages and pitfalls of each method were discussed. In the case of both LLE and SPE procedures, the method was validated at two different concentration levels (15 and 150 ng L(-1)) obtaining recovery rates in the range 70-120% for most of the target compounds. In terms of analyte coverage, results with HS-SPME were not satisfactory, since 14 of the compounds tested were not properly recovered and the overall performance was worse than the other two methods tested. LLE, SPE and HS-SPME (using polyacrylate fiber) procedures also showed good linearity and precision. Using any of the three methodologies tested, limits of quantitation obtained for most of the detected compounds were in the low nanogram per liter range.
Descriptors
Links
Book Title
Database
Publisher
Elsevier B.V
Data Source
Authors
Robles-Molina,J., Gilbert-Lopez,B., Garcia-Reyes,J.F., Molina-Diaz,A.
Original/Translated Title
URL
Date of Electronic
20130925
PMCID
Editors
|
|||
| Determination of bisphenol A diglycidyl ether and its hydrolysis and chlorohydroxy derivatives by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry | 2004 | Analytical Chemistry, Nutrition and Bromatology Department, Pharmacy Faculty, Campus Sur University of Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain. | Read more... |
|
Source Type
Print(0)
Ref Type
Journal Article
Periodical, Full
Journal of chromatography.A
Periodical, Abbrev.
J.Chromatogr.A
Pub Date Free Form
2-Apr
Volume
1032
Issue
2-Jan
Start Page
37
Other Pages
43
Notes
LR: 20131121; JID: 9318488; 0 (Benzhydryl Compounds); 0 (Ethers); 0 (Phenols); MLT3645I99 (bisphenol A); ppublish
Place of Publication
Netherlands
ISSN/ISBN
0021-9673; 0021-9673
Accession Number
PMID: 15065774
Language
eng
SubFile
Journal Article; IM
DOI
Output Language
Unknown(0)
PMID
15065774
Abstract
European Legislation establishes that the sum of the migration levels of bisphenol A diglycidyl ether (BADGE), its hydrolysis (BADGE.H2O and BADGE.2H2O) and chlorohydroxy (BADGE.HCl, BADGE.2HCl and BADGE.H2O.HCl) derivatives shall not exceed the limit of 1 mg/kg in foodstuffs or food simulants. A reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatographic (RP-HPLC) method combined with mass spectrometry detection using atmospheric pressure chemical ionisation (APCI) is developed for the separation, quantification and identification of the interesting compounds. Quantification of the analytes was carried out in the single ion recording mode, once their characteristic masses were selected from their full spectra, by using an external calibration. The optimised method was suitable for the migration evaluation of these compounds in different samples.
Descriptors
Benzhydryl Compounds, Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid/methods, Ethers, Hydrolysis, Mass Spectrometry/methods, Phenols/analysis/chemistry, Reproducibility of Results, Sensitivity and Specificity
Links
Book Title
Database
Publisher
Data Source
Authors
Sendon Garcia,R., Paseiro Losada,P.
Original/Translated Title
URL
Date of Electronic
PMCID
Editors
|
|||
| Migration of BADGE (bisphenol A diglycidyl-ether) and BFDGE (bisphenol F diglycidyl-ether) in canned seafood | 2008 | ANFACO-CECOPESCA, Col Univ 16, Vigo, Spain. agcabado@anfaco.es | Read more... |
|
Source Type
Print(0)
Ref Type
Journal Article
Periodical, Full
Food and chemical toxicology : an international journal published for the British Industrial Biological Research Association
Periodical, Abbrev.
Food Chem.Toxicol.
