WTS database

Title	Pub Year	Author Sort descending	SearchLink
Rehabilitation methods: Linings. Cement mortar lining of watermains by mortar injection principle	1990	ABV, Gothenburg	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Water Supply Periodical, Abbrev. Water Supply Pub Date Free Form 1990/ Volume 8 Issue 2-Jan Start Page 279 Other Pages 282 Notes Place of Publication ISSN/ISBN 0735-1917 Accession Number Language SubFile DOI Output Language Unknown(0) PMID Abstract Conpipe is a technique for restoring water pipeline systems used in Sweden and in GDR. The Conpipe is based on the principle a new pipe built inside the old one using super polymeric concreted grout. Planned reconstruction will predominantly concentrate on cast iron end steel pipes up to 300 mm diameter. More than 2000 km of pipeline have been restored since 1974. Descriptors cement, conference paper, management, pipeline, water supply Links Book Title Database Embase Publisher Data Source Embase Authors Lannblad,B. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic PMCID Editors
Waterpipe tobacco and electronic cigarette use in a southeast London adult sample: a cross-sectional analysis	2016	Academic Unit of Primary Care and Population Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, Hampshire SO16 6YD, UK Department of Primary Care and Public Health, Imperial College London, Hammersmith W6 8RP, UK.; Community and Safety Enforcement on Behal	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Journal of public health (Oxford, England) Periodical, Abbrev. J.Public.Health.(Oxf) Pub Date Free Form Jun Volume 38 Issue 2 Start Page e114 Other Pages 21 Notes CI: (c) The Author 2015; JID: 101188638; OTO: NOTNLM; 2015/08/25 [aheadofprint]; ppublish Place of Publication England ISSN/ISBN 1741-3850; 1741-3842 Accession Number PMID: 26311821 Language eng SubFile Journal Article; IM DOI 10.1093/pubmed/fdv106 [doi] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 26311821 Abstract BACKGROUND: Waterpipe tobacco and electronic cigarettes (e-cigarettes) share several features: rising popularity, use of product flavourings and concerns about marketing to youth. We sought to compare prevalence and predictors of waterpipe tobacco and e-cigarette use, and explore knowledge of waterpipe tobacco and support for interventions. METHODS: We used convenience sampling methods to conduct a cross-sectional survey among adults in the ethnically diverse southeast London area. Multivariate logistic regression identified predictors of waterpipe and e-cigarette use. Predictor variables were age, gender, ethnicity and current (past 30-day) cigarette use. RESULTS: Of 1176 respondents (23.0% aged 25-34 years, 56.0% male, 57.4% white ethnicity and 30.4% current cigarette smokers), 31.0% had tried waterpipe tobacco and 7.4% had tried e-cigarettes. Both products were significantly associated with younger age groups, non-white ethnicities and use of each other. Waterpipe tobacco was independently associated with consumption of cigarettes while e-cigarettes were not. Among those aware of waterpipe, a third answered incorrectly to knowledge questions. Among those self-identified as coming from a traditional waterpipe-using community, two-thirds supported further legislative and health promotion waterpipe interventions. CONCLUSIONS: Waterpipe tobacco was common and more prevalent than e-cigarettes in this population. Interventions to prevent and control waterpipe are unlikely to marginalize traditional waterpipe-using communities. Descriptors Links Book Title Database Publisher . Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of Faculty of Public Health Data Source Authors Jawad,M., Power,G. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic 20150825 PMCID Editors
Integrating the impact of cigarette and waterpipe tobacco use among adolescents in the Eastern Mediterranean Region: a cross-sectional, population-level model of toxicant exposure	2016	Academic Unit of Primary Care and Population Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, Hampshire, UK.; Academic Unit of Primary Care and Population Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, Hampshire, UK.	