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Smoking among Lebanese medical students: Prevalence and attitudes	2016	Department of Internal Medicine, American University of Beirut Medical Center, Beirut, Lebanon.; Department of Internal Medicine, American University of Beirut Medical Center, Beirut, Lebanon.; Department of Internal Medicine, American University of Beiru	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Annals of thoracic medicine Periodical, Abbrev. Ann.Thorac.Med. Pub Date Free Form Jul-Sep Volume 11 Issue 3 Start Page 183 Other Pages 190 Notes LR: 20160814; JID: 101280721; OID: NLM: PMC4966220; OTO: NOTNLM; ppublish Place of Publication India ISSN/ISBN 1817-1737; 1998-3557 Accession Number PMID: 27512507 Language eng SubFile Journal Article DOI 10.4103/1817-1737.185757 [doi] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 27512507 Abstract INTRODUCTION: The tobacco epidemic is a major public health threat facing the world. Tobacco dependence is recognized as the greatest preventable cause of disease and death. Medical students are in key position influencing future tobacco cessation programs. OBJECTIVES: The primary objective of this study is to evaluate the prevalence of smoking among medical students across Lebanon and their smoking attitudes. It also investigates their attitude toward smoking, showing where they really stand on this major public health issue. This study helps better tackle anti-smoking campaigns among both physicians and patients. METHODS: This cross-sectional study was conducted by sending a questionnaire to currently enrolled medical students at all seven medical schools in Lebanon. The 32-item questionnaire was used, comprised three sections assessing sociodemographic characteristics, smoking habits, and attitudes toward smoking among Lebanese medical students. The questionnaire was launched online on Limesurvey to retain anonymity. The data were then transferred to Statistical Package for Social Sciences for analysis. Data were expressed as percentages for discrete variables and as mean +/- standard deviation for continuous variables. RESULTS: One hundred sixty-three complete responses remained of the 182 obtained responses. Forty-two of the total 163 students identified themselves as either daily or occasional smokers yielding a prevalence of 25.8%. Smokers were less likely to ask patients about their smoking habit and to counsel them about smoking cessation. Almost one-third of smokers felt that they had no obligations toward the society. CONCLUSION: Approximately 1 in 4 Lebanese medical students is a smoker. Students who smoke are less likely to ask patients about their smoking habits and to counsel them on smoking cessation. This is a major drawback in the fight against tobacco. This calls for better education of our future doctors on smoking cessation to decrease the smoking burden on our Lebanese society and worldwide. Descriptors Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Chidiac,A., Tamim,H., Kanso,M., Tfayli,A. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic PMCID PMC4966220 Editors
Smoking among dental students at King Saud University: Consumption patterns and risk factors	2014	College of Dentistry-King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.; College of Dentistry-King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.; College of Dentistry-King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full The Saudi dental journal Periodical, Abbrev. Saudi Dent.J. Pub Date Free Form Jul Volume 26 Issue 3 Start Page 88 Other Pages 95 Notes LR: 20140728; JID: 9313603; OID: NLM: PMC4095047; OTO: NOTNLM; 2013/11/07 [received]; 2014/02/21 [revised]; 2014/03/31 [accepted]; 2014/05/14 [epublish]; ppublish Place of Publication Saudi Arabia ISSN/ISBN 1013-9052; 1013-9052 Accession Number PMID: 25057228 Language eng SubFile Journal Article DOI 10.1016/j.sdentj.2014.03.003 [doi] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 25057228 Abstract OBJECTIVE: To assess smoking prevalence among dental students at King Saud University (KSU) and to determine possible risk factors of tobacco use. METHODS: A self-addressed invitation letter was sent to all dental students (males and females) at KSU requesting participation in this study. Data on smoking habits, associated risk