WTS database

Title	Pub Year	Author	SearchLink Sort descending
Hubble bubble equals trouble: the hazards of water pipe smoking.	2006	Urkin, J., Primary Pediatric Unit, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of theNegev, Beer-Sheva, Israel.	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full TheScientificWorldJournal Periodical, Abbrev. ScientificWorldJournal Pub Date Free Form / Volume 6 Issue Start Page 1990 Other Pages 1997 Notes Place of Publication ISSN/ISBN 1537-744X Accession Number Language SubFile DOI Output Language Unknown(0) PMID Abstract A Narghile, one of the names for a water pipe, is an instrument for tobacco smoking that has became a trend among the youth in Israel. The mistaken opinion that smoking a Narghile is not as dangerous as smoking cigarettes makes the youngsters and their parents take it lightly and contributes to the expansion of its use. The objective of this paper was to review the literature on the health risks of Narghile smoking. A literature search of Medline (PubMed) and the Internet on the health hazards of Narghile smoking was conducted. The health hazards that the Narghile smoker is exposed to include interference with oxidation, damage to genetic compounds, increased risk of developing malignancies, infectious diseases, damage to the fetus and newborn, and exposure to commonly abused chemicals. It is concluded that increased awareness of the expanded use of the Narghile is imperative and education programs about the prevention of cigarette smoking and substance abuse should also include Narghile smoking. Descriptors adolescent, child behavior, human, psychological aspect, review, smoking, tobacco dependence Links Book Title Database MEDLINE Publisher Data Source Embase Authors Urkin,J., Ochaion,R., Peleg,A. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic PMCID Editors
Equipment for testing the water-tightness of drinking water pipe joints in relation to the new requirements of installation and repair of pipes damaged by war.; Attrezzature per la prova ed il controllo di tenuta dei giunti delle condutture per acque pota	1951	Vacino, E.	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Rendiconti - Istituto superiore di sanitÃ Periodical, Abbrev. Rend Ist Sup Sanit Pub Date Free Form / Volume 14 Issue 1 Start Page 5 Other Pages 18 Notes Place of Publication ISSN/ISBN 0370-5811 Accession Number Language SubFile DOI Output Language Unknown(0) PMID Abstract Descriptors article, PLUMBING, sanitation Links Book Title Database MEDLINE Publisher Data Source Embase Authors Vacino,E. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic PMCID Editors
Re: Prevalence and Determinants of Waterpipe ('sheesha') Tobacco use among Adolescents in Oman	2008		Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Sultan Qaboos Univ Med J Periodical, Abbrev. Pub Date Free Form Volume 8 Issue 2 Start Page 243 Other Pages 243 Notes ID: 21748068 Place of Publication ISSN/ISBN Accession Number Language en SubFile DOI Output Language Unknown(0) PMID Abstract Descriptors Links http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3074819/?tool=pubmed Book Title Database MEDLINE; http://www.globalhealthlibrary.net/ Publisher Data Source Authors Vaishnav,Ragini, Al-Aghbari,Talal, Al-Masoudi,Thuraiya, Al-Jabri,Maha Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic PMCID Editors
Some experiences with the permeation of organic compounds through plastic drinking water pipes	1985		Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full H2O Periodical, Abbrev. H2O Pub Date Free Form 1985/ Volume 18 Issue 5 Start Page 88; 95+87 Other Pages 88; 95+87 Notes Place of Publication ISSN/ISBN 0166-8439 Accession Number Language SubFile DOI Output Language Unknown(0) PMID Abstract Descriptors chloroalkene, drinking water, hydrocarbon, plastic, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon, unclassified drug, nonhuman, pipeline, soil pollution, theoretical study, therapy, water treatment Links Book Title Database Embase Publisher Data Source Embase Authors Van Der Heijden,B. G. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic PMCID Editors
