WTS database

Title	Pub Year Sort descending	Author	SearchLink
Nocturnal stomatal conductance effects on the Î´18O signatures of foliage gas exchange observed in two forest ecosystems	2007	Seibt, U., Department of Global Ecology, Carnegie Institution of Washington, Stanford, CA 94305, United States	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Tree physiology Periodical, Abbrev. Tree Physiol. Pub Date Free Form / Volume 27 Issue 4 Start Page 585 Other Pages 595 Notes Place of Publication ISSN/ISBN 0829-318X Accession Number Language SubFile DOI Output Language Unknown(0) PMID Abstract We report field observations of oxygen isotope (18O) discrimination during nocturnal foliage respiration (18Î” R) in branch chambers in two forest ecosystems: a Sitka spruce (Picea sitchensis (Bong.) Carr.) plantation in Scotland; and a beech (Fagus sylvatica L.) forest in Germany. We used observations and modeling to examine the impact of nocturnal stomatal conductance on the 18O/16O (Î´18O) signatures of foliage gas exchange at night. We found that nocturnal stomatal conductance can influence the Î´18O signature by affecting: (1) the bidirectional diffusion of CO2 into and out of the leaf (with isotopie equilibration); and (2) the 18O enrichment of the foliage water with which the CO2 equilibrates. Both effects were manifest in high apparent 18Î”R values and enriched Î´18O signatures of foliage water at night. The effects were more pronounced for Sitka spruce because of its higher nocturnal stomatal conductance and higher specific leaf water content compared to beech. We found that taking the effects of nocturnal stomatal conductance into account may change the sign of the Î´18O signature of nocturnal foliage respiration, generally thought to decrease the Î´18O of atmospheric CO2. We conclude that nocturnal stomatal exchange can have a profound effect on isotopic exchange depending on species and environmental conditions. These effects can be important when using Î´18O signatures of canopy CO2 to distinguish foliage and soil respiration, and when modeling the Î´18O signature of CO2 exchanged between ecosystems and the atmosphere. Â© 2007 Heron Publishing. Descriptors carbon dioxide, oxygen, beech, biological model, circadian rhythm, conference paper, darkness, ecosystem, metabolism, plant leaf, spruce, tree Links Book Title Database MEDLINE Publisher Data Source Embase Authors Seibt,U., Wingate,L., Berry,J. A. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic PMCID Editors
Secondhand smoke levels in Scottish pubs: the effect of smoke-free legislation	2007	Department of Environmental & Occupational Medicine, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, AB25 2ZP, UK. sean.semple@abdn.ac.uk	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Tobacco control Periodical, Abbrev. Tob.Control Pub Date Free Form Apr Volume 16 Issue 2 Start Page 127 Other Pages 132 Notes LR: 20140907; JID: 9209612; 0 (Air Pollutants, Occupational); 0 (Particulate Matter); 0 (Tobacco Smoke Pollution); OID: NLM: PMC2598470; ppublish Place of Publication England ISSN/ISBN 1468-3318; 0964-4563 Accession Number PMID: 17400951 Language eng SubFile Comparative Study; Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; IM DOI 16/2/127 [pii] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 17400951 Abstract OBJECTIVE: To compare levels of particulate matter, as a marker of secondhand smoke (SHS) levels, in pubs before and 2 months after the implementation of Scottish legislation to prohibit smoking in substantially enclosed public places. DESIGN: Comparison of SHS levels before and after the legislation in a random selection of 41 pubs in 2 Scottish cities. METHODS: Fine particulate matter <2.5 microm in diameter (PM2.5) was measured discreetly for 30 min in each bar on 1 or 2 visits in the 8 weeks preceding the starting date of the Smoking, Health and Social Care (Scotland) Act 2005 and then again 2 months after the ban. Repeat visits were undertaken on the same day of the week and at approximately the same time of the day. RESULTS: PM2.5 levels before the introduction of the legislation averaged 246 microg/m3 (range 8-902 microg/m3). The average level reduced to 20 microg/m3 (range 6-104 microg/m3) in the period after the ban. Levels of SHS were reduced in all 53 post-ban visits, with the average reduction being 86% (range 12-99%). PM2.5 concentrations in most pubs post-ban were comparable to the outside ambient air PM2.5 level. CONCLUSIONS: This study has produced the largest dataset of pre- and post-ban SHS levels in pubs of all worldwide smoke-free legislations introduced to date. Our results show that compliance with the Smoking, Health and Social Care (Scotland) Act 2005 has been high and this has led to a marked reduction in SHS concentrations in Scottish pubs, thereby reducing both the occupational exposure of workers in the hospitality sector and that of non-smoking patrons. Descriptors Air Pollutants, Occupational/analysis, Air Pollution, Indoor/analysis/legislation & jurisprudence/prevention & control, Environmental Monitoring/methods, Guideline Adherence, Humans, Particulate Matter/analysis, Scotland, Smoking/legislation & jurisprudence/prevention & control, Tobacco Smoke Pollution/analysis/legislation & jurisprudence/prevention & control Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Semple,S., Creely,K. S., Naji,A., Miller,B. G., Ayres,J. G. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic PMCID PMC2598470 Editors