factors, and demographic factors, such as age, marital status, residency status, the student's year of study, and grade point average, were collected by an electronic self-administered questionnaire sent via email. Data were analyzed using SPSS. Significant differences between different groups were assessed with a Pearson Chi-Square test at alpha = 0.05. Logistic regression analysis was used to calculate the odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (95% CI) and to determine the effect of different risk factors on students' smoking habits. RESULTS: Of the 600 registered dental students, 400 students responded (230 males, 170 females), representing a response rate of 67%. More male than female students were current smokers (27.6% vs. 2.4%, p Descriptors Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors AlSwuailem,A.S., AlShehri,M.K., Al-Sadhan,S. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic 20140514 PMCID PMC4095047 Editors
Smoking affects the subgingival microflora in periodontitis	2001	Department of Oral Biology, Section of Clinical Periodontal Microbiology, Academic Centre for Dentistry, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Journal of periodontology Periodical, Abbrev. J.Periodontol. Pub Date Free Form May Volume 72 Issue 5 Start Page 666 Other Pages 671 Notes LR: 20131121; JID: 8000345; ppublish Place of Publication United States ISSN/ISBN 0022-3492; 0022-3492 Accession Number PMID: 11394403 Language eng SubFile Comparative Study; Journal Article; D; IM DOI 10.1902/jop.2001.72.5.666 [doi] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 11394403 Abstract BACKGROUND: Tobacco smoking has been identified as one major risk factor for destructive periodontal disease. Scaling and root planing have been shown to be less effective in smokers with periodontitis. The aim of the present study was to compare the subgingival microbial flora of treated and untreated smokers and non-smokers. METHODS: Four independent adult patient groups with periodontitis were included in this investigation: 88 untreated smokers (U-S); 90 untreated non-smokers (U-NS); 119 treated non-smokers (T-NS); and 171 treated smokers (T-S). Clinical variables included cumulative plaque index (CPI), probing depth (PD), clinical attachment level (CAL), cumulative bleeding index (CBI), and cumulative suppuration index (CSI). Paper point samples from the deepest bleeding pocket in each quadrant of the dentition were analyzed for the presence and levels of 6 periodontal bacterial pathogens using anaerobic culture techniques. RESULTS: U-S showed a higher mean cumulative plaque index than U-NS (3.5 versus 2.7). Mean PD and mean CAL were higher in the T-S in comparison to the T-NS group (7.0 versus 6.6 mm and 5.6 versus 4.7 mm, respectively). Microbiological characteristics of U-S were a higher prevalence of Prevotella intermedia/nigrescens and higher mean levels of Peptostreptococcus micros (Pm) and Fusobacterium nucleatum (Fn). T-S patients were characterized by higher prevalence of Bacteroides forsythus (Bf), Pm, and Campylobacter rectus (Cr) and higher mean levels of Pm and Fn. The mean percentage of B. forsythus tended to be higher in the T-S group than in the T-NS group (6.9% versus 5.6%). The relative risk to be infected with Bf, Pm, and Cr was statistically higher in smokers (odds ratios: 1.9, 1.9, and 1.6, respectively). The chance to find > or =10% of Bf, Pm, and/or Fn was 3.3 higher in smokers when A. actinomycetemcomitans and P gingivalis were absent. Detection of > or =20% Pm/Fn in treated patients was strongly associated with smoking (odds ratio 13.8, P= 0.002). CONCLUSIONS: Smoking is a determining factor for the composition of the subgingival microflora in adult patients with periodontitis and may select for a specific cluster of periodontal pathogens, notably Bf, Pm, Fn, and Cr. On the basis of these observations, smoking, among other criteria, may be one parameter to use in deciding to treat refractory periodontitis in smokers with a systemic antibiotic therapy directed against smoking-associated periodontal bacteria. Descriptors Adult, Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans/classification, Bacteroides/classification, Campylobacter/classification, Chi-Square Distribution, Dental Plaque Index, Fusobacterium