WTS database

Title Sort descending	Pub Year	Author	SearchLink
Comparison of toxicant load from waterpipe and cigarette tobacco smoking among young adults in the USA	2018	Center for Research on Media, Technology, and Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA.; Division of General Internal Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA.; Division of (TRUNCATED	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Tobacco control Periodical, Abbrev. Tob.Control Pub Date Free Form 16-May Volume Issue Start Page Other Pages Notes LR: 20180518; CI: (c) Article author(s) (or their employer(s) unless otherwise stated in the text of the article) 2018; JID: 9209612; OTO: NOTNLM; 2017/12/23 00:00 [received]; 2018/03/08 00:00 [revised]; 2018/03/21 00:00 [accepted]; 2018/05/19 06:00 [entr Place of Publication England ISSN/ISBN 1468-3318; 0964-4563 Accession Number PMID: 29773707 Language eng SubFile Journal Article DOI tobaccocontrol-2017-054226 [pii] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 29773707 Abstract OBJECTIVES: To form population-level comparisons of total smoke volume, tar, carbon monoxide and nicotine consumed from waterpipe tobacco smoking (WTS) and cigarette smoking using data from a nationally representative sample of smokers and non-smokers aged 18-30 years. METHODS: In March and April 2013, we surveyed a nationally representative sample of 3254 US young adults to assess the frequency and volume of WTS and cigarette smoking. We used Monte Carlo analyses with 5000 repetitions to estimate the proportions of toxicants originating from WTS and cigarette smoking. Analyses incorporated survey weights and used recent meta-analytic data to estimate toxicant exposures associated with WTS and cigarette smoking. RESULTS: Compared with the additive estimates of WTS and cigarette smoking combined, 54.9% (95% CI 37.5% to 72.2%) of smoke volume was attributed to WTS. The proportions of tar attributable to WTS was 20.8% (95% CI 6.5% to 35.2%), carbon monoxide 10.3% (95% CI 3.3% to 17.3%) and nicotine 2.4% (95% CI 0.9% to 3.8%). CONCLUSIONS: WTS accounted for over half of the tobacco smoke volume consumed among young US adult waterpipe and cigarette smokers. Toxicant exposures to tar, carbon monoxide and nicotine were lower, but still substantial, for WTS alone compared with WTS and cigarette smoking. Public health and policy interventions to reduce harm from tobacco smoking in young US adults should explicitly address WTS toxicant exposures. Descriptors Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Primack,B.A., Shensa,A., Sidani,J.E., Tulikangas,M.C., Roberts,M.S., Colditz,J.B., Mor,M.K., James,A.E., Fine,M.J. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic 20180516 PMCID Editors
Comparison of two different methods for the investigation of in vitro susceptibilities of planktonic and biofilm forming Candida species to antifungal agents	2010	Gazi Universitesi Eczacilik Fakultesi, Farmasotik Mikrobiyoloji Anabilim Dali, Ankara, Turkiye. fkaynak@gmail.com	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Mikrobiyoloji bulteni Periodical, Abbrev. Mikrobiyol.Bul. Pub Date Free Form Oct Volume 44 Issue 4 Start Page 619 Other Pages 631 Notes JID: 7503830; 0 (Antifungal Agents); ppublish Place of Publication Turkey ISSN/ISBN 0374-9096; 0374-9096 Accession Number PMID: 21063974 Language tur SubFile Comparative Study; English Abstract; Journal Article; IM DOI Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 21063974 Abstract Microdilution method that determines the minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) of antifungal agents against Candida spp. is still the only method used in laboratories for both biofilm and planktonic forms. However, it was determined in several studies that there were susceptibility differences between the biofilm and planktonic forms of the same microorganism. The aims of this study were the determination of in vitro susceptibilities of planktonic and biofilm forms of Candida strains against antifungal agents, the comparison of the data obtained from planktonic and biofilm forms and the evaluation of two different methods used for the detection of susceptibilities of biofilm forms. Candida albicans ATCC 10231, Candida parapsilosis ATCC 90028 and Candida krusei ATCC 6258 were used as reference strains together with clinical isolates of one of each C.albicans, C.parapsilosis and Candida tropicalis. Microdilution method was used to determine the susceptibilities