Pub Date Free Form
May
Volume
46
Issue
5
Start Page
1674
Other Pages
1680
Notes
LR: 20131121; JID: 8207483; 0 (Benzhydryl Compounds); 0 (Carcinogens); 0 (Epoxy Compounds); 0 (Indicators and Reagents); 0 (Lipids); 0 (bisphenol F diglycidyl ether); F3XRM1NX4H (2,2-bis(4-glycidyloxyphenyl)propane); 2007/01/11 [received]; 2007/08/29 [rev
Place of Publication
England
ISSN/ISBN
0278-6915; 0278-6915
Accession Number
PMID: 18289761
Language
eng
SubFile
Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; IM
DOI
10.1016/j.fct.2008.01.006 [doi]
Output Language
Unknown(0)
PMID
18289761
Abstract
Migration of potentially toxic materials used for the lining of commercial can goods remains an important issue, especially with respect to certain types of processed foods. Seafood is one type where more information is needed with respect to other ingredients used for adding value to fishery products. Most cans are internally coated with starters of resins such as bisphenol A diglycidyl-ether (BADGE) and bisphenol F diglycidyl-ether (BFDGE), both considered as toxic compounds. Several seafood products, sardines, tuna fish, mackerel, mussels, cod and mackerel eggs, were manufactured in different conditions changing covering sauce, time and temperature of storage and heat-treated for sterilization in cans. Migration kinetics of BADGE and BFDGE from varnish into canned products were evaluated by HPLC in 70 samples after 6, 12 or 18 months of storage. Results showed that there is no migration of BADGE in tuna fish, sardines, mussels or cod. However, migration of BFDGE occurs in all species, in a storage time-dependent way and content of fat, although migration of these compounds is not affected by sterilization conditions. All samples analyzed presented values lower than 9 mg BADGE/kg net product without exceeding European limits. However, concerning BFDGE migration, European legislation does not allow the use and/or the presence of BFDGE. Main migration takes place in mackerel reaching the highest values, 0.74 mg BFDGE/kg and 0.34 mg BADGE/kg net product, in red pepper sauce.
Descriptors
Animals, Benzhydryl Compounds, Bivalvia, Carcinogens/analysis, Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid, Epoxy Compounds/analysis, Food Analysis, Food Preservation, Gadus morhua, Indicators and Reagents, Lipids/analysis, Perciformes, Reproducibility of Results, Seafood/analysis, Sterilization, Temperature, Time Factors, Tuna
Links
Book Title
Database
Publisher
Data Source
Authors
Cabado,A. G., Aldea,S., Porro,C., Ojea,G., Lago,J., Sobrado,C., Vieites,J. M.
Original/Translated Title
URL
Date of Electronic
20080112
PMCID
Editors
|
|||
| Molecular and phenotypic characterisation of extended spectrum beta-lactamase CTX-M Escherichia coli from farm animals in Great Britain | 2012 | Animal Health and Veterinary Laboratories Agency (Weybridge), New Haw, Addlestone, Surrey KT15 3NB, United Kingdom. | Read more... |
|
Source Type
Print(0)
Ref Type
Journal Article
Periodical, Full
Research in veterinary science
Periodical, Abbrev.
Res.Vet.Sci.
Pub Date Free Form
Dec
Volume
93
Issue
3
Start Page
1142
Other Pages
1150
Notes
CI: Crown Copyright (c) 2012; JID: 0401300; 0 (Anti-Bacterial Agents); EC 3.5.2.6 (beta-Lactamases); 2011/12/07 [received]; 2012/04/30 [revised]; 2012/05/07 [accepted]; 2012/06/15 [aheadofprint]; ppublish
Place of Publication
England
ISSN/ISBN
1532-2661; 0034-5288
Accession Number
PMID: 22704719
Language
eng
SubFile
Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; IM
DOI
10.1016/j.rvsc.2012.05.001 [doi]
Output Language
Unknown(0)
PMID
22704719
Abstract
The aim of this study was to characterise CTX-M Escherichia coli isolates from cattle, chickens and turkeys in Great Britain with respect to CTX-M sequence type, replicon type, ability to transfer plasmids, and for the presence of antibiotic resistance, fitness and virulence genes as determined by micro-arrays. The main CTX-M enzymes identified in E. coli from cattle, chicken and turkeys were 14 and 15, 1 and 15, and 1 and 14 respectively. Most isolates from different animal species transferred their plasmids with similar frequencies. The plasmid replicon type I1-lambda was most common and seen in 23%, 95% and 50% of the isolates tested from cattle, chickens and turkeys respectively, whilst types F, FIA, FIB and K were common to isolates from cattle and turkeys only. Thirty-eight different antibiotic resistance genes were detected by micro-array including aad genes, blaCTX-M, blaTEM, cat genes dfrA, floR, strA, strB, sul, sul2 tetA and tetB. Thirty-nine different fitness and virulence genes were also detected by-micro-array, including espP, ireA, lpfA, mchF, prfB and tsh. Fisher exact test and hierarchical clustering of the antibiotic resistance and virulence gene results showed some genes were more commonly associated with isolates from chickens or cattle. This study provides a baseline of the characteristics of CTX-M E. coli isolates from animals in Great Britain and suggests that chicken and cattle CTX-M E. coli represent different populations.