nucleatum/classification, Gingiva/microbiology, Gingival Hemorrhage/classification/microbiology, Gram-Negative Bacteria/classification, Humans, Logistic Models, Middle Aged, Odds Ratio, Peptostreptococcus/classification, Periodontal Attachment Loss/classification/microbiology, Periodontal Index, Periodontal Pocket/classification/microbiology, Periodontitis/microbiology/therapy, Porphyromonas gingivalis/classification, Prevotella/classification, Prevotella intermedia/classification, Risk Factors, Smoking/physiopathology, Statistics, Nonparametric Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors van Winkelhoff,A. J., Bosch-Tijhof,C. J., Winkel,E. G., van der Reijden,W. A. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic PMCID Editors
Smokers' beliefs about the relative safety of other tobacco products: findings from the ITC collaboration	2007	Department of Health Behavior, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, NY 14263, USA. richard.oconnor@roswellpark.org	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Nicotine & tobacco research : official journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco Periodical, Abbrev. Nicotine Tob.Res. Pub Date Free Form Oct Volume 9 Issue 10 Start Page 1033 Other Pages 1042 Notes LR: 20151119; GR: CA100362/CA/NCI NIH HHS/United States; GR: CA111236/CA/NCI NIH HHS/United States; JID: 9815751; ppublish Place of Publication England ISSN/ISBN 1462-2203; 1462-2203 Accession Number PMID: 17943619 Language eng SubFile Journal Article; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; IM DOI 783052257 [pii] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 17943619 Abstract Most tobacco control efforts in western countries focus on the factory-made, mass-produced (FM) cigarette, whereas other tobacco products receive relatively little attention. Noncombusted tobacco products (i.e., referred to as smokeless tobacco), particularly Swedish-style snus, carry lower disease risks, compared with combusted tobacco products such as cigarettes. In this context, it is important to know what tobacco users believe about the relative harmfulness of various types of tobacco products. Data for this study came from random-digit-dialed telephone surveys of current smokers aged 18 or older in Australia, Canada, the United Kingdom, and the United States. Three waves of data, totaling 13,322 individuals, were assessed. Items assessed use of and beliefs about the relative harms of cigars, pipes, smokeless tobacco, and FM and roll-your-own cigarettes, as well as sociodemographics and smoking behaviors. Cigars (2.8%-12.7%) were the other tobacco products most commonly used by current cigarette smokers, followed by pipes (0.3%-2.1%) and smokeless tobacco (0.0%-2.3%). A significant minority of smokers (12%-21%) used roll-your-own cigarettes at least some of the time. About one-quarter of smokers believed that pipes, cigars, or roll-your-own cigarettes were safer than FM cigarettes, whereas only about 13% responded correctly that smokeless tobacco was less hazardous than cigarettes. Multivariate analyses showed that use of other tobacco products was most strongly related to beliefs about the reduced harm of these other products. Use of other tobacco products was low but may be growing among smokers in the four countries studied. Smokers are confused about the relative harms of tobacco products. Health education efforts are needed to correct smoker misperceptions. Descriptors Adult, Australia/epidemiology, Behavior, Addictive/epidemiology/psychology, Canada/epidemiology, Cross-Cultural Comparison, Female, Great Britain/epidemiology, Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Product Labeling, Risk Factors, Risk Reduction Behavior, Risk-Taking, Self Concept, Smoking/epidemiology/psychology, Smoking Cessation/psychology/statistics & numerical data, Surveys and Questionnaires, Tobacco Use Disorder/epidemiology/psychology, United States/epidemiology Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors O'Connor,R. J., McNeill,A., Borland,R., Hammond,D., King,B., Boudreau,C., Cummings,K. M. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic PMCID Editors
