WTS database

Title	Pub Year	Author Sort descending	SearchLink
Characterization of antimicrobial resistance and extended-spectrum beta-lactamase genes in Escherichia coli isolated from chickens	2015	1 College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University , Changchun, China .	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Foodborne pathogens and disease Periodical, Abbrev. Foodborne Pathog.Dis. Pub Date Free Form Apr Volume 12 Issue 4 Start Page 345 Other Pages 352 Notes JID: 101120121; 0 (Anti-Bacterial Agents); EC 3.5.2.6 (beta-Lactamases); 2015/03/18 [aheadofprint]; ppublish Place of Publication United States ISSN/ISBN 1556-7125; 1535-3141 Accession Number PMID: 25785885 Language eng SubFile Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; IM DOI 10.1089/fpd.2014.1857 [doi] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 25785885 Abstract Extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL)-producing Escherichia coli have been frequently isolated from food-producing animals and pose a serious threat to human health. This study collected 195 ESBL-producing E. coli isolates from 20 chicken farms and 3 live-bird markets located in Northeast China (Heilongjiang, Liaoning, Jilin) and Jiangsu province from February 2011 to October 2013. ESBL genes, including blaCTX-M, blaTEM, and blaSHV, were detected and characterized, and the susceptibilities of these strains to various antimicrobial agents were determined. One hundred ninety-one of these isolates carried 1 or more bla genes. blaCTX-M, blaTEM-1, and blaSHV-5 were identified in 183, 121, and 2 isolates, respectively. The most common blaCTX-M genes were blaCTX-M-15 (68 strains), blaCTX-M-65 (41 strains), blaCTX-M-55 (35 strains), blaCTX-M-14 (32 strains), followed by blaCTX-M-3, blaCTX-M-13, blaCTX-M-79, and blaCTX-M-101, as well as the chimeric genes blaCTX-M-64, blaCTX-M-123, and blaCTX-M-132. Fifteen strains (7.7%) co-harboring CTX-M-1 group and CTX-M-9 group genes were detected in 195 ESBL-producing strains. Pulsed-field gel electrophoresis of 45 strains showed that these CTX-M-producing isolates belonged to 34 different types. To our knowledge, this is the first study to report the blaSHV-5 gene in E. coli isolated from chickens in China. Conjugation experiments demonstrated that the blaCTX-M and blaTEM genes could be transferred to E. coli strain J53, while conjugative transfer of the blaSHV-5 gene from two isolates was not detectable. blaCTX-M genes are carried by many kinds of transferable and untypable plasmids. Our findings demonstrate that the CTX-M enzymes are predominant in both type and quantity. Descriptors Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Tong,P., Sun,Y., Ji,X., Du,X., Guo,X., Liu,J., Zhu,L., Zhou,B., Zhou,W., Liu,G., Feng,S. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic 20150318 PMCID Editors
Prevalence and characterization of cefotaxime and ciprofloxacin co-resistant Escherichia coli isolates in retail chicken carcasses and Ground Pork, China	2014	1 Department of Food Science, National Institutes for Food and Drug Control , Beijing, People's Republic of China .	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Microbial drug resistance (Larchmont, N.Y.) Periodical, Abbrev. Microb.Drug Resist. Pub Date Free Form Feb Volume 20 Issue 1 Start Page 73 Other Pages 81 Notes JID: 9508567; 0 (Anti-Bacterial Agents); 5E8K9I0O4U (Ciprofloxacin); EC 3.5.2.6 (beta-Lactamases); N2GI8B1GK7 (Cefotaxime); 2013/08/17 [aheadofprint]; ppublish Place of Publication United States ISSN/ISBN 1931-8448; 1076-6294 Accession Number PMID: 23952362 Language eng SubFile Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; IM DOI 10.1089/mdr.2012.0224 [doi] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 23952362 Abstract Retail meat products could serve as an important medium for the transfer of multidrug resistant isolates from food-producing animals to the community. In this study, the prevalence and characteristics of cefotaxime and ciprofloxacin co-resistant Escherichia coli isolates were investigated in retail chicken and ground pork samples from four provinces of China. The isolates were subjected to phylogenetic group typing and antimicrobial susceptibility testing. All isolates were further characterized by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis to determine the genetic relatedness. These isolates were also screened for beta-lactamase genes, quinolone resistance determinants by PCR, and followed by DNA sequence analysis. Cefotaxime and ciprofloxacin co-resistant E. coli isolates with