The impact of nitrification on soil acidification and cation leaching in a red alder ecosystem	1984	College of Forest Resources, Univ. of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Journal of environmental quality Periodical, Abbrev. J.Environ.Qual. Pub Date Free Form 1984/ Volume 13 Issue 4 Start Page 586 Other Pages 590 Notes Place of Publication ISSN/ISBN 0047-2425 Accession Number Language SubFile DOI Output Language Unknown(0) PMID Abstract The objectives of this study were to investigate the impacts of internal nitrification on soil and soil solution acidity and on the rate of nutrient export through NO3- mediated leaching. This was achieved by comparing soil chemical properties and soil solution composition within a naturally N-rich red alder (Alnus rubra Bong.) ecosystem to those of an adjacent Douglas-fir [Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirbel) Franco] forest where soil N levels were significantly lower and no measurable HNO3 production could be observed. In the red alder system, where > 100 kg ha-1 yr-1 of N were added through symbiotic N2 fixation, the net annual NO3- leaching past the 40-cm soil depth amounted to 3460 mol charges ha-1, and NO3- concentrations in the solutions collected below 40 cm periodically exceeded drinking water standards of 10 mg L-1. The H+ and NO3- release was most pronounced in the forest floor and top 10 cm of the soil under alder occupancy and caused significant acidification of percolating solutions. Less than 1% of the total H+ input from internal (nitrification) and external (atmospheric) sources leached below the 40-cm depth, which was indicative for the strong buffering capacity of this particular soil. The cation displacement reactions involved in this pH buffering caused a 15% decline in base saturation and a significant acidification of the upper part of the soil profile. The presence of large amounts of mobile NO3- in solution triggered accelerated cation leaching, causing a selective redistribution of primarily exchangeable Ca2+ from the A to the B horizon. These field studies lead us to conclude that the rate and the selectivity of NO3- mediated leaching in a red alder system could significantly lower the exchangeable cation pool in the rooting zone or cause nutrient imbalance, if a site is managed for repeated rotations of red alder. Descriptors calcium, nitrate, ecology, vascular plant, leaching, nitrogen fixation, nonhuman, pH, plant, priority journal, soil Links Book Title Database Embase Publisher Data Source Embase Authors Van Miegroet,H., Cole,D. W. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic PMCID Editors
[Water-pipe tobacco smoking among school children in Israel: frequencies, habits, and attitudes]	2003		Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Harefuah Periodical, Abbrev. Harefuah Pub Date Free Form Volume 142 Issue 11 Start Page 736 Other Pages 41, 807 Notes ID: 14631902 Place of Publication ISSN/ISBN Accession Number Language he SubFile DOI Output Language Unknown(0) PMID Abstract BACKGROUND: Tobacco smoking via a water-pipe (Nargile) is a new phenomena among school children in Israel in recent years. Water-pipe tobacco has the potential for nicotine addiction, for other smoking-related damages and for drug abuse. GOALS: Our primary goal was to characterize the frequencies of water-pipe smoking among school children in Israel, its distribution according to age, gender, habits and attitudes. The secondary goal was to compare its use to cigarette smoking among these school children. METHODS: A self-reported questionnaire was distributed among 388 school children (ages 12-18 years old) in grades A, and C, of middle schools and grade B of high schools in a central region of Israel. The questionnaires were answered unanimously and the process was conducted in classes by the school teacher and by nursing school students. RESULTS: Among all school children in this study, 41% smoke a water-pipe at various frequencies. Of all the children, 22% smoke at least every weekend. Water-pipe smoking was 3 times more frequent than cigarette smoking and was almost equally distributed among both genders, but girls were heavier smokers than boys, of either water pipe or cigarette smoking. Six percent of water-pipe smokers add psychoactive drugs or alcohol to the tobacco. The main reasons for water-pipe smoking were the pleasure achieved and the intimacy that it adds to the youngsters' meetings. Ninety percent of all the school children believe that water-pipe smoking is not healthy, but at least 50% believes it is less harmful than cigarettes. According to school children that smoke water-pipes at least every weekend, 40% of their parents are current or ex-smokers of water-pipes, in contrast with 10% of parents to non-smoking children and about a quarter of the children who smoke also do so together with their parents. CONCLUSIONS: Tobacco smoking via water-pipes is a very common phenomena among middle and high school children in Israel. Girls are heavier smokers and adding drugs or alcohol to water-pipe tobacco is a fact. School children and their parents perceive that tobacco smoking via water-pipe is much safer