Smokers who are also using smokeless tobacco products in the US: a national assessment of characteristics, behaviours and beliefs of 'dual users'	2011	Office on Smoking and Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 4770 Buford Highway, Mailstop K-50, Atlanta, Georgia 30341, USA. amcclave@cdc.gov	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Tobacco control Periodical, Abbrev. Tob.Control Pub Date Free Form May Volume 20 Issue 3 Start Page 239 Other Pages 242 Notes JID: 9209612; 2010/12/19 [aheadofprint]; ppublish Place of Publication England ISSN/ISBN 1468-3318; 0964-4563 Accession Number PMID: 21172853 Language eng SubFile Journal Article; IM DOI 10.1136/tc.2010.039115 [doi] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 21172853 Abstract BACKGROUND: Marketing and advertising of smokeless tobacco products towards cigarette smokers has increased recently. Because the use of multiple tobacco products is a growing public health concern, the present work assesses the use of smokeless tobacco among cigarette smokers, a behaviour termed as 'dual use', as well as attitudes and beliefs on their 'dual use' of tobacco. METHODS: Data were used from the 2008 Consumer Styles survey, a nationally representative, mail-in survey of consumers in the USA (n=10,108). RESULTS: 'Dual use' was more common among cigarette smokers who were young, white men living in the Midwest or South. The majority of 'dual users' reported using smokeless tobacco in places where they could not smoke (67.7%) and did not believe smokeless tobacco would help in quitting smoking (75.1%). 'Dual users' reported planning to quit within the next 6 months less often than adults who smoke cigarettes exclusively and close to half (42.3%) never plan to quit smoking. CONCLUSIONS: Tobacco use is attributed to a number of diseases and deaths worldwide, and cessation of tobacco use can reduce these health risks. The prevalent use of smokeless tobacco in places with smoking restrictions and lack of planning to quit by 'dual users' suggest the need to promote cessation among these users. Descriptors Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors McClave-Regan,A.K., Berkowitz,J. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic 20101219 PMCID Editors
Smokers deprived of cigarettes for 72 h: effect of nicotine patches on craving and withdrawal	2002	GlaxoSmithKline SpA, Medicine Research Centre, Via A. Fleming N 4, 37135 Verona, Italy. vt46971@gsk.com	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Psychopharmacology Periodical, Abbrev. Psychopharmacology (Berl) Pub Date Free Form Nov Volume 164 Issue 2 Start Page 177 Other Pages 187 Notes LR: 20151119; JID: 7608025; 6M3C89ZY6R (Nicotine); 7U1EE4V452 (Carbon Monoxide); K5161X06LL (Cotinine); WI4X0X7BPJ (Hydrocortisone); 2002/01/23 [received]; 2002/06/17 [accepted]; 2002/08/27 [aheadofprint]; ppublish Place of Publication Germany ISSN/ISBN 0033-3158; 0033-3158 Accession Number PMID: 12404080 Language eng SubFile Clinical Trial; Comparative Study; Journal Article; Randomized Controlled Trial; IM DOI 10.1007/s00213-002-1176-1 [doi] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 12404080 Abstract RATIONALE: Research on the effects of nicotine abstinence and nicotine replacement has not provided consistent information about the impact of replacement therapies on tobacco withdrawal and craving. OBJECTIVE: . This study investigated craving and withdrawal symptoms over a 72-h period of abstinence from cigarettes. METHODS: . Twenty-four healthy volunteers, not intending to quit smoking, were housed in an experimental unit during three 72-h conditions, consisting of either free smoking, enforced smoking cessation with nicotine replacement therapy (NRT) patches, or enforced smoking cessation with placebo patches. The conditions were adhered to using a randomized crossover design, each separated by at least 10 days of washout. Patches, administered in a double-blind fashion, were given as nicotine (21 mg/24 h) and placebo every 24 h. Self-reported cigarette craving and withdrawal were assessed using multi-item scales at fixed intervals over each condition period. Urinary and plasma cortisol levels were also assayed at fixed intervals over each period. RESULTS: Craving intensity was significantly lower with free smoke than with placebo and with NRT patches than with placebo. No difference in craving levels was found between those who smoked or those who had NRT patches. Withdrawal symptoms were significantly