diverse genetic origins were recovered in 31.9% (106/332) of retail meat samples. E. coli isolates of phylogenetic group A were dominant (59.4%, 63/106), and all isolates showed multidrug resistant profiles. The dominant resistant profiles were AMP-CAZ-CTX-CIP-CHL-GEN-SXT-TET (n=43) and AMP-CAZ-CTX-CIP-CHL-SXT-TET (n=43). Point mutations in quinolone resistance determination regions of topoisomerases were identified in all the isolates, and most of the isolates accumulated three (n=78) or four (n=21) point mutations. Plasmid-mediated quinolone-resistant determinants were identified in 68 isolates, including oqxAB (n=66), qnrS1 (n=7), qnrS2 (n=4), and aac(6')-Ib-cr (n=9). Eight subtypes of bla(CTX-M) were identified in 103 E. coli isolates, and blaCTX-M-55 (n=90) was dominant. This study highlights that retail meat could serve as an important reservoir of cefotaxime and ciprofloxacin co-resistant E. coli isolates. It is necessary to evaluate their contribution in the community and hospital infections. Descriptors Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Xu,X., Cui,S., Zhang,F., Luo,Y., Gu,Y., Yang,B., Li,F., Chen,Q., Zhou,G., Wang,Y., Pang,L., Lin,L. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic 20130817 PMCID Editors
Dual use of cigarettes and Swedish snuff (snus) among young adults in Northern Finland	2013	1 Department of Medicine, Pulmonary Division, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki, Finland.	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full European journal of public health Periodical, Abbrev. Eur.J.Public Health Pub Date Free Form Oct Volume 23 Issue 5 Start Page 768 Other Pages 771 Notes JID: 9204966; 2012/09/22 [aheadofprint]; ppublish Place of Publication England ISSN/ISBN 1464-360X; 1101-1262 Accession Number PMID: 23002233 Language eng SubFile Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; IM DOI 10.1093/eurpub/cks131 [doi] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 23002233 Abstract BACKGROUND: The sale of smokeless tobacco has been totally banned in Finland since the country joined the European Union in 1995. Adolescents have continued to use smokeless tobacco even after the sales ban. The objective was to describe dual use of Swedish snuff (snus) and cigarettes in young adults living in Northern Finland. METHODS: This study on male military recruits (n = 1151, mean age 19.4 years; response rate 80%) investigated association of snus use with self-reported tobacco use, nicotine dependence and attempts to quit smoking. RESULTS: Overall, 15.6% (n = 179) reported daily snus use, and almost half of them were dual users who used both products, i.e. cigarettes and snus, daily. Daily smokers were often occasional snus users (66.3%), and those with dual use smoked equal number of cigarettes per day as daily smokers who were not snus users. In addition, dual snus use seemed to increase the dependence to cigarettes, although this trend did not reach statistical significance. Dual users tried to quit less likely than exclusive smokers. Very few snus users were 'switchers' (ex-smokers) [3.2% (n = 22) of all snus users]. CONCLUSIONS: Dual use of snus and cigarettes is common among young in Finland, despite the sales ban on snus. The role of snus in reducing cigarette smoking is unclear, but it is likely that snus use complicates the attempts to quit smoking. Descriptors Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Hamari,A.K., Toljamo,T.I., Kinnula,V.L., Nieminen,P.A. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic 20120922 PMCID Editors
Molecular epidemiology of extended-spectrum beta-lactamases and Escherichia coli isolated from retail foods including chicken meat in Japan	2014	1 Department of Pathophysiological Laboratory Science, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine , Nagoya, Japan .	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Foodborne pathogens and disease Periodical, Abbrev. Foodborne Pathog.Dis. Pub Date Free Form Feb Volume 11 Issue 2 Start Page 104 Other Pages 110 Notes JID: 101120121; 0 (DNA, Bacterial); 0 (Fluoroquinolones); EC 3.5.2.- (beta-lactamase CTX-2); EC 3.5.2.