WTS database

Title	Pub Year	Author	SearchLink Sort descending
Effects of inorganic nutrients on the regrowth of heterotrophic bacteria in drinking water distribution systems	2005	Lu, C., Dept. of Environmental Engineering, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 402 Taiwan, Taiwan	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Journal of environmental management Periodical, Abbrev. J.Environ.Manage. Pub Date Free Form / Volume 74 Issue 3 Start Page 255 Other Pages 263 Notes Place of Publication ISSN/ISBN 0301-4797 Accession Number Language SubFile DOI Output Language Unknown(0) PMID Abstract Three laboratory-scale water pipe systems were set up to study the effects of adding three inorganic nutrients (ammonium, nitrate or phosphate) on biofilm formation in water pipes. The results showed that the effects of adding ammonium or nitrate on the biofilm formation were insignificant when levels below 0.1 mg N/l were added. Analogous results were observed when phosphate was added at levels below 0.005 mg P/l. However, as the addition of ammonium increased to 0.5 mg N/l, significant effects on biofilm formation were observed. Similar results were obtained phosphate was added at levels above 0.01 mg P/l. Batch tests were also conducted using water samples collected from a Taiwanese drinking water distribution system. The results indicated that the addition of ammonium, nitrate or phosphate to treatment plant effluent stimulates bacterial growth. In the distributed water of an urban area, the addition of nitrate or phosphate stimulated bacterial growth. The bacterial growth in the distributed water of a suburban area was not stimulated by adding any of these three inorganic nutrients. Â© 2004 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. Descriptors ammonia, drinking water, nitrate, phosphate, article, bacterial growth, bacterium contamination, biofilm, chemical analysis, chemical procedures, controlled study, geographic distribution, inorganic nutrient, nonhuman, particulate matter, statistical analysis, statistical significance, turbidity, water contamination, water quality, water supply, water treatment Links Book Title Database Embase; MEDLINE Publisher Data Source Embase Authors Chu,C., Lu,C., Lee,C. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic PMCID Editors
Effects of chlorine level on the growth of biofilm in drinking water pipes	2003	Lu, C., Dept. of Environmental Engineering, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 402, Taiwan	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Water Science and Technology: Water Supply Periodical, Abbrev. Water Sc.Technol.Water Supply Pub Date Free Form 2003/ Volume 3 Issue 2-Jan Start Page 171 Other Pages 177 Notes Place of Publication ISSN/ISBN 1606-9749 Accession Number Language SubFile DOI Output Language Unknown(0) PMID Abstract Three analogous laboratory-scale water pipe systems were constructed to study the effects of three chlorine levels of finished water on the growth of biofilm. The experimental results indicated that the heterotrophic plate counts (HPCs) of biofilm for chlorine-free water were approximately 2 and 3 orders of magnitude higher than those for low-chlorine water (0.3-0.5 mg/l Cl2) and high-chlorine water (1.2-1.5 mg/l Cl2), respectively. The difference in HPCs between low-chlorine water and high-chlorine water was below 1 order. Average biofilm formation rates are 325 ATP pg/cm2 per day for chlorine-free water, 159 ATP pg/cm2 per day for low-chlorine water and 118 ATP pg/cm2 per day for high-chlorine water. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) observation showed that bacterial species separated from the biofilm were more complex than from the finished water. The Gram-negative bacteria were dominant. Descriptors adenosine triphosphate, chlorine, drinking water, bacterial growth, biofilm, chlorination, conference paper, controlled study, Gram negative bacterium, nonhuman, water analysis, water quality, water standard, water treatment Links Book Title Database Embase Publisher Data Source Embase Authors Chu,C., Lu,C., Lee,C. M., Tasi,C. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic PMCID Editors