lower with free smoke than with either placebo or NRT patches, but there was no difference in levels of withdrawal between those on NRT patches and those on placebo. During the placebo and NRT patch periods, craving intensity displayed a circadian rhythm, with craving levels lowest in the morning and peaking in the evening. Nicotine delivered via the patch had no impact on these circadian variations in craving. There was no evidence of systematic temporal variations in craving levels during the free smoking period. CONCLUSIONS: The data suggested that craving and withdrawal symptoms may be sustained by different physiological pathways, and that only selected components of cigarette craving are influenced by NRT. Descriptors Administration, Cutaneous, Adult, Blood Pressure/drug effects, Carbon Monoxide/metabolism, Cotinine/chemistry, Cross-Over Studies, Double-Blind Method, Female, Heart Rate/drug effects, Humans, Hydrocortisone/blood/metabolism/urine, Male, Nicotine/administration & dosage/therapeutic use, Random Allocation, Saliva/drug effects/metabolism, Smoking/drug therapy/physiopathology/psychology, Smoking Cessation, Substance Withdrawal Syndrome/drug therapy/physiopathology/psychology, Surveys and Questionnaires Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Teneggi,V., Tiffany,S. T., Squassante,L., Milleri,S., Ziviani,L., Bye,A. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic 20020827 PMCID Editors
Smoker identity among occasional smokers: findings from Minnesota	2013	Centre for Health Initiatives, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW, Australia. lee.jeongkyu@gmail.com	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full American Journal of Health Behavior Periodical, Abbrev. Am.J.Health Behav. Pub Date Free Form Jul Volume 37 Issue 4 Start Page 525 Other Pages 530 Notes JID: 9602338; ppublish Place of Publication United States ISSN/ISBN 1945-7359; 1087-3244 Accession Number PMID: 23985233 Language eng SubFile Journal Article; IM DOI 10.5993/AJHB.37.4.10 [doi] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 23985233 Abstract OBJECTIVES: To investigate characteristics of occasional smokers who deny being smokers (ie, deniers). METHODS: Data were from 3 rounds of the Minnesota Adult Tobacco Survey (MATS 2003, 2007, and 2010), a statewide, cross-sectional, and random-digit-dial telephone survey. RESULTS: Nearly half of occasional smokers did not view themselves as smokers. Characteristics that were predictive of being a denier included less perceived harm from secondhand smoke, fewer days smoked, and fewer cigarettes smoked per day. CONCLUSIONS: Denial of being a smoker is primarily characterized by very light smoking. Future communication efforts should be tailored for this group. Descriptors Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Lee,J.K., Boyle,R.G., D'Silva,J., St Claire,A.W., Whittet,M.N., Kinney,A.M. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic PMCID Editors
Smokeless and other noncigarette tobacco use and pancreatic cancer: a case-control study based on direct interviews	2004	Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics. National Cancer Institute, NIH, Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, Maryland 20852, USA.	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Cancer epidemiology, biomarkers & prevention : a publication of the American Association for Cancer Research, cosponsored by the American Society of Preventive Oncology Periodical, Abbrev. Cancer Epidemiol.Biomarkers Prev. Pub Date Free Form Jan Volume 13 Issue 1 Start Page 55 Other Pages 58 Notes LR: 20071114; GR: N01-CN-05225/CN/NCI NIH HHS/United States; GR: N01-CN-05227/CN/NCI NIH HHS/United States; GR: N01-CN-31022/CN/NCI NIH HHS/United States; GR: N01-CP-51090/CP/NCI NIH HHS/United States; GR: N01-CP51089/CP/NCI NIH HHS/United States; GR: N01 Place of Publication United States ISSN/ISBN 1055-9965; 1055-9965 Accession Number PMID: 14744733 Language eng SubFile Journal Article; Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.; IM DOI Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 14744733 Abstract Cigarette smoking is an important and well-established cause of pancreatic cancer. In contrast, little is known about the effects of smoking cigars, pipes, and use of smokeless tobacco on