of planktonic forms of the strains according to CLSI M27-A3 standards, and MIC values of fluconazole, itraconazole, flucytosine, amphotericin B and nystatin were determined. For the detection of antifungal susceptibilities of Candida spp. biofilm forms, Calgary biofilm method (CBM) and BioTimer assay (BTA) were used, and minimum biofilm eradication concentration (MBEC) and minimum biofilm inhibition concentration (MBIC) values of the same antifungals were determined. The difference between MIC and CBM-MBEC, CBM-MBEC and BTA-MBEC, CBM-MBEC and BTAMBIC values were found statistically significant (p 0.05) for the other antifungal agents. These findings supported that antifungal susceptibilities of biofilm forming Candida strains should also be investigated. However, MBEC and MBIC of the antifungal agents should not always be expected to be higher than the MIC values since the mechanism of action of the specific antifungal agents and the first inoculum concentration of the microorganisms might differ. Descriptors Antifungal Agents/pharmacology, Biofilms/drug effects, Candida/drug effects/physiology, Humans, Microbial Sensitivity Tests/methods, Plankton/drug effects Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Kaynak Onurdag,F., Ozgen,S., Abbasoglu,U., Gurcan,I. S. Original/Translated Title Candida turlerinin biyofilm olusturan ve planktonik formlarinin antifungal ajanlara karsi in vitro duyarliliklarinin arastirilmasinda iki farkli yontemin karsilastirilmasi URL Date of Electronic PMCID Editors
Comparison of two extraction methods for the determination of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in surface soils using headspace SPME with GC-FID	2009	Departamento de Quimica Aplicada, Facultad de Quimica, Universidad del Pais Vasco, Apdo. 1072, 20080, San Sebastian, Spain.	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Journal of chromatographic science Periodical, Abbrev. J.Chromatogr.Sci. Pub Date Free Form Feb Volume 47 Issue 2 Start Page 97 Other Pages 102 Notes JID: 0173225; 0 (Polycyclic Hydrocarbons, Aromatic); 0 (Soil); 0 (Soil Pollutants); ppublish Place of Publication United States ISSN/ISBN 0021-9665; 0021-9665 Accession Number PMID: 19222916 Language eng SubFile Comparative Study; Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; Validation Studies; IM DOI Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 19222916 Abstract Two simple methods using headspace solid-phase microextraction (HS-SPME) coupled to a gas chromatograph with a flame ionization detector were compared for the determination of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) in soils. These compounds were included in the US Environmental Protection Agency's Priority Pollutants list. Direct hot water HS-SPME extraction and sonication organic extraction followed by HS-SPME were optimized using experimental designs. The first method was chosen for PAH determination. The validation of the proposed method was carried out by analyzing PAHs in the certified soil reference material RTC-CRM 123. The accuracy obtained for the PAHs was shown to be inside the prediction interval with the certified material. The optimized method was applied to the analysis of several superficial soils from Gipuzkoa (Basque Country, North Spain). Descriptors Chromatography, Gas/methods, Flame Ionization, Polycyclic Hydrocarbons, Aromatic/analysis, Reproducibility of Results, Soil/analysis, Soil Pollutants/analysis, Solid Phase Microextraction/methods, Spain Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Zuazagoitia,D., Millan,E., Garcia-Arrona,R. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic PMCID Editors
Comparison of ultrasonic and pressurized liquid extraction for the analysis of polycyclic aromatic compounds in soil samples by gas chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry	2009	Department of Analytical Chemistry, Almeria University, 04071 Almeria, Spain.	