Waterpipe tobacco smoking and cigarette smoking: a direct comparison of toxicant exposure and subjective effects	2011		Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Nicotine Tob Res Periodical, Abbrev. Nicotine Tob.Res. Pub Date Free Form Volume 13 Issue 2 Start Page 78 Other Pages 87 Notes ID: 21127030 Place of Publication ISSN/ISBN Accession Number Language en SubFile DOI Output Language Unknown(0) PMID Abstract INTRODUCTION: Waterpipe tobacco smoking is increasing worldwide and is believed by many users to be less harmful and addictive than cigarette smoking. In fact, waterpipe tobacco and cigarette smoke contain many of the same chemicals, and users are exposed to the dependence-producing drug nicotine as well as other smoke toxicants. The subjective effect profile of these 2 tobacco use methods has not been compared directly, though this information is relevant to understanding the risk of dependence development. METHODS: Fifty-four participants who reported waterpipe and cigarette smoking completed 2, 45-min, counter-balanced sessions in which they completed a waterpipe use episode (mean smoking time = 43.3 min) or a cigarette (mean = 6.1 min). Outcome measures included plasma nicotine, carboxyhemoglobin (COHb), and subjective effects, including those relevant to predicting dependence potential. RESULTS: Mean (Â±SEM) peak plasma nicotine concentration did not differ by session (waterpipe = 9.8 Â± 1.0 ng/ml; cigarette = 9.4 Â± 1.0 ng/ml). Mean peak COHb concentration differed significantly (waterpipe = 4.5% Â± 0.3%; cigarette = 1.2% Â± 0.1%). Subjective effect changes for waterpipe and cigarette were comparable in magnitude but often longer lived for waterpipe. CONCLUSIONS: Relative to a cigarette, waterpipe tobacco smoking was associated with similar peak nicotine exposure, 3.75-fold greater COHb, and 56-fold greater inhaled smoke volume. Waterpipe and cigarette influenced many of the same subjective effect measures. These findings are consistent with the conclusion that waterpipe tobacco smoking presents substantial risk of dependence, disease, and death, and they can be incorporated into prevention interventions that might help deter more adolescents and young adults from experimenting with an almost certainly lethal method of tobacco use. Descriptors Carboxyhemoglobin/analysis, Inhalation Exposure/analysis, Nicotine/analysis, Smoking/adverse effects, Tobacco Smoke Pollution/analysis, Tobacco Use Disorder/psychology, Administration, Inhalation, Adult, Carbon Monoxide/analysis, Female, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Questionnaires, Water, Young Adult Links http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3107609/?tool=pubmed; http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ntr/ntq212 Book Title Database MEDLINE; http://www.globalhealthlibrary.net/ Publisher Data Source Authors Cobb,Caroline O., Shihadeh,Alan, Weaver,Michael F., Eissenberg,Thomas Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic PMCID Editors
Changes in soil properties and site productivity caused by red alder	1990	College of Forest Resources, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Water, air, and soil pollution Periodical, Abbrev. Water Air Soil Pollut. Pub Date Free Form 1991; 1990/ Volume 54 Issue SPEC. ISS. Start Page 231 Other Pages 246 Notes Place of Publication ISSN/ISBN 0049-6979 Accession Number Language SubFile DOI Output Language Unknown(0) PMID Abstract Red alder (Alnus rubra Bong.) is well recognized as an effective host plant for the symbiotic fixation of N. While this fixation process leads to the rapid accumulation of N within the ecosystem, it also enhances nutrient accumulation in biomass and soil organic matter and increases nitrification and cation leaching. We hypothesized that changes in soil properties resulting from these processes would decrease site productivity for second rotation red alder. Adjacent stands of 55 yr old alder and Douglas fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii [Mirb.] Franco) were studied at the Thompson Research Center on the Cedar River Watershed in western Washington, USA. The presence of red alder caused the following soil changes: decreased soil solution pH, increased CEC, increased exchangeable acidity accompanied by a decreased soil pH and base saturation. This decreased soil and soil solution pH resulted in increased Al concentration in the soil solution and on exchange sites as well as decreased P availability. To determine the effect of these changes on the productivity of the 2nd rotation alder forest, a species conversion experiment was initiated 5 yr ago. Results from this conversion study clearly indicated that the first rotation red alder forest has caused a relative decrease in the productivity of the second rotation red alder plantation. Compared to the growth of red alder on the former Douglas fir site, the second rotation red alder on the former red alder site exhibited 33% less height growth and 75% less aboveground biomass accumulation after 5 yr. Future research will focus on identifying those factors causing this lower productivity including P availability, soil acidity and Al toxicity, cation availability, and competition with other vegetation. Descriptors aluminum, nitrate, conference paper, nitrogen fixation, nonhuman, soil, tree Links Book Title Database Embase Publisher Data Source Embase Authors Cole,D. W., Compton,J., Van Miegroet,H., Homann,P. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic PMCID Editors