- (beta-lactamase TEM-3); EC 3.5.2.6 (beta-Lactamases); 2013/10/04 [aheadofprint]; ppublish Place of Publication United States ISSN/ISBN 1556-7125; 1535-3141 Accession Number PMID: 24093132 Language eng SubFile Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; IM DOI 10.1089/fpd.2013.1608 [doi] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 24093132 Abstract Contamination of retail meat with extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL)-producing Escherichia coli has been reported, but only limited data have been documented in Japan. One hundred fifty-three retail foods including chicken meat, beef, pork, and vegetables were purchased from 29 supermarkets between January and October in 2010. ESBL producers were recovered from each food sample using McConkey agar plate supplemented with 1 mg/L of cefotaxime. ESBL type was identified by DNA sequencing analysis after polymerase chain reaction amplification. Antibiogram, O serotype, plasmid replicon type, pulsotype, and multilocus sequence type were also determined. Fifty-two epidemiologically unrelated Escherichia coli isolates producing ESBL were recovered from 35 (22.9%) of 153 samples, all of which were chicken meat. ESBL types were mainly CTX-M-2 group followed by CTX-M-1 group and CTX-M-8 group. The numbers of bacterial isolates (8 of 21, 38.1%) harboring bla(CTX-M-8) recovered from imported meat samples were significantly larger than those of domestic ones (one of 31, 3.2%) (p Descriptors Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Kawamura,K., Goto,K., Nakane,K., Arakawa,Y. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic 20131004 PMCID Editors
Prevalence of CTX-M-Type extended-spectrum beta-lactamases in Escherichia coli strains isolated in poultry farms	2014	1 Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, University of La Laguna , Canary Islands, Spain .	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Foodborne pathogens and disease Periodical, Abbrev. Foodborne Pathog.Dis. Pub Date Free Form Nov Volume 11 Issue 11 Start Page 868 Other Pages 873 Notes JID: 101120121; EC 3.5.2.6 (beta-Lactamases); 2014/09/04 [aheadofprint]; ppublish Place of Publication United States ISSN/ISBN 1556-7125; 1535-3141 Accession Number PMID: 25188670 Language eng SubFile Journal Article; IM DOI 10.1089/fpd.2014.1796 [doi] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 25188670 Abstract The aim of the study was to detect the prevalence of CTX-M-type extended-spectrum beta-lactamases (ESBL) in Escherichia coli strains isolated in healthy chickens at poultry farms in Tenerife, Spain. From November 2012 to February 2013, 260 live chickens were screened. Samples were cultured in chromogenic media. Suspect strains were identified by Vitek 2 system and ESBL production was confirmed by the double-disk synergy test. Pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) was performed with XbaI (Promega, Madison, WI) to ESBL-E. coli isolates. The presence of CTX-M-type was detected by real-time polymerase chain reaction. Of 260 rectal swabs, 237 (91.1%) were ESBL-E. coli, 196 (75.38%) strains were characterized by PFGE, and CTX-M-type was detected in 116 (59.1%) of these strains. With respect to the susceptibility patterns of E. coli blaCTX-M strains, 7.8% showed resistance to more than two non-beta-lactam antibiotics. In our area, the prevalence of CTX-M-type in E. coli isolated in chicken was even higher than those found in other countries. The impact of food animals as a possible reservoir for ESBL-E. coli, especially CTX-M-type ESBL, and the dissemination of such strains into the food production chain need to be assessed. Descriptors Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Abreu,R., Castro,B., Espigares,E., Rodriguez-Alvarez,C., Lecuona,M., Moreno,E., Espigares,M., Arias,A. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic 20140904 PMCID Editors
Prevalence of Marijuana-Related Traffic on Twitter, 2012-2013: A Content Analysis	2015	1 Harborview Injury Prevention and Research Center, University of Washington , Seattle, Washington.; 2 Department of History, Amherst College , Amherst, Massachusetts.; 1 Harborview Injury Prevention and Research Center, University of Washington , Seattle	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Cyberpsychology, behavior and social networking Periodical, Abbrev. Cyberpsychol Behav.Soc.Netw. Pub Date Free Form Jun Volume 18 Issue 6 Start Page 311 Other Pages 319 Notes LR: 20160601; GR: T32 HD057822/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/United States; GR: T32HD057822/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/United States; GR: UL1 TR000423/TR/NCATS NIH HHS/United States; GR: UL1TR000423/TR/NCATS NIH HHS/United States; JID: 101528721; OID: NLM: PMC4491148; ppublish Place of Publication United States ISSN/ISBN 2152-2723; 2152-2715 Accession Number PMID: 26075917 Language eng SubFile Journal Article; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural; IM DOI 10.1089/cyber.2014.0620 [doi] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 26075917 Abstract This study assessed marijuana-related content posted by adolescents on Twitter and examined content variation before and after the 2012 U.S. election legalizing recreational use in two states. For two 3-week periods occurring 6 months before and after the election, a 1% random sample was obtained of all tweets matching a set of marijuana-related queries. Original content was separated from reposted content (retweets), and foreign language tweets and those not related to marijuana were excluded. Using a structured codebook, tweet content was categorized (e.g., mention of personal marijuana use, parents' views, perceived effects.) Self-reported age was extracted from tweet metadata when available. Chi-square tests were used to assess differences in content by whether the user self-identified as an adolescent and to compare content pre- versus post-election. The full sample consisted of 71,901 tweets. After excluding nonrelevant tweets and separating original tweets from retweets, the analytic sample included 36,969 original tweets. A majority (65.6%) of original tweets by adolescents (n=1,928) reflected a positive attitude toward marijuana, and 42.9% indicated personal use. Of adolescents' tweets that mentioned parents, 36.0% of tweets indicated parental support for the adolescent's marijuana use. Tweets about personal marijuana use increased from 2012 to 2013, as did positive perceptions about the drug. Adolescents and others on Twitter are exposed to positive discussion normalizing use. Over the study period, Twitter was increasingly used to disclose marijuana use. Descriptors Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Thompson,L., Rivara,F.P., Whitehill,J.M. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic PMCID PMC4491148 Editors
Characterization of Escherichia coli-Producing Extended-Spectrum beta-Lactamase (ESBL) Isolated from Chicken Slaughterhouses in South Korea	2015	1 KU Center for Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Konkuk University , Seoul, Korea.; 1 KU Center for Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Konkuk University , Seoul, Korea.; 2 Ministry of Food and Drug Safety, Food and Drug Administratio	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Foodborne pathogens and disease Periodical, Abbrev. Foodborne Pathog.Dis. Pub Date Free Form Sep Volume 12 Issue 9 Start Page 741 Other Pages 748 Notes JID: 101120121; EC 3.5.2.6 (beta-Lactamases); 2015/07/28 [aheadofprint]; ppublish Place of Publication United States ISSN/ISBN 1556-7125; 1535-3141 Accession Number PMID: 26219023 Language eng SubFile Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; IM DOI 10.1089/fpd.2014.1921 [doi] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 26219023 Abstract In South Korea, few reports have indicated the occurrence and characteristics of extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL)-producing Escherichia coli in food-producing animals, particularly in poultry slaughterhouses. In this study, we investigated the occurrence and antibiotic resistance of ESBL-producing E. coli from whole chicken carcasses (n=156) and fecal samples (n=39) of chickens obtained from 2 slaughterhouses. Each sample enriched in buffered peptone water was cultured on MacConkey agar with 2 mg/L cefotaxime and ESBL agar. ESBL production and antibiotic susceptibility were determined using the Trek Diagnostics system. The ESBL genotypes were determined by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) using the bla(SHV), bla(TEM), and bla(CTX-M) gene sequences. Subtyping using a repetitive sequence-based PCR system (DiversiLab) and multilocus sequence typing (MLST) were used to assess the interspecific biodiversity of isolates. Sixty-two ESBL-producing E. coli isolates were obtained from 156 samples (39.7%). No bla(SHV) genes were detected in any of the isolates, whereas all contained the bla(TEM) gene. Twenty-five strains (40.3%) harbored the CTX-M group 1 gene. The most prevalent MLST sequence type (ST) was ST 93 (14.5%), followed by ST 117 (9.7%) and ST 2303 (8.1%). This study reveals a high occurrence and beta-lactams resistance rate of E. coli in fecal samples and whole chickens collected from slaughterhouses in South Korea. Descriptors Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Lim,J.S., Choi,D.S., Kim,Y.J., Chon,J.W., Kim,H.S., Park,H.J., Moon,J.S., Wee,S.H., Seo,K.H. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic 20150728 PMCID Editors