Descriptors
Links
Book Title
Database
Publisher
. Published by Elsevier India Pvt Ltd. All rights reserved
Data Source
Authors
Toszeghy,M., Phillips,N., Reeves,H., Wu,G., Teale,C., Coldham,N., Randall,L.
Original/Translated Title
URL
Date of Electronic
20120615
PMCID
Editors
|
|||
| Assessing the Consequences of Implementing Graphic Warning Labels on Cigarette Packs for Tobacco-Related Health Disparities | 2015 | Annenberg School for Communication, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA; lgibson@asc.upenn.edu.; Centre for Behavioural Research in Cancer, Cancer Council Victoria, Melbourne, Australia.; Annenberg School for Communication, University of Pennsylv | Read more... |
|
Source Type
Print(0)
Ref Type
Journal Article
Periodical, Full
Nicotine & tobacco research : official journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco
Periodical, Abbrev.
Nicotine Tob.Res.
Pub Date Free Form
Aug
Volume
17
Issue
8
Start Page
898
Other Pages
907
Notes
LR: 20160801; CI: (c) The Author 2015; GR: P20-CA095856/CA/NCI NIH HHS/United States; GR: P20-CA095856-09S1/CA/NCI NIH HHS/United States; JID: 9815751; OID: NLM: PMC4580548; ppublish
Place of Publication
England
ISSN/ISBN
1469-994X; 1462-2203
Accession Number
PMID: 26180214
Language
eng
SubFile
Journal Article; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural; IM
DOI
10.1093/ntr/ntv082 [doi]
Output Language
Unknown(0)
PMID
26180214
Abstract
INTRODUCTION: Population-level communication interventions, such as graphic warning labels (GWLs) on cigarette packs, have the potential to reduce or exacerbate tobacco-related health disparities depending on their effectiveness among disadvantaged sub-populations. This study evaluated the likely impact of nine GWLs proposed by the US Food and Drug Administration on (1) African American and (2) Hispanic smokers, who disproportionately bear the burden of tobacco-related illness, and (3) low education smokers, who have higher smoking rates. METHODS: Data were collected online from current smokers randomly assigned to see GWLs (treatment) or the current text-only warning labels (control). Participants were stratified by age (18-25; 26+) in each of four groups: general population (n = 1246), African Americans (n = 1200), Hispanics (n = 1200), and low education (n = 1790). We tested the effectiveness of GWLs compared to text-only warning labels using eight outcomes that are predictive of quitting intentions or behaviors including negative emotion, intentions to hold back from smoking, intentions to engage in avoidance behaviors, and intentions to quit. RESULTS: Across all outcomes, GWLs were significantly more effective than text-only warning labels more often than expected by chance. Results suggested that African Americans, Hispanics and smokers with low education did not differ from the general population of smokers in their reactions to any of the nine individual GWLs. CONCLUSIONS: The nine GWLs were similarly effective for disadvantaged sub-populations and the general population of smokers. Implementation of GWLs is therefore unlikely to reduce or exacerbate existing tobacco-related health disparities, but will most likely uniformly increase intentions and behaviors predictive of smoking cessation.
Descriptors
Links
Book Title
Database
Publisher
. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco
Data Source
Authors
Gibson,L., Brennan,E., Momjian,A., Shapiro-Luft,D., Seitz,H., Cappella,J.N.
Original/Translated Title
URL
Date of Electronic
PMCID
PMC4580548
Editors
|
|||
| Absence of co-localization between pathovar-associated virulence factors and extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (blaCTX-M) genes on a single plasmid | 2016 | Anses, Laboratoire de Lyon, Unite Antibioresistance et Virulence Bacteriennes, Lyon, France. Electronic address: charlotte.valat@anses.fr.; Anses, Laboratoire de Lyon, Unite Antibioresistance et Virulence Bacteriennes, Lyon, France.; Anses, Laboratoire de | Read more... |
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Source Type
Print(0)
Ref Type
Journal Article
Periodical, Full
Veterinary microbiology
Periodical, Abbrev.
Vet.Microbiol.