than cigarette smoking. These alarming findings call upon the need for aggressive intervention by the Ministries of Education and Health, as well as the Anti-Drug Authority. More rigorous efforts should be implemented in terms of education and dissemination of the data regarding known hazards among schoolteachers, parents and school children. Further research is also necessary in order to prevent other ominous and camouflaged modalities of nicotine addiction at an early age. Descriptors Smoking/epidemiology, Adolescent, Attitude to Health, Child, Female, Health Education, Humans, Incidence, Israel/epidemiology, Male, Nicotine, Sex Characteristics, Students, Nursing, Substance-Related Disorders/epidemiology, Substance-Related Disorders/prevention & control, Questionnaires, Water Links http://pesquisa.bvsalud.org/ghl/resource/en/mdl-14631902 Book Title Database MEDLINE; http://www.globalhealthlibrary.net/ Publisher Data Source Authors Varsano,Shabtai, Ganz,Irit, Eldor,Naomi, Garenkin,Mila Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic PMCID Editors
Water supply, sanitation and housing in relation to the risk of infant mortality from diarrhoea	1988	Departamento de Medicina Social, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal, 96001 Pelotas	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full International journal of epidemiology Periodical, Abbrev. Int.J.Epidemiol. Pub Date Free Form 1988/ Volume 17 Issue 3 Start Page 651 Other Pages 654 Notes Place of Publication ISSN/ISBN 0300-5771 Accession Number Language SubFile DOI Output Language Unknown(0) PMID Abstract In a population-based case-control study in the metropolitan areas of Porto Alegre and Pelotas in southern Brazil children dying in infancy from diarrhoea were compared to neighbourhood controls in terms of several social and environmental variables. Factors found to be significantly associated with an increased risk of death from diarrhoea included the non-availability of piped water, the absence of a flush toilet, residence in a poorly built house and household overcrowding. When adjustment was made for confounding variables and the mutual confounding effect of the environmental variables on each other, the only association that remained statistically significant was that with the availability of piped water. The association with poor housing was almost significant (p = 0.052). Compared to those with water piped to their house, those without easy access to piped water were found to be 4.8 times more likely to suffer infant death from diarrhoea (95% confidence interval 1.7 to 13.8) and those with water piped to their plot but not to their house had a 1.5 times greater risk (95% confidence interval 0.8 to 3.0). Descriptors Brazil, child, diarrhea, epidemiology, fatality, housing, human, infant mortality, priority journal, risk, sanitation, water supply Links Book Title Database Embase; MEDLINE Publisher Data Source Embase Authors Victora,C. G., Smith,P. G., Vaughan,J. P., Nobre,L. C., Lombardi,C., Teixeira,A. M. B., Fuchs,S. C., Moreira,L. B., Gigante,L. P., Barros,F. C. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic PMCID Editors
Continuous poliovirus detection in water supply distribution networks	1988	Centre de Recherches et de Controle des Eaux de Paris, 75014 Paris	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Comptes Rendus de l'Academie des Sciences - Serie III Periodical, Abbrev. C.R.ACAD.SCI.SER.III Pub Date Free Form 1988/ Volume 307 Issue 4 Start Page 171 Other Pages 176 Notes Place of Publication ISSN/ISBN 0249-6313 Accession Number Language SubFile DOI Output Language Unknown(0) PMID Abstract Continuous virological control can be carried out when using glass wool as an adsorption support for virus concentration. In the described conditions more than 70% of the Poliovirus population in water pipe derivations can be detected. Descriptors methodology, organization and management, Poliomyelitis virus, prevention, water analysis, water pollution, water supply Links Book Title Database Embase; MEDLINE Publisher Data Source Embase Authors Vilagines,P., Sarrette,B., Vilagines,R. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic PMCID Editors
