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Title Sort descending	Pub Year	Author	SearchLink
Commercial polymeric fiber as sorbent for solid-phase microextraction combined with high-performance liquid chromatography for the determination of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in water	2009	Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 3, Singapore 117543, Singapore.	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Journal of chromatography.A Periodical, Abbrev. J.Chromatogr.A Pub Date Free Form 30-Oct Volume 1216 Issue 44 Start Page 7520 Other Pages 7526 Notes JID: 9318488; 0 (Polycyclic Hydrocarbons, Aromatic); 0 (Polymers); 0 (Water Pollutants, Chemical); 2008/12/30 [received]; 2009/08/07 [revised]; 2009/09/09 [accepted]; 2009/09/12 [aheadofprint]; ppublish Place of Publication Netherlands ISSN/ISBN 1873-3778; 0021-9673 Accession Number PMID: 19786278 Language eng SubFile Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; IM DOI 10.1016/j.chroma.2009.09.019 [doi] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 19786278 Abstract A novel microextraction method making use of commercial polymer fiber as sorbent, coupled with high-performance liquid chromatography-fluorescence detection for the determination of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in water has been developed. In this technique, the extraction device was simply a length (8 cm) of a strand of commercial polymer fiber, Kevlar (each strand consisted of 1000 filaments, each of diameter ca. 9.23 microm), that was allowed to tumble freely in the aqueous sample solution during extraction. The extracted analytes were desorbed ultrasonically before the extract was injected into HPLC system for analysis. Extraction parameters such as extraction time, desorption time, type of desorption solvent and sample volume were optimized. Each fiber could be used for up to 50 extractions and the method showed good precision, reproducibility and linear response within a concentration range 0.05-5.00 microg L(-1) with correlation coefficients of up to 0.9998. Limits of detection between 0.4 and 4.4 ng L(-1) for seven PAHs could be achieved. The relative standard deviations (n=3) of this technique were between 2.9% and 12.1%. Descriptors Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid/methods, Microscopy, Electron, Scanning, Polycyclic Hydrocarbons, Aromatic/analysis, Polymers/analysis, Solid Phase Microextraction/methods, Water Pollutants, Chemical/analysis Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Hii,T. M., Basheer,C., Lee,H. K. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic 20090912 PMCID Editors
Common household activities are associated with elevated particulate matter concentrations in bedrooms of inner-city Baltimore pre-school children	2008	Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, 1830 East Monument Street, 5th Floor, Baltimore, MD 21231, USA.	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Environmental research Periodical, Abbrev. Environ.Res. Pub Date Free Form Feb Volume 106 Issue 2 Start Page 148 Other Pages 155 Notes LR: 20140908; GR: P01 ES 09606/ES/NIEHS NIH HHS/United States; GR: P01 ES009606/ES/NIEHS NIH HHS/United States; GR: P01 ES009606-019002/ES/NIEHS NIH HHS/United States; GR: P01 ES009606-029002/ES/NIEHS NIH HHS/United States; GR: P01 ES009606-039002/ES/NIEH Place of Publication United States ISSN/ISBN 0013-9351; 0013-9351 Accession Number PMID: 17927974 Language eng SubFile Journal Article; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural; IM DOI S0013-9351(07)00185-5 [pii] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 17927974 Abstract Asthma disproportionately affects inner-city, minority children in the U.S. Outdoor pollutant concentrations, including particulate matter (PM), are higher in inner-cities and contribute to childhood asthma morbidity. Although children spend the majority of time indoors, indoor PM exposures have been less extensively characterized. There is a public health imperative to characterize indoor sources of PM within this vulnerable population to enable effective intervention strategies. In the present study, we sought to identify determinants of indoor PM in homes of Baltimore inner-city pre-school children. Children ages 2-6 (n=300) who were predominantly African-American (90%) and from lower socioeconomic backgrounds were enrolled. Integrated PM(2.5) and PM(10) air sampling was conducted over a 3-day period in the children's bedrooms and at a central monitoring site while caregivers completed daily activity diaries. Homes of pre-school children in inner-city Baltimore had indoor PM concentrations that were twice as high as simultaneous outdoor concentrations. The mean indoor PM(2.5) and PM(10) concentrations were 39.5+/-34.5 and 56.2+/-44.8 microg/m(3), compared to the simultaneously measured ambient PM(2.5) and PM(10) (15.6+/-6.9 and 21.8+/-9.53 microg/m(3), respectively). Common