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Tobacco control Periodical, Abbrev. Tob.Control Pub Date Free Form 27-Jun Volume Issue Start Page Other Pages Notes LR: 20160629; CI: Published by the BMJ Publishing Group Limited. For permission to use (where not already granted under a licence) please go to http://www.bmj.com/company/products-services/rights-and-licensing/; JID: 9209612; OTO: NOTNLM; 2015/10/20 [rece Place of Publication ISSN/ISBN 1468-3318; 0964-4563 Accession Number PMID: 27354679 Language ENG SubFile JOURNAL ARTICLE DOI tobaccocontrol-2015-052777 [pii] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 27354679 Abstract BACKGROUND: Waterpipe smoking is more prevalent than cigarette smoking among adolescents in the Eastern Mediterranean Region (EMR); however, simple prevalence masks complex waterpipe smoking patterns and makes uncertain its contribution to risk of tobacco-related harm. This study aimed to integrate the impact of cigarette and waterpipe tobacco use on toxicant exposure among EMR adolescents. METHODS: A cross-sectional model made equivalent individual-level toxicant exposure data for cigarettes and waterpipes, and aggregated it to 23 countries in the EMR using the Global Youth Tobacco Survey. The waterpipe model adjusted for estimated frequency of use, session duration and sharing behaviours. The final model included 60 306 12-17-year olds, and modelled as outcomes nicotine, carbon monoxide (CO) and 14 carcinogens. Sensitivity analyses substantially reduced session duration and proportion of solo use. RESULTS: Our model suggests waterpipe use may contribute a median of 36.4% (IQR 26.7-46.8%, n=16) of the total toxicant exposure from tobacco, and may reach up to 73.5% and 71.9% of total CO and benzene exposure, respectively. Sensitivity analyses reduced all values by 4.3-21.0%, but even the most conservative scenarios suggested over 50% of benzene and CO exposure was from waterpipe use. Between 69.2% and 73.5% of total toxicant exposure derived from dual cigarette and waterpipe users, who smoked cigarettes and waterpipe more frequently and intensely than single users. CONCLUSIONS: More research is warranted to refine our model's parameters. Tobacco control researchers should consider a move towards a single unit of measure for cigarette and waterpipe tobacco exposure in order to better inform health policy. Descriptors Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Jawad,M., Roderick,P. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic 20160627 PMCID Editors
Integrating the impact of cigarette and waterpipe tobacco use among adolescents in the Eastern Mediterranean Region: a cross-sectional, population-level model of toxicant exposure	2017	Academic Unit of Primary Care and Population Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, Hampshire, UK.; Academic Unit of Primary Care and Population Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, Hampshire, UK.	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Tobacco control Periodical, Abbrev. Tob.Control Pub Date Free Form May Volume 26 Issue 3 Start Page 323 Other Pages 329 Notes LR: 20181113; CI: Published by the BMJ Publishing Group Limited. For permission to use (where not already granted under a licence) please go to http://www.bmj.com/company/products-services/rights-and-licensing/.; JID: 9209612; 0 (Carcinogens); 6M3C89ZY6R Place of Publication England ISSN/ISBN 1468-3318; 0964-4563 Accession Number PMID: 27354679 Language eng SubFile Journal Article; IM DOI 10.1136/tobaccocontrol-2015-052777 [doi] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 27354679 Abstract BACKGROUND: Waterpipe smoking is more prevalent than cigarette smoking among adolescents in the Eastern Mediterranean Region (EMR); however, simple prevalence masks complex waterpipe smoking patterns and makes uncertain its contribution to risk of tobacco-related harm. This study aimed to integrate the impact of cigarette and waterpipe tobacco use on toxicant exposure among EMR adolescents. METHODS: A cross-sectional model made equivalent individual-level toxicant exposure data for cigarettes and waterpipes, and aggregated it to 23 countries in the EMR using the Global Youth Tobacco Survey. The waterpipe model adjusted for estimated frequency of use, session duration and sharing behaviours. The final model included 60 306 12-17-year olds, and modelled as outcomes nicotine, carbon monoxide (CO) and 14 carcinogens. Sensitivity analyses substantially reduced session duration and proportion of solo use. RESULTS: Our model suggests waterpipe use may contribute a median of 36.4% (IQR 26.7-46.8%, n=16) of the total toxicant exposure from tobacco, and may reach up to 73.5% and 71.9% of total CO and benzene exposure, respectively. Sensitivity analyses reduced all values by 4.3-21.0%, but even the most conservative scenarios suggested over 50% of benzene and CO exposure was from waterpipe use. Between 69.2% and 73.5% of total toxicant exposure derived from dual cigarette and waterpipe users, who smoked cigarettes and waterpipe more frequently and intensely than single users. CONCLUSIONS: More research is warranted to refine our model's parameters. Tobacco control researchers should consider a move towards a single unit of measure for cigarette and waterpipe tobacco exposure in order to better inform health policy. Descriptors Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Jawad,M., Roderick,P. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic 20160627 PMCID PMC5520247 Editors