Pub Date Free Form
30-Aug
Volume
192
Issue
Start Page
163
Other Pages
166
Notes
CI: Copyright (c) 2016; JID: 7705469; OTO: NOTNLM; 2016/04/13 [received]; 2016/06/15 [revised]; 2016/07/10 [accepted]; 2016/07/12 [aheadofprint]; ppublish
Place of Publication
Netherlands
ISSN/ISBN
1873-2542; 0378-1135
Accession Number
PMID: 27527778
Language
eng
SubFile
Journal Article; IM
DOI
10.1016/j.vetmic.2016.07.011 [doi]
Output Language
Unknown(0)
PMID
27527778
Abstract
Extended-spectrum beta-lactamases (ESBLs) were reported in virulent food-borne Escherichia coli clones, and numerous genes encoding ESBLs and virulence factors (VFs) are plasmid-mediated. We investigated the plasmidic co-localization of ESBL genes and pathovar-associated VF genes isolated in 18 E. coli isolates from faecal samples of diseased cattle. From the rare ESBL-producing E. coli among the various pathovars, no plasmid co-localization was found between VF and blaCTX-M genes on a single plasmid. However, a link between replicon types and VFs was highlighted: EspP was associated with IncFIB and ToxB with IncB/O. Associations of IncF alleles to VF or CTX-M-types were also identified: CS31A was linked to the allele FIB38 and CTX-M-14 to IncFII2. Also, as illustrated here, IncFII and IncFIB were carried by two different plasmids in a single cell.
Descriptors
Links
Book Title
Database
Publisher
Elsevier B.V
Data Source
Authors
Valat,C., Forest,K., Billet,M., Polizzi,C., Saras,E., Madec,J.Y., Haenni,M.
Original/Translated Title
URL
Date of Electronic
20160712
PMCID
Editors
|
|||
| Simultaneous determination of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and their chlorination by-products in drinking water and the coatings of water pipes by automated solid-phase microextraction followed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry | 2013 | ANSES, Nancy Laboratory for Hydrology, Water Chemistry Department, 40 Rue Lionnois, 54 000 Nancy, France. Electronic address: jtillner@live.com. | Read more... |
|
Source Type
Print(0)
Ref Type
Journal Article
Periodical, Full
Journal of chromatography.A
Periodical, Abbrev.
J.Chromatogr.A
Pub Date Free Form
8-Nov
Volume
1315
Issue
Start Page
36
Other Pages
46
Notes
CI: Copyright (c) 2013; JID: 9318488; 0 (Acetates); 0 (Drinking Water); 0 (Polycyclic Hydrocarbons, Aromatic); 76845O8NMZ (ethyl acetate); OTO: NOTNLM; 2013/06/11 [received]; 2013/09/13 [revised]; 2013/09/16 [accepted]; 2013/09/19 [aheadofprint]; ppublish
Place of Publication
Netherlands
ISSN/ISBN
1873-3778; 0021-9673
Accession Number
PMID: 24094751
Language
eng
SubFile
Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; IM
DOI
10.1016/j.chroma.2013.09.047 [doi]
Output Language
Unknown(0)
PMID
24094751
Abstract
In this study, an automated method for the simultaneous determination of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and their chlorination by-products in drinking water was developed based on online solid-phase microextraction-gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. The main focus was the optimisation of the solid-phase microextraction step. The influence of the agitation rate, type of fibre, desorption time, extraction time, extraction temperature, desorption temperature, and solvent addition was examined. The method was developed and validated using a mixture of 17 PAHs, 11 potential chlorination by-products (chlorinated and oxidised PAHs) and 6 deuterated standards. The limit of quantification was 10 ng/L for all target compounds. The validated method was used to analyse drinking water samples from three different drinking water distribution networks and the presumably coal tar-based pipe coatings of two pipe sections. A number of PAHs were detected in all three networks although individual compositions varied. Several PAH chlorination by-products (anthraquinone, fluorenone, cyclopenta[d,e,f]phenanthrenone, 3-chlorofluoranthene, and 1-chloropyrene) were also found, their presence correlating closely with that of their respective parent compounds. Their concentrations were always below 100 ng/L. In the coatings, all PAHs targeted were detected although concentrations varied between the two coatings (76-12,635 mg/kg and 12-6295 mg/kg, respectively). A number of chlorination by-products (anthraquinone, fluorenone, cyclopenta[d,e,f]phenanthrenone, 3-chlorofluoranthene, and 1-chloropyrene) were also detected (from 40 to 985 mg/kg), suggesting that the reaction of PAHs with disinfectant agents takes place in the coatings and not in the water phase after migration.
Descriptors
Links
Book Title
Database
Publisher
Elsevier B.V
Data Source
Authors
Tillner,J., Hollard,C., Bach,C., Rosin,C., Munoz,J.F., Dauchy,X.