Managing electromagnetic fields from residential electrode grounding systems: a predecision analysis.	1996	von Winterfeldt, D., University of Southern California, Institute of Safety and Systems Management, University Park, Los Angeles, USA.	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Bioelectromagnetics Periodical, Abbrev. Bioelectromagnetics Pub Date Free Form / Volume 17 Issue 2 Start Page 71 Other Pages 84 Notes Place of Publication ISSN/ISBN 0197-8462 Accession Number Language SubFile DOI Output Language Unknown(0) PMID Abstract Several epidemiological studies have linked exposure to electromagnetic fields (EMFs) with health effects, including leukemia and brain cancer, but the research is still inconclusive. In particular, no clear causal mechanism has been identified by which EMFs may promote cancers. Nevertheless, the concerns raised by the positive epidemiological studies have led to increasing efforts to reduce EMFs from a number of sources. One source of EMFs are home grounding systems that are connected through water pipes in homes to water mains. This paper analyzes whether home owners who are concerned about electromagnetic fields exposure from home grounding systems should take any action to reduce fields. Assuming that the grounding system produces elevated magnetic fields (e.g., 2-3 mG or higher), this study investigates several readily available alternatives and evaluates them with respect to five criteria: risk reduction, cost, fire risk increase, worker risk, and electrical shock risk. Because of the lack of conclusive evidence about an EMF-cancer relationship, this study uses a parameterized approach that makes conditional estimates of health risk depending on future research outcomes and on the nature of the EMF/health effects relationship. This type of analysis, which is called predecision analysis because of its preliminary nature, is therefore highly dependent on a set of assumptions. Nevertheless, this predecision analysis had some fairly clear results. First, waiting for more research or taking a fairly inexpensive corrective action (insulating the water pipe to reduce ground current flow) seem to be the main contenders for the best decision for many different assumptions and parameters. Second, the choice between these two actions is very sensitive to variations in assumptions and parameters. Homeowners who accept the base-case assumptions and parameters of this study should prefer to wait. If any of the base-case parameters are changed to more pessimistic estimates or if psychological concerns (like worry and regret) are considered, then the best action is to insulate the pipe to reduce the current flow through the water pipes. Descriptors article, building material, decision support system, electric injury, electricity, electrode, electromagnetic field, fire, housing, human, leukemia, probability, risk factor, sanitation, sensitivity and specificity Links Book Title Database MEDLINE Publisher Data Source Embase Authors von Winterfeldt,D., Trauger,T. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic PMCID Editors
Effect of smoking on aerobic microflora of dental plaques	1990		Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Bulletin of High Institute of Public Health Periodical, Abbrev. Pub Date Free Form Volume 20 Issue 1 Start Page 59 Other Pages 65 Notes ID: 18086 Place of Publication ISSN/ISBN Accession Number Language english SubFile DOI Output Language Unknown(0) PMID Abstract Dental plaques of 36 smokers of cigarettes, shisha and ghoza with a mean age of 35.4 years As well as those of a control group of 23] non smokers of similar age were investigated to study their aerobic microflora, The specimen were taken from So dental plaque. Their bacterial population was estimated. Smoker! using cigarette had the lower score gingivitis 0-2] while those using shisha and ghoza had higher score 3-4] as compared with control group. showing Zero-1] score. The type of organisms en countered in smokers was not markedly different from that in not smokers but their numbers varied a lot. However, streptococci diphtheroids and micrococci took the upper hand in the latter while lactose and non lactose fermenting gram ve bacilli and Candida tropicalis were absent from such samples. Higher counts of fungi were noted in smokers in general and those of shisha i ghoza in particular. Association of high numbers of yeasts and bacteria was noted in 19/36 and 5/23 of smokers and non smokers respectively. Three types of yeasts were isolated C. albicans C. tropicalis saccharomyces cervicae. While filamentous fungi represented by aspergillus and penicillium spp. It was obviom from that when there was rise in number of fungi iii smokers number of bacteria was simulataneouly increased as well Descriptors Bacteria, Aerobic, Smoking Links http://pesquisa.bvsalud.org/ghl/resource/en/emro-18086 Book Title Database GHL; http://www.globalhealthlibrary.net/ Publisher Data Source Authors Wageh,Nagaat M., Abou Donia,Hadia Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic PMCID Editors

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