The effectiveness of a Web-based personalized feedback and social norms alcohol intervention on United Kingdom university students: randomized controlled trial	2013	Academic Unit of Psychiatry and Behavioural Sciences, Leeds Institute of Health Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom. B.M.Bewick@leeds.ac.uk.	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Journal of medical Internet research Periodical, Abbrev. J.Med.Internet Res. Pub Date Free Form 24-Jul Volume 15 Issue 7 Start Page e137 Other Pages Notes LR: 20150423; JID: 100959882; OID: NLM: PMC3742391; OTO: NOTNLM; 2013/02/19 [received]; 2013/05/23 [accepted]; 2013/05/10 [revised]; epublish Place of Publication Canada ISSN/ISBN 1438-8871; 1438-8871 Accession Number PMID: 23883616 Language eng SubFile Journal Article; Randomized Controlled Trial; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; IM DOI 10.2196/jmir.2581 [doi] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 23883616 Abstract BACKGROUND: Alcohol consumption in the student population continues to be cause for concern. Building on the established evidence base for traditional brief interventions, interventions using the Internet as a mode of delivery are being developed. Published evidence of replication of initial findings and ongoing development and modification of Web-based personalized feedback interventions for student alcohol use is relatively rare. The current paper reports on the replication of the initial Unitcheck feasibility trial. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effectiveness of Unitcheck, a Web-based intervention that provides instant personalized feedback on alcohol consumption. It was hypothesized that use of Unitcheck would be associated with a reduction in alcohol consumption. METHODS: A randomized control trial with two arms (control=assessment only; intervention=fully automated personalized feedback delivered using a Web-based intervention). The intervention was available week 1 through to week 15. Students at a UK university who were completing a university-wide annual student union electronic survey were invited to participate in the current study. Participants (n=1618) were stratified by sex, age group, year of study, self-reported alcohol consumption, then randomly assigned to one of the two arms, and invited to participate in the current trial. Participants were not blind to allocation. In total, n=1478 (n=723 intervention, n=755 control) participants accepted the invitation. Of these, 70% were female, the age ranged from 17-50 years old, and 88% were white/white British. Data were collected electronically via two websites: one for each treatment arm. Participants completed assessments at weeks 1, 16, and 34. Assessment included CAGE, a 7-day retrospective drinking diary, and drinks consumed per drinking occasion. RESULTS: The regression model predicted a monitoring effect, with participants who completed assessments reducing alcohol consumption over the final week. Further reductions were predicted for those allocated to receive the intervention, and additional reductions were predicted as the number of visits to the intervention website increased. CONCLUSIONS: Unitcheck can reduce the amount of alcohol consumed, and the reduction can be sustained in the medium term (ie, 19 weeks after intervention was withdrawn). The findings suggest self-monitoring is an active ingredient to Web-based personalized feedback. Descriptors Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Bewick,B.M., West,R.M., Barkham,M., Mulhern,B., Marlow,R., Traviss,G., Hill,A.J. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic 20130724 PMCID PMC3742391 Editors
Smoking cessation among diabetes patients: results of a pilot randomized controlled trial in Kerala, India	2013	Achutha Menon Centre for Health Science Studies, Sree Chitra Tirunal Institute for Medical Sciences and Technology, Trivandrum, Kerala 695011, India. kavumpurathu@yahoo.com	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full BMC public health Periodical, Abbrev. BMC Public Health Pub Date Free Form 18-Jan Volume 13 Issue Start Page 47 Other Pages 2458-13-47 Notes LR: 20150219; GR: R01TW005969-01/TW/FIC NIH HHS/United States; JID: 100968562; OID: NLM: PMC3560246; 2012/07/16 [received]; 2013/01/15 [accepted]; 2013/01/18 [aheadofprint]; epublish Place of Publication England ISSN/ISBN 1471-2458; 1471-2458 Accession Number PMID: 23331722 Language eng SubFile Journal Article; Randomized Controlled Trial; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural; IM DOI 10.1186/1471-2458-13-47 [doi] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 23331722 Abstract