Original/Translated Title
URL
Date of Electronic
20130919
PMCID
Editors
|
|||
| Characterization of plasmids encoding extended-spectrum beta-lactamases and their addiction systems circulating among Escherichia coli clinical isolates in the UK | 2012 | Antibiotic Resistance Monitoring & Reference Laboratory, HPA-Colindale, 61 Colindale Avenue, London NW9 5EQ, UK. michel.doumith@hpa.org.uk | Read more... |
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Source Type
Print(0)
Ref Type
Journal Article
Periodical, Full
The Journal of antimicrobial chemotherapy
Periodical, Abbrev.
J.Antimicrob.Chemother.
Pub Date Free Form
Apr
Volume
67
Issue
4
Start Page
878
Other Pages
885
Notes
JID: 7513617; 0 (Anti-Bacterial Agents); 0 (DNA, Bacterial); EC 3.5.2.6 (beta-Lactamases); 2011/12/29 [aheadofprint]; ppublish
Place of Publication
England
ISSN/ISBN
1460-2091; 0305-7453
Accession Number
PMID: 22210753
Language
eng
SubFile
Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; IM
DOI
10.1093/jac/dkr553 [doi]
Output Language
Unknown(0)
PMID
22210753
Abstract
OBJECTIVES: To characterize plasmids encoding extended-spectrum beta-lactamases (ESBLs) from a recent UK collection of clinical Escherichia coli isolates. METHODS: The isolates comprised 118 ESBL producers referred from 54 laboratories. Plasmids were transferred by electroporation, and their incompatibility groups, associated addiction systems and resistance genes with the flanking genetic environments were identified by PCR or sequencing. RESULTS: Seventy isolates had plasmids encoding CTX-M-15 (n = 53), CTX-M-14 (n =9), CTX-M-27 (n = 1), CTX-M-3 (n = 2) and SHV-12 (n = 5) ESBLs that were transformable; non-transformable ESBLs were mainly CTX-M enzymes (42/48). Most transformable bla(CTX-M-15) genes (43/53) were harboured on single replicon or multireplicon IncF plasmids, with IncFIA4-FIB1-FII31 (n = 11) and IncFIA1-FII2 (n = 15) being most frequent; the latter included eight pEK499 plasmids, typical of UK epidemic strain A. Plasmids harbouring bla(CTX-M-14) belonged variously to IncF, IncI1 and IncHI2 types, and 16 encoding CTX-M or SHV enzymes were non-typeable. Only IncF plasmid types carried the addiction systems sought and those with bla(CTX-M-15) frequently harboured bla(OXA-1) and aac(6')-Ib-cr, and often transferred trimethoprim and tetracycline resistance; those with bla(CTX-M-14) encoded trimethoprim, sulphonamide, streptomycin and tetracycline resistance. Most ESBL genes were associated with the well-known mobile elements ISEcp1 and IS26, but nearly half (23/55) of the ISEcp1 sequences upstream of bla(CTX-M-15) were interrupted by an IS26 at various positions. CONCLUSIONS: Most ESBLs (70/118) were encoded by transformable plasmids, although a sizable minority could not be transformed. The majority of transformable plasmids (51/70; 72.9%) were diverse multiresistant IncF types possessing multiple addiction systems. The spread of bla(CTX-M-15) can be attributed not just to clonal expansion, but also to the horizontal dissemination of related plasmids.
Descriptors
Links
Book Title
Database
Publisher
Data Source
Authors
Doumith,M., Dhanji,H., Ellington,M.J., Hawkey,P., Woodford,N.
Original/Translated Title
URL
Date of Electronic
20111229
PMCID
Editors
|
|||
| Prediction of water pipe damage based on assumed seismic ground motion in Osaka city | 2000 | Aoyama, T., Osaka Municipal Waterworks Bureau, Osaka, Japan | Read more... |
|
Source Type
Print(0)
Ref Type
Journal Article
Periodical, Full
Water Supply
Periodical, Abbrev.
Water Supply
Pub Date Free Form
2000/
Volume
18
Issue
3
Start Page
57
Other Pages
62
Notes
Place of Publication
ISSN/ISBN
0735-1917
Accession Number
Language
SubFile
DOI
Output Language
Unknown(0)
PMID
Abstract
Descriptors
city planning, conference paper, earthquake, environmental management, environmental planning, Japan, pipeline, water supply
Links
Book Title
Database
Embase
Publisher
Data Source
Embase
Authors
Aoyama,T.
Original/Translated Title
URL
Date of Electronic
PMCID
Editors
|
|||