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Talanta Periodical, Abbrev. Talanta Pub Date Free Form 15-Apr Volume 78 Issue 1 Start Page 156 Other Pages 164 Notes JID: 2984816R; 0 (Polycyclic Hydrocarbons, Aromatic); 0 (Soil); 0 (Solvents); 2008/06/27 [received]; 2008/10/20 [revised]; 2008/10/31 [accepted]; 2008/11/07 [aheadofprint]; ppublish Place of Publication England ISSN/ISBN 1873-3573; 0039-9140 Accession Number PMID: 19174219 Language eng SubFile Comparative Study; Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; IM DOI 10.1016/j.talanta.2008.10.048 [doi] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 19174219 Abstract A pressurized liquid extraction (PLE) method has been optimized for the determination of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in soil samples and it was compared with ultrasonic extraction. The extraction step was followed by gas chromatography-triple quadrupole mass spectrometry (GC-QqQ-MS/MS) analysis. Parameters such as type of solvent, extraction time, extraction temperature and number of extractions were optimized. There were no significant differences among the two extraction methods although better extraction efficiencies were obtained when PLE was used, minimizing extraction time and solvent consumption. PLE procedure was validated, obtaining limits of detection (LODs) ranging from 0.02 to 0.75 microg kg(-1) and limits of quantification (LOQs) ranging from 0.07 to 2.50 microg kg(-1) for the selected PAHs. Recoveries were in the range of 59-110%, except for naphthalene, which was the most volatile PAH. Finally, the method was applied to real soil samples from Southeast of Spain. PAHs concentrations were low, and phenanthrene, pyrene, fluorene, benzo[a]pyrene and chrysene were the most frequently detected analytes in the samples. Descriptors Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry/methods, Polycyclic Hydrocarbons, Aromatic/analysis/isolation & purification, Pressure, Soil/analysis, Solvents, Spain, Ultrasonics Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Barco-Bonilla,N., Vidal,J. L., Garrido Frenich,A., Romero-Gonzalez,R. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic 20081107 PMCID Editors
Comparison of ultrasound-assisted emulsification and dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction methods for the speciation of inorganic selenium in environmental water samples using low density extraction solvents	2012	Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran. n-najafi@sbu.ac.ir	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Analytica Chimica Acta Periodical, Abbrev. Anal.Chim.Acta Pub Date Free Form 10-Feb Volume 714 Issue Start Page 82 Other Pages 88 Notes LR: 20131121; CI: Copyright (c) 2011; JID: 0370534; 0 (Azoles); 0 (Emulsions); 0 (Organoselenium Compounds); 0 (Phenylenediamines); 0 (Selenium Compounds); 0 (Solvents); 0 (Water Pollutants, Chemical); 059QF0KO0R (Water); 273-15-4 (piaselenole); 5A9AX7Y0T Place of Publication Netherlands ISSN/ISBN 1873-4324; 0003-2670 Accession Number PMID: 22244140 Language eng SubFile Comparative Study; Journal Article; IM DOI 10.1016/j.aca.2011.11.063 [doi] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 22244140 Abstract Herein, ultrasound-assisted emulsification microextraction (USAEME) and dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction (DLLME) methods based on applying low-density organic solvents have been critically compared for the speciation of inorganic selenium, Se(IV) (selenite) and Se(VI) (selenate) in environmental water samples by gas chromatography-flame ionization detection (GC-FID). At pH 2 and T=75 degrees C for 7 min, only Se(IV) was able to form the piazselenol complex with 4-nitro-o-phenylenediamine. Piazselenol was extracted using an extraction solvent and was injected into a GC-FID instrument for the determination of Se(IV). Conveniently, Se(VI) remained in the aqueous phase. Total inorganic selenium was determined after the reduction of Se(VI) to Se(IV) and prior to the above procedures. The Se(VI) concentration was calculated as the difference between the measured total inorganic selenium and Se(IV) content. The effect of various experimental parameters on the efficiencies of the two methods and their optimum values were studied with the aid of response surface methodology and experimental design. Under the optimal conditions, the limit of detections (LODs) for Se(IV) obtained by USAEME-GC-FID and DLLME-GC-FID were 0.05 and 0.11 ng mL(-1), respectively. The relative standard deviations (RSDs, n=6) for the measurement 10 ng mL(-1) of Se(IV) were 5.32% and 4.57% with the enrichment factors of 2491 and 1129 for USAEME-GC-FID and DLLME-GC-FID, respectively. Both methods were successfully applied to the analysis of inorganic selenium in different environmental water samples and certified reference material (NIST SRM 1643e). Descriptors Links Book Title Database Publisher Elsevier B.V Data Source Authors Najafi,N.M., Tavakoli,H., Abdollahzadeh,Y., Alizadeh,R. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic 20111208 PMCID Editors