modifiable household activities, especially smoking and sweeping, contributed significantly to higher indoor PM, as did ambient PM concentrations. Open windows were associated with significantly lower indoor PM. Further investigation of the health effects of indoor PM exposure is warranted, as are studies to evaluate the efficacy of PM reduction strategies on asthma health of inner-city children. Descriptors Air Pollutants/adverse effects/analysis, Air Pollution, Indoor/adverse effects/analysis, Asthma/epidemiology/etiology/prevention & control, Baltimore/epidemiology, Child, Child Welfare, Child, Preschool, Environmental Monitoring, Epidemiological Monitoring, Female, Housing, Humans, Male, Particulate Matter/adverse effects/analysis, Poverty, Tobacco Smoke Pollution/adverse effects/analysis, Urban Population Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors McCormack,M. C., Breysse,P. N., Hansel,N. N., Matsui,E. C., Tonorezos,E. S., Curtin-Brosnan,J., Williams,D. L., Buckley,T. J., Eggleston,P. A., Diette,G. B. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic 20071024 PMCID PMC2291550 Editors
Common utility tunnel for utility services at Putrajaya, new administrative centre of Malaysia	2003	Adnan, S.M., SMHB Sdn. Bhd., Consulting Engineers, 55100 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Water Science and Technology: Water Supply Periodical, Abbrev. Water Sc.Technol.Water Supply Pub Date Free Form 2003/ Volume 3 Issue 2-Jan Start Page 29 Other Pages 34 Notes Place of Publication ISSN/ISBN 1606-9749 Accession Number Language SubFile DOI Output Language Unknown(0) PMID Abstract With the requirement for utilities to be installed in a protected environment at Putrajaya, the new Administrative Centre for the Federal Government of Malaysia, a common utility tunnel has been developed, designed and is currently under construction. The common utility tunnel (CUT) complements the "No Dig" policy of Putrajaya and offers year-round access for inspection and maintenance of utilities laid inside the tunnel. The design of the CUT incorporates features for phased construction of the CUT and installation of utilities. The utilities to be housed inside the CUT are electrical power cables, water pipe, chilled water pipes, gas pipe, multimedia cables and telecommunication cables. This paper discusses the move behind the implementation of the CUT and describes the planning and design of the CUT. This is the first time that an effort has been made in Malaysia to get all the utility providers to agree to have the various utilities in a common tunnel and also on cost-sharing of the capital and maintenance expenditure. Descriptors conference paper, cost, environmental impact, environmental planning, Malaysia, pipeline, telecommunication Links Book Title Database Embase Publisher Data Source Embase Authors Adnan,S. M., Heng,T. K. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic PMCID Editors
Community and individual acceptance: family planning services in the Sudan	1987		Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full The Ahfad journal Periodical, Abbrev. Ahfad J. Pub Date Free Form Jun Volume 4 Issue 1 Start Page 12 Other Pages 30 Notes LR: 20091119; JID: 101084491; OID: IND: 8011020; OID: PIP: 057730; OID: POP: 00184012; OTO: PIP; GN: PIP: TJ: AHFAD JOURNAL; ppublish Place of Publication SUDAN ISSN/ISBN 0255-4070; 0255-4070 Accession Number PMID: 12342258 Language eng SubFile Journal Article; J DOI Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 12342258 Abstract PIP: The Sudan Community-Based Health Project, initiated by the University of Khartoum in cooperation with the Ministry of Health in 1980, sought to test the proposition that government-trained village midwives could provide maternal-child health and birth spacing services in addition to their ongoing obstetrical duties. The project area encompassed 92,000 people in 93 villages. The 120 midwives serving the project area received training in 4 interventions -- oral rehydration therapy, maternal and child nutrition, immunization, and birth spacing -- and introduced these services by means of 3 rounds of household visits over a 5-month period. Comparison of pre- and post-intervention survey data indicates that village midwives can indeed be used successfully to promote not only contraceptive use, but also health attitudes and practices that are positively associated with fertility regulation. Between the 2 surveys, the percentage of women who ever used contraception increased from 22% to 28%, while the percentage of current users rose from 10% to 13%. Parity was significantly related to current use; each child born multiplied the likelihood of contraceptive acceptance (by a factor of 0.76 in the post-intervention sample). Maternal education was the socioeconomic variable that most enhanced receptivity to contraceptive acceptance after the project's interventions. In terms of community-level