High prevalence of hookah smoking among secondary school students in a disadvantaged community in Johannesburg	2010		Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full S Afr Med J Periodical, Abbrev. S.Afr.Med.J. Pub Date Free Form Volume 100 Issue 5 Start Page 297 Other Pages 9 Notes ID: 20460022 Place of Publication ISSN/ISBN Accession Number Language en SubFile DOI Output Language Unknown(0) PMID Abstract Descriptors Smoking/epidemiology, Adolescent, Child, Female, Humans, Male, Poverty Areas, Prevalence, South Africa/epidemiology, Young Adult Links http://pesquisa.bvsalud.org/ghl/resource/en/mdl-20460022 Book Title Database MEDLINE; http://www.globalhealthlibrary.net/ Publisher Data Source Authors Combrink,A., Irwin,N., Laudin,G., Naidoo,K., Plagerson,S., Mathee,A. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic PMCID Editors
Asbestos fiber in drinking water using asbestos cement waterpipes	1985	'Pippins' Altwood Close, Maidenhead, Berkshire SL6 4PP	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Periodical, Abbrev. GAS WASSER WARME Pub Date Free Form 1985/ Volume 39 Issue 7 Start Page 248 Other Pages 252 Notes Place of Publication ISSN/ISBN Accession Number Language SubFile DOI Output Language Unknown(0) PMID Abstract Descriptors asbestos, drinking water, nonhuman, tube Links Book Title ASBESTFASERN IM TRINKWASSER UNTER BESONDERER BERUCKSICHTIGUNG DER VERWENDUNG VON ASBESTZEMENTROHREN Database Embase Publisher Data Source Embase Authors Commins,B. T. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic PMCID Editors
The history of the discovery of primary amoebic meningoencephalitis.	2002	Cooter, R.	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Australian Family Physician Periodical, Abbrev. Aust.Fam.Physician Pub Date Free Form / Volume 31 Issue 4 Start Page 399 Other Pages 400 Notes Place of Publication ISSN/ISBN 0300-8495 Accession Number Language SubFile DOI Output Language Unknown(0) PMID Abstract BACKGROUND: Primary amoebic meningoencephalitis was first recognised by a South Australian pathologist. The histopathological appearances indicated that the organism, Naegleria fowleri, entered the central nervous system from the nasal cavity via the cribriform plate. But the mode of transmission remained unknown. AIMS: To describe how the pathogenesis of this condition was discovered, and correct misinformation about the events and persons involved in this process. HYPOTHESIS: We hypothesised that pipeline water supplying northern centres in South Australia was responsible for transmitting thermophilic amoebae during the summer months. EVIDENCE: The evidence supporting our hypothesis was: domestic water pipelines were exposed to sunlight and became heated to 35-45 degrees C in summer which promoted the formation of vegetative forms of the amoebae; some patients described using tap water to flush their nasal cavities; and Naegleri fowleri were eventually recovered from domestic tap water supplies. CONCLUSION: A successful collaboration between general practitioners and laboratory scientists elucidated the pathogenesis of primary amoebic encephalomyelitis, a serious public health hazard in South Australia from 1947 until the early 1970s. Descriptors adult, amebiasis, amoeba (life cycle stage), animal, article, Australia, disease transmission, female, human, isolation and purification, male, meningoencephalitis, middle aged, parasitology, pathophysiology, risk assessment Links Book Title Database MEDLINE Publisher Data Source Embase Authors Cooter,R. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic PMCID Editors
Childhood lead poisoning: Case study traces source to drinking water	1989	Massachusetts Department of Public Health, 150 Tremont St., Boston MA 02111	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Journal of environmental health Periodical, Abbrev. J.Environ.Health Pub Date Free Form 1989/ Volume 52 Issue 1 Start Page 346 Other Pages 351 Notes Place of Publication ISSN/ISBN 0022-0892 Accession Number Language SubFile DOI Output Language Unknown(0) PMID Abstract Lead poisoning as a result of drinking water carried through lead service lines has been well-documented in the literature. A case of childhood lead poisoning is presented in which the only identified source of lead was lead solder from newly installed water pipes. Partly as a result of this case, the Massachusetts Board of Plumbers and Gas Fitters banned the use of 50/50 lead-tin solder or potable water lines. It is anticipated that this ban will increase the cost of new housing by only $16 per unit but will significantly reduce one environmental source of lead. Descriptors drinking water, article, case report, human, lead poisoning, preschool child, water contamination Links Book Title Database Embase Publisher Data Source Embase Authors Cosgrove,E., McNulty,P., Brown,M. J., Okonski,L., Madigan,P., Schmidt,J. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic PMCID Editors