Comparisons of three nicotine dependence scales in a multiethnic sample of young adult menthol and non-menthol smokers	2015	Cancer Prevention and Control Program, University of Hawaii Cancer Center, University of Hawaii at Manoa, 701 Ilalo Street, Honolulu, HI 96813, USA. Electronic address: pfagan@cc.hawaii.edu.; Cancer Prevention and Control Program, University of Hawaii Can	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Drug and alcohol dependence Periodical, Abbrev. Drug Alcohol Depend. Pub Date Free Form 1-Apr Volume 149 Issue Start Page 203 Other Pages 211 Notes LR: 20160715; CI: Copyright (c) 2015; GR: K01 CA148789/CA/NCI NIH HHS/United States; GR: P30 CA071789/CA/NCI NIH HHS/United States; GR: R03 CA159909/CA/NCI NIH HHS/United States; GR: R21 CA180934/CA/NCI NIH HHS/United States; GR: U54 MD007584/MD/NIMHD NIH Place of Publication Ireland ISSN/ISBN 1879-0046; 0376-8716 Accession Number PMID: 25744873 Language eng SubFile Comparative Study; Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; IM DOI 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2015.02.005 [doi] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 25744873 Abstract BACKGROUND: Few studies have compared nicotine dependence among menthol and non-menthol cigarette smokers in a multiethnic sample of young adult daily cigarette smokers. This study examines differences in nicotine dependence among menthol and non-menthol daily smokers and the associations of nicotine dependence with quitting behaviors among Native Hawaiian, Filipino, and White cigarette smokers aged 18-35. METHODS: Craigslist.org, newspaper advertisements, and peer-to-peer referrals were used to recruit daily smokers (n = 186) into a lab-based study. Nicotine dependence was assessed using the Fagerstrom Test of Nicotine Dependence (FTND), the Nicotine Dependence Syndrome Scale (NDSS), and the brief Wisconsin Inventory for Smoking Dependence Motives (WISDM). Multiple regression analyses were used to examine differences in nicotine dependence between menthol and non-menthol smokers and the relationship between each nicotine dependence scale with self-efficacy to quit, quit attempt in the past 12 months, and number of attempts. RESULTS: Menthol smokers were more likely to report difficulty refraining from smoking in places where forbidden (p = .04) and had higher scores on social/environmental goads subscale of the WISDM (p = .0005). Two-way interaction models of the FTND and menthol status showed that menthol smokers with higher levels of dependence were more likely to have tried to quit smoking in the past 12 months (p = .02), but were less likely to have had multiple quit attempts (p = .01). CONCLUSIONS: Components of the FTND and WISDM distinguish levels of dependence between menthol and non-menthol smokers. Higher FTND scores were associated with having a quit attempt, but fewer quit attempts among menthol smokers. Descriptors Links Book Title Database Publisher Elsevier Ireland Ltd Data Source Authors Fagan,P., Pohkrel,P., Herzog,T., Pagano,I., Vallone,D., Trinidad,D.R., Sakuma,K.L., Sterling,K., Fryer,C.S., Moolchan,E. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic 20150214 PMCID PMC4865397 Editors
Compartmental analysis of metals in waterpipe smoking technique	2015	Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Applied Medical Sciences, German Jordanian University, P.O. Box 35247, Amman, 11180, Jordan. akeel.alkazwini@gju.edu.jo.; Scientific Research Centre, Applied Science Sector, Royal Scientific Society, Amman,	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full BMC public health Periodical, Abbrev. BMC Public Health Pub Date Free Form 18-Feb Volume 15 Issue Start Page 153 Other Pages 015-1373-6 Notes LR: 20151111; JID: 100968562; 0 (Metals); 059QF0KO0R (Water); OID: NLM: PMC4335555; 2014/05/22 [received]; 2015/01/07 [accepted]; 2015/02/18 [aheadofprint]; epublish Place of Publication England ISSN/ISBN 1471-2458; 1471-2458 Accession Number PMID: 25884883 Language eng SubFile Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; IM DOI 10.1186/s12889-015-1373-6 [doi] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 25884883 Abstract BACKGROUND: The number of waterpipe tobacco smokers has been increasing worldwide. Smokers can be exposed to a number of toxicants, some of which are metals. The aim of this study is to quantitatively determine if the water filtration stage of the waterpipe