variables, village location along the Nile and proximity to a paved road were significant correlates of contraceptive use. When variables related to the project itself were analyzed, women with vaccinated children were found to be twice as likely to contracept as those with nonvaccinated children and women who believed breast feeding should be continued during diarrhea episodes were 1.5 times more likely to use birth spacing than those who did not. Although midwives did not specifically emphasize contraceptive use, it appears women who were encouraged by midwives to take positive steps in the area of child health were also likely to become more innovative in terms of fertility regulation. Descriptors Africa, Africa, Northern, Birth Intervals, Child Nutritional Physiological Phenomena, Contraception, Contraception Behavior, Delivery of Health Care, Demography, Developing Countries, Economics, Education, Educational Status, Evaluation Studies as Topic, Family Planning Services, Fertility, Fluid Therapy, Health, Health Personnel, Health Planning, Health Services, Immunization, Maternal-Child Health Centers, Medicine, Middle East, Midwifery, Nutritional Physiological Phenomena, Organization and Administration, Population, Population Dynamics, Primary Health Care, Program Evaluation, Sexual Behavior, Social Class, Socioeconomic Factors, Sudan, Teaching, Therapeutics, Arab Countries, Birth Spacing, Child Nutrition, Contraceptive Usage--determinants, Demographic Factors, Economic Factors, Educational Status--women, Evaluation, Evaluation Report, Family Planning, Family Planning Program Evaluation, Family Planning Programs, Intermediate Variables, Maternal Nutrition, Maternal-child Health Services, Midwives, Northern Africa, Nutrition, Oral Rehydration, Programs, Reproductive Behavior, Socioeconomic Status, Training Activities, Training Programs, Treatment Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors El Tom,A. R., Farah,A. A., Lauro,D., Fenn,T. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic PMCID Editors
Community Attitudes Toward Mass Drug Administration for Control and Elimination of Neglected Tropical Diseases After the 2014 Outbreak of Ebola Virus Disease in Lofa County, Liberia	2016	Infectious Diseases Division, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri; Liberian Institute for Biomedical Research, Charlesville, Liberia; London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom;	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene Periodical, Abbrev. Am.J.Trop.Med.Hyg. Pub Date Free Form Mar Volume 94 Issue 3 Start Page 497 Other Pages 503 Notes LR: 20160319; CI: (c) The American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene.; JID: 0370507; 0 (Antiparasitic Agents); 6490C9U457 (Praziquantel); 70288-86-7 (Ivermectin); F4216019LN (Albendazole); OID: NLM: PMC4775880; 2015/08/12 [received]; 2015/11/03 [ac Place of Publication United States ISSN/ISBN 1476-1645; 0002-9637 Accession Number PMID: 26666700 Language eng SubFile Historical Article; Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; AIM; IM DOI 10.4269/ajtmh.15-0591 [doi] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 26666700 Abstract The recent outbreak of Ebola virus disease (EVD) interrupted mass drug administration (MDA) programs to control and eliminate neglected tropical diseases in Liberia. MDA programs treat entire communities with medication regardless of infection status to interrupt transmission and eliminate lymphatic filariasis and onchocerciasis. Following reports of hostilities toward health workers and fear that they might be spreading EVD, it was important to determine whether attitudes toward MDA might have changed after the outbreak. We surveyed 140 community leaders from 32 villages in Lofa County, Liberia, that had previously participated in MDA and are located in an area that was an early epicenter of the EVD outbreak. Survey respondents reported a high degree of community trust in the MDA program, and 97% thought their communities were ready to resume MDA. However, respondents predicted that fewer people would comply with MDA after the EVD epidemic than before. The survey also uncovered fears in the community that EVD and MDA might be linked. Respondents suggested that MDA programs emphasize to people that the medications are identical to those previously distributed and that MDA programs have nothing to do with EVD. Descriptors Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Bogus,J., Gankpala,L., Fischer,K., Krentel,A., Weil,G.J., Fischer,P.U., Kollie,K., Bolay,F.K. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic 20151214 PMCID PMC4775880 Editors