BACKGROUND: India has the second largest diabetic population (61 million) and tobacco users (275 million) in the world. Data on smoking cessation among diabetic patients are limited in low and middle income countries. The objective of the study was to document the effectiveness of diabetic specific smoking cessation counseling by a non-doctor health professional in addition to a cessation advice to quit, delivered by doctors. METHODS: In our parallel-group randomized controlled trial, we selected 224 adult diabetes patients aged 18 years or older who smoked in the last month, from two diabetes clinics in South India. Using a computer generated random sequence with block size four; the patients were randomized equally into intervention-1 and intervention-2 groups. Patients in both groups were asked and advised to quit smoking by a doctor and distributed diabetes specific education materials. The intervention-2 group received an additional diabetes specific 30 minutes counseling session using the 5As (Ask, Advise, Assess, Assist and Arrange), and 5 Rs (Relevance, Risks, Rewards, Roadblocks and Repetition) from a non-doctor health professional. Follow up data were available for 87.5% of patients at six months. The Quit Tobacco International Project is supported by a grant from the Fogarty International Centre of the US National Institutes of Health (RO1TW005969-01).The primary outcomes were quit rate (seven day smoking abstinence) and harm reduction (reduction of the number of cigarettes / bidis smoked per day > 50% of baseline use) at six months. RESULTS: In the intention to treat analysis, the odds for quitting was 8.4 [95% confidence interval (CI): 4.1-17.1] for intervention-2 group compared to intervention-1 group. Even among high level smokers the odds of quitting was similar. The odds of harm reduction was 1.9 (CI: 0.8-4.1) for intervention-2 group compared to intervention-1 group. CONCLUSIONS: The value addition of culturally sensitive diabetic specific cessation counseling sessions delivered by non-doctor health professional was an impressive and efficacious way of preventing smoking related diabetic complications. TRIAL REGISTRATION: Clinical Trial Registry of India (CTRI/2012/01/002327). Descriptors Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Thankappan,K.R., Mini,G.K., Daivadanam,M., Vijayakumar,G., Sarma,P.S., Nichter,M. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic 20130118 PMCID PMC3560246 Editors
Clinical, metabolic, and psychological characteristics in patients with gastroesophageal reflux disease overlap with irritable bowel syndrome	2015	aDepartment of Internal Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, Taipei Tzu Chi Hospital bDepartment of Internal Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, Hualien Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Taipei cSchool of Medicine dDepartment o	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full European journal of gastroenterology & hepatology Periodical, Abbrev. Eur.J.Gastroenterol.Hepatol. Pub Date Free Form May Volume 27 Issue 5 Start Page 516 Other Pages 522 Notes JID: 9000874; 0 (Lipoproteins, HDL); ppublish Place of Publication England ISSN/ISBN 1473-5687; 0954-691X Accession Number PMID: 25822860 Language eng SubFile Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; IM DOI 10.1097/MEG.0000000000000334 [doi] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 25822860 Abstract OBJECTIVES: Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) and irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) are highly prevalent in the general population, with significant symptom overlap, whereas the interaction between both remains poorly understood. We aim to identify the clinical and psychological factors that contribute toward the overlap of GERD and IBS. PATIENTS AND METHODS: We carried out a case-control study among 806 GERD and 176 IBS patients from a health check-up cohort (n=2604). All participants were evaluated using the Reflux Disease Questionnaire score, the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index score, the Taiwanese Depression Questionnaire score, and the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory score. Endoscopic findings were classified according to the Los Angeles classification. IBS was diagnosed on the basis of Rome III criteria, and metabolic syndrome was defined by the National Cholesterol Education Program Adult Treatment Panel III definition. RESULTS: Among the study population, 727 individuals had GERD, 97 individuals had IBS, and 79 individuals had a diagnosis of both GERD and IBS (GERD-I). GERD-I patients had more severe GERD symptoms compared with patients with GERD or IBS alone (P Descriptors Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Hsu,C.S., Liu,T.T., Wen,S.H., Wang,C.C., Yi,C.H., Chen,J.H., Lei,W.Y., Orr,W.C., Fabio,P., Chen,C.L. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic PMCID Editors