Application of hydraulic transients for leak detection in water supply systems	2004	Covas, D., Civil Eng. Dept., Instituto Superior TÃ©cnico, 1049-001 Lisbon, Portugal	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Water Science and Technology: Water Supply Periodical, Abbrev. Water Sci.Technol.Water Supply Pub Date Free Form 2004/ Volume 4 Issue 6-May Start Page 365 Other Pages 374 Notes Place of Publication ISSN/ISBN 1606-9749 Accession Number Language SubFile DOI Output Language Unknown(0) PMID Abstract The current paper reports the investigation of two transient-based techniques for leak detection in water pipe systems using physical data collected in the laboratory and in quasi-field conditions. The first is the analysis of the leak reflected wave during a transient event and the second is inverse transient analysis (ITA). This was approached through the development of an inverse transient analysis tool and the collection of transient data for the testing and validation of this model. Two experimental programmes were carried out at Imperial College and in cooperation with Thames Water for the validation and testing of these techniques. Evaluation of the presence, location and size of leaks was carried out using the collected data. Transient-based techniques have been shown to be successful in the detection and location of leaks and leak location uncertainties depended on the leak size and location, flow regime and location where the transient event was generated. These leak detection methods are very promising for identifying the general area of the trunk main with leakage, and can be combined with other leak location techniques (e.g. acoustic equipment) to more precisely pinpoint the leak position. Transient-based techniques are particularly important for the diagnosis, monitoring and control of existing water supply systems, not only to detect leaks, but also to better understand the causes of pipe bursts and accidents, particularly when these are due to natural transient events. Descriptors acoustics, analytic method, conference paper, cooperation, data analysis, equipment design, flow kinetics, hydraulic conductivity, inverse transient analysis, laboratory diagnosis, physical chemistry, tube, water supply Links Book Title Database Embase Publisher Data Source Embase Authors Covas,D., Ramos,H., Graham,N., Maksimovic,C. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic PMCID Editors
Distribution of ether in two postmortem cases	2006	Phipps, R.A.J., Office of the Chief Medical Examiner, Baltimore, MD 21201, United States	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Journal of analytical toxicology Periodical, Abbrev. J.Anal.Toxicol. Pub Date Free Form 2006/ Volume 30 Issue 8 Start Page 635 Other Pages 637 Notes Place of Publication ISSN/ISBN 0146-4760; 0146-4760 Accession Number Language SubFile DOI Output Language Unknown(0) PMID Abstract Diethyl ether (ether) is a volatile liquid that was used in the 1800s as an anesthetic agent; however, it is no longer used for this purpose, partly because of its odor and flammability. Two postmortem cases in which ether was detected are presented. The first case was an 18-year-old male found hanging from a basement ceiling brace in a semi-sitting position with a gas mask covering his face. A container of PrestoneCurrency Sign starting fluid and a bong were found on the floor close to the body. The second case was a 20-year-old male found unresponsive in his dormitory room with two black plastic trash bags secured over his head. Two saturated rags and a resealable bag containing a clear liquid were contained within these trash bags. An almost empty can of TradcoCurrency Sign starting fluid was also found at the scene. Ether concentrations were determined by headspace gas chromatography - mass spectrometry in the selective ion monitoring mode. In case #1, the medical examiner ruled that the cause of death was asphyxia due to hanging; the manner of death was undetermined. In case #2, the medical examiner ruled that the cause of death was asphyxia and the manner of death was suicide. Descriptors ether, adult, article, asphyxia, autopsy, case report, cause of death, forensic medicine, gas chromatography, hanging, human, male, mass spectrometry, suicide Links Book Title Database Embase; MEDLINE Publisher Data Source Embase Authors Cox,D., DeRienz,R., Phipps,R. A. J., Levine,B., Jacobs,A., Fowler,D. Original/Translated Title URL http://docstore.ingenta.com/cgi-bin/ds_deliver/1/u/d/ISIS/32506016.1/pres/jat/2006/00000030/00000008/art00025/11D82806B958D6A41161142772AA1D167F500B0473.pdf?link=http://www.ingentaconnect.com/error/delivery&format=pdf Date of Electronic PMCID Editors

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