Community Knowledge, Attitudes, and Practices Regarding Ebola Virus Disease - Five Counties, Liberia, September-October, 2014	2015		Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full MMWR.Morbidity and mortality weekly report Periodical, Abbrev. MMWR Morb.Mortal.Wkly.Rep. Pub Date Free Form 10-Jul Volume 64 Issue 26 Start Page 714 Other Pages 718 Notes JID: 7802429; ppublish Place of Publication United States ISSN/ISBN 1545-861X; 0149-2195 Accession Number PMID: 26158352 Language eng SubFile Journal Article; IM DOI mm6426a2 [pii] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 26158352 Abstract As of July 1, 2015, Guinea, Liberia, and Sierra Leone have reported a total of 27,443 confirmed, probable, and suspected Ebola virus disease (Ebola) cases and 11,220 deaths. Guinea and Sierra Leone have yet to interrupt transmission of Ebola virus. In January, 2016, Liberia successfully achieved Ebola transmission-free status, with no new Ebola cases occurring during a 42-day period; however, new Ebola cases were reported beginning June 29, 2015. Local cultural practices and beliefs have posed challenges to disease control, and therefore, targeted, timely health messages are needed to address practices and misperceptions that might hinder efforts to stop the spread of Ebola. As early as September 2014, Ebola spread to most counties in Liberia. To assess Ebola-related knowledge, attitudes, and practices (KAP) in the community, CDC epidemiologists who were deployed to the counties (field team), carried out a survey conducted by local trained interviewers. The survey was conducted in September and October 2014 in five counties in Liberia with varying cumulative incidence of Ebola cases. Survey results indicated several findings. First, basic awareness of Ebola was high across all surveyed populations (median correct responses = 16 of 17 questions on knowledge of Ebola transmission; range = 2-17). Second, knowledge and understanding of Ebola symptoms were incomplete (e.g., 61% of respondents said they would know if they had Ebola symptoms). Finally, certain fears about the disease were present: >90% of respondents indicated a fear of Ebola patients, >40% a fear of cured patients, and >50% a fear of treatment units (expressions of this last fear were greater in counties with lower Ebola incidence). This survey, which was conducted at a time when case counts were rapidly increasing in Liberia, indicated limited knowledge of Ebola symptoms and widespread fear of Ebola treatment units despite awareness of communication messages. Continued efforts are needed to address cultural practices and beliefs to interrupt Ebola transmission. Descriptors Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Kobayashi,M., Beer,K.D., Bjork,A., Chatham-Stephens,K., Cherry,C.C., Arzoaquoi,S., Frank,W., Kumeh,O., Sieka,J., Yeiah,A., Painter,J.E., Yoder,J.S., Flannery,B., Mahoney,F., Nyenswah,T.G. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic PMCID Editors
Community quarantine to interrupt Ebola virus transmission - Mawah Village, Bong County, Liberia, August-October, 2014	2015		Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full MMWR.Morbidity and mortality weekly report Periodical, Abbrev. MMWR Morb.Mortal.Wkly.Rep. Pub Date Free Form 27-Feb Volume 64 Issue 7 Start Page 179 Other Pages 182 Notes JID: 7802429; ppublish Place of Publication United States ISSN/ISBN 1545-861X; 0149-2195 Accession Number PMID: 25719679 Language eng SubFile Journal Article; IM DOI mm6407a4 [pii] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 25719679 Abstract On September 30, 2014, the Bong County health officer notified the county Ebola task force of a growing outbreak of Ebola virus disease (Ebola) in Mawah, a village of approximately 800 residents. During September 9-16, household quarantine had been used by the community in response to a new Ebola infection. Because the infection led to a local outbreak that grew during September 17-20, county authorities suggested community quarantine be considered, and beginning on approximately September 20, the Fuamah District Ebola Task Force (Task Force) engaged Mawah leaders to provide education about Ebola and to secure cooperation for the proposed measures. On September 30, Bong County requested technical assistance to develop strategies to limit transmission in the village and to prevent spread to other areas. The county health team, with support from the Task Force and CDC, traveled to Mawah on October 1 and identified approximately two dozen residents reporting symptoms consistent with Ebola. Because of an ambulance shortage, 2 days were required, beginning October 1, to transport the patients to an Ebola treatment unit in Monrovia. Community quarantine measures, consisting of restrictions on entering or leaving Mawah, regulated river crossings, and market closures, were implemented on October 1. Local leaders raised concerns about availability of medical care and food. The local clinic was reopened on October 11, and food was distributed on October 12. The Task Force reported a total of 22 cases of Ebola in Mawah during September 9-October 2, of which 19 were fatal. During October 3-November 21, no new cases were reported in the village. Involving community members during planning and implementation helped support a safe and effective community quarantine in Mawah. Descriptors Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Nyenswah,T., Blackley,D.J., Freeman,T., Lindblade,K.A., Arzoaquoi,S.K., Mott,J.A., Williams,J.N., Halldin,C.N., Kollie,F., Laney,A.S., Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic PMCID Editors