Determination of risk for Barrett's esophagus and esophageal adenocarcinoma	2016	aDepartment of Medicine, Section of Gastroenterology and HepatologybDan L Duncan Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA.	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Current opinion in gastroenterology Periodical, Abbrev. Curr.Opin.Gastroenterol. Pub Date Free Form Jul Volume 32 Issue 4 Start Page 319 Other Pages 324 Notes JID: 8506887; ppublish Place of Publication United States ISSN/ISBN 1531-7056; 0267-1379 Accession Number PMID: 27276368 Language eng SubFile Journal Article; IM DOI 10.1097/MOG.0000000000000274 [doi] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 27276368 Abstract PURPOSE OF REVIEW: The incidence of esophageal adenocarcinoma and its precursor, Barrett's esophagus, have increased greatly over the past 40 years and continue to rise. This report summarizes the most recent data on the risk factors for Barrett's esophagus and esophageal adenocarcinoma. RECENT FINDINGS: Other factors, highly correlated with increasing trends for obesity, are the dominant driver of the increase in incidence of esophageal adenocarcinoma, interacting with gastroesophageal reflux disease symptoms. Abdominal obesity, independently of gastroesophageal reflux disease symptoms, is associated with increased risk of Barrett's esophagus and this association is likely mediated by high levels of leptin and insulin. Use of aspirin, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, statins, and proton pump inhibitors are associated with a reduced risk of Barrett's esophagus as well as lower risk of neoplastic progression in patients with Barrett's esophagus. An increasing number of genetic loci have been associated with risk of Barrett's esophagus and esophageal adenocarcinoma. SUMMARY: Recent advances in identifying risk factors and reporting of more precise estimates of effect for the main risk factors will positively impact clinical risk stratification efforts for Barrett's esophagus and esophageal adenocarcinoma. Large pooling studies are underway to derive and validate reliable clinical risk models. Descriptors Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Thrift,A.P. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic PMCID Editors
Microbial quality of water in rural communities of Trinidad	2000	Adesiyun, A.A., School of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of the West Indies, St. Augustine, Trinidad and Tobago	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Revista Panamericana de Salud Publica/Pan American Journal of Public Health Periodical, Abbrev. Rev.Panam.Salud Publica Pan Am.J.Public Health Pub Date Free Form 2000/ Volume 8 Issue 3 Start Page 172 Other Pages 180 Notes Place of Publication ISSN/ISBN 1020-4989 Accession Number Language SubFile DOI Output Language Unknown(0) PMID Abstract A cross-sectional study was conducted in four rural communities of northeastern Trinidad to determine the microbial quality of water supply to households and that quality's relationship to source and storage device. Of the 167 household water samples tested, total coliforms were detected in 132 of the samples (79.0%), fecal coliforms in 102 (61.1%), and E. coli in 111 (66.5%). There were significant differences among the towns in the proportion of the samples contaminated with coliforms (P < 0.001) and E. coli (P < 0.001). Of 253 strains of E. coli studied, 4 (1.6%) were mucoid, 9 (3.6%) were hemolytic, and 37 (14.6%) were nonsorbitol fermenters. Of 69 isolates of E. coli tested, 10 (14.5%) were verocytotoxigenic. Twenty-eight (14.0%) of 200 E. coli isolates tested belonged to enteropathogenic serogroups. Standpipe, the most common water source, was utilized by 57 (34.1%) of the 167 households. Treated water (pipeborne in homes, standpipes, or truckborne) was supplied to 119 households (71.3%), while 48 households (28.7%) used water from untreated sources (rain, river/stream, or well) as their primary water supply. The type of household storage device was associated with coliform contamination. Water stored in drums, barrels, or buckets was more likely to harbor fecal coliforms (74.2% of samples) than was water stored in tanks (53.3% of samples), even after controlling for water source (P = 0.04). Compared with water from other sources, water piped into homes was significantly less likely to be contaminated with total coliforms (56.9% versus 88.8%, P < 0.001) and fecal coliforms (41.2% versus 69.8%, P < 0.01), even when the type of storage device was taken into account However, fecal contamination was not associated with whether the water came from a treated or untreated source. We concluded that the drinking water in rural communities in Trinidad was grossly unfit for human consumption, due both to contamination of various water sources and during household water storage. Descriptors drinking water, verotoxin, article, coliform bacterium, Escherichia coli, geographic distribution, human, population density, rural population, strain difference, Trinidad and Tobago, water contamination, water quality, water sampling, water supply, water treatment Links Book Title Database Embase; MEDLINE Publisher Data Source Embase Authors Welch,P., David,J., Clarke,W., Trinidade,A., Penner,D., Bernstein,S., McDougall,L., Adesiyun,A. A. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic PMCID Editors
Investigation of antifungal susceptibilities and some virulence factors of Candida strains isolated from blood cultures and genotyping by RAPD-PCR	2011	Adnan Menderes University Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Microbiology, Aydin, Turkey. gultekinberna@hotmail.com	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Mikrobiyoloji bulteni Periodical, Abbrev. Mikrobiyol.Bul. Pub Date Free Form Apr Volume 45 Issue 2 Start Page 306 Other Pages 317 Notes JID: 7503830; 0 (Antifungal Agents); 0 (Virulence Factors); EC 3.1.- (Esterases); EC 3.1.- (Phospholipases); ppublish Place of Publication Turkey ISSN/ISBN 0374-9096; 0374-9096 Accession Number PMID: 21644074 Language tur SubFile English Abstract; Journal Article; IM DOI Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 21644074 Abstract Candidemia is a serious clinical picture with a rather high mortality. Early diagnosis and appropriate treatment is crucial in this picture especially in immunocompromised cases. The aims of this retrospective study were to investigate the antifungal susceptibility patterns and to detect the presence of phospholipase, esterase and biofilm production which are excepted as virulence factors of Candida spp. strains and to evaluate the clonal relationships between isolates. A total of 46 Candida spp. Strains isolated from blood cultures of patients of whom eight were newborn and 38 were adults, between the period of February 2005 to July 2010, were included in the study. Of the isolates 17 were identified as C.albicans, 18 were C.parapsilosis, five were C.glabrata, four were C.tropicalis, one was C.guilliermondii and one was C.krusei. Antifungal susceptibility tests were performed by using "Sensititre Yeast One (Trek Diagnostic Systems, USA)" commercial kit. Esterase activity was detected in Tween-80 medium; phospholipase activity in yolk egg agar and biofilm formation was investigated by microplate assay. Strain genotyping was performed by RAPD-PCR (random amplified polymorphic DNA-polymerase chain reaction) by using OPE-03, OPE-18, AP50-1, Cnd-3 and Cnd-4 primers. All strains were found to be susceptible to amphotericin B, voriconazole, posaconazole, and caspofungin. C.krusei strain was defined as resistant (intrinsically) to fluconazole. All strains of C.albicans, C.parapsilosis, C.glabrata, and C.tropicalis were found to be susceptible to fluconazole. Three of five C.glabrata strains were resistant to itraconazole, while the other strains were found to be susceptible. All of the C.albicans strains had phospholipase and esterase activity, however none were biofilm-producing isolates. In contrast all of the C.parapsilosis strains were negative for phospholipase and esterase activity, however all were positive for biofilm formation. Phospholipase activity has not been detected in non-albicans strains; esterase activity were found positive in all of the C.tropicalis strains, while biofilm formation was detected in three C.tropicalis, one C.glabrata and one C.krusei isolates. The results of genotyping demonstrated that C.albicans strains displayed 5-8 different patterns and C. Parapsilosis strains 2-3 patterns with the use of five primers. Among C.parapsilosis strains, 14 were found identical (with the use of all the primers forming a single pattern (pattern A). In conclusion, the Candida spp. Isolated from blood samples were highly susceptible to the tested antifungals, and C.albicans strains had high phospholipase and esterase activity, while C.parapsilosis strains had high rate of positivity for biofilm formation. The predominant pattern amongst C.parapsilosis strains was thought to be related to exogenous dissemination. Descriptors Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Gultekin,B., Eyigor,M., Tiryaki,Y., Kirdar,S., Aydin,N. Original/Translated Title Kan Kulturlerinden Izole Edilen Candida Suslarinda Antifungal Duyarliligin ve Bazi Virulans Faktorlerinin Arastirilmasi ve RAPD-PCR ile Genotiplendirilmesi URL Date of Electronic PMCID Editors

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