pancreatic cancer risk. The objective of the present study was to examine the association between noncigarette tobacco use (i.e., cigars, pipes, smokeless tobacco) and pancreatic cancer risk among nonsmokers of cigarettes. A population-based case-control study of pancreatic cancer was conducted during 1986-1989 among residents of Atlanta, Georgia, Detroit, Michigan, and 10 counties in New Jersey. Direct interviews were successfully completed with 526 newly diagnosed pancreatic cancer patients and 2153 controls ages 30-79 years. This analysis was restricted to lifelong nonsmokers of cigarettes and based on interviews with 154 cases newly diagnosed with carcinoma of the exocrine pancreas and 844 population controls who reported no history of cigarette smoking. We observed a consistent pattern of increased risk associated with cigar smoking, although these elevations were not statistically significant. Participants who smoked cigars regularly (i.e., at least one cigar/week for >/=6 months) experienced a 70% increased risk [95% confidence interval (CI): 0.9-3.3], and those who never used other form of tobacco had a 90% increased risk (95% CI: 0.8-4.3). Risk was elevated among those who smoked more than one cigar/day [odds ratio (OR) = 1.8; 95% CI: 0.8-4.2) and among those who smoked cigars > 20 years (OR = 1.9; 95% CI: 0.9-3.9). Trends in risk with increasing amount and duration smoked were consistent but not statistically significant (P = 0.17 and P = 0.16, respectively). Subjects who used smokeless tobacco regularly had a 40% increased risk of pancreatic cancer (95% CI: 0.5-3.6) compared with nonusers of tobacco. We observed a marginally significant increasing risk with increased use of smokeless tobacco (P = 0.04); participants who used >2.5 oz of smokeless tobacco a week had an OR of 3.5 (95% CI: 1.1-11). Long-term use of smokeless tobacco (i.e., >20 years) was also associated with a nonsignificant increased risk (OR = 1.5; 95% CI: 0.6-4.0). In contrast, pipe smokers experienced no increased risk (OR = 0.6; 95% CI: 0.1-2.8). Our results suggest that heavy use of smokeless tobacco, and to a lesser extent, cigar smoking may increase the risk of pancreatic cancer among nonsmokers of cigarettes. Descriptors Adult, Aged, Case-Control Studies, Data Collection, Female, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Pancreatic Neoplasms/epidemiology/etiology, Risk Factors, Tobacco, Smokeless/adverse effects, United States/epidemiology Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Alguacil,J., Silverman,D. T. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic PMCID Editors
Smokeless and flavored tobacco products in the U.S.: 2009 Styles survey results	2012	Office on Smoking and Health, National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, CDC, Atlanta, Georgia 30341, USA.	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full American Journal of Preventive Medicine Periodical, Abbrev. Am.J.Prev.Med. Pub Date Free Form Jan Volume 42 Issue 1 Start Page 29 Other Pages 36 Notes CI: Published by Elsevier Inc.; JID: 8704773; 0 (Flavoring Agents); 2011/04/04 [received]; 2011/07/01 [revised]; 2011/08/31 [accepted]; ppublish Place of Publication Netherlands ISSN/ISBN 1873-2607; 0749-3797 Accession Number PMID: 22176843 Language eng SubFile Journal Article; IM DOI 10.1016/j.amepre.2011.08.019 [doi] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 22176843 Abstract BACKGROUND: A number of noncigarette tobacco products, including some novel products, recently have been marketed by the tobacco industry, which raises concerns from tobacco control authorities. PURPOSE: This study aimed to assess current popularity of several noncigarette tobacco products in the U.S. METHODS: In 2009, a total of 10,587 adults completed a consumer mail-in survey (ConsumerStyles). Based on survey results, the weighted percentages of adults who heard and tried snus, dissolvable tobacco products, flavored little cigars, and flavored cigarettes were computed in 2010. A subset of this sample (n=4556) completed the HealthStyles survey, which included items about health perceptions of these products and use in the past 30 days. RESULTS: The percentage of U.S. adults in the sample who were aware of these products ranged from 10.4% (dissolvable tobacco) to 44.6% (flavored little