smoking process successfully decreases exposure to Bi, Cr, Cu, Fe, Mg, Mn, Mo, Ni, Pb, V, and U. METHODS: Four samples of commercially available tobacco (Moassel) were compared in terms of the total amount of metal contained within the fresh tobacco sample and the amount of metal distributed into each compartment of the waterpipe after a smoking session. RESULTS: For all metals analysed, the concentration of metal 'filtered' out during the water bubbling stage is around 3% (+/-1%) of the total metal. CONCLUSIONS: It can be concluded that this small fraction would not protect the user against exposure to the majority of the potentially toxic metals. Descriptors Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Al-Kazwini,A.T., Said,A.J., Sdepanian,S. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic 20150218 PMCID PMC4335555 Editors
Competitive adsorption of chloroform and iron ion onto activated carbon fiber	1999	Tanada, S., Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kinki University, Kowake, Osaka 577-8502, Japan	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Journal of colloid and interface science Periodical, Abbrev. J.Colloid Interface Sci. Pub Date Free Form 1999/12 Volume 220 Issue 2 Start Page 406 Other Pages 409 Notes Place of Publication ISSN/ISBN 0021-9797 Accession Number Language SubFile DOI Output Language Unknown(0) PMID Abstract Chloroform in tap water has been a significant problem because it may be a carcinogenic substituent. Iron ion exists in tap water because of dissolution from iron water pipes. Iron ions in tap water cause discoloration and a bad odor. The isotherms of chloroform and iron ion adsorption onto activated carbon fibers in a single solution (chloroform or iron ion) and in a binary mixture solution (chloroform and iron ion) were investigated to estimate the competitiveness between chloroform and iron ions. The amount of adsorbed iron ions increased with increasing pore volume of the activated carbon fibers, while that of chloroform decreased. The amount of chloroform adsorbed onto the activated carbon fibers in the binary mixture solution was greater than that in the single solution. These results indicate that the adsorption of chloroform and iron ion onto activated carbon fibers could be competitive. Descriptors activated carbon, chloroform, iron, tap water, adsorption, article, chemical reaction kinetics, controlled study, fiber, priority journal, surface property Links Book Title Database Embase Publisher Data Source Embase Authors Uchida,M., Ito,S., Kawasaki,N., Nakamura,T., Tanada,S. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic PMCID Editors
Compliance to the smoke-free law in Guatemala 5-years after implementation	2016	Research Department, Cardiovascular Surgery Unit of Guatemala, 9th Avenue, 8-00, Zone 11, 01011, Guatemala City, Guatemala. jbarnoya@post.harvard.edu.; Division of Public Health Sciences, Department of Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, 66	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full BMC public health Periodical, Abbrev. BMC Public Health Pub Date Free Form 12-Apr Volume 16 Issue Start Page 318 Other Pages 016-2960-x Notes LR: 20160505; JID: 100968562; OID: NLM: PMC4852414; OTO: NOTNLM; 2015/10/10 [received]; 2016/03/15 [accepted]; 2016/04/12 [aheadofprint]; epublish Place of Publication England ISSN/ISBN 1471-2458; 1471-2458 Accession Number PMID: 27138959 Language eng SubFile Journal Article; IM DOI 10.1186/s12889-016-2960-x [doi] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 27138959 Abstract BACKGROUND: Smoke-free environments decrease smoking prevalence and consequently the incidence of heart disease and lung cancer. Due to issues related to poor enforcement, scant data is currently available from low/middle income countries on the long-term compliance to smoke-free laws. In 2006, high levels of secondhand smoke (SHS) were found in bars and restaurants in Guatemala City. Six months after a smoking ban was implemented in 2009, levels significantly decreased. However, in 2010, poor law compliance was observed. Therefore, we sought to assess long-term compliance to the ban using SHS measurements. METHODS: In 2014 we assessed SHS exposure using airborne nicotine monitors in bars (n = 9) and restaurants (n = 12) for 7 days using the same protocol as in 2006 and in 2009. Nicotine was measured using gas-chromatography (mug/m(3)) and compared to levels pre- (2006) and post-ban (2009). Employees responded