Electronic cigarettes. A position statement of the forum of international respiratory societies	2014	1 Pulmonary, Critical Care, Sleep, and Allergy, Department of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois.	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine Periodical, Abbrev. Am.J.Respir.Crit.Care Med. Pub Date Free Form 15-Sep Volume 190 Issue 6 Start Page 611 Other Pages 618 Notes LR: 20151119; JID: 9421642; 6M3C89ZY6R (Nicotine); OTO: NOTNLM; ppublish Place of Publication United States ISSN/ISBN 1535-4970; 1073-449X Accession Number PMID: 25006874 Language eng SubFile Journal Article; Practice Guideline; AIM; IM DOI 10.1164/rccm.201407-1198PP [doi] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 25006874 Abstract BACKGROUND: Awareness and usage of electronic cigarettes has exponentially increased during the last few years, especially among young people and women in some countries. The rapid acceptance of electronic cigarettes may be attributed in part to the perception created by marketing and the popular press that they are safer than combustible cigarettes. GOALS: To alert and advise policy makers about electronic cigarettes and their potential hazards. METHODS: Using The Union's position paper on electronic cigarettes as the starting template, the document was written using an iterative process. Portions of the manuscript have been taken directly from the position papers of participating societies. RESULTS: Because electronic cigarettes generate less tar and carcinogens than combustible cigarettes, use of electronic cigarettes may reduce disease caused by those components. However, the health risks of electronic cigarettes have not been adequately studied. Studies looking at whether electronic cigarettes can aid smoking cessation have had inconsistent results. Moreover, the availability of electronic cigarettes may have an overall adverse health impact by increasing initiation and reducing cessation of combustible nicotine delivery products. CONCLUSIONS: The health and safety claims regarding electronic nicotine delivery devices should be subject to evidentiary review. The potential benefits of electronic cigarettes to an individual smoker should be weighed against potential harm to the population of increased social acceptability of smoking and use of nicotine, the latter of which has addictive power and untoward effects. As a precaution, electronic nicotine delivery devices should be restricted or banned until more information about their safety is available. If they are allowed, they should be closely regulated as medicines or tobacco products. Descriptors Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Schraufnagel,D.E., Blasi,F., Drummond,M.B., Lam,D.C., Latif,E., Rosen,M.J., Sansores,R., Van Zyl-Smit,R., Forum of International Respiratory Societies Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic PMCID Editors
The perceptions of UK youth of branded and standardized, 'plain' cigarette packaging	2014	1 School of Public Health & Health Systems, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Canada.; 1 School of Public Health & Health Systems, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Canada.; 2 Action on Smoking and Health, London, UK.; 2 Action on Smoking and Health, Lond	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full European journal of public health Periodical, Abbrev. Eur.J.Public Health Pub Date Free Form Aug Volume 24 Issue 4 Start Page 537 Other Pages 543 Notes CI: (c) The Author 2013; JID: 9204966; 2013/10/08 [aheadofprint]; ppublish Place of Publication England ISSN/ISBN 1464-360X; 1101-1262 Accession Number PMID: 24108274 Language eng SubFile Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; IM DOI 10.1093/eurpub/ckt142 [doi] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 24108274 Abstract BACKGROUND: Tobacco packaging is an important form of promotion. Standardizing cigarette packages ('plain' packaging) represents a novel tobacco control policy. This study examined perceptions of branded and standardized cigarette packages among British youth. METHODS: Seven hundred twelve youth aged 11-17 completed an online survey. Participants viewed pairs of packages altered using a 3 x 2 factorial design: health warning type (40% text, 40% pictorial or 80% pictorial) x standardized pack colour (white vs. brown). A discrete-choice task was used in which participants selected packs based on attractiveness, taste, tar, health risk, impact of health warning and enticement to start smoking. Participants also compared regular Silk Cut and 'Superslims' Silk Cut packs. Participants completed a