Superparamagnetic nanoparticles in tap water	2007	Grant, J.R., Department of Physics and Astronomy, Howard University, Washington, DC 20059, United States	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Water research Periodical, Abbrev. Water Res. Pub Date Free Form / Volume 41 Issue 13 Start Page 3005 Other Pages 3011 Notes Place of Publication ISSN/ISBN 0043-1354 Accession Number Language SubFile DOI Output Language Unknown(0) PMID Abstract Magnetization measurements are a useful tool in the characterization of corrosion products formed in municipal water pipes made of iron or steel. Fine particles formed in corrosion processes exhibit superparamagnetic behavior. The size of such particles, which determines their capacity to adsorb hazardous species, can therefore be found from magnetic measurements. Application of this methodology to samples extracted from flowing and stagnant tap water, respectively, has shown that the flowing water samples contained multidomain (>100 nm) ferromagnetic particles as well as aggregates of very fine superparamagnetic subdomain particles. The sizes of the fine particles are of the order of 3.2-5.6 nm. In addition to small subdomain superparamagnetic particles stagnant water samples also contained larger subdomain particles with average dimensions of 59-67 nm. Both large and small subdomain particles were trapped by the fine charcoal in household filters. Â© 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. Descriptors charcoal, drinking water, ferromagnetic material, iron, nanoparticle, steel, tap water, article, corrosion, magnetism, particle size, priority journal, water analysis, water flow, water sampling Links Book Title Database Embase; MEDLINE Publisher Data Source Embase Authors Senftle,F. E., Thorpe,A. N., Grant,J. R., Barkatt,A. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic PMCID Editors
An ecological study of lactic acid bacteria from Almagro eggplant fermentation brines	2007	Departamento de Quimica Analitica y Tecnologia de Alimentos, Facultad de Ciencias del Medio Ambiente, Campus Tecnologico de la Fabrica de Armas, Toledo, Spain. susana.sprieto@uclm.es	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Journal of applied microbiology Periodical, Abbrev. J.Appl.Microbiol. Pub Date Free Form Nov Volume 103 Issue 5 Start Page 1553 Other Pages 1561 Notes JID: 9706280; 0 (DNA, Bacterial); 0 (Salts); 0 (brine); ppublish Place of Publication England ISSN/ISBN 1364-5072; 1364-5072 Accession Number PMID: 17953566 Language eng SubFile Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; IM DOI JAM3387 [pii] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 17953566 Abstract AIM: Identification of the predominant lactic acid bacteria (LAB) involved in spontaneous fermentations of Almagro eggplants, and evaluation of the biodiversity by molecular typing. METHODS AND RESULTS: Almagro eggplant fermentations in three factories (A, B and C) enjoying Protected Designation of Origin (PDO) status were monitored by chemical and microbiological analysis of brines. LAB isolates from brines were identified by phenotypic analysis and by species-specific PCR reactions and typed by randomly amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD)-PCR. All isolates from factories A and C belonged to the genus Lactobacillus (Lact.), whereas isolates from factory B belonged to Lactobacillus (50%), Leuconostoc (Ln.) (25%) and Lactococcus (Lc.) (25%); 1.9% of this microbiota was considered cosmopolitan. The genera Leuconostoc and Lactococcus and the species Lact. acidophilus and Lact. paracasei had never previously been reported in Almagro eggplant fermentations. CONCLUSION: Considerable differences in the composition of the lactic acid microbiota participating in the Almagro eggplant fermentations exist. Brine NaCl concentration has a notable influence both in number and in the species participating. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY: The original aspect of this work consists of an ecological study of the LAB taking part in spontaneous Almagro eggplant fermentations from different factories. Participation of Leuconostoc and Lactococcus species and of Lact. acidophilus and Lact. paracasei, which had never before been described for this pickle, and the evidence that a lactic fermentation does not always take place, were the most relevant results. Descriptors Biodiversity, Colony Count, Microbial, DNA, Bacterial/analysis, Fermentation, Food Microbiology, Food Preservation, Food Technology, Food-Processing Industry, Lactobacillaceae/genetics/isolation & purification, Lactobacillus/genetics/isolation & purification, Lactobacillus acidophilus/genetics/isolation & purification, Lactococcus/genetics/isolation & purification, Leuconostoc/genetics/isolation & purification, Phenotype, Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA Technique, Salts, Solanum melongena/microbiology Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Sesena,S., Palop,M. L. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic PMCID Editors
Iron and copper release in drinking-water distribution systems	2007	Chinese Academy of Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Environmental Aquatic Chemistry, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Haidian, Beijing, China. byshi@rcees.ac.cn	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Journal of environmental health Periodical, Abbrev. J.Environ.Health Pub Date Free Form Sep Volume 70 Issue 2 Start Page 29 Other Pages 36, 44, 46 Notes LR: 20131121; JID: 0405525; 0 (Disinfectants); 0 (Water Pollutants, Chemical); 4R7X1O2820 (Chlorine); 789U1901C5 (Copper); E1UOL152H7 (Iron); ppublish Place of Publication United States ISSN/ISBN 0022-0892; 0022-0892 Accession Number PMID: 17886579 Language eng SubFile Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; IM DOI Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 17886579 Abstract A large-scale pilot study was carried out to evaluate the impacts of changes in water source and treatment process on iron and copper release in water distribution systems. Finished surface waters, groundwaters, and desalinated waters were produced with seven different treatment systems and supplied to 18 pipe distribution systems (PDSs). The major water treatment processes included lime softening, ferric sulfate coagulation, reverse osmosis, nanofiltration, and integrated membrane systems. PDSs were constructed from PVC, lined cast iron, unlined cast iron, and galvanized pipes. Copper pipe loops were set up for corrosion monitoring. Results showed that surface water after ferric sulfate coagulation had low alkalinity and high sulfates, and consequently caused the highest iron release. Finished groundwater treated by conventional method produced the lowest iron release but the highest copper release. The iron release of desalinated water was relatively high because of the water's high chloride level and low alkalinity. Both iron and copper release behaviors were influenced by temperature. Descriptors Chlorine/chemistry, Copper/analysis/chemistry, Corrosion, Disinfectants/chemistry, Environmental Monitoring, Iron/analysis/chemistry, Water Pollutants, Chemical/analysis/chemistry, Water Purification/methods, Water Supply/analysis Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Shi,B., Taylor,J. S. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic PMCID Editors
In vitro biofilm characterization and activity of antifungal agents alone and in combination against sessile and planktonic clinical Candida albicans isolates	2007	Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN 55905, USA.	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Diagnostic microbiology and infectious disease Periodical, Abbrev. Diagn.Microbiol.Infect.Dis. Pub Date Free Form Mar Volume 57 Issue 3 Start Page 277 Other Pages 281 Notes LR: 20141120; JID: 8305899; 0 (Antifungal Agents); 0 (Echinocandins); 0 (Peptides, Cyclic); 0 (Pyrimidines); 0 (Triazoles); F0XDI6ZL63 (caspofungin); JFU09I87TR (Voriconazole); 2006/08/04 [received]; 2006/09/12 [revised]; 2006/09/15 [accepted]; 2006/12/01 Place of Publication United States ISSN/ISBN 0732-8893; 0732-8893 Accession Number PMID: 17141454 Language eng SubFile Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; IM DOI S0732-8893(06)00370-1 [pii] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 17141454 Abstract Thirty clinical isolates of Candida albicans were collected from blood or other sterile site infections. Biofilm dry weight and metabolic activity were measured for each isolate. Planktonic and sessile antifungal susceptibilities of each isolate were determined for amphotericin B deoxycholate, caspofungin, and voriconazole. Sessile susceptibilities were determined for the combination of caspofungin/voriconazole. No significant differences in biofilm dry weight or metabolic activity were found between bloodstream and other invasive isolates. Planktonic MIC90 values and sessile MIC90 (SMIC90) values were 0.25 and 2, 0.06 and >256, and 0.5 and 2 microg/mL for amphotericin, voriconazole, and caspofungin, respectively. The SMIC90 of the combination of caspofungin/voriconazole against sessile isolates was 0.5/2 microg/mL. Therefore, the source of invasive C. albicans clinical isolates did not affect in vitro biofilm formation. Susceptibility to antifungal agents decreased when C. albicans was associated with biofilm, and the combination of caspofungin/voriconazole did not appear to provide enhanced activity compared with caspofungin alone. Descriptors Antifungal Agents/pharmacology, Biofilms/drug effects, Candida albicans/drug effects/physiology, Drug Therapy, Combination, Echinocandins, Humans, Microbial Sensitivity Tests/methods, Peptides, Cyclic/pharmacology, Pyrimidines/pharmacology, Triazoles/pharmacology, Voriconazole Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Shuford,J. A., Piper,K. E., Steckelberg,J. M., Patel,R. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic 20061201 PMCID Editors
Waterpipe smoking as a replacement for cigarette smoking	2007		Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Pharmazeutische Zeitung Periodical, Abbrev. Pharm.Ztg. Pub Date Free Form 2007/08 Volume 152 Issue 34 Start Page 30 Other Pages Notes Place of Publication ISSN/ISBN 0031-7136 Accession Number Language SubFile DOI Output Language Unknown(0) PMID Abstract Descriptors nicotine, tobacco smoke, smoking, human, note, risk reduction, water pipe smoking, world health organization Links Book Title Wasserpfeife als einstieg fÃ¼rs rauchen Database Embase Publisher Data Source Embase Authors Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic PMCID Editors
Gender differences in smoking behavior among adolescents in Saudi Arabia	2007	Faculty of Medicine, King Fahad Medical City, College of Applied Medicine, King Saud University, PO Box 59048 Riyadh 11525, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. Abdallaali63@hotmail.com	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Saudi medical journal Periodical, Abbrev. Saudi Med.J. Pub Date Free Form Jul Volume 28 Issue 7 Start Page 1102 Other Pages 1108 Notes LR: 20141120; JID: 7909441; ppublish Place of Publication Saudi Arabia ISSN/ISBN 0379-5284; 0379-5284 Accession Number PMID: 17603720 Language eng SubFile Comparative Study; Journal Article; IM DOI 20060965' [pii] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 17603720 Abstract OBJECTIVE: To describe and assess gender differences in current cigarette smokers' according to certain variables including prevalence, access to tobacco, knowledge and attitude, environmental tobacco smoke, cessation of smoking, tobacco related advertisements, and education on tobacco in school among adolescents in grades 7-12 in Tabuk, Saudi Arabia. METHODS: A random sample of schools in Tabuk city was obtained using a 2-stage cluster, in April 2005. A total of 16 governmental schools were selected. Within the schools, 48 classes were selected, targeting grades was 7 to 12. An anonymous, self-administered questionnaire was used to select 1,505 participants, with 96% response rate. RESULTS: Out of 1,505 students, 22.3% (34% males, 11.1% females) were current cigarette smokers (students who had smoked on one or more days in the 30 days preceding the survey), and 5.8% (11.1% males, 0.7% females) were daily smokers. There were significant gender differences concerning source of cigarettes, usual place of smoke, intensity of smoking, knowledge on addiction of tobacco, exposure to education on tobacco, attitudes, and exposure to tobacco smoke in public places. While no significant gender differences were found with respect to age of initiation, knowledge of health hazards of tobacco, exposure to media, desire to quit, or exposure to tobacco smoke at home. CONCLUSION: For the suppression of the use of tobacco by adolescents in Saudi Arabia differential intervention strategies and policies in males and females are needed, such as reducing youth access to cigarettes-in addition to intensive school and community anti-tobacco programs. Descriptors Adolescent, Child, Female, Humans, Male, Psychology, Adolescent, Saudi Arabia, Sex Factors, Smoking, Smoking Cessation Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Abdalla,A. M., Al-Kaabba,A. F., Saeed,A. A., Abdulrahman,B. M., Raat,H. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic PMCID Editors
Antioxidant activity and cytotoxicity study of the flavonol glycosides from Bauhinia galpinii	2007	Department of Chemistry, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Nigeria. marogba@oauife.edu.ng	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Natural product research Periodical, Abbrev. Nat.Prod.Res. Pub Date Free Form Jun Volume 21 Issue 7 Start Page 591 Other Pages 599 Notes LR: 20091119; JID: 101167924; 0 (Antioxidants); 0 (Biphenyl Compounds); 0 (Flavonols); 0 (Formazans); 0 (Glycosides); 0 (Hydrazines); 0 (Picrates); 0 (Tetrazolium Salts); 1898-66-4 (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl); 23305-68-2 (MTT formazan); ppublish Place of Publication England ISSN/ISBN 1478-6419; 1478-6419 Accession Number PMID: 17613816 Language eng SubFile Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; IM DOI 779728379 [pii] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 17613816 Abstract The antioxidant activity of the crude extract and solvent fractions obtained from the leaves of Bauhinia galpinii was evaluated in terms of capacity to scavenge 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) free radicals. The crude extract and the more polar solvent fractions (ethyl acetate and butanol) showed considerable antioxidant activity. The antioxidant potential of the extracts, expressed as EC50, ranged between 28.85 +/- 1.28 microg mL(-1)and 118.16 +/- 6.41 microg mL(-1). L-Ascorbic acid was used as a standard (EC50 = 19.79 +/- 0.14 microM). Bioassay guided fractionation of the two active solvent fractions led to the isolation of three flavonoid glycosides, identified as: quercetin-3-O-galactopyranoside (1), myricetin-3-O-galactopyranoside (2), and 2''-O-rhamnosylvitexin (3). These compounds are reported for the first time from this species. The structures of the compounds were determined on the basis of spectral studies (1H NMR, 13C NMR and MS). Their antioxidant potential was evaluated using a DPPH spectrophotometric assay. Compound 2 had higher and 3 had lower antioxidant activity than L-ascorbic acid. No cytotoxic effects were displayed by compounds 1 and 3, but compound 2 was cytotoxic to Vero cells (LC50 = 74.68 microg mL(-1)) and bovine dermis cells (LC50 = 30.69 microg mL(-1)). Descriptors Animals, Antioxidants/chemistry/isolation & purification/pharmacology, Bauhinia/chemistry, Biphenyl Compounds/chemistry, Cattle, Cell Survival/drug effects, Cercopithecus aethiops, Flavonols/chemistry/isolation & purification/pharmacology, Formazans/metabolism, Glycosides/chemistry/isolation & purification/pharmacology, Hydrazines/chemistry, Mass Spectrometry, Nuclear Magnetic Resonance, Biomolecular, Picrates, Plant Leaves/chemistry, Plants, Medicinal/chemistry, Skin/cytology/drug effects, South Africa, Spectrophotometry, Ultraviolet, Tetrazolium Salts/metabolism, Vero Cells Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Aderogba,M. A., McGaw,L. J., Ogundaini,A. O., Eloff,J. N. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic PMCID Editors
Risk factors associated with Intrauterine Growth Retardation (IUGR) in Bandar Abbas	2007	Aghamolaei, T., Department of Health Services, School of Public Health, Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences, Bandar Abbad, Iran	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Journal of Medical Sciences Periodical, Abbrev. J.Med.Sci.(Pakistan) Pub Date Free Form 2007/05 Volume 7 Issue 4 Start Page 665 Other Pages 669 Notes Place of Publication ISSN/ISBN 1682-4474; 1812-5727 Accession Number Language SubFile DOI Output Language Unknown(0) PMID Abstract Children who are born with Intrauterine Growth Retardation (IUGR) have higher rates of seizures, sepsis, respiratory failure and neonatal mortality. The aim of this study was to determine risk factors associated with IUGR. This was a case-control study that carried out in Shariati Hospital of Bandar Abbas. Sixty IUGR and 60 normal birth weight infants were selected in the delivery room. The first normal birth weight baby born, after an IUGR baby, was taken as a control. A structured questionnaire was used to collect socio-demographic data, maternal data including past obstetric history, current pregnancy and delivery data, as well as data about the newborns. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 13 software. Risk factors associated with IUGR in this study were maternal work (OR = 10.2, CI 95% = 1.2-87.3), to have hypertension (OR = 7.4, CI 95% = 1.5-36.9), to use hookah during pregnancy (OR 3.5, CI 95% = 1.1-12.6) and not to use antenatal care (OR = 3.9, CI 95% = 1.2-13.7). Screening women for known risk factors of IUGR, counseling, health education about risks of IUGR and the ways of prevention is necessary to reduce the rate of it. Descriptors anamnesis, article, controlled study, delivery, demography, employment status, female, health education, hospital based case control study, human, infant, intrauterine growth retardation, major clinical study, male, maternal hypertension, obstetrics, patient counseling, pregnancy, prenatal care, risk assessment, risk reduction, screening test, socioeconomics, structured questionnaire Links Book Title Database Embase Publisher Data Source Embase Authors Aghamolaei,T., Eftekhar,H., Zare,S. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic PMCID Editors

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