to a survey about SHS exposure, perceived economic impact of the ban and customers' electronic cigarette use. In addition, we estimated the fines that could have been collected for each law infringement. RESULTS: Most (71 %) venues still have a smoking section, violating the law. The percentage of samples with detectable nicotine concentrations was 100, 85 and 43 % in 2006, 2009 and 2014, respectively. In bars, median (25(th) and 75(th) percentiles) nicotine concentrations were 4.58 mug/m(3) (1.71, 6.45) in 2006, 0.28 (0.17, 0.66) in 2009, and 0.59 (0.01, 1.45) in 2014. In restaurants, the corresponding medians were 0.58 mug/m(3) (0.44, 0.71), 0.04 (0.01, 0.11), and 0.01 (0.01, 0.09). Support for the law continues to be high (88 %) among bar and restaurant employees. Most employees report no economic impact of the law and that a high proportion of customers (78 %) use e-cigarettes. A total of US$50,012 could have been collected in fines. CONCLUSIONS: Long-term compliance to the smoking ban in Guatemala is decreasing. Additional research that evaluates the determinants of non-compliance is needed and could also contribute to improve enforcement and implementation of the smoke-free law in Guatemala. Descriptors Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Barnoya,J., Monzon,J.C., Briz,P., Navas-Acien,A. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic 20160412 PMCID PMC4852414 Editors
Compliance work for food contact materials: feasibility of the legally required safety assessment of an epoxy/amine-based coating for domestic water pipe restoration	2014	a Kantonales Labor Zurich (Official Food Control Authority) , Fehrenstrasse 15, CH-8032 Zurich , Switzerland.	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Food additives & contaminants.Part A, Chemistry, analysis, control, exposure & risk assessment Periodical, Abbrev. Food Addit Contam.Part A.Chem.Anal.Control.Expo.Risk Assess. Pub Date Free Form Volume 31 Issue 7 Start Page 1310 Other Pages 1323 Notes JID: 101485040; 0 (Amines); 0 (Benzhydryl Compounds); 0 (Epoxy Compounds); 0 (Water Pollutants, Chemical); F3XRM1NX4H (2,2-bis(4-glycidyloxyphenyl)propane); OTO: NOTNLM; 2014/05/28 [aheadofprint]; ppublish Place of Publication England ISSN/ISBN 1944-0057; 1944-0057 Accession Number PMID: 24761990 Language eng SubFile Journal Article; IM DOI 10.1080/19440049.2014.916421 [doi] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 24761990 Abstract Options were explored for fulfilling the legally required safety assessment for a widely applied epoxy/amine coating used for restoring corroded domestic drinking water supply systems. The coating was made up of two components mixed shortly before application, the first mainly consisting of bisphenol A diglycidyl ether (BADGE), the second of various amines. The analytically identified starting substances were all authorised, but only constituted a small proportion of the low molecular mass material left after curing and potentially migrating into water. Reaction products synthesised from constituents of the starting components (expected oligomers) could not be eluted from GC even after derivatisation, indicating that standard GC-MS screening would miss most potential migrants. They were detectable by size exclusion chromatography (SEC) after acetylation. HPLC with MS or fluorescence detection was possible for constituents including a BADGE moiety, but phenalkamines could not be detected with adequate sensitivity. Possibilities for determining long-term migration relevant for chronic toxicity are discussed. Analysis in water shortly after application of the coating overestimates migration if migration decreases over time and requires detection limits far out of reach. Analysis of a solvent extract of the coating is easier and provides an upper estimate of what could migrate into the drinking water over the years. However, to satisfy the regulatory requirements, components of the complex mixture need to be identified at lower proportions than those accessible. In vitro testing of the whole mixture for genotoxicity is expected to fail because of the required sensitivity and the glycidyl functions probably wrongly resulting in positive tests. The difficulties in dealing with this situation are discussed. Descriptors Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Tillner,J., Grob,K. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic 20140528 PMCID Editors

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