final selection task from two standardized and two branded packs. RESULTS: Warning type was significantly associated with all six outcomes: packs with larger pictorial warnings were more likely to be perceived as less attractive, less smooth, greater health risk, higher tar delivery, more effective health warnings and less likely to encourage initiation. The same pattern was found for brown vs. white standardized packages, with the exception of attractiveness and initiation. Compared with the regular Silk Cut pack, the 'Superslims' Silk Cut pack was perceived as significantly more favourable on all six outcomes. Finally, among respondents who selected a pack in the pack selection task, 95.1% selected a branded pack vs. 4.9% who selected a standardized pack. CONCLUSIONS: Increasing the size of pictorial health warnings and standardizing the appearance and shape of packages may discourage smoking initiation among young people. Descriptors Links Book Title Database Publisher . Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the European Public Health Association Data Source Authors Hammond,D., White,C., Anderson,W., Arnott,D., Dockrell,M. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic 20131008 PMCID Editors
High Prevalence of Escherichia coli-Producing CTX-M-15 Extended-Spectrum Beta-Lactamases in Poultry and Human Clinical Isolates in Romania	2015	1 School of Veterinary Science, University of Liverpool , Liverpool, United Kingdom .; 2 Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Agronomical Sciences and Veterinary Medicine , Iasi, Romania .; 3 Institute of Infection and Global Health, University o	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Microbial drug resistance (Larchmont, N.Y.) Periodical, Abbrev. Microb.Drug Resist. Pub Date Free Form Dec Volume 21 Issue 6 Start Page 651 Other Pages 662 Notes GR: Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council/United Kingdom; JID: 9508567; 2015/03/03 [aheadofprint]; ppublish Place of Publication United States ISSN/ISBN 1931-8448; 1076-6294 Accession Number PMID: 25734920 Language eng SubFile Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; IM DOI 10.1089/mdr.2014.0248 [doi] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 25734920 Abstract Use of antibiotics in food animals may contribute to development and spread of resistant organisms, particularly so in some countries. The aim of this study was two-fold; first, to establish the prevalence of extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL)-producing Escherichia coli in chicken production in a region within Romania. Second, to study the relatedness of ESBL-producing E. coli isolates recovered from broilers, abattoir workers where the chickens were slaughtered and from the human clinical specimens from two regional hospitals. The results indicated a very high (69%) rate of carriage of ESBL and AmpC-producing E. coli in chickens with 36% CTX-M producers. Sequencing showed that chickens in Romania have the highest worldwide prevalence (53%) of blaCTX-M-15 reported in poultry E. coli isolates. The majority (53%) of the extended-spectrum cephalosporin-resistant E. coli carried plasmid-mediated blaampC genes, mostly blaCMY-2 type, one of the highest prevalences reported in Europe. The predominant CTX-M type found in the human clinical E. coli isolates was blaCTX-M-15 and most isolates coharbored blaOXA-1, blaTEM, and aac(6')-ib-cr. The majority (60%) of the human clinical isolates belonged to the pandemic virulent clone B2-ST131. The clonal relationship between broiler and the human CTX-M-producing E. coli isolates was assessed by macrorestriction pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) and multilocus sequence typing (MLST), which indicated strain diversity with no common STs found between human and poultry isolates. Moreover, IncI1 was the most prevalent replicon found in broiler ESBL-producing E. coli isolates and also in transconjugants, indicating that plasmids and not clonal spread may play a role in the transfer of blaCTX-M genes. This study identifies a high prevalence of ESBL-producing E. coli from broiler chickens in Romania with a high occurrence incidence of blaCTX-M-15, which reflects the main ESBL type found in human E. coli infections in this country. Descriptors Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Maciuca,I.E., Williams,N.J., Tuchilus,C., Dorneanu,O., Guguianu,E., Carp-Carare,C., Rimbu,C., Timofte,D. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic 20150303 PMCID Editors

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