Community smoking behavior in Changqiao, Shanghai	2008	School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Asia-Pacific Journal of Public Health / Asia-Pacific Academic Consortium for Public Health Periodical, Abbrev. Asia.Pac.J.Public.Health. Pub Date Free Form Volume 20 Issue 2 Start Page 94 Other Pages 101 Notes LR: 20151119; JID: 8708538; 0 (Tobacco Smoke Pollution); ppublish Place of Publication China ISSN/ISBN 1941-2479; 1010-5395 Accession Number PMID: 19124303 Language eng SubFile Journal Article; IM DOI 10.1177/1010539507311182 [doi] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 19124303 Abstract China has observed increasing tobacco use in the past decade. Only a few studies describing smoking behavior were reported at the community level in China. The present research aimed to obtain baseline data on tobacco use and factors that influence smoking behaviors in a local community in Shanghai, China. A total of 2100 residents in Changqiao, Shanghai, between ages 13 and 84 years were surveyed using a multistage proportional random sampling design. On the basis of that, a subsampling was conducted, and 1500 residents were randomly selected to avoid a cluster effect. There were 28.3% ever smokers (53.3% for men and 2.3% for women) and 23.5% current smokers (44.2% for men and 1.9% for women). Men ages 40 to 49 years smoked the most (more than 17 cigarettes per day on average). Age, education, and marital status were significant predictors of current smoking among men. Only 13.4% of current smokers were willing to quit. The prevalence of secondhand smoke exposure was 30.4% among nonsmokers. Smoking and secondhand smoking are serious problems in Changqiao, Shanghai. Comprehensive and intensive interventions should be implemented to motivate quitting and reduce secondhand smoke exposure. Descriptors Adolescent, Adult, Age Distribution, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, China/epidemiology, Female, Humans, Interviews as Topic, Male, Middle Aged, Multivariate Analysis, Prevalence, Residence Characteristics, Sex Distribution, Smoking/epidemiology, Smoking Cessation/statistics & numerical data, Social Behavior, Socioeconomic Factors, Surveys and Questionnaires, Tobacco Smoke Pollution/statistics & numerical data, Young Adult Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Zheng,P., Fu,Y., Lu,Y., Ji,M., Hovell,M. F., Fu,H. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic PMCID Editors
Community-centered responses to Ebola in urban Liberia: the view from below	2015	Department of Anthropology & Center for African Studies, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, United States of America.; Department of Anthropology, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, United States of America.; Department of Epidemiology & C	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full PLoS neglected tropical diseases Periodical, Abbrev. PLoS Negl Trop.Dis. Pub Date Free Form 9-Apr Volume 9 Issue 4 Start Page e0003706 Other Pages Notes LR: 20150422; JID: 101291488; EIN: PLoS Negl Trop Dis. 2015 May;9(5):e0003767. PMID: 25951327; OID: NLM: PMC4391876; 2015/04 [ecollection]; 2014/11/26 [received]; 2015/03/16 [accepted]; 2015/04/09 [epublish]; epublish Place of Publication United States ISSN/ISBN 1935-2735; 1935-2727 Accession Number PMID: 25856072 Language eng SubFile Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; IM DOI 10.1371/journal.pntd.0003706 [doi] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 25856072 Abstract BACKGROUND: The West African Ebola epidemic has demonstrated that the existing range of medical and epidemiological responses to emerging disease outbreaks is insufficient, especially in post-conflict contexts with exceedingly poor healthcare infrastructures. In this context, community-based responses have proven vital for containing Ebola virus disease (EVD) and shifting the epidemic curve. Despite a surge in interest in local innovations that effectively contained the epidemic, the mechanisms for community-based response remain unclear. This study provides baseline information on community-based epidemic control priorities and identifies innovative local strategies for containing EVD in Liberia. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS: This study was conducted in September 2014 in 15 communities in Monrovia and Montserrado County, Liberia--one of the epicenters of the Ebola outbreak. Findings from 15 focus group discussions with 386 community leaders identified strategies being undertaken and recommendations for what a community-based response to Ebola should look like under then-existing conditions. Data were collected on the following topics: prevention, surveillance, care-giving, community-based treatment and support, networks and hotlines, response teams, Ebola treatment units (ETUs) and hospitals, the management of corpses, quarantine and isolation, orphans, memorialization, and the need for community-based training and education. Findings have been presented as community-based strategies and recommendations for (1) prevention, (2) treatment and response, and (3) community sequelae and recovery. Several models for community-based management of the current Ebola outbreak were proposed. Additional findings indicate positive attitudes towards early Ebola survivors, and the need for community-based psychosocial support. CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE: Local communities' strategies and recommendations give insight into how urban Liberian communities contained the EVD outbreak while navigating the systemic failures of the initial state and international response. Communities in urban Liberia adapted to the epidemic using multiple coping strategies. In the absence of health, infrastructural and material supports, local people engaged in self-reliance in order to contain the epidemic at the micro-social level. These innovations were regarded as necessary, but as less desirable than a well-supported health-systems based response; and were seen as involving considerable individual, social, and public health costs, including heightened vulnerability to infection. Descriptors Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Abramowitz,S.A., McLean,K.E., McKune,S.L., Bardosh,K.L., Fallah,M., Monger,J., Tehoungue,K., Omidian,P.A. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic 20150409 PMCID PMC4391876 Editors
Comparative analysis of the effects of hubble-bubble (Sheesha) and cigarette smoking on respiratory and metabolic parameters in hubble-bubble and cigarette smokers	2006	Al Mutairi, S.S., Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Safat 13110, Kuwait	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Respirology Periodical, Abbrev. Respirology Pub Date Free Form / Volume 11 Issue 4 Start Page 449 Other Pages 455 Notes Place of Publication ISSN/ISBN 1323-7799; 1440-1843 Accession Number Language SubFile DOI Output Language Unknown(0) PMID Abstract Objectives and background: Hazard of smoking tobacco is believed to be minimized by smoking hubble-bubble (HB) instead of cigarettes. Our aims were to (i) develop an assay for estimating nicotine and cotinine; and (ii) evaluate the effect of smoking on respiratory and metabolic parameters in cigarette and HB smokers. Methods: Urine samples were collected from 152 volunteer smokers (75 cigarette and 77 HB) as well as from 16 healthy controls. We optimized an HPLC method for the determination of nicotine and cotinine. Subjects were asked to complete a chronic respiratory symptoms questionnaire and to undergo spirometry. Fasting blood samples were collected for the determination of their lipid profile. Results: The intra-assay coefficients of variation for nicotine and cotinine were 16.6% and 6.6%, respectively. The mean of cotinine in cigarette smokers (1321.4 ng/mL) was significantly (P = 0.008) higher than the mean cotinine (677.6 ng/mL) in HB smokers. The mean nicotine level in cigarette smokers (1487.3 ng/mL) was significantly (P < 0.0001) higher than the mean nicotine (440.5 ng/mL) in HB smoker. The urinary cotinine and nicotine levels of the control subjects were lower than the detection levels of the assay. The mean high-density lipoprotein cholesterol was lower in cigarette smokers (0.99 mmol/L) compared with HB smoker smokers (1.02 mmol/L) but this was not significant (P = 0.28). Spirometric values were comparable among the three groups but the chronic respiratory symptoms in the smoking groups appeared at an earlier age in the HB smokers compared with the cigarettes smokers (P < 0.05). Conclusion: Smoking HB does not reduce the risk of tobacco exposure and it's potentially harmful metabolites on health. Â© 2006 Asian Pacific Society of Respirology. Descriptors cotinine, glucose, high density lipoprotein cholesterol, low density lipoprotein cholesterol, nicotine, triacylglycerol, adult, aged, analytic method, article, cholesterol blood level, chronic respiratory tract disease, smoking, controlled study, female, glucose blood level, high performance liquid chromatography, human, lipid blood level, lipid metabolism, major clinical study, male, observer variation, priority journal, questionnaire, spirometry, triacylglycerol blood level, urine level Links Book Title Database Embase; MEDLINE Publisher Data Source Embase Authors Al Mutairi,S. S., Shihab-Eldeen,A. A., Mojiminiyi,O. A., Anwar,A. A. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic PMCID Editors

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