cigars). One third of adults who had heard of flavored little cigars tried them and 10.1% had used them in the past 30 days; among those who had heard of them, 27.4% tried flavored cigarettes and 12.6% tried snus. In general, young adults, men, and smokers were most likely to have heard of each product. At least one third of adults were uncertain if these products were as harmful as cigarettes (range=37.3% [snus] to 50.3% [dissolvable tobacco]). CONCLUSIONS: The awareness of these tobacco products in this sample varied. Groups with a higher prevalence of smoking and tobacco use (e.g., men, people with low levels of education) may be a target audience for marketing and promotions. As availability of products change, continued surveillance is warranted in the U.S. Descriptors Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Regan,A.K., Dube,S.R., Arrazola,R. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic PMCID Editors
Smoke-free air laws and quit attempts: Evidence for a moderating role of spontaneous self-affirmation	2015	Basic Biobehavioral and Psychological Sciences Branch, Behavioral Research Program, National Cancer Institute, USA. Electronic address: persoskie@gmail.com.; Basic Biobehavioral and Psychological Sciences Branch, Behavioral Research Program, National Canc	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Social science & medicine (1982) Periodical, Abbrev. Soc.Sci.Med. Pub Date Free Form Sep Volume 141 Issue Start Page 46 Other Pages 55 Notes CI: Published by Elsevier Ltd.; JID: 8303205; 0 (Tobacco Smoke Pollution); OTO: NOTNLM; 2014/10/27 [received]; 2015/07/15 [revised]; 2015/07/17 [accepted]; 2015/07/20 [aheadofprint]; ppublish Place of Publication England ISSN/ISBN 1873-5347; 0277-9536 Accession Number PMID: 26246033 Language eng SubFile Journal Article; IM DOI 10.1016/j.socscimed.2015.07.015 [doi] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 26246033 Abstract BACKGROUND: In addition to their primary goal of protecting nonsmokers from secondhand smoke, smoke-free air laws may also encourage intentions to quit smoking, quit attempts, and cessation among smokers. However, laws may not encourage quitting if smokers feel threatened by them and react defensively. OBJECTIVE: This study examined whether spontaneous self-affirmation - the extent to which people think about their values or strengths when they feel threatened - may reduce smokers' reactance to smoke-free laws, enhancing the ability of the laws to encourage quitting. METHOD: We linked state-level information on the comprehensiveness of U.S. smoke-free laws (compiled in January, 2013 by the American Lung Association) with data from a U.S. health survey (Health Information National Trends Survey) collected from September-December, 2013 (N = 345 current smokers; 587 former smokers). RESULTS: Smoke-free laws interacted with self-affirmation to predict quit attempts in the past year and intentions to quit in the next six months: Smokers higher in self-affirmation reported more quit attempts and quit intentions if they lived in states with more comprehensive smoke-free laws. There was some evidence of a "boomerang" effect (i.e., less likelihood of making a quit attempt) among smokers low in self-affirmation if living in states with more comprehensive smoke-free laws, but this effect was significant only among smokers extremely low in self-affirmation. For quit intentions, there was no evidence for a boomerang effect of smoke-free laws even among smokers extremely low in self-affirmation. More comprehensive smoke-free laws were not associated with smoking status (former vs. current smoker) or average amount smoked per day, nor did they interact with self-affirmation to predict these outcomes. CONCLUSIONS: The impact of smoke-free policies on quit attempts and quit intentions may be moderated by psychological characteristics such as the tendency to spontaneously self-affirm. Follow-ups should experimentally manipulate self-affirmation and examine effects of smoke-free laws in controlled contexts. Descriptors Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Persoskie,A., Ferrer,R.A., Taber,J.M., Klein,W.M., Parascandola,M., Harris